Communities
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Communities A biological community--- --group of interacting populations occupying the same area at the same time. 3.1 Community Ecology Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Oasis
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Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems. Chapter 3. 3.1 Community Ecology. Communities. A biological community----- group of interacting populations occupying the same area at the same time. Oasis. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems. Chapter 3. Ecological Succession. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Communities
Communities
A biological community-----group of interacting populations occupying the same area at the same time.
3.1 Community EcologyChapter 3
Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
Oasis
Ecological Succession
Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
The change in an ecosystem that happens when one community replaces another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors is ecological succession.
Two typesPrimary succession Secondary succession.
Chapter 3
Primary succession-the establishment of a community in an area of exposed rock-no topsoil
Communities, Biomes, and EcosystemsChapter 3
Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
Orderly/predictable change- takes place after a community of organisms has been removed but the soil has remained intact is. Ex. Fire, tornado, volcano
Chapter 3
Secondary succession
Limiting Factors that affect species Any abiotic factor or biotic factor restricts
(limits): numbers reproduction distribution of organisms
Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
Ex:sunlight, climate, temperature, water,
nutrients, fire, soil chemistry, and space, and other living things
Chapter 3
Population Ecology
Population-Limiting Factors- 2 categories
1.density-independent factors: usually abiotic factors in which population has no control & includes natural disasters. Ex: air, land, water availability, human alterations of the landscape. Natural disasters such as drought, fire, flooding, tornado, hurricane, etc.
2.density-dependent factors: often biotic factors, depends on # of members in population. Ex: Predation, disease, parasites, competition
Chapter 4
Range of Tolerance An upper limit and lower limit- defines the conditions
an organism can survive
Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
The ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotic factors or biotic factors is called tolerance.
Chapter 3
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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A. tundraB. tropical savannaC. tropical seasonal forestD. tropical rainforest
Communities, Biomes, and EcosystemsChapter 3
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Which biome is the most diverse?
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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A. by their average weather conditions
B. by their latitudes and climates
C. by the type of animal communities within them
D. by the type of plant communities within them
Communities, Biomes, and EcosystemsChapter 3
3.2 Formative Questions
By what characteristics are biomes primarily named?
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Communities, Biomes, and EcosystemsChapter 3
Standardized Test Practice
Average temperature
(°C)
Average precipitation
(cm)A. 0 100B. 10 150C. 20 100D. 25 200
What is the approximate average temperature and annual precipitation in the boreal forest biome?
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Communities, Biomes, and EcosystemsChapter 3
Standardized Test Practice
A. tundraB. arctic desertC. coniferous forestD. temperate grassland
What type of community is likely to exist near the top of a mountain?
Biodiversity and Conservation
Factors that Threaten Biodiversity
Humans are changing the conditions on Earth.
Overexploitation Habitat Loss/Habitat Destruction Pollution Acid Precipitation Eutrophication Introduced species/Alien species
Chapter 5
are caused by one species….
Homo sapiens
Biodiversity and Conservation
Overexploitation - excessive use of species that have economic value
Bison
Passenger pigeons
Ocelot
Rhinoceros
5.2 Threats to BiodiversityChapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Pollution-harmful substances released into the environment; threaten biodiversity and global stability
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Biological magnification- increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms as trophic levels increase in a food chain or food web.
Ex: DDT levels in the American Bald Eagle – made
eggshells fragile, broke before eggs could hatch.
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to BiodiversityChapter 5
Assessing Water Quality
Acid Precipitation - sulfuric acid and nitric acid mix with water in the atmosphere. This depletes the calcium, potassium, etc. from the soil, depriving plants of nutrients.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Eutrophication – a type of water pollution that occurs when substances rich in nitrogen and phosphorus (ex: fertilizer) flow into waterways, causing extensive algae growth.
The rapidly growing algae use up the oxygen and other organisms suffocate.
5.2 Threats to BiodiversityChapter 5
Renewable resources- Resources that are replaced by natural processes faster than they are consumed. Ex. Pine trees
Biodiversity and Conservation
Nonrenewable resources-Resources on Earth in limited amounts or replaced by natural processes over extremely long periods of time Ex: Fossil fuels, radioactive uranium
Sustainable use - using resources at a rate in which they can be replaced or recycled Ex: Preservation & Conserving.
Chapter 5
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Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
What form of pollution is caused by extensive algae growth in waterways?
A. acid precipitationB. eutrophicationC. biological
magnificationD. edge effects
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Which is not a renewable resource?
A. solar energyB. fossil fuelsC. agricultural plantsD. clean water
1. A2. B
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
5.1 Formative Questions
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It is likely that some of the world’s unidentified species will have economic value.
A. trueB. false
1. A2. B3. C4. D
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
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A. desertsB. grasslandsC. tropical forestsD. temperate forests
Where are most extinctions likely to occur
in the near future?
5.2 Formative Questions
1. A2. B3. C4. D
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
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A. habitat lossB. human predatorsC. transported diseasesD. background extermination
What is the number one cause of species extinction today?
5.2 Formative Questions
1. A2. B3. C4. D
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
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A. agricultural plantsB. clean waterC. forest timberD. mineral deposits
Which resource is nonrenewable?
5.3 Formative Questions
1. A2. B3. C4. D
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
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Look at the figure. Name the process that is occurring with the increasing concentration of DDT.
A. pollutionB. extinctionC. biological
magnificationD. habitat
fragmentation
Chapter Assessment Questions
1. A2. B3. C4. D
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
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Standardized Test Practice
A. It increases the number of organisms that have useful genes.
B. It increases the ability of a species to adapt to environmental changes.
C. It produces a variety of species within a biological community.
D. It randomly distributes members of a species throughout an ecosystem.
How does genetic diversity increase a species’ chance of survival?
1. A2. B3. C4. D
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
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Standardized Test Practice
If a toxic substance enters this food web, which animals will have the highest concentration of the toxic substance in their tissues?
A. fishesB. killer whalesC. sea ottersD. sea urchins
1. A2. B3. C4. D
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
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Standardized Test Practice
A. acid rainB. fertilizersC. PCBsD. pesticides
What type of substances causes eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems?
1. A2. B3. C4. D
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter 5
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Standardized Test Practice
Which factor has the greatest impact on a country’s rate of natural resource consumption?
A. land areaB. populationC. industrialization
D. availability ofresources
