Communication Equipment in Emergencies - PAHO
Transcript of Communication Equipment in Emergencies - PAHO
2009
Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
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Communication Equipment in Emergencies Communication Equipment in Emergencies
2009
Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
Communication devicesCommunication devices
Satellite devices
HF radios
VHF / UHF radios
GPS / Google Earth Pro possibilities
Satellite devices
HF radios
VHF / UHF radios
GPS / Google Earth Pro possibilities
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Satellite communicationSatellite communication
• Iridium network• Thuraya network• Mini-m• Voice and data• Pro and contras
• Iridium network• Thuraya network• Mini-m• Voice and data• Pro and contras
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IridiumIridium
• 66 satellites• 6 orbital planes• 11 satellites / orbital plane• Inter-satellite cross links• 48 spot beams /satellite• Global network
• 66 satellites• 6 orbital planes• 11 satellites / orbital plane• Inter-satellite cross links• 48 spot beams /satellite• Global network
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Iridium Coverage MapIridium Coverage Map
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Iridium (cont)Iridium (cont)
• Bigger than Thurayas• Only truly global satellite phone• Do not have GSM• Do not have GPS• Can be used for data … slow and problems of
synchronization • Easy to use - like a GSM
• Bigger than Thurayas• Only truly global satellite phone• Do not have GSM• Do not have GPS• Can be used for data … slow and problems of
synchronization• Easy to use - like a GSM
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Thuraya Coverage MapThuraya Coverage Map
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ThurayaThuraya• Doesn’t work in our area (Americas), only in Europe, Asia &
Africa • Small pocket satellite phone• Possibility to use the GSM • GPS• Relatively cheap• Thuraya to Thuraya < 1 usd / min• Data connection with cable but slow (9.6 kbps)
• Doesn’t work in our area (Americas), only in Europe, Asia & Africa
• Small pocket satellite phone• Possibility to use the GSM • GPS• Relatively cheap• Thuraya to Thuraya < 1 usd / min• Data connection with cable but slow (9.6 kbps)
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Inmarsat - Data communicationInmarsat - Data communication• Services are based on GEOSTATIONARY satellites situated
above the equator • Each Satellite covers a certain area• Different devices using this network
– Mini-m– Nera– Bgan: Explorer 500 and Hughes 9201– V-Sat
• Services are based on GEOSTATIONARY satellites situated above the equator
• Each Satellite covers a certain area• Different devices using this network
– Mini-m– Nera– Bgan: Explorer 500 and Hughes 9201– V-Sat
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Inmarsat Coverage MapInmarsat Coverage Map
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Inmarsat Capsat Mini-m & NeraInmarsat Capsat Mini-m & Nera
• Mini m Capsat, mainly for voice• Old devices, data transfer very slow (2,4 kbps)• Calling charges higher than other satellite phones• Advantage: removable lid antenna which can be placed outside for good
reception
• Mini m Capsat, mainly for voice• Old devices, data transfer very slow (2,4 kbps)• Calling charges higher than other satellite phones• Advantage: removable lid antenna which can be placed outside for good
reception
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BGan: BGan:
• BGAN: Broadband Global Area Network– Mobile satellite service– Provides high speed data (492 kbps)– Voice telephony– E-mails and internet access
• BGAN: Broadband Global Area Network– Mobile satellite service– Provides high speed data (492 kbps)– Voice telephony– E-mails and internet access
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Hughes 9201, T&T Explorer 500Hughes 9201, T&T Explorer 500
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Techn. Specif. T&T Explorer 500:Techn. Specif. T&T Explorer 500:
• Broadband mobile terminal: 1.4 kg• Integrated antenna• Provides high speed data and voice communication via the
Bgan • Advantages
– Immediate deployment (no need of computer for voice)– Ideal for 2 people sharing the bandwidth– Provide e-mail & internet– Data speed up to 464 kbps with share bandwidth– Constant streaming rate at 128 kbps– Recommended as part of the Personal Kit Advanced
• Broadband mobile terminal: 1.4 kg• Integrated antenna• Provides high speed data and voice communication via the
