Community Health Risk Assessment
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Transcript of Community Health Risk Assessment
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Community Health Risk Assessment
An Assessment of Risk Related to the Oil and Gas Industry in Garfield
County
Teresa A. Coons, PhDSenior ScientistSaccomanno Research Institute
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Risk Perception, Assessment, Risk Perception, Assessment, & Management& Management
Risk Perception: “Human health is at risk [or has been damaged] because of the proximity of the industry operation.” Commonly, within communities, all health
problems or conditions are attributed to the perceived “health hazard”
Perception versus Reality (Is it important?)
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Risk Perception, Assessment,Risk Perception, Assessment,& Management& Management
Risk Assessment: “Are there health problems within the community, and can these health problems be related to pathways of exposure?” Probability of harm (injury, disease, death)
under specific circumstances What is the probability that the health
problems are directly related to the industry operation?
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Bottom Line Question: Has human health been affected?
Social-Cultural
Political-Economic
Physical SpiritualHUMAN HEALTHHUMAN HEALTH
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Risk Perception, Assessment,Risk Perception, Assessment,& Management& Management
Risk Management: “How can/should the community and the industry deal with these problems?” What do we need to do to deal with any
current problems and prevent future health problems?
Is there a need for changes in public policy, new infrastructure, medical screening and surveillance programs?
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““The Big Picture”The Big Picture”
Relating SOURCES of contaminants and their PRESENCE in the environment to human EXPOSURE, ABSORBED DOSE, SUSCEPTIBILITY and HEALTH EFFECTS
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Hazard IdentificationHazard Identification
Characterize the “sources” Natural Gas Operations Other sources of potentially toxic materials (e.g.
mines, mill tailings, landfills, agricultural spraying)?
Characterize the “contaminants” What are the potentially toxic materials? How much is present?
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Exposure AssessmentExposure Assessment
Exposure potential Exposure potential (hazard assessment)(hazard assessment)
Identify [all]Identify [all]potential hazards topotential hazards tohuman healthhuman health
Determine the type and Determine the type and magnitude of potential magnitude of potential human exposures to toxinshuman exposures to toxins
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Toxicity AssessmentToxicity Assessment
Is the contaminant harmful?
Characterize the “community” (Who is at risk?)
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What Makes a Material “Harmful”? Source (Where does it come from?) Dose (How much?) Mode of Administration (How does it get into the body?) Condition of the Exposed Individual
age/ethnic background concurrent illnesses/health conditions previous injury/other exposures
Duration of Exposure (How long?) Effects can be Acute, Chronic, or Latent
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Dose
“All substances are poisons; there is none which is not poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy.”
Paracelsus (1493-1541)
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Exposure PathwaysExposure Pathways Inhalation (airborne toxicants) Ingestion (“food chain”; drinking water) Absorption (skin contact, e.g., soil,
swimming) Transplacental/Nursing (mother to child)
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Risk CharacterizationRisk Characterization Develop “probability statements” about
risk to individuals within the community (current or future risk)Exposure potentialRisk factors related to age, health
status, etc. Draw conclusions about relationship
between exposure and observed health conditions
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Community Health Assessment:Community Health Assessment: Scope of Work Scope of Work
GATHERING DATA FROM THE PUBLIC -- Conduct public meetings (explain study/get
feedback) Conduct focus groups to characterize the range of
symptoms and illnesses of concern to community residents (public perception)
Conduct in-home survey of random sample of households to assess the health status of adults and children living in the study area
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Community Health Assessment:Community Health Assessment: Scope of WorkScope of Work
GATHERING STATISTICAL HEALTH DATA -- Review community demographics and health
status data available from public sources CDPHE, Garfield County health survey, Garfield
County socio-economic survey
Gather “comparison” data (e.g., Weld County/La Plata County) data
Result is a picture” of the health of residents of study communities (“snapshot” vs. trend data)
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Community Health Assessment:Community Health Assessment: Scope of WorkScope of Work
GATHERING ENVIRONMENTAL (RISK) DATA -- Acquire existing data on contaminants in the air, water,
and soil Air Quality Monitoring study Hydrogeological Study Other baseline studies
Identify data “gaps” Collect samples to fill gaps
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Community Health Assessment:Community Health Assessment: Scope of WorkScope of Work
Characterize human health risk -- Develop conceptual model: exposure pathways,
calculations of dose and risk Draw conclusions for current and future health
impacts of oil and gas drilling in Garfield County
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Community Health Assessment:Community Health Assessment:LimitationsLimitations
Funding: study may uncover issues or areas that need more in-depth research than can be performed with existing funding
Lack of baseline health data with which to determine trends or changes
Relatively new presence of the industry in the region: health outcomes may not yet be apparent
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