Regional Development Study Universitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta, Indonesia

Program

UniversitasGadjah Mada

UniversitasGadjah Mada

UniversitasGadjah Mada

Asian UrbanReseach Association

(AURA)

Asian UrbanReseach Association

(AURA)

Asian UrbanReseach Association

(AURA)

Shippensburg Universityof Pennsylvania

Shippensburg Universityof Pennsylvania

Shippensburg Universityof Pennsylvania

University of CologneUniversity of CologneUniversity of Cologne

Forum for Urban Futurein Southeast Asia and

German Expert Ikatan GeografIndonesia (IGI)Ikatan GeografIndonesia (IGI)Ikatan GeografIndonesia (IGI)Ikatan GeografIndonesia (IGI)

Forum for Urban Futurein Southeast Asia and

German Expert

Forum for Urban Futurein Southeast Asia and

German Expert

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Committees of The 13 InternationalAsian Urbanization Conference

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Badan Penerbit Fakultas Geografi (BPFG)Universitas Gadjah Mada

Yogyakarta

Association ofAmerican Geographers (AAG)

T h e A s i a nG e o g r a p h yS p e c i a l i t y Group (AGSP)

T h e R e g i o n a lDevelopment andPlanning Speciaity Group (RDPSG)

Association ofAmerican Geographers (AAG)

T h e A s i a nG e o g r a p h yS p e c i a l i t y Group (AGSP)

T h e R e g i o n a lDevelopment andPlanning Speciaity Group (RDPSG)

Association ofAmerican Geographers (AAG)

T h e A s i a nG e o g r a p h yS p e c i a l i t y Group (AGSP)

T h e R e g i o n a lDevelopment andPlanning Speciaity Group (RDPSG)

PROCEEDINGPROCEEDINGPROCEEDINGPROCEEDINGThe 13 International Asian

Urbanization Conference

thThe 13 International AsianUrbanization Conference

thThe 13 International AsianUrbanization Conference

thThe 13 International AsianUrbanization Conference

thth

ISBN : 978-979-8786-58-7

Badan Penerbit Fakultas Geografi (BPFG)Universitas Gadjah Mada

Yogyakarta

Rapid Urbanization and Sustainable

Development in Asia

Rapid Urbanization and Sustainable

Development in Asia

Regional Development Study Universitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta, Indonesia

Program

Committees of The 13 InternationalAsian Urbanization Conference

th

UtrechtUniversity Utrecht

University Utrecht

University

PROCEEDING The 13th International Asian

Urbanization Conference

Rapid Urbanization and Sustainable

Development in Asia ISBN : 978-979-8786-58-7

Editor Rini Rachmawati George Pomeroy

Debnath Mookherjee

Badan Penerbit Fakultas Geografi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Proceeding The 13th International Asian Urbanization Conference Rapid Urbanization and Sustainable Development In Asia

ISBN : 978-979-8786-58-7 ©2016 Badan Penerbit Fakultas Geografi Universitas Gadjah Mada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying recording, scanning, or otherwise without written permission of the Publisher. Layout : Estin Sulistyani

Diana Febrita Umar El Izzuddin Kiat

Cover Design : Diana Febrita Cover Photo : Rini Rachmawati

Editorial address :

Regional Development Study Program Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia Tel: (+62) 0274-589595, Fax: +62274-589595 E-mail:auc2016aura@geo.ugm.ac.id

Published by :

Badan Penerbit Fakultas Geografi (BPFG) Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia Tel: (+62) 0274-589595, Fax: +62274-589595 E-mail : geografi@geo.ugm.ac.id www.geo.ugm.ac.id

STEERING COMMITTEE

Prof. Ashok K. Dutt (Founding Member of Asian Urban Research Association, Professor Emeritus, University of Akron)

Prof. George Pomeroy (Executive Secretary of Asian Urban Research Association)

Prof. Dr. Suratman, M.Sc. (Vice Rector of UniversitasGadjahMada)

Prof. Dr. R. Rijanta, M.Sc. (Dean of Faculty of Geography, UniversitasGadjahMada)

SCIENTIFIC BOARD

Prof. Dr. R. Rijanta, M.Sc.(UniversitasGadjahMada, Indonesia)

Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Muh.ArisMarfai, M.Sc.(UniversitasGadjahMada, Indonesia)

Dr. Sukamdi, M.Sc.(UniversitasGadjahMada, Indonesia)

Dr. RiniRachmawati, S.Si., M.T.(UniversitasGadjahMada, Indonesia)

Prof. George M. Pomeroy(Shippensburg University, USA)

Prof. LilianaDumitrache(University of Bucharest, Romania)

