Communism in Modern China

Fall of Dynastic ChinaThe Communist Revolution

Influence of Soviet SocialismGreat Leap Forward

The Cultural RevolutionEconomic Reforms of Deng Xiaoping

Protests at Tiananmen Square

Objective

•Students will be able to analyze the effects of communism in China by writing a paragraph summary.

CA Standard 10.9.4

• Analyze the Chinese Civil War, the rise of Mao Tse-tung, and the subsequent political and economic upheavals in China (e.g., the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and the Tiananmen Square uprising).

While the USA and USSR squared off in Europe, the Chinese

launched another great revolution.

The Nationalist forces of Jiang Jieshi

fought a civil war against the

Communists, led by Mao Zedong. In

1949, Mao marched triumphantly into

the Chinese capital of Beijing. A new phase of Chinese

history was about to start…

1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940

By the early 1800s, European nations were addicted to Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain. The only thing that they would trade for was silver.

The only goods that the Chinese would buy was opium.

In the 1850s, a rebellion

against western influence broke out called the Taiping

Rebellion.

Over 20 million

Chinese died..

China was split into spheres of influence by

foreign nations.

In 1900 Chinese people rose up in the Boxer Rebellion against

foreigners.

The US Marines were sent into China to put down the Boxer Rebellion.

In 1912 the Chinese overthrew the

Manchu Dynasty and created the Republic

of China.

Sun Yixian became the first President.

The Communist Party formed in 1921.

Soon, the Nationalists (led by Jiang Jieshie) were fighting a civil war against the communists.

In 1934, the Nationalists forced the

Communists to undertake

the 6,000 mile “Long

March”.

Quick overview of Chinese history in the modern period until the

start of World War II.

Class Notes / Learning Log / Textbook Notes Summary, Reflection, Analysis

For homework, create at least one question per chunk of information related to the notes on the right side.

Topic:

Name: Class: Period Date:

Sample Cornell Note Paper

Communism in China

Write questions on the left side

Write lecture notes on the right side

1. Fall of Dynastic ChinaA. Powerful emperors ruled China for

thousands of year in a recurring cycle of rising and falling dynasties

B. Emperors could lose their “Mandate from Heaven”

C. The large majority of the population were peasants.

D. The Manchu Dynasty fell in 1911. Afterward china was controlled by various warlords.

2. The Communist RevolutionA.A long civil war preceded the communist

Revolution of 1949B.The Communist army was named the

People’s Liberation Army (PLA)C.Chiang Kai-shek ruled China and fought the

Communists before 1949D.during “Long March” communists took land

from rich and gave it to poorE.communists were best fighters against

Japanese

Film Clip: Communism in China

“War of Liberation”

People’s Republic of China

Two Chinas

Republic of China

Mao ZedongJiang Jieshi

(Chiang Kai-shek) )In 1949, nationalist Jiang Jieshi fled to Taiwan and Mao Zedong took over China

•Complete Worksheet: •The Start of the Chinese Revolutions

China under Mao Zedong1949 - 1976

3. The Influence of Soviet SocialismA.The Soviet-influenced Five-Year Plan

emphasized the development of heavy industry rather than revolutionary spirit.

B.The Communist Party organized peasants into state-owned collectives.

C.Communist leaders eventually rejected the guidance of the Soviet Union because they thought the Soviets relied too much on a class of technological experts and not enough on human spirit and the socialist value of equality.

Mao Zedong

• A revolution to remove “3 big mountains”– imperialism– feudalism– bureaucrat-capitalism

• “United Front” of …– workers– peasants– petty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie

Great Leap Forward (1958-1960)

• abandon the Soviet model of economic development– Soviet “scientific planning”

• mass mobilization• people’s communes

4. The Great Leap ForwardA.Mao was initially fearful that the Chinese

revolutionary spirit was waning.B.Mao’s plan to teach masses of people to

industrialize China in one “great leap”C.People were organized into long communes

that guaranteed various services such as food and health care.

D.The Great Leap forward failed and resulted in widespread famine.

Great Leap Forward (1958-1960)

• unrealistic output targets– industry– agricultural and human disaster

Mao’s Popularity

God-like

Goat

1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960

Long March

victory against Japan

victory in Civil War

success of 5-year Plan

failure of Great Leap Forward

5. The Cultural RevolutionA. Chinese leaders focused on rebuilding the economy after the failure of the Great Leap Forward. Mao believed this period threatened the socialist spirit of the revolution.B. Mao called on young people, termed Red Guards, to guard the culture of the Revolution.C. The Red Guards carried a book of Mao’s quotations, known in western countries as the Little Red Book.D. The Red Guards sought to stamp out “incorrect” or old values and habits.E. Mao died in 1976; afterward his wife and several advisors were tried for sedition.

Phase I: Red Guards (1966-69)

Phase I: Red Guards (1966-69)

• Purge of party cadres– Liu Shaoqi and Deng

Xiaoping

• Purge of intellectuals

Diplomatic Breakthrough

• 1972, President Nixon visited Beijing

Mao and Zhou Died in 1976

• Turning point in China’s postwar era• “Gang of Four” were arrested• End of the Cultural Revolution

Phase II: Lin Biao (1969-71)

• the putative successor to Mao Zedong– the cult of personality around Mao

• In 1971 Lin allegedly tried but failed– to assassinate Mao– to flee to Soviet Union (“9.13”)

• “9.13” eroded the credibility– of the entire leadership– of the Cultural Revolution

Phase III: the “Gang of Four”

• 1972 – 1976• power struggle

between– the radical “Gang of

Four”, led by Jiang Qing, Mao’s wife

– the “moderates”, led by Premier Zhou Enlai

• the fate of Deng Xiaoping

•Complete Worksheet: •The Communist Party and the Cultural Revolution

6. The Economic Reforms of Deng XiaopingA. China’s new leader, Deng Xiaoping, rejected the extreme socialist values of the Cultural Revolution and shifted the focus of the government back to making China strong economically.B. Peasants were allowed to sell crops from their own private plots and local markets if they first produced their quota of crops to be given to the government.C. Capitalist enterprise came to be accepted in many regions in China.D. The economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping proved successful.

7. Protest for Democracy in Tiananmen SquareA. In April 1989 students held a protest for democracy at Tiananmen Square in the capital city of Beijing.B. Deng Xiaoping called in the army a second time to use force to clear the square of the protesters, which it did, killing between 700-3,000 citizens.C. The government of Deng Xiaoping arrested student leaders, and no democratic reforms occurred.

Film Clip: Dissent in China

China in the 1990s

• China continued to move towards democratic reforms in the economy but NOT in politics

• China has a poor human rights record

• Repressed pro-democratic movements

China Today

• China remains Communist• Has many democratic reforms in the

economy• But people have limited personal

freedoms (no democracy)• Still has conflicts with Taiwan

Hong Kong

• Hong Kong was a city in China controlled by the British

• July 1, 1997 Britain gave back Hong Kong to China

• China promised to not interfere with Hong Kong’s way of life for 50 years

Other events in Asia would cause great concern for

Americans worried about the

spread of communism.

Korea and Vietnam would see the USA act

internationally to contain

communism.

Class Notes / Learning Log / Textbook Notes Summary, Reflection, Analysis

For homework, create at least one question per chunk of information related to the notes on the right side.

Topic:

Name: Class: Period Date:

Sample Cornell Note Paper

Communism in China

Write a paragraph Summary