Community Level Models; Participatory Research and Challenges Alexandra Varga H571.
-
Upload
george-gallagher -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Community Level Models; Participatory Research and Challenges Alexandra Varga H571.
Community Level Models;Participatory Research and
Challenges
Alexandra VargaH571
Public Health
• Public health is “the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals.”
Winslow, C.E. (1920). The untilled fields of public health. Science, 51(1306), 23-33.
Social Ecological Model
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2013). What Is the Clinical-Community Relationships Measurement Framework?: Clinical-Community Relationships Measures (CCRM) Atlas. . Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/prevention-chronic-care/resources/clinical-community-relationships-measures-atlas/ccrm-atlas3.html3
Community level interventions must address these issues to address health disparities
Disparities in health status due to:•Exposures•Health care access•Social experience/support
Community Level Models
• Strategies for a variety of settings• Community: “a group of people with diverse
characteristics who are linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and engage in joint action in geographical locations or settings.”
aMacQueen, K.M. et al. (2001). What is community? An evidenced- based definition for participatory public health. American
Journal of Public Health, 91 (12), 1929-1939.
Strategies for Community Level Intervention
• Community organization and other participatory models
• Diffusion of innovations theory
• Communications theory
Community Organization
• Seeks to expand participants sense of self interest outward
• Communities are helped to identify, assess, and solve a problem- mobilization
• More likely to succeed with community’s priorities (as opposed to external agenda)
3 General Types of Community Organizing
Type Focus GoalCommunity development
process of community building
develop group identity
Social planning
task goals and issues of resources allocation
problem solving
*Social action process and task oriented; grassroots based; conflict oriented
increase community capacity and solve problems; concrete change to social injustice (policy change)
6 Common Elements of Community Organization
Element DefinitionEmpowerment Social action process though which people gain
confidence and skills to improve quality of life
Community Capacity Characteristics of a community that allow it to identify and address problems
Participation in organizing process
Engagement of community members
Relevance Participants identify issues that are important to them
Issue Selection Problems are dissected into solvable pieces
Critical Consciousness Awareness of social, political and economic factors contributing to social problems
Media Advocacy
• Definition: “the strategic use of mass media and community advocacy to advance environmental change or a public policy initiative”
• Purpose: Advocate for the goals of safe, healthy and prosperous communities; identify barriers to strategic policy implementation; and share current research through
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Media Advocacy. Designing and Implementing an Effective Tobacco Counter Marketing Campaign. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/stateandcommunity/counter_marketing/manual/pdfs/chapter9.pdf
Community-Based Participatory Research
• Recognizes community as an unit of identity.• Builds on strengths and resources within the community.• Facilitates collaborative, equitable involvement of all partners in all
phases of the research.• Integrates knowledge and intervention for mutual benefit of all
partners.• Promotes a co-learning and empowering process that attends to
social inequalities• Addresses health from both positive and ecological perspectives.• Disseminates findings and knowledge gained to all partners.• Involves a long-term commitment by all partners
O’Fallon, L.R., Tyson, F.L., Dearry, A. (2000). Successful models of community-based participatory research. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Discussion…
• A few examples of CBPR…
• What are some challenges, issues, or gaps?• What are some facilitating factors or ways to
promote CBPR?