Prof. B. R. K. Sinha(Banaras Hindu University, India)

Prof. Anne Haila(University of Helsinki, Finland)

Dr. Tim Bunnel(National University of Singapore, Singapore)

Dr. K.C. Ho(National University of Singapore, Singapore)

Dr. Hong ChingGoh(Universiti of Malaya, Malaysia)

MonsichaBejrananda, Ph.D.(University of KhonKaen, Thailand)

Dr. DebnathMookherjee(Western Washington University, USA)

KEYNOTE SPEECH

Prof. Ashok K. Dutt (Founding Member of Asian Urban Research Association, Professor Emeritus in Public

Administration and Urban Studies, Geography and Planning University of Akron)

Prof. Dr.FraukeKraas (Professor for Human Geography, Department of Geography, Mega-Urban Research of

Southeast Asia, University of Cologne, Germany)

Prof. Dr.AnneliesZoomers (Professor in Human Geography and Planning, Head of Programme, International

Development Studies, Utrecht University, Netherlands)

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Chair:

Dr. RiniRachmawati, S.Si., M.T.

Members: Dr. rer. pol. DyahWidiyastuti, S.T., M.CP. Dr. EstuningTyasWulan Mei, S.Si., M.Sc.

SuraniHasanati, S.Si, M.Sc. Alia Fajarwati, S.Si., M.IDEA M. IsnaeniSadali, S.Si., M.Sc.

Dr. AndriKurniawan, S.Si.,M.Si AgungSatriyoNugroho, S.Si.

Joni Purwohandoyo, S.Si., M.Sc. AgungBudiono, S.Pi.,M.Eng.

YukeNoriAurumbita, S.Si., MSc. AriniMurwindati, S.Si.

SheilyWidyaningsih, S.Si. IntanPandini, S.Si. AgungJauhari, S.Si.

TrafikaAnggini EstinSulistyani Diana Febrita

Umar El IzzuddinKiat DwiAjiKurniawan

BagusSuwito, A.Md. BudhiSantoso, SIP.

DyahFitriaDewi Citra AmaliaWaskita

AndriWidayanti TaufieqTresnawan

PREFACE These proceedings are issued in the context of the 13th International Asian Urbanization

Conference that will be held on January 6 and 7, 2016. This 13th International Asian

Urbanization Conference is hosted by Regional Development Study Program, Faculty of

Geography, UniversitasGadjahMada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in association with the Asian

Urban Research Association (AURA). AURA was established in January 1986 and is

administered at Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, USA. It is a non-profit research

organization whose primary purpose is to promote the study of urbanization and urban

growth and to organize Asian Urbanization Conferences. The conferences are biennial (held

every other/alternate year) and have resulted in many publications.These proceedings are

expected to be one of the publications that may be improved to be a book.

The theme of this seminar is Rapid Urbanisation and Sustainable Development in Asia.It is

an important topic to discuss since rapid urbanization has currently become a big issue that

hits almost Asian countries. In the context of achieving balanced and sustainable

development, it is necessary to conduct a study to help solve problems related to

urbanization. Because of too broad issues related to urbanization, it is necessary to discuss

the theme in groups. The theme is divided into several sub-themes, i.e. Rural-Urban

Transformation; Urban Resilient, Risk and Disaster Management Urbanization; Employment

and Urban Poverty; Urbanization in The Era of Information and Communication Technology;

Urban Planning and Urban Governance; Socio-Economic Impact of Urbanization; Slum

Upgrading and Capacity Building; Land, Urban Development and Housing in Asia; Urban

Futures and Aspirations; Communities and the Asian City; Natural Resource Governance and

Urbanization; Contested Urban Space; Innovative Approaches to Urban Issues; Urbanisation

in Southeast Asia: The Challenge and Solution for The Future, Urbanisation and Geography

in The Global Era and Managing Urban and Rural Transformation in Indonesia as well.

I would like to thank all parties for their support to succeed this seminar.A great number of

people contributed to the success of this seminar. Particular thanks are owed to the

following: Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) and Faculty of Geography, UGM that facilitate

the implementation of this seminar; AURA that gave UGM the chance to hold this seminar;

Colleagues from different universitiesfor their roles in becoming keynote speakers and

scientific board, as well as in contributing to presenting papers in these proceedings. They

come from University of Akron- USA, University of Cologne-Germany, Utrecht University-

Netherlands, UniversitasGadjahMada-Indonesia, Shippensburg University-USA, University of

Bucharest-Romania, Banaras Hindu University-India, University of Helsinki- Finland, National

University of Singapore-Singapore, University of Malaya-Malaysia, KhonKaen University-

Thailand, Western Washington University-USA; Association of American Geographers

(AAG), The Asian Geography Specialty Group (AGSP), The Regional Development and

Planning Specialty Group (RDPSG), ForUm for Urban Future in Southeast Asia, Network of

Southeast Asian and German Experts (ForUm), IkatanGeograf Indonesia

(IGI)andAsosiasiSekolahPerencanaan Indonesia (ASPI); All speakers for their contribution

to these proceedings with the hope that their ideas are very useful to solve problems

related to urbanization to develop better and more sustainable cities; All committee

members for their last one-year hard work to prepare this seminar.Last but not least, All

parties for their help and support to arrange and publish these proceedings.

