Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey...
-
Upload
roland-atkinson -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey...
![Page 1: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Community Living: A Social Movement?
Robert HickeyQueen’s University
School of Policy Studies
![Page 2: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Social Movements
• Builds on session from 2009 CLO Conference• What makes a social movement?
Characteristics of social movement organizations
• Lessons from other social movements – the labour movement
• Possible applications for the Community Living Movement
![Page 3: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Characteristics of a social movement?
• What makes a social movement?– How would you describe the characteristics of a
social movement?
• Historical social movements?– What was the first mass social movement?
• Contemporary social movements?– Flash mobs versus social movements
![Page 4: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Social movements
• Collective identities– Cohesion and coordination of interests
• Communication networks– Implications of new ICT?
• Political opportunity structures (threats)– Discontent not sufficient
• Contentious politics (system change)– Challenges of success
![Page 5: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Unions – “old” social movement
• Rise – Decline – Renewal (?)• Diverse organizations
– Craft vs industrial, discriminatory vs inclusive
• Unions reflect most ‘voluntary organizations’– Small activist core with many free-riders
• Advances in institutional stability often comes with a decline in social movement orientation
![Page 6: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Causes of union movement decline
• Economic restructuring– Decline in manufacturing shift to services
• Political shifts (Thatcher & Reagan)– Anti-union government policy
• Employer resistance– Wal Marts of the world unite
• Unions themselves
![Page 7: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Dynamics of union decline
• Iron Law of Oligarchy– Michels (1911) observed that organizations
develop divergent interests between leaders and rank and file members
• “Business unionism” as key problem– Union functions like an insurance agency focused
on services for members, not a democratic organization pressing for universal improvements
– Job control focus, exclusionary practices
![Page 8: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Dynamics of decline (cont’)
• Lack of organizing strategy and capacity• Reactive orientation
– Easy to say no, ignore change pressures– Difficult to build a strategic agenda to shape
change
• Collective action problems– Competition versus coordination
![Page 9: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Conditions for renewal
• Crisis– Organizational insolvency– Density decline
• Change in leadership– Influx of community organizers
• National union support and direction– Incentives– Expertise
![Page 10: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
A sense of crisis (US labour movement)
![Page 11: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Canada in comparison
Union Density: US & Canada
0
10
20
30
40
50
1901
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
1999
2002
Canada US
![Page 12: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Efforts at union renewal
• Union renewal as a process– Member participation and activism– Leader – member relations– ‘social movement unionism’
• Union renewal as an outcome– Union density– Bargaining power, political influence etc.
![Page 13: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Renewal strategies
• Mergers• Organizing orientation• Coalition formation with other organizations• Innovative collective action• Comprehensive campaign strategies• New forms of political action• Employer partnerships
![Page 14: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Lessons and possible applications
• Very mixed record of success• Renewal most successful among organizations
pursuing comprehensive strategies – Combination of tactics– Bottom up mobilization and top down strategies
• Balance mandate to support current members with imperative to organize non-members– Create community organizing capacity and
expertise
![Page 15: Community Living Ontario 57th Annual Conference Community Living: A Social Movement? Robert Hickey Queen’s University School of Policy Studies.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56649f265503460f94c3dac3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Community Living Ontario57th Annual Conference
Lessons and possible applications
• Cultivate collective identities, common frames and pro-active, strategic agendas
• Networked resources (internal & external)• Role of research
– Political opportunity structures– Institutional entrepreneurship
• Intra-movement political rivalry can have a debilitating effect on organizations