Communications In Engineering/Information Communication Mrs. Davis Fall 2003 Engineering...

Communications In Communications In Engineering/InforEngineering/Infor

mation mation CommunicationCommunicationMrs. DavisMrs. Davis

Fall 2003Fall 2003Engineering Applications Engineering Applications

Week 4Week 4

What is Communication?What is Communication?

Definition: “To share”Definition: “To share” Sharing messagesSharing messages

4 Elements Required to Have 4 Elements Required to Have Communication:Communication: A SenderA Sender A MessageA Message A Receiver (who understands the A Receiver (who understands the

Message)Message) FeedbackFeedback

Question….Question….

If no one hears your call for help, is If no one hears your call for help, is there communication?there communication?

NO…….Communication involves the sender, message and RECEIVER!

Communication Communication Technology…Technology…

The use of knowledge, skill, tools The use of knowledge, skill, tools machines and materials to enhance machines and materials to enhance communication through the communication through the development and use of development and use of communication devicescommunication devices

QUESTION:QUESTION: Is face to face communication part of Is face to face communication part of

communication technology?communication technology?

Feedback in a Feedback in a Communication System?Communication System?

Examples:Examples: The clarity of a message as received The clarity of a message as received Neilsen Ratings for Television showsNeilsen Ratings for Television shows Video games-each move you make is Video games-each move you make is

indicated on the screenindicated on the screen

Communication System…Communication System…Closed LoopClosed Loop

Sender Message Receiver

Feedback

Involves a plan, or route, to take your message to its receiver.

Let’s Think about Let’s Think about NewspapersNewspapers

What are Inputs?What are Inputs? What are the Processes?What are the Processes? What are the outputs?What are the outputs?

Types of Communication Types of Communication Systems…Systems…

Different Ways to move a message Different Ways to move a message from one location to another:from one location to another: Biological Communication:Biological Communication: Graphic Communication:Graphic Communication: Wave Communication:Wave Communication: Telecommunication:Telecommunication:

What is Biological What is Biological Communication?Communication?

It is NOT part of technologyIt is NOT part of technology Communication exists outside of Communication exists outside of

technologytechnology Includes all forms of Includes all forms of

communication that use natural communication that use natural body parts to transmit and body parts to transmit and receive messagesreceive messages

What is Graphic What is Graphic Communication?Communication?

Graphic Communication-includes all Graphic Communication-includes all forms of communication that send forms of communication that send and receive messages visually and receive messages visually though the use of stationary pictures though the use of stationary pictures and symbols.and symbols.

QUESTION: Is a motion picture part QUESTION: Is a motion picture part of graphic communication? WAVE of graphic communication? WAVE communication-graphic is stationary communication-graphic is stationary onlyonly

QUESTIONS:QUESTIONS:

What four elements must exist for What four elements must exist for communication to take place? Why communication to take place? Why is each one necessary?is each one necessary?

What is biological communication?What is biological communication? What is graphic communication?What is graphic communication?

What is Wave What is Wave Communication?Communication?

Wave Communication - refers to all Wave Communication - refers to all forms of communication that have their forms of communication that have their messages carried by energy sources messages carried by energy sources that move through air, water, outer that move through air, water, outer space, or solids in a wave form.space, or solids in a wave form.

Signals that carry messages are made of:Signals that carry messages are made of:

Sound, electrical or light wavesSound, electrical or light waves

QUESTION: What was the earliest form QUESTION: What was the earliest form of wave communication? of wave communication?

What is What is Telecommunication?Telecommunication?

Telecommunication is the method of Telecommunication is the method of communicating over long distancescommunicating over long distances

IncludesIncludes::

Communications

Mrs. DavisFOET

4 Basic Design Principals Proximity-Items relating to each other should

be grouped close together. When several items are close together they become one visual unit rather than several separate unit.

Alignment-Every element should have some visual connection with another element on the page.