Hopefully, these proceedings are very meaningful in the world of science for those who are

interested in the study and doing research for the sake of improving the science related to

urbanization.

Yogyakarta, January 2016

Conference Chair

Dr. RiniRachmawati, S.Si., M.T.

PREFACE No matter the measure - direct or indirect; absolute or relative;be it urbanization rates, city

sizes, or closely associated items such as social change, demographic profile, GNP per capita,

environmental indicator, technological landmarks, or development indices–urbanization has

marched momentously and relentlesslyin a constant direction, impacting the lives not of

millions or even hundreds of millions, but rather billions. On no stage has this march been

as dramatic in magnitude and as intenselyvariable in nature as it has in Asia. Indeed, today

nearly one-half of the world’s urban population resides in Asia.

While the process of urbanization began much earlier, a marked, measured, and more

carefully documented urbanization has characterized the planet since 1950. At that time,

Asia collectively had 17.5% of its population, or 244 million people, living in urban areas. In

the 65 years since that time, Asia has brought that percentage to 48.2% and has added an

astounding 1.868 billion people to its cities.

This conference and the conference series is dedicated to the exchange of views and

experiences on cities, metropolitan areas, urbanization, and closely related social,

economic, political, and environmental issues in the Asian context. Now it is 13th iteration

and celebrating its 30th anniversary, it has observed and studied Asian urbanization over a

span of time that has seen 1.248 billion people arrived by birth, migration, or urban

redefinition, as dwellers in Asia’s cities. The inexorable march of urbanization has

weathered and the conference series has witnessed (as well as studied)tremendous changes

and challenges to Asian cities. Globalization has further bound the futures of countries and

their citiestogether. Assorted conflicts and insurrections, along with pervasive issues of

poverty and environmental quality have continued impacts. In the last two decades, the

region was buffeted by a currency crisis and global recession. At the same time, and in a

more positive light, quality of life and well-being have improved tremendously across much

of Asia and especially within its cities. For most people, Incomes have risen, life

expectancies lengthened and freedoms expanded – all in close association with

urbanization. Now, a looming issue likely more daunting than all other issues before it,

climate change brings its own sets of obstacles and exacerbates many others. Hopefully,

new strands of thought, including the notion of sustainability, can provide a pathways to

better cities and better lives.

Like those before it, this conference and its proceedings, are dedicated to the research,

planning, and problem-solving related to the phenomena of Asian cities. The papers herein

continue the rich legacy established by an initial Asian urbanization conference held in 1985.

That conference, organized a complementary team of four expert researchers, was a

phenomenal success. Afterwards, this close-knit team of respected scholars, comprised of

Frank Costa, Laurence J.C. Ma, Allen G. Noble, and Ashok K. Dutt, its energetic leader,

recognized that they had initiated a remarkable conference series that speaks to a particular

and eclectic niche related to Asian cities and resonates with a corresponding set of scholars

and practitioners.

Just as the last 30 years has seen the development of arich intellectual and practical legacy

to this important conference series, it is hoped that the next 30 years provides a similar

legacy. This 13th conference, as the first held in a Southeast Asian venue expands the

scholarly frontiers to include a new and refreshing set of scholars and practitioners, thus

further burnishing the legacy of the Asian Urbanization Conference Series. Indeed, this

proceedings of The 13th Asian Urbanization Conference does provide an excellent

foundation for purpose of continuing this rich and vibrant legacy.

