Communication In Our Lives, Fifth EditionCommunication In Our Lives, Fifth Editionby Julia T. Woodsby Julia T. Woods

Chapter 8Chapter 8

Foundations of Foundations of Interpersonal Interpersonal CommunicationCommunication

Foundations of Foundations of Interpersonal Interpersonal CommunicationCommunication

Interpersonal ClimateInterpersonal Climate The overall feeling between The overall feeling between

people that arises largely out of people that arises largely out of the ways people communicate the ways people communicate with each otherwith each other

Self-disclosureSelf-disclosure

Revealing personal information Revealing personal information about ourselves that others are about ourselves that others are unlikely to discover on their ownunlikely to discover on their own

The Johari WindowThe Johari Window

Self-disclosure and ClosenessSelf-disclosure and Closeness Should take place gradually and Should take place gradually and

with cautionwith caution

Disclosures are more frequent Disclosures are more frequent early in relationshipsearly in relationships

Fosters trust and comfortFosters trust and comfort

When closeness declines, so do When closeness declines, so do disclosuresdisclosures

Levels of Confirmation and DisconfirmationLevels of Confirmation and Disconfirmation

RecognitionRecognition AcknowledgmentAcknowledgment EndorsementEndorsement

Defensive and Supportive ClimatesDefensive and Supportive Climates DefensiveDefensive

evaluationevaluation certaintycertainty strategystrategy controlcontrol neutralityneutrality superioritysuperiority

SupportiveSupportive descriptiondescription provisionalismprovisionalism spontaneityspontaneity problem orientationproblem orientation empathyempathy equalityequality

Evaluation versus DescriptionEvaluation versus Description EvaluationEvaluation

judgments, judgments, value termsvalue terms

““You” languageYou” language

““This report is This report is poorly done.”poorly done.”

DescriptionDescription describe behavior describe behavior

without judgmentwithout judgment ““I” languageI” language

““This report This report doesn’t include doesn’t include background background information.”information.”

Certainty versus ProvisionalismCertainty versus Provisionalism CertaintyCertainty

absolute, absolute, dogmaticdogmatic

ethnocentrismethnocentrism

““You’re making You’re making a big mistake by a big mistake by purchasing that purchasing that boat.”boat.”

ProvisionalismProvisionalism tentativenesstentativeness open to other points open to other points

of viewof view

““Perhaps you Perhaps you should look a should look a little more before little more before you settle for a you settle for a boat that boat that expensive.”expensive.”

Strategy versus SpontaneityStrategy versus Spontaneity StrategyStrategy

pre-planned goal, pre-planned goal, hidden agendahidden agenda

manipulationmanipulation

““Remember Remember when I helped when I helped you with your you with your math last math last term?”term?”

SpontaneitySpontaneity open, honest, open, honest,

uncontriveduncontrived

““I really need I really need your help with your help with this computer this computer glitch”glitch”

Control versus Problem OrientationControl versus Problem Orientation ControlControl

dominancedominance

““If you come If you come home late home late again, you’re again, you’re grounded.”grounded.”

Problem Problem orientationorientation find answers that find answers that

satisfy everyonesatisfy everyone

““Is there Is there anything you can anything you can do differently so do differently so that you get that you get home on time?”home on time?”

Neutrality versus EmpathyNeutrality versus Empathy NeutralityNeutrality

lack of concernlack of concern detached, detached,

withdrawnwithdrawn

““I don't care I don't care what your what your problems are, problems are, get this job get this job done by the end done by the end of the day.”of the day.”

EmpathyEmpathy involvedinvolved seeks seeks

understandingunderstanding

““What difficulties What difficulties would you would you encounter if you encounter if you tried to complete tried to complete this job today?”this job today?”

Superiority versus EqualitySuperiority versus Equality SuperioritySuperiority

““one up” attitudeone up” attitude

““Eat everything Eat everything on your plate on your plate because I’m the because I’m the mom and I say mom and I say so.”so.”

EqualityEquality respectrespect equivalent statusequivalent status

““Perhaps we Perhaps we have a problem have a problem here; can we here; can we work it out?”work it out?”

ConflictConflict

Conflict exits when people who Conflict exits when people who depend on each other have depend on each other have different views, interests, or different views, interests, or goals and perceive their goals and perceive their differences as incompatibledifferences as incompatible

Conflict in RelationshipsConflict in Relationships Conflict may be overt or covertConflict may be overt or covert

overtovert People express differences in a straightforward People express differences in a straightforward

mannermanner

covertcovert Partners deny or camouflage disagreement or Partners deny or camouflage disagreement or

anger and express it indirectlyanger and express it indirectly

Conflict in Relationships (cont’d)

Conflict in Relationships (cont’d)

Conflict may be managed well or Conflict may be managed well or poorlypoorly Conflicts of interestConflicts of interest Conflict orientationConflict orientation Conflict responsesConflict responses Conflict outcomesConflict outcomes

The Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect ModelThe Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect Model

Conflict in Relationships (cont’d)

Conflict in Relationships (cont’d)

Conflict reflects and expresses Conflict reflects and expresses cultures and social communitiescultures and social communities

Conflict may be good for Conflict may be good for individuals and relationshipsindividuals and relationships

Sustaining Healthy ClimatesSustaining Healthy Climates Actively use communication to Actively use communication to

shape climatesshape climates

Accept and confirm othersAccept and confirm others

Accept and confirm yourselfAccept and confirm yourself

Self-disclose when appropriateSelf-disclose when appropriate

Respect diversity in relationshipsRespect diversity in relationships closeness in dialoguecloseness in dialogue closeness in the doingcloseness in the doing

WebsitesWebsites

Businessballs.comBusinessballs.com: The : The JohariJohari Window Window

Interpersonal Communication RuInterpersonal Communication Rubricbric

The Online Journal of Peace and The Online Journal of Peace and Conflict ResolutionConflict Resolution

MentalHealth.netMentalHealth.net: Assertiveness Training: Assertiveness Training

More WebsitesMore Websites

FAQS About Workplace ConflictFAQS About Workplace Conflict Centre for Conflict Resolution InternationalCentre for Conflict Resolution International

Communicating With and About PCommunicating With and About People with Disabilitieseople with Disabilities

U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Disability U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Disability Employment PolicyEmployment Policy

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