Bgan• Advantages
– Immediate deployment (no need of computer for voice)– Ideal for 2 people sharing the bandwidth– Provide e-mail & internet– Data speed up to 464 kbps with share bandwidth– Constant streaming rate at 128 kbps– Recommended as part of the Personal Kit Advanced
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Technical specifications Hughes 9201
Technical specifications Hughes 9201
• Simultaneous voice & data over bgan• Standard IP Data: Up to 492 kbps (send & receive)• Streaming IP Data: up to 256 kbps• 2.8 kg, size of a portable computer• Ethernet enable and WIFI (Wireless Lan 802.11 access )• Recommended as part of the initial Response Field Kit to
share with up to 5 field workers
• Simultaneous voice & data over bgan• Standard IP Data: Up to 492 kbps (send & receive)• Streaming IP Data: up to 256 kbps• 2.8 kg, size of a portable computer• Ethernet enable and WIFI (Wireless Lan 802.11 access )• Recommended as part of the initial Response Field Kit to
share with up to 5 field workers
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Longer term possibilitiesLonger term possibilities
• Vsat: “Very Small Aperture Terminal”– Transportable satellite dedicated link solution– For office up to 30 staff
• Internet access• Intranet/extranet• Virtual Private Network (VPN)• Voice/fax• Video teleconferencing…
• Vsat: “Very Small Aperture Terminal”– Transportable satellite dedicated link solution– For office up to 30 staff
• Internet access• Intranet/extranet• Virtual Private Network (VPN)• Voice/fax• Video teleconferencing…
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Vsat (cont)Vsat (cont)
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HF, VHF & UHF radiosHF, VHF & UHF radios
• HF: High Frequency• VHF: Very High Frequency• UHF: Ultra High Frequency
• Once bought, the communication with these devices is FREE
• Security wise, the communication is always possible (while satellite access can be stopped)
• HF: High Frequency• VHF: Very High Frequency• UHF: Ultra High Frequency
• Once bought, the communication with these devices is FREE
• Security wise, the communication is always possible (while satellite access can be stopped)
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Radio WavesRadio Waves
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VHF & UHF radio wavesVHF & UHF radio waves
• Direct wave• Short distance maximum 40 km if no obstacle• Clear communication, no delay in reception• Cost reduced compared to HF radios
• Direct wave• Short distance maximum 40 km if no obstacle• Clear communication, no delay in reception• Cost reduced compared to HF radios
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Different VHF & UHF devices usedDifferent VHF & UHF devices used• Handset: Motorola GP 380
– Typical power 5 Watt– Limited range– Built-in rechargeable batteries– TIP: NiCad batteries have MEMORY EFFECT -
regularly unloaded them fully for extended life, ideally good to have 2 batteries
– TIP: NEVER TAKE THE HANDSET BY THE ANTENNA !!!
• Handset: Motorola GP 380– Typical power 5 Watt– Limited range– Built-in rechargeable batteries– TIP: NiCad batteries have MEMORY EFFECT -
regularly unloaded them fully for extended life, ideally good to have 2 batteries
– TIP: NEVER TAKE THE HANDSET BY THE ANTENNA !!!
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Different VHF & UHF devices (cont)
Different VHF & UHF devices (cont)
• Mobile station– Used in vehicles– 12v car battery powered– External antenna on top of vehicle– TIP:
• Mobile station– Used in vehicles– 12v car battery powered– External antenna on top of vehicle– TIP:
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Different VHF & UHF devices (cont)
Different VHF & UHF devices (cont)
• Base station:– High power– Installed in radio room– 12 V battery powered– High positioned antenna
• Base station:– High power– Installed in radio room– 12 V battery powered– High positioned antenna
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GPS: Global Positioning System
GPS: Global Positioning System
GPS is funded and controlled by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
While there are many thousands of civil users of GPS world- wide, the system was designed for and is operated by the U.S. military.
GPS is funded and controlled by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
While there are many thousands of civil users of GPS world- wide, the system was designed for and is operated by the U.S. military.