Sincerely,

Prof. Ashok K. Dutt(Founding Member of Asian Urban Research Association, Professor Emeritus, University of Akron)

Prof. George Pomeroy (Executive Secretary of Asian Urban Research Association)

TABEL OF CONTENTS

NO

RURAL-URBAN TRANSFORMATION

1 DECENTRALIZED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN PERI-URBAN BANGKOK: DEVOLUTION, PARTICIPATION AND ROLE OF ………………………………………………………………………………..……………… 1

Amorn Kritsanaphan 2 PRO POOR DEVELOPMENT IN EMPOWERING POOR FARMER HOUSEHOLD TO ALLEVIATE

POVERTY BY GETTING STABILITY …………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 Ferdianta Wahyu Nur Pratama

3 RURAL TRANSFORMATION AND RURAL-URBAN LINKAGES: THE CASE OF KAMPUNG PERUAS, MALAYSIA ……………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………... 25

Ibrahim Ngah, Khairul Hisyam Kamarudin, Hamid Saad 4 URBAN SPRAWL OF AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND, 1842-2014: SPATIAL PATTERNS AND

DRIVERS 44 Jay Gao

5 HISTORY AND TEMPO OF URBANIZATION IN INDONESIA 1980-2010 …………………………………..... 55 Muhammad Arif Fahrudin Alfana, Hafidz Bachtiar, and Widha Ayu Nur Permata Hanif

6 SETTLEMENT GROWTH IN NGAGELREJO VILLAGE SUB DISTRICT SURABAYA CITY ………………..... 61 M. Fikri Amrullah, Nugroho Hari Purnomo

7 LAND USE CHANGE IN URBAN FRINGES: A THREAT TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA ……………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………..……………….. 66

Nina Novira, Restu 8 THE EMERGENCE OF INFORMAL ACTORS IN “TERRITORY” AS A CONSEQUENCE OF AREA

TRANSFORMATION. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 76 Nuzula Ichwanun Nabila, Bastian Widyatama, Tasha Nastiti Waris

9 RURAL URBAN LINKAGES AND SHOPPING DESTINATION FOR HOUSEHOLDS NEEDS IN SEMARANG DISTRICT …………………………………………………………………………………………….………………. 83

Puji Hardati, R. Rijanta, Su Ritohardoyo 10 URBAN - RURAL - BORDER (SOCIAL) INTERACTION STRUCTURE IN STRATEGIC AREAS IN

INDONESIA ……………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………..……………….. 90 Syaiful Muazir, Horng-Chang Hsieh

11 THE TRANSITION OF SUBURBAN KAMPUNG IN JABODETABEK ………………………………………......... 99 Tsuguta Yamashita, Kengo Hayashi

12 URBAN SPATIAL GROWTH AND LAND TRANSFORMATION ANALYSIS USING HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING DATA …………………………………………………………………………………… 111

Virendra Kumar, Kamlesh Bhalavi, Rajiv Mohan 13 PATTERN OF FORMAL HOUSING WORKING TRIPS AT THE URBAN FRINGE AREA IN

PEKANBARU ……………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………...……………….. 125 Yogaffri Zaini, Puji Astuti, Mardianto Manan

URBAN RESILIENCE, RISK AND URBAN POVERTY

1 SPATIAL TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF AIR SURFACE TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR IN SMALL CITY

(UNIVERSITY) ……………………………………………………………………………….. …………………….………………... 139 Adi Wibowo, Jarot Mulyo Semedi

2 LAND USE COVER AND ITS EFFECT ON URBAN HEAT SIGNATURES: A SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS ……………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………..... 148

Adi Wibowo, Kharulmaini Osman Shaleh 3 SEMARANG CITY AND SUBSIDENCE : FROM SCIENTIFIC DATA TO TERRITORIAL RESILIENCE….... 158 Clara Villar, Bernard Guézo , Muhammad Helmi, Ita Widowati

4 TOWARDS URBAN RESILIENCE: ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY-BASED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA ………………………………………………............. 163

Furstenberg Jana, Kubisch Susanne, Niederer Stefan, Salow Tim, Unthan Nils, Hinzpeter Kilian, Hoyoz Leonhard, Kranebitter Simon, Sandholzer Fabian, Scheur Dominik, Sandholz Simone, Hoferl Karl-Michael

5 URBANIZATION TRENDS AND GROUNDWATER ISSUES IN ASIAN CITIES ……………………………...... 174 Neethu Vijayan, Shaharudin Idrus, Mazlin Bin Mokhtar, Nimisha Krishnankutty

6 IMPACTS OF FLOOD TOWARDS THE URBAN HEALTH IN MALAYSIA. …………………………………....... 184 Nurfarahain, Z., Shaharudin Idrus, Nor Lita Fadilah, R.

