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    COMMUNICATION

    MODELS

    Most advertisements help in producingpsychological effectsand can help in changing onlythe mental states of audiences and predisposethem toward purchase of advertised product or

    service.Advertising is essentiallya formof communicationand its basic responsibility is to deliver the desiredinformation to the targeted audience.

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    AIDA MODEL

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    The Lavidge-SteinerThe Lavidge-SteinerLearning ModelLearning Model

    Awareness

    Knowledge

    Liking

    Preference

    Conviction

    Purchase

    Begins withBegins withAwarenessAwarenessMoves toMoves toConvictionConviction

    andand urchaseurchase

    NOTE: Process may beNOTE: Process may bequite rapid and youquite rapid and youmay try before beingmay try before beingtotally convincedtotally convinced

    !ow people "learn# ads!ow people "learn# ads

    avidge!"teiner earning Modelavidge!"teiner earning Model

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    A number of hierarchy models have been roosed! One version of

    hierarchy model develoed by "ober# Lavid$e and %ary S#einer &i$ure!

    The social sycholo$ical #heory and #he model includes si' s#a$es!

    Awareness, knowledge, liking, preference, conviction, and

    purchase!

    The ne'# #hree s#a$es( li)in$( reference and convic#ion reresen# #he

    aective comonen# *feelin$+ of a##i#ude( and #he las# s#a$e in #he model(

    urchase( reresen#s #he conative or behavioural comonen# of

    a##i#ude!

    The dis#ance be#,een any #,o ad-oinin$ s#es is no# necessarily e.ual!

    Consumers can move u several s#es in one $o! The consumer/s level of

    involvemen# in a ar#icular roduc# ca#e$ory in0uences her1his a#h

    #hrou$h #he s#es! In case of hi$h involvemen# si#ua#ions( consumers #a)e

    lon$er #o $o #hrou$h #he rocess!The research reveals #ha# hierarchymodels do no# aly #o lo, involvemen# urchases because #he

    consumer/s lac) of in#eres# in #he roduc# ca#e$ory may lead #he

    consumer #o becomin$ a,are af#er ayin$ a##en#ion and ma)e urchase!

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    Models of the $esponse rocess

    Source: 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin

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    #ON#$"%ONvarious e%amples of hierarchical response models that havebeen developed through the years to depict the stagesconsumers&customers go through as they learn about a

    company's product or service and move to a stage of purchasereadiness or actual behavior. These four models include(

    ) A*+A model ) developed to depict the stages in the personalselling process

    ) !ierarchy of effects model ) shows the process by whichadvertising wor,s

    ) *nnovation adoption model ) shows the stages a consumerspasses through in the process of adopting a new product

    ) *nformation processing model ) a model of the processthrough which a consumer must pass to be influenced byadvertising