Common types of cells
-
Upload
dhiraj-shukla -
Category
Health & Medicine
-
view
879 -
download
2
Transcript of Common types of cells
TYPES OF CELLS
Students should be able to describe microscopic features & their sites of various cells and tissues present in our body.
To identify the cells present in blood and their functions.
1. EPITHELIUM
2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE and MUSCLES
3. INFLAMMATORY CELLS
A. SQUAMOUS SIMPLE SQUAMOUS1. Simple Squamous2. Simple Columnar3. Simple Cuboidal STRATFIED SQUAMOUS1. Pseudostratified columnar
(Ciliated)2. Stratified Squamous
TYPE OF EPITHELIUM
1. EXOCRINE GLANDS2. ENDOCRINE GLANDS
C. TRANSITIONAL
Epithelial tissue
Covers surfaces
Lines tubes and body cavities
ClassificationDepending on Number of layers
•One- simple •Two or more- stratified
Depending on Shape of cell•Irregular, flat- squamous
•Square-like- cuboidal
•Column-shaped- columnar
Functions• protection
• absorption
• filtration
• excretion
• secretion
• sensory reception
Found where filtration or exchange is occuring like in circulatory system.
Lines blood and Lymph vessels) The serous linings of pericardium, pleura
and peritonium.
Squamous Epithelium
Places that involve ABSORPTION and SECRETION…
Stomach Large intestine Small intestine Gall bladder Respiratory tract
TYPES 1. Simple2. Ciliated3. With microvilli
striated border Brush border
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Collect tubules of KIDNEYs Thyroid Gland ASSOCIATED w/ secretion.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
This epitheium gives errorenous impression that there is one more layer of cells.
The nuclei of these cells are disposed at different level.
Cilia are never present on true stratified epithelium.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Ciliated
cells are flat or shield like
PROTECTS from Exposure to friction
This epithelium found at surface of skin, pharynx,linining of the mouth, oesophagus,anal canal and vagina.
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
EPIDERMIS
SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
KERATINISATION
Is a Stratified epithelium which contains cells that, due to stretching, change their shape, hence the name “TRANSITIONAL”.
Also known as urothelium.
Found in urinary tract.
This properties allows for liquid to be store i.e. urine in the bladder ( an organ where this tissue is found)
The apical cells are rounded and give an umbrella shaped or dome cells.
The basal cells are roughly cuboidal. Intermediate cells are polygonal.
GLANDULAR EPITHELIA
A gland is one or more cells which produce and secrete a product called secretion.
Characteristic of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
Glands that have this epithelium are1.Exocrine gland: these glands secrete
their products into a system of channels or that convey the product to its final destination. E.g salivary gland.
2.Endocrine gland:secrete their products or hormones into the underlying connective tissue and release their secretion directly into the blood. E.g thyroid gland.
1.STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS - skin,oral cavity,oesophagus,vagina etc.
2.GLANDULAR - GIT,pancreas,salivary gland,endocervix,endometrium,thyroid etc.
3.TRANSITIONAL - urinary bladder,ureter,pelvis of kidney etc.
1.Fibroblasts
2.Adipose tissue
3.Smooth muscle fibre and skeletal muscle.
These maintain the integrity of supporting tissues by continuous slow turnover of the extracellular matrix constituents.
Fibroblasts synthesize and secrete collagen molecules then assembles into fibrils that are cross linked into fibres in the extracellular matrix.
Most numerous cells of connective tissue.
Concerned with the production of collagen fibres.
Collagen fibres provides strength. Also produce reticular and elastic fibres. In tissue sections appear to be spindle
shaped and nucleus is flattened. Show branching processes when seen from
surface.
FLAT NUCLEUS
Cells which are adapted for storage of fat called as adipocytes.
Adipose tissue has important role general metabolic process.
Two main types:1.White adipose tissue: found in deep
layers of skin. E.g adults2.Brown adipose tissue: small amount
found in humans. E.g children
Nutrition Mechanical function , keeps them in
position. Cushioning effect. Insulation Heat generator.
Adipose Tissue
Storage, insulation, protection
It is composed of elongated,multinucleate contractile cells k/s muscle fibres bound together by collagenous supporting tissue.
Muscle is made up of numerous small fasciculi.
Each muscle fibre has multiple nuclei arranged at the cell periphery.
Cells are elongated,spindle shaped cells with tapered ends.
Nucleus is centrally located in the cytoplasm at the widest part of the cell.
Smf are bound together in irrerular,branching fasciculi, and these fasciculi are functional contractile unit.
1. Polymorphonuclear cells2. Lymphocytes3. Eosinophills4. Plasma cells5. Macrophages6. Giant cells
14-15 µm in size Nucleus deep purple Cytoplasm pink Small n specific granules Life span is 1-2 days
Two types1.Small – 7-10µm2.Large - 10- 15µm
Nucleus is round to oval Cytoplasm basophillic
Size more then polymorphonuclear cell Nucleus bilobed mostly Cytoplasm large bright orange red granules,
Usually not present in peripheral blood Occur in the marrow Have deeply basophillic cytoplasm with a
perinuclear hallow. Eccentric nucleus
Derived from B lymphocyte and clearly designed for synthesis of Igs.
Cartwheel nucleus. They are found in – Chronic infections neoplasm allergic states , etc
20 -70µm in size Irregular shape Cytoplasm may have vacuoles,cell debris or
hemosiderin Abundant cytoplasm and small nuclei
Langhan’s Foreign body Tuton’s Tumor
Thank you