7 BARRIERS TO INTEGRATING CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION INTO URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA ……………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………..……………….. 189

Nurrohman Wijaya 8 CLIMATE SERVICES: PRODUCING USEFULSCIENCE FOR URBAN RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE

INVESTMENTS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 199 Sophie Webber

9 COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTIONS AND BEHAVIOUR FOR CLIMATE CHANGE IN DRINKINGWATER SECTOR ……………………………………………………………………………………...……………… 210

Yudha Heston

URBANIZATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND URBAN POVERTY

1 EXPENSES OF MONEY OF URBAN HOUSELESS POPULATION: A CASE STUDY ……………………....... 222 Jabir Hasan Khan, Shamshad

2 URBANIZATION, EMPLOYMENT AND URBAN POVERTY IN VIETNAM DURING THE EARLY INDUSTRIAL PERIOD ……………………………………………………………………………………………...………………. 240

LUU Bich Ngoc, NGUYEN Thi Thieng 3 RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY IN THE SUB-URBAN OF SEMARANG-CENTRAL JAVA ……………………....... 264 Moh Gamal Rindarjono

4 DISTRIBUTION OF INFORMAL SECTOR IN INDONESIAN URBAN AREA ………………………………....... 282 Widha Ayu Nur Permata Hanif, Hafidz Bachtiar, Muhammad Arif Fahrudin Alfana

URBANIZATION IN THE ERA OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY

1 URBANIZATION IN THE ERA OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)..... 289

Rini Rachmawati 2 METRO MANILA’S COMPETING BUSINESS DISTRICTS: EDGE CITIES, PHILIPPINE STYLE? ……….... 300 BOQUET, Yves

3 TELEMATIC PLATFORMS TO MORE INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE CITIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND INDONESIA ……………………………… ……………………………………... 312

Flávio Nunes 4 ICT EMBEDDED CITIES: SCENARIOS, ICT APPLICATIONS IN CITIES, AND CHALLENGES …………..... 321 Mani K. Madala

5 DEALING WITH A TECHNOPOLE : STRENGHTNING SMALL CITY DEVELOPMENT …………………..... 332 Ridwan Sutriadi

URBAN PLANNING AND URBAN GOVERNANCE

1 STUDY ON MODEL OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS USING IN ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT …………………………………………………………………………...………...... 340

Bui Thi Hoang LAN (PhD) 2 CHILDREN DRAWING THEIR ENVIRONMENT ………………………………………………………………..………... 355 Eka Dyana Yulandari, Roswita Dharmasanti, Tety Widyaningrum, Nirania Galuh Putrie,

Lambang Septiawan, Alia Fajarwati 3 CONFLICT AND SOLUTION FOR JOMBOR FLYOVER DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, SINDUADI, MLATI,

SLEMAN ……………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………...………………... 361 Janu Muhammad, Nurhadi

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION

1 URBANIZATION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHANGES IN SELONG TOWN, INDONESIA ………………. 371 Baiq Liana Widiyanti

2 URBANIZATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: ETHNIC ASPECTS ……………………………......... 382 Gulnara Nyussupova, Student Damira Tazhiyeva

3 DEVELOPMENT OF URBANITE ILLEGAL BUSINESS TO BE A TOWN CITIZEN OF THE COOPERATIVE ……………………………………………………………………………….. …………………..……………….. 393

Sukarno Hardjosoewito, Rachmawati Novaria

SLUM UPGRADING AND CAPABILITY BUILDING

1 CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUM POPULATION IN INDIA…………………………………………………………........ 402

B.R.K. Sinha, Prabhakar Nishad, Brijendra Nath Singh

2 PATTERN OF SLUM POPULATION IN INDIA……………………………………………...……………...…….…....... 414 B.R.K. Sinha

3 STATUS OF SOCIAL AMENITIES IN SLUMS OF INDIA……………………………………………………..............

425 B.R.K. Sinha, Brijendra Nath Singh, Prabhakar Nishad

URBAN FUTURES AND ASPIRATIONS

1 THE EMERGING OF KUALA LUMPUR EXTENDED MEGA URBAN REGION (KLEMUR) ……………….. 437 Abdul Samad Hadi, Shaharudin Idrus, Mohd Raffi Othman, dan Mohd Raihan Taha

2 SLUM YOUTH-CHILDREN COLLECTIVES TOWARDS SELF-CONFIDENCE, EDUCATION, TEAM-SKILLS ……………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………..………………..... 448

Agarwal Siddharth, Agarwal Kabir, Verma Neeraj, Verma Shabnam, Sharma M. R., Sharma C.B.