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System LimitationsSystem Limitations
• Intended error (Department of Defense)• Has to be used with clear and unobstructed view of the sky
– Buildings– Trees (rain forest, jungle, …)– Clouds– Dust (sand storm, ash from volcanic eruption, …)
• Altitude
• Intended error (Department of Defense)• Has to be used with clear and unobstructed view of the sky
– Buildings– Trees (rain forest, jungle, …)– Clouds– Dust (sand storm, ash from volcanic eruption, …)
• Altitude
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PED exploitationPED exploitation
• Positioning (security, health centers)
• Navigation (go to)
• Mapping (refugees camp, affected areas)
• Relief profile (water source)
• Positioning (security, health centers)
• Navigation (go to)
• Mapping (refugees camp, affected areas)
• Relief profile (water source)
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Getting startedGetting started
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Acquiring satellites
Just wait ….
Acquiring satellites
Just wait ….
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• Accuracy
• Coordinates
• Satellites status
• Accuracy
• Coordinates
• Satellites status
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Important SetupImportant Setup
• The World Geodetic System WGS84 (or WGS1984) defines a reference frame for the earth.
• Latitude (Horizontal N or S from 0 to 90°)Ref = Equator
• Longitude (vertical E or W from 0 to 180°)ref = Greenwich (UK)
Hddd°mm’ss.s’’
• The World Geodetic System WGS84 (or WGS1984) defines a reference frame for the earth.
• Latitude (Horizontal N or S from 0 to 90°)Ref = Equator
• Longitude (vertical E or W from 0 to 180°)ref = Greenwich (UK)
Hddd°mm’ss.s’’
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Access the main menu by repeatedly pushing the “rocker key” (page)
Scroll down to “setup”
“Enter” (push the scrolling button)
Access the main menu by repeatedly pushing the “rocker key” (page)
Scroll down to “setup”
“Enter” (push the scrolling button)
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Scroll down to “Units”
“Enter”
Scroll down to “Units”
“Enter”
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Enter on “Position format”
“Enter”
Enter on “Position format”
“Enter”
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Scroll down the menu to “hddd°mm’ss.s’’
“Enter”
Scroll down the menu to Scroll down the menu to ““hddd°mm’ss.s’’’’
“Enter”
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“Enter” on “Map Datum”
Choose “WGS 84”
“Enter”
“Enter” on “Map Datum”
Choose “WGS 84”
“Enter”
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CONFIGURED
Push repeatedly the “page button”
CONFIGURED
Push repeatedly the “page button”
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Until the satellite status screen
To “mark” (record) your current position, push and hold the “rocker key”
Until the satellite status screen
To “mark” (record) your current position, push and hold the “rocker key”
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Current position isN 12°07’04.2’’W 068°57’58.8’’
To record, “enter”
Current position isN 12°07’04.2’’W 068°57’58.8’’
To record, “enter”
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Back to the “satellite status” screen
By pushing repeatedly the “page button”, different screens are displayed …
Back to the “satellite status” screen
By pushing repeatedly the “page button”, different screens are displayed …
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Navigation screen
Compass is not working when the GPS is not in movement
Navigation screen
Compass is not working when the GPS is not in movement
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MapMap
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GPS use with Google Earth ProGPS use with Google Earth Pro
• With Google Earth Plus (400 usd/year) the GPS data can be downloaded
• All the Recorded points will appear on the Map• You can select different ICONS for the different
infrastructures • See the map below : CITY of TRINIDAD (Bolivia), it
shows all the campaments and the health posts
• With Google Earth Plus (400 usd/year) the GPS data can be downloaded
• All the Recorded points will appear on the Map• You can select different ICONS for the different
infrastructures• See the map below : CITY of TRINIDAD (Bolivia), it
shows all the campaments and the health posts
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Pan AmericanHealthOrganization
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Limitations of Google EarthLimitations of Google Earth• You cannot insert data for the points selected as,
population, number of tents, water quantity, number of latrines…
• Other more expansive programs can do it: – More complicated to use– TIP: check with other partners if they don’t have
the capacity and trained personnel able to do more sophisticated mapping. (OCHA, UNDAC, OXFAM, UNJLC…)
• You cannot insert data for the points selected as, population, number of tents, water quantity, number of latrines…
• Other more expansive programs can do it: – More complicated to use– TIP: check with other partners if they don’t have
the capacity and trained personnel able to do more sophisticated mapping. (OCHA, UNDAC, OXFAM, UNJLC…)