Communication: Speech Disorders and AACsonify.psych.gatech.edu/~walkerb/...SpeechIssues.pdf ·...
Transcript of Communication: Speech Disorders and AACsonify.psych.gatech.edu/~walkerb/...SpeechIssues.pdf ·...
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Communication:SpeechDisordersandAAC
StanleyJ.CantrellPSYCH8040
February22,2017
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Outline
• BasicsofCommunication• IntrotoAAC• TypesofDisordersand/orConditions• TypesofAACTechnologies
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Whatiscommunication?
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Communication• aprocessbywhichinformationisexchangedbetweenindividualsthroughacommonsystemofsymbols,signs,orbehavior(Merriam-Webster)
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• Sender=communicator• Encoder=meansoftransmission• Channel=medium• Decoder=meansofreceptions• Receiver=recipient
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Sender Encoder Channel Decoder ReceiverPeter Microphone, Internet Monitor, Lois
Keyboard,etc. Speakers,etc.------->------>----------->-------- “Buymorebeer!”------>---------->--------->
(Message)
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Sender Encoder Channel Decoder ReceiverPeter Microphone, Internet Monitor, Lois
Keyboard,etc. Speakers,etc.------->------>----------->-------- “Buymorebeer!”------>---------->--------->
(Message)
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Sender Encoder Channel Decoder ReceiverPeter Speech,Gestures, Air Eyes,Ears, Lois
BodyLang.,etc. (Nose), etc.------->------>----------->-------- “Buymorebeer!”------>---------->--------->
(Message)
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Sender Encoder Channel Decoder ReceiverPeter Speech,Gestures, Air Eyes,Ears, Lois
BodyLang.,etc. (Nose), etc.------->------>----------->-------- “Buymorebeer!”------>---------->--------->
(Message)
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Whattoolsdoyouusetocommunicate?
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Howdothosetools“affect”yourabilitytocommunicate
effectively?
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AAC,AugmentativeandAlternativeCommunication• AACis:• asetoftoolsandstrategiesthatanindividualusestosolveeverydaycommunicativechallenges• AnareaofclinicalpracticethataimstoassistpeoplewithComplexCommunicationNeeds(CCN)
• AACtechnologiesareoftendesignedtohelpindividualswithseverespeechimpairments• Majororganizations:ISAAC,ASHA
“Communicationistheveryessenceofbeinghuman…”– Cook&Polgar
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TypesofAACSystems
• Unaided:• Bodylanguage,facialexpressions,gesturing,signing,gazing,etc.• Highlycultural,highlycontextual,highlydependentonphysicalcapabilities• Noexternalresources
• *Youtube Video
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TypesofAACSystems
• Aided:• Penorpencil,flashcards,pictures,laserpointer,computer,cellphone,speechgenerationdevice(SGD)• Externalresources,oftenhigh-tech,oftenexpensive,mayrequireconsultationwithaSpeech-LanguagePathologist
• *YouTubevideo
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DisordersandConditions
• CerebralPalsy• AutismSpectrumDisorders• Developmentallanguagedelays• Traumaticbraininjury• Progressiveneurologicaldisorders,suchasALS• Stroke• Certaingeneticdisorders• Ataxia• dyspraxia• Aphasia
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DisordersandConditions
• CerebralPalsy• AutismSpectrumDisorders• Developmentallanguagedelays• Traumaticbraininjury• Progressiveneurologicaldisorders,suchasALS• Stroke• Certaingeneticdisorders• Ataxia• Dyspraxia• Aphasia
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CerebralPalsy
• Anumbrellatermthatreferstonon-progressiveneurologicaldisordersthatoccurwhilethechild’sbrainisunderdevelopment
• Cerebral=Cerebrum,Palsy=Paralysis• Theresultingparalysisofcertainbodypartsduetobraindamage
• Cerebralpalsyisthemostcommonchildhoodphysicaldisability,nearly764,000peopleintheU.S. have CP
• CPisalife-longcondition• CPaffectseachindividualdifferently• CPisanon-progressivedisorder
• 4typesofCP:• Spastic(70%),Athetoid/dyskinetic (10%),Ataxic(10%),Mixed(10%)
• SymptomsofCPinclude:• variationsinmuscletone• stiffmuscles• Exaggeratedreflexes• lackofcoordination• Tremors• difficultyeating• difficultyproducingspeech• seizures
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Autism• Autism,orautismspectrumdisorder,referstoabroadrangeofconditionscharacterizedbychallengeswithsocialskills,repetitivebehaviors,speechandnonverbalcommunication
• Theterm“spectrum”reflectsthewidevariationinchallenges
• CDCestimatesautism’sprevalenceas1in68childrenintheUnitedStates• Thisincludes1in42boysand1in189girls
• Aroundonethirdofpeoplewithautismremainnonverbal.
• Aroundonethirdofpeoplewithautismhaveanintellectualdisability.
• Possiblesignsinclude(infancy):• nosocialsmilesorotherwarm,joyful
expressionsdirectedatpeople• limitedornoeyecontact• nouseofgesturestocommunicate• nowords
• Possiblesignsinclude(anyage):• Struggleswithunderstandingotherpeople’s
feelings• Avoidseyecontactandpreferstobealone• Remainsnonverbalorhasdelayedlanguage
development• Performsrepetitivebehaviorssuchasflapping,
rockingorspinning• Hasunusualandoftenintensereactionsto
sounds,smells,tastes,textures,lightsand/orcolors
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Dysarthria
• Dysarthria isamotorspeechdisorderthatresultsfromimpairedmovementofthemusclesusedforspeechproduction(lips,tongue,vocalfolds,anddiaphragm)• Canbecausedbynervoussystemdisordersorbyconditionsthatcausefacial/toungue/muscleparalysis• Treatmentisdirectedattreatingtheunderlyingcauseoftheconditionwhenpossible• Speechtherapymayhelpimprovespeech
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ThankYou!