3 EMPOWERED SLUM WOMEN'S-GROUPS NEGOTIATE TO IMPROVE URBAN HEALTH GOVERNANCE, ACCESS TO ENTITLEMENTS ………………………………………………………………..………..... 456

Agarwal Siddharth, Verma Shabnam, Verma Neeraj, Agarwal Kabir, Sharma M.R., Sharma C.B 4 PLANNING GALLERIES AS SITES OF ASSERTION AND ASPIRATION - THE SINGAPORE’S CITY

GALLERY ……………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………...... 465 Michael R. Glass

5 THE ROLE OF URBAN CULTURAL HERITAGE IN KATHMANDU, NEPAL, AND YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA ……………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………..……………….. 481

Simone Sandholz

NATURAL RESOURCES GOVERNANCE AND URBANIZATION

1 ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY: A CASE STUDY OF THREE RAPIDLY URBANIZED MAJOR CITIES.... 497 Shagufa Tazin Shathy, Mohammad Imam Hasan Reza

COMMUNITIES AND THE ASIAN CITY

1 COLLECTIVE SAVINGS AND LOANS BY SLUM WOMEN’S-GROUPS FOR HEALTH, EDUCATION, SOCIAL RESILIENCE……………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………..…….. 506

Agarwal Siddharth, Verma Shabnam, Verma Neeraj, Agarwal Kabir, Sharma M.R., Sharma C.B 2 WE TOO EXIST: EMERGING SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FORMATION OF LOWER CASTES IN AN

INDIAN CITY, JAMMU……………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………..…. 517 Devinder Singh

3 LIFESTYLE MIGRANTS’ UTOPIA IN HUALIEN, TAIWAN: SECOND-HAND SHOPS AND THE LANDSCAPE OF “BETTER LIFE” ……………………………………………………………………………….. …............. 523

Jun Hua Lin 4 ALTERNATIVE PUBLIC SPACES: SPACE FOR COMMUNITY ACTIVITY AND PARTICAPATORY

URBAN DESIGN IN ROCHOR+, SINGAPORE……………………………………………………………………………… 533 Ostertag

5 "6,700 PEOPLE FOR 6,700 TREES” – THE EVOLVEMENT OF AN URBAN COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE……………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………..………………...... 548

Sandra Kurfurst 6 SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY STARTS FROM COMMUNITY: DEVELOPMENT RESPONSE TO

COMMUNAL CONFLICT IN INDONESIA………………………………………………………………………………....... 556 Wisnu Setiawan

LAND, URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING IN ASIA

1 URBANIZATION, HOUSING CONDITIONS AMONG URBAN VULNERABLE IN INDIA– IMPLICATIONS FOR ACTION……………………………………………………………………………….. ……………....... 569

Agarwal Siddharth, Agarwal Kabir, Sahoo, Prakasha 2 TOWARD THE URBAN REAL ESTATE GOVERNANCE? LAND RENT, BUILT ENVIRONMENT, AND

THE FUNCTIONAL SELECTIVITY OF LAND VALUE………………………………………………………….............. 580 Cassidy I-Chih Lan, Chen-Jai Lee

3 GATED COMMUNITY RESIDENTS AND THEIR SENSE OF SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BANGKOK... 589 Chaitawat Boonjubun

4 PARADIGM SHIFTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL HOUSING DEBATE AND ITS LOCAL IMPLICATIONS FOR SURAKARTA’S……………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………….......... 597

Christiam Obermayr, Winn Astuti 5 LAND PREDICTION OF AVAILABLE AREA FOR HOUSING IN 2017 BY USING MARKOV CHAIN ..... 608 Dwi Santy Ratnasari, Puspa Kusumawardani

6 SPATIAL TRENDS OF URBAN PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF YOGYAKARTA CITY DURING 1756-2015……………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………… 617

Djaka Marwasta 7 ANALYSING ABILITY FACTORS FOR HOUSING OWNERSHIP TOWARDS URBAN LIVABILITY………. 628 Elia Syarafina Abdul Shakur, Ahmad Fariz Mohamed, Samad Abdul Hadi

8 COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTIONS TO STIMULATE HOUSING GROWTH IN PERI-URBAN AREAS OF SURABAYA ……………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………..... 639

I Dewa Made Frendika Septanaya 9 LAND RIGHTS IN CHINA’S "VILLAGE TO RESIDENCE COMMUNITY" A CASE STUDY OF CAITANG,

XIAMEN………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………................ 648 Sa Haoxocuan

10 INSTITUTIONAL, TRANSACTION COST AND LAND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IN INDONESIA: TOWARD A THEORETICAL ASSESSMENT………………………….. ………………………………………............... 655

Yuni Nurhayati, Adiwan F Aritening, Delik Hudalah

CONTESTED URBAN PUBLIC SPACE

1 MANAGING URBAN SPACE FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE LANGAT BASIN, MALAYSIA ………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………… 665

Ahmad Fariz Mohamed, Shaharudin, Idrus, Abdul Samad Hadi 2 COMMUNITY BARRICADES: SUBALTERN IMAGINARIES AND POLITICAL PERFORMANCE

TOWARDS A RIGHT TO THE CITY ……………………………………………………………………………...……………. 674 Chester Antonino C. Arcilla

