COMMUNICATION MEDIA

COMMUNICATION MEDIA

Presentation on

What is the requirement of communication in CIM and how communication media forms a part of communication?

CIM requires the engineering and manufacturing information be communicated to proper points within the operation.Communication comprises of :Representation of data.The medium (through which data flows).Networking (of the devices).COMMUNICATION MEDIA

Communication media includes: wire communication path microwave fiber-optic cable satellite

MEDIUMA medium is that through which data is transmitted and the medium links the sender with the receiver .

WIRE COMMUNICATION PATH (OR GUIDED MEDIA) -Open Wires : They have no covering and are usually attached to ceramic insulators fixed on poles. They are suitable for low traffic (data rates) only.Twisted Cables : In this copper wire insulated from each other are twisted in pairs . The twisting Minimizes the effect of electro-magnetic interference.The electro-magnetic field from one wire counterbalances the field from the other wire.

WIRE COMMUNICATION PATH These twisted pair wires can be of two types-Shielded (conductive material) : the cables are shielded from electro-magnetic interference in both directions from inside as well as outside.Insulated (non- conductive material) : the cables are provided with plastic casing . It is not a shield but insulation against electric shock.3. Coaxial Cables : As the name indicates in this the copper conductor and outer covering have same axis with insulator and shield provided in between along it. These can be categorize as:Thin coaxial : lighter version and thin ethernet cable.Thick coaxial : original version and standard ethernet cable.

3. Coaxial Cable1.2.

CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATION OF TWISTED CABLES Cheap Easy to install. Compared to coaxial cables, twisted pair wires have a lower bandwidth. Extensively used in Phone lines telecommunication LANs.

A LAN to be configured with twisted pair requires a hub a hub implementation is prefered because it is easy to install and manage.

CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATION OF COAXIAL CABLES. Relatively cheap compared to fiber-optic cables. Wider bandwidth compared to twisted pair wires. Good transmission characteristics. Used in high-speed synchronous transmission. Supports broadband communication. Can be tapped for multi-drop connection. Avoid the risk of crosstalk since they have a grounded shield around the conductor. Used in : Ethernet bus LANs , Telephone trunks , mainframe networks and cable TVs.

FIBER OPTIC CABLEIn this , a strand of glass with a diameter as thin as that of human hair is used to transmit data. It can carry high bandwidth signals, since it is immune to noise and distortion. Light travels along the path of the fiber by bouncing around its edges. Its types are : - Regular glass fibers. - Plastic fiber cable.Plastic fiber cables are cheaper than glass fiber cables.

Propagation methods used in it are:1.Multi-mode step index.2. Single mode.3. Multi-mode graded index.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBER OPTIC CABLEVery broad bandwidth.Higher transmission speeds are possible.Signals travel a longer distance.No Electro-magnetic field - No interference. - Signals are difficult to tap.Smaller size - Multiple fiber strands can be included in a cable of very small diameter.Purer the fibers the better the transmission characteristics.

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION It uses very high frequency radio waves in the range of 4.6-12.0 GHz.

Propagation - Over space. - Requires line-of-sight at high frequencies the waves tend to behave like light waves .

CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROWAVEAdvantages - Cable laying is not required.Disadvantages - Can easily be tapped. - Encryption is one way of securing the data from eavesdropping. - Repeater is used every 30 miles to transmit to next receiving station.Application Areas - used extensively for telecommunications. - LAN used for wireless connections. - WANs benefit from microwave.

Satellites work as relay stations. A device called transponder receives signals at one frequency and transmits them at another frequency to avoid interference with the incoming signals.It requires line-of-sight propagation. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Telecommunications - especially for inter-continental communication. TV broadcast - usage is increasing Navigation and other similar local applications GPS Manufacturing companies engaged in world wide operations use satellite communication to implement CIM.

The influencing factors involved are : COST ERROR RATE SECURITY SPEED For CIM, coaxial cables provide a balance between cost and benefits, though fiber-optic cables are the medium of the future.CHOICE OF COMMUNICATION MEDIA

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