Communicable DiseaseCommunicable DiseaseCommunicable DiseaseCommunicable Disease

Disease passed from one person Disease passed from one person to anotherto another

Infectious DiseaseInfectious DiseaseInfectious DiseaseInfectious Disease5 main kinds of Germs5 main kinds of Germs

1. Virus1. Virus

» Most common, invade healthy cells and Most common, invade healthy cells and reproducereproduce

» Can not survive outside host cellCan not survive outside host cell

» Resistant to antibioticsResistant to antibiotics

» We can treat symptoms, but the body must fight We can treat symptoms, but the body must fight off the disease on its ownoff the disease on its own

» Vaccinations prevent and are the most effectiveVaccinations prevent and are the most effective

Examples are colds, flu, Examples are colds, flu,

chicken pox, measles, mumpschicken pox, measles, mumpshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ

2. Bacteria2. Bacteria

» Self-reproducing germs without host cells. Self-reproducing germs without host cells. They get in the body and multiply They get in the body and multiply» Some are helpful and some cause sickness.Some are helpful and some cause sickness.»Most bad ones can be killed with Most bad ones can be killed with

medicine/ antibiotics by eating away the medicine/ antibiotics by eating away the cell membranecell membrane

Examples are strep throat, pinkeyeExamples are strep throat, pinkeye

3. Fungi3. Fungi»Protective capsules surround the cell Protective capsules surround the cell

wall and protect from phagocyteswall and protect from phagocytes»Usually easily treated with medicineUsually easily treated with medicineExamples are athletes foot, ringwormExamples are athletes foot, ringworm

4. Protozoa - Mainly transmitted 4. Protozoa - Mainly transmitted by bug bites Ex. Malaria, lyme by bug bites Ex. Malaria, lyme diseasedisease

5. Rickets- Animal like 5. Rickets- Animal like organisms in bad water. organisms in bad water.

What Diseases Need To What Diseases Need To Make Us SickMake Us Sick

What Diseases Need To What Diseases Need To Make Us SickMake Us Sick

Host susceptibilityHost susceptibility– Age- Young and old more suseptibleAge- Young and old more suseptible– General health, immune statusGeneral health, immune status– Risk behaviorsRisk behaviors– Prevention behaviorsPrevention behaviors

Route of TransmissionRoute of TransmissionRoute of TransmissionRoute of Transmission

Portal of entryPortal of entry– Nose, Mouth, Cut, SkinNose, Mouth, Cut, Skin»Exposure does not always equal infectionExposure does not always equal infection

– Direct- Skin to skin contactDirect- Skin to skin contact– Indirect- Airborne (sneezes/coughs), sharing Indirect- Airborne (sneezes/coughs), sharing

drinking glassesdrinking glasses– Vectors/carrier- Animal or bug bites,Vectors/carrier- Animal or bug bites,– Vehicles- Contaminated food, waterVehicles- Contaminated food, water

How Sick Will I Get?How Sick Will I Get?How Sick Will I Get?How Sick Will I Get?

Depends upon:Depends upon:– How strong the germ isHow strong the germ is– Dose of infectious agentDose of infectious agent– Resistance/immunity of hostResistance/immunity of host– Mode of entryMode of entry

All must exist to create riskAll must exist to create risk Exposure does not mean person will Exposure does not mean person will

become infectedbecome infected

4 Disease Stages4 Disease Stages4 Disease Stages4 Disease Stages 1. Incubation/Infected Period1. Incubation/Infected Period– Period of infection, illness cannot be Period of infection, illness cannot be

transmitted to another hosttransmitted to another host– Symptoms start to buildSymptoms start to build

2. Infectious Period2. Infectious Period– Period after an infection when agent can be Period after an infection when agent can be

transmitted to another hosttransmitted to another host– Symptoms start to show: Cough, Sneeze, Symptoms start to show: Cough, Sneeze,

FeverFever

Disease StagesDisease StagesDisease StagesDisease Stages3. 3. Disease/Sick PeriodDisease/Sick Period–When the illness sets inWhen the illness sets in– Person displays all symptomsPerson displays all symptoms

4. Recovery Phase4. Recovery Phase– Start to feel betterStart to feel better– Body overcomes disease and immunity Body overcomes disease and immunity

developsdevelops

Infected Infectious Sick RecoveryInfected Infectious Sick Recovery

The body’s defense system against diseaseThe body’s defense system against disease

The body basically has 3 Lines of DefenseThe body basically has 3 Lines of Defense

1st Line1st Line

-Skin- Protective barrier-Skin- Protective barrier

-Mucous membranes- Nose, throat, eyes trap and eliminate germs by -Mucous membranes- Nose, throat, eyes trap and eliminate germs by coughing and sneezingcoughing and sneezing

-Saliva -Tears-Saliva -Tears

-Stomach acid-Stomach acid

2nd Line2nd Line

-Rising body temperature (fever)-Rising body temperature (fever)

-White blood cells- Phagocytes surround and kill germs-White blood cells- Phagocytes surround and kill germs

-Interferon- A chemical released by WBC’s to stop the spread of -Interferon- A chemical released by WBC’s to stop the spread of virusesviruses

IMMUNE SYSTEMIMMUNE SYSTEMIMMUNE SYSTEMIMMUNE SYSTEM

3rd Line- The Lymphatic System3rd Line- The Lymphatic System- Carries lymphocytes - Carries lymphocytes which destroy invaderswhich destroy invaders

T-cells- The brains of the systemT-cells- The brains of the system

Memory T-cells- Remember what a disease is so Memory T-cells- Remember what a disease is so we we can’t get sick with it again.can’t get sick with it again.

B-cells- The workers of the system, eat and destroy germsB-cells- The workers of the system, eat and destroy germs

Other-Other-

Antibodies- Stay in your system and fight diseaseAntibodies- Stay in your system and fight disease

Immunity- Body’s ability to resist germsImmunity- Body’s ability to resist germs

Immunization/Vaccines Immunization/Vaccines andand

AntibioticsAntibiotics

Immunization/Vaccines Immunization/Vaccines andand

AntibioticsAntibiotics Vaccines- A small or dead dose of a Vaccines- A small or dead dose of a

disease that builds antibodies. disease that builds antibodies. Prevention of any illness is always Prevention of any illness is always better than treatmentbetter than treatment

Antibiotics- Powerful medicines that Antibiotics- Powerful medicines that fight bacterial infections. fight bacterial infections.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iE-JbtxB6whttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iE-JbtxB6w

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