3 HERITAGE-MAKING IN CONTESTED URBAN SPACES : RELEVANCE FOR COMMUNITY AND CITY. 683 Kong-Chong HO

4 THE KHMER ROUGE REGIME: ANTI-URBANISM …………………………………………………………….……….. 693 Savina Sirik

5 GLOBAL PUBLIC SPACE, PROPOSING A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR PUBLIC SPACE …………………...... 704

Ostertag

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO URBAN ISSUES

1 CAN PARADISE AND THE CITY CO-EXIST? THE POTENTIALS OF ARCHITECTURAL INSTRUMENTALITY TO RECREATE PARADISE IDYLLS AROUND ……………………………………….…....... 717

Adrianne Joergensen, M.Arch 2 EMPOWERED SLUM WOMEN’S-GROUPS NEGOTIATE TO IMPROVE URBAN HEALTH

GOVERNANCE, ACCESS TO ENTITLEMENTS ………… …………………………………………………….…………… 727 Agarwal Siddharth, Verma Shabnam, Verma Neeraj, Agarwal Kabir, Sharma M.R, Sharma C.B

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Yunie Nurhayati, Adiwan F Aritenang, Delik Hudalah

THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN

THE URBAN FINGER AREA OF YOGYAKARTA

Rika Harini, Emilia Nurjani, Rina Ariani1

Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract Agriculture is a sector food providers who are closely related with phenomena of nature one of them is climate change. Climate change has affected directly or indirectly by human activity would change the composition of the atmosphere in a long period of time. The purpose of this research is to know the impact of inflicted a result of climate change on the production and agricultural productivity.

The research was conducted in Sleman district that is a urban fringe area of Yogyakarta City. The research analyzed in descriptive quantitative data based on secondary data such as climate and agricultural production and productivity data.

The results of the study represented through table, a chart or maps. The results showed that rainfall affecting agricultural activities mainly on rice commodities maize, peanut and cassava.

The influence of rainfall in urban fringe area of Yogyakarta especially Sleman district for the production of corn while 55,9 % and 43,8 % for cassava commodities. In commodities peanut influence rainfall of 70.6 % and 70,2 % for commodities rice. Climate change as an indirect impact on the results of agricultural production in the urban fringe area of Yogyakarta.

Keywords Climate Change, Agricultural Sector, Urban Fringe

1. Introduction Agriculture is a sector food providers related to natural phenomena, one of which

is climate change. Climate change according to Trenberth, Houghton and Filho (1995) in Hidayati (2001) is a fluctuation or changes which tend to be recurrent in a climate that is influenced directly or indirectly by human activities are changing the composition of the atmosphere in a long period. The result of the existence of climate change is a

1Corresponding author. E-mail address: rikaharini@ugm.ac.id; n_emilya@geo.ugm.ac.id;rina_ariani18@yahoo.co.id

Sub-Theme: (15)

phenomenon El Nino and La Nina phenomena to Indonesia where El-Nino would cause drought due to decreasing rainfall below normal. While the La-Nina phenomenon has an impact on the increase in rainfall in Indonesia that led to the occurrence of floods (Effendis, 2001). Drought and floods will cause the occurrence of failed harvest.A decrease in the amount of precipitation that occurs in some parts of Indonesia, especially in JavaIsland will prolong the dry season, where the seasons change that occurs is very extreme. The rainy season is going to be very wet and dry season will be very dry and long.

In addition to rainfall, climate change has also led to a change in temperature. Where according to the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change or IPCC (2007), a temperature increase of 2degrees Celsius will lose 30% of agricultural production, whereas the global average temperature rises of 2-2.4 degrees Celsius.

The agricultural sector is the leading sector both in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. In 2012 the agricultural sector contributes 21.09% in GDP. However, the occurrence of climate change will influence the decline of agricultural production in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

2. Material and Methods The determination of research location using purposive sampling method.Sleman is

a suburb of the city. El Nino and La Nina also gave the impact in Sleman Regency. The impact caused irregular season turnover as well as affect the planting patterns in the agricultural sector. Analysis method using descriptive quantitative analysis base on the data climate, agricultural production and agricultural productivity.

Research methods using simple regression analysis. Simple regression analysis was use to test the influence of independent variables (Climate change) against a dependent variable (production and productivity agriculture). Simple regression analysis equation is:

Description :

Y : Dependent variable

X : Independent variable

a : intersep

b : Coefficient regression

Decision making by comparing the significance value with probability 0.05. If the significance value is less than 0.05 meaning independent variable influential in significant against dependent variable. However, if the significance value is more than 0,05 than the independent variable no significantly effect on a dependent variable.

