Communism in Communism in Crisis: Crisis:

1976 - 19891976 - 1989

Mr. KuzmichMr. Kuzmich

IB Global StudiesIB Global Studies

China after Mao ZedongChina after Mao Zedong

The struggle for power following The struggle for power following Mao’s deathMao’s death

Hua GuofengHua Guofeng

Re-emergence of Deng XiaopingRe-emergence of Deng Xiaoping

Defeat of the Gang of FourDefeat of the Gang of Four

Who greeted President Nixon in Who greeted President Nixon in China?China?

Zhou Enlai Passes Away Zhou Enlai Passes Away January 1976January 1976

The struggle for power The struggle for power following Mao’s deathfollowing Mao’s death

Mao passed away Mao passed away on September 9, on September 9, 19761976

Power struggle for Power struggle for control of Chinacontrol of China

The struggle for power The struggle for power following Mao’s deathfollowing Mao’s death

Left – Gang of Four - militantLeft – Gang of Four - militant– Continue policy of revolutionary Continue policy of revolutionary

mass mobilizationmass mobilization

– Jiang Qing, Yao Wenyuan, Zhang Jiang Qing, Yao Wenyuan, Zhang Chunqiao, and Wang HongwenChunqiao, and Wang Hongwen

– Chen Boda and Lin Biao - associatesChen Boda and Lin Biao - associates

Gang of Gang of FourFour

The struggle for power The struggle for power following Mao’s deathfollowing Mao’s death

Reformers - PragmatistsReformers - Pragmatists– Led by Deng XiaopingLed by Deng Xiaoping

– wanted to overhaul the Chinese wanted to overhaul the Chinese economy based on market-oriented economy based on market-oriented policies and to de-emphasize the policies and to de-emphasize the role of Maoist ideology in role of Maoist ideology in determining economic and political determining economic and political policy. policy.

Deng XioapingDeng Xioaping

The struggle for power The struggle for power following Mao’s deathfollowing Mao’s death

Center-right wing Center-right wing (restorationists)(restorationists)

Hua GuofengHua Guofeng– Opposed the policies of Opposed the policies of

revolutionary mass mobilizationrevolutionary mass mobilization– Return to centralized planning Return to centralized planning

based on the Soviet modelbased on the Soviet model

Hua GuofengHua Guofeng Credited for quickly ousting the Credited for quickly ousting the

Gang of FourGang of Four Emergence marked the end of Emergence marked the end of

the Cultural Revolutionthe Cultural Revolution Denounced for promoting the Denounced for promoting the

Two Whatevers policyTwo Whatevers policy "We will resolutely uphold "We will resolutely uphold

whatever policy decisions whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave"instructions Chairman Mao gave"

Defeat of the Gang of Defeat of the Gang of FourFour

The "Gang" had arranged for Deng The "Gang" had arranged for Deng Xiaoping's purge in April 1976 Xiaoping's purge in April 1976

Hua won the Army to his sideHua won the Army to his side Blamed the Gang of Four for the Blamed the Gang of Four for the

excesses of the Cultural excesses of the Cultural Revolution and had them arrestedRevolution and had them arrested

Put on a “show trial” in 1981 and Put on a “show trial” in 1981 and imprisonedimprisoned

Gang of Four Trial - 1981Gang of Four Trial - 1981

New Politburo - 1977New Politburo - 1977 ““Unity, stability, and Unity, stability, and

cooperation”cooperation”

Chairman Hua – supported by Chairman Hua – supported by nine membersnine members

Rehabilitated Deng Xiaoping – Rehabilitated Deng Xiaoping – supported by nine memberssupported by nine members

General Ye Jianying – supported General Ye Jianying – supported by three membersby three members

Two Whatevers PolicyTwo Whatevers Policy

““We will resolutely We will resolutely uphold whatever policy uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman decisions Chairman Mao made, and Mao made, and unswervingly follow unswervingly follow whatever instructions whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave.”Chairman Mao gave.”

Re-emergence ofRe-emergence ofDeng XiaopingDeng Xiaoping

Gradually gained Gradually gained control of the CCPcontrol of the CCP

Unimportance of Unimportance of official titles official titles

Political leaders Political leaders who lost a power who lost a power struggle would not struggle would not be physically be physically harmed or jailedharmed or jailed

Zhao Ziyang and Hu Zhao Ziyang and Hu YaobangYaobang