Repetition-repeat visual elements of the design throughout the piece

Contrast-avoid elements on the page that are merely similar

Proximity Examples…Reilly Pickett (717)555-1212

TOAD HALL

916 Old River Road Red River, NM

Reilly Pickett (717)555-1212

TOAD HALL


Where does your eye begin reading? Where does it end? Do you know what is on this card?

Question About Business Card…

What was the business name? What was the person’s name? What state were they from?

Better Design….?

TOAD HALLReilly Pickett

916 Old River RoadRed River, NM

(717)555-1212

What makes this design better?

-Grouping related elements together…is there any question about where you begin to read this card and where you end?

Alignment Examples…

Reilly Pickett (717)555-1212

TOAD HALL


Elements look as if they were just thrown on and stuck. No connection between them

More Alignment Examples…



(717)555-1212

By moving all the elements over to the right and giving them one alignment, the information is more organized. The text items now have a common boundary.

Alignment of Text…

This text is flush left. It is left aligned.

This text is flush right. It is right

aligned.

This text is centered. If you

are going to center text,

make it obvious.

Justified is when both the left and right sides line up due to the addition of additional spaces between words . This Can be very difficult to read in paragraph form. Don’t do this unless your line length is long enough to avoid awkward gaps between the words.

Text Alignment Examples

Robert BurnsPoems in ScotsAnd English

The mostComplete edition

Available of Scotland’s greatest

Lyric poet.

The title and the subtitle are flush left, but the description is centered-there is no common alignment between the two elements of text. They don’t have any connection to each other.

Another Text Alignment Example

Robert BurnsPoems in ScotsAnd English

The mostComplete edition

Available of Scotland’s greatest

Lyric poet.

Although these two elements still have two different alignments (the top is flush left and the bottom is flush right), the edge of the descriptive text below aligns with the right edge of the title above, connection the elements with an invisible line. This was not an accident!

Repetition…



(717)555-1212

When you get to the end of the information, does your eye just wander off the card?



(717)555-1212

Do you find that your eye bounces back and forth between the bold type elements on this one?

Contrast

The Rules of Life

Your attitude is your life

Maximize your options

Never take anything too seriously.

Or………

The Rules of Life

Your attitude is your life

Maximize your options

Never take anything too seriously.

This entire table appears stronger, why?

Graphic Communication – TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION

Isolating Design Solutions Using Graphic Communication

Detailing Design Solutions Rough and refined sketches do not

communicate actual size, which is why a detailed sketch is made.

Detailed sketches provide information about size, location, and geometry, making it easier to develop a model.

Pictorial sketches refine even more. There are three kinds: oblique,

isometric, and perspective.

Isometric Sketches

Isometric sketches are made in four major steps.

Perspective Sketches There are three

major types of perspective, as seen in the figure to the right.

The position of the horizon can also produce various views.

Chapter 12

Communicating Design Solutions

Learning Objectives

List the three basic documents through which designers communicate product information.

Identify the three types of engineering drawings.

Describe a computer-aided design system.

Learning Objectives

Identify the information found on a bill of materials.

Identify the information found on a specification sheet.

Name the types of reports used to gain approval for designed products.

Introduction

Communicating design solutions is a key element in technology.

Documents and reports are used to specify details and obtain approval for the solution.

(Ohio Art Company)

Product Documents and Reports

Those making the product must know the materials, size, shape, and the assembly process of each part.

Such information can be found in engineering drawings, bills of materials, and specification sheets.

Engineering Drawings Three types of

engineering drawings are commonly used.

They show the information on parts, the assembly of the product, and the systems and their relationships with the parts.

Detail DrawingsDetail drawings show specifications of objects

through multiview methods.

Multiview Drawings The number of views drawn depends

on how complex the part or product is. The most common views are

one-view drawings, two-view drawings, and three-view drawings.

The drawings should communicate all the information needed to make the part.

Preparing Multiview Drawings Orthographic projection is used for

multiview drawings. Before beginning, drafters select a

surface to be the front view. The surface that has the most detail to

ensure the fewest details are hidden. There are many steps involved in

creating precise and clear views of the product.

Dimensioning Drawings Size dimensions, location dimensions,

and geometry dimensions are depicted in detail drawings.