3. Results and Discussion The agricultural sector need to adapt climate change because of the higher

temperatures and changing precipitation patterns the climatic zones and the pattern of agricultural production will be undergoing change. Climate change will have an impact on the shift of the season that is increasingly in short rainy season yet with greater rainfall so that the planting pattern will undergo a shift. Besides the damage to crops occurs due to high rainfall intensities resulted in flooding and wind.

Sleman Regency still rely on agriculture as the mainstay of economic sectors. This is due to the geographical condition of which supports such as land suitable for agriculture. According to the Department of Agriculture Sleman Regency (2011)

Y = a + bX (1)

agricultural development is capable of supporting the production of food crops to meet the needs of the population. But the extreme climate change (high rainfall) and an increasing pest affect the production and productivity of some food crops. Besides the increasing population led to increased land requirements and land use changes.

Figure 1. Land Use Map Urban Finger Area of Yogyakarta

Land use map use shows that in suburbs of Sleman Regency was dominated the settlement. Rainfall in this region has no effect on the production and productivity agricultural this is due to the influence of the human factor is more dominate than natural factors. In addition the land use for farming in the area is not so widespread because of many changes in land use from agricultural land into building.

Table 1. The Results of Regression Rainfall with Agricultural Production in Sleman Regency

No. Production R Square

Constant (B)

Coefficient Sig.

1 Rice 0,074 10504,359 33.951 0,448

2 Corn 0,000 169,943 0,000 0,995

3 Peanuts 0,330 122,917 0,059 0,082

4 Soybeans 0,219 179,812 -1,232 0,172

5 Cassava 0,081 177,761 -0,009 0,426

6 Cassava vines 0,564 -60,140 2,172 0,012

Based on table 1 note the significance value of the rainfall to each agricultural production on a column Sig more than 0.05. That means rainfall has no effect against the amount of agricultural production in the research area. This is due to the extensive agricultural land that exists in this area is too narrow, whereas the number of most

agricultural production depend of extensive farmland. Different case with the influence of rainfall against the cassava vine production. Sig value less than 0,05 (0,012) wich means that rainfall affects 56,4% cassava vines production while 43,6% in the influence of other factors.

Base on regression analysis between the rainfall with cassava vines productions in research area can be inferred linear equations

With Y = production of cassava vines (Kw/Ha) dan X = rainfall (mm/years). Based on these equations stated that the positive effect of rainfall against the cassava vines production in the research area. The higher rainfall then cassava vines production also will be higher.

Table 2. The Results Regression of Rainfall with The Productivity Agriculture in Sleman Regency

No. Production R Square

Constant (B)

Coefficient Sig.

1 Rice 0,316 32,483 0,145 0,091

2 Corn 0,803 30,200 2,496 0,000

3 Peanuts 0,641 76,358 10,094 0,005

4 Soybeans 0,310 182,203 -2,486 0,094

5 Cassava 0,209 201,272 -0,169 0,184

6 Cassava vines 0,005 159.448 0,495 0,851

Table 2 shows the result of regression rainfall by productivity farming results in the research area. The rainfall only affect crop productivity of corn and peanuts. This is evidenced by the value significance 0,000 and 0,005 less than 0,05. The contribution of rainfall against the corn productivity of 80,3% and the rest is influenced by other factors. The contribution of rainfall against productivity peanuts of 64,1% and the rest is influenced by other factors. The value of contribution prove that rainfall has an impact on the productivity of corn and peanuts.

Base on regression analysis between the rainfall with corn productions in research area can be inferred linear equations

With Y = production of corn (Kw/Ha) dan X = rainfall (mm/years). Based on these equations stated that the positive effect of rainfall against the corn production in the research area. The higher rainfall then corn production also will be higher.

Base on regression analysis between the rainfall with peanuts productions in research area can be inferred linear equations

Y = 30,200 + 2,496X (3)

Y = -60,140 + 2,172X (2)

With Y = production of peanuts (Kw/Ha) dan X = rainfall (mm/years). Based on these equations stated that the positive effect of rainfall against the peanuts production in the research area. The higher rainfall then peanuts production also will be higher.

Regression analysis between the precipitation with productivity in Sleman show in table that the rainfall only affected the productivity of corn and peanuts. The rainfall did not affect the productivity of food crops such as rice, soybeans, cassava and cassava vine. This is evidenced by the significance value (Sig) rainfall against of the food crop productivity is more than 5% (0,05).Rainfall does not affect most of the food crop productivity in research area. This is due to irrigation in research area can be sufficient agricultural need, so a low rainfall would not be so affected the agricultural productivity.

4. Conclusion Not all production and productivity of agricultural affected by the rainfall. Rainfall in

research area affect the production of cassava vines as wes