Dimensioning uses two kinds of lines: extension lines and dimension lines.

Dimensions shown near the center of the dimension lines may be given in fractions or decimals of an inch.

A tolerance may also be included.

Alphabet of Lines for Drawings A set of drafting

standards has been set in order to make sure certain drawings are understandable.

One such set of rules is the alphabet of lines.

Assembly DrawingsThere are two types of assembly drawings:

(General Motors Corp.)

Assembly Drawings Either type of

assembly drawing may be a standard view or an exploded view.

Exploded views are usually shown in owner’s manuals and parts books.

Most assembly drawings do not have dimensions.

(General Motors Corp.)

Systems Drawings

Systems drawings or schematic drawings are not drawn to show position of parts on a product.

Instead, their focus is on connections in systems.

These drawings use symbols to represent parts.

Computer-Aided Design Drawings and models may be

prepared using computer-aided design (CAD) software.

CAD systems are quicker and produce more uniform drawings.

CAD drawings can also be sent anywhere in the world quickly via the Internet.

Bills of MaterialsA bill of materials usually contains a part number,

name, size, and material out of which it is made.

Specification Sheets Specification sheets describe

properties that cannot be drawn such as physical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, acoustical, and optical properties.

There are two types of specification sheets: Technical data sheets and sheets made by

large organizations and manufacturers, like the military.

Sample Specification Sheet

Approval Documents and Reports

Written and oral reports are made to gain approval for the product.

These reports might include need statements, marketing strategies, graphs, and illustrations.

Chapter 11

Evaluating Design Solutions

Modeling Design Solutions A model or simulation allows us

to reduce complex mechanisms and events into an easily understood form.

All models can be grouped into three areas: Graphic models. Mathematical models. Physical models.

Graphic Models Graphic models (conceptual drawings,

graphs, models, charts, and diagrams) are used to explore ideas for components and systems. Conceptual models are used to study,

modify, and improve the product. Graphs are used for organization. Charts are useful in selecting and sequencing

tasks. Diagrams are used for clearer communication

of the components’ interactions.

Mathematical Models Mathematical models are used

to simplify relationships. Voltage, amperage, resistance: E=IR. Force to move an object: Work=Force

x Distance. Chemical reactions in a battery:

dischargePbO2+Pb+2H2SO4=2PbSO4+2H2O

charge.

Physical Models There are two types

of physical models: Mock-ups and

prototypes. Mock-ups are used to

evaluate styling, balance, and color but are not made of the final material.

Prototypes use the final or a substitute material and are either full-size or to scale.

(DaimlerChrysler)

Computer Models Three types of computer models

can be produced: Wire frame, surface, and solid. These computer models are used to

test appearance, color, movement, and even strength.

Some programs can even simulate airflow in buildings to help develop heating and cooling systems.

Analyzing the Design Five types of

design analysis are usually applied: Functional analysis. Specification

analysis. Human factors

analysis. Market analysis. Economic analysis.

(GM-Rochester)

Functional Analysis Evaluates the degree to which the

product meets its goal. Concerned with operation under

different conditions. Can it withstand use in certain

environments, under different working conditions, and with natural wear and tear?

Specification Analysis Every product must meet certain

specifications, from size to strength. The goal is to produce an economical,

efficient, and durable product that will operate properly and safely.

Specifications also relate to the material and manufacturing processes to be used.

Human Factors Analysis Artifacts and

structures are made with human use in mind.

The science of ergonomics is taken into account. As in designing

flight decks for easy reach and comfort.

(Airbus Industries)

Market and Economic Analysis Market analysis takes into account who

is buying the product and what will make the product attractive to them.

Economic analysis goes along with market analysis because the manufacturers want to make as much of a profit as possible.

Cost of development, production, and marketing is taken into account.

Redesigning Products and Structures Problems in the

original design must be solved.

New models will be built and evaluated until an acceptable product or structure emerges.

Old products will also need redesigning.

Communications In Engineering/Information Communication Mrs. Davis Fall 2003 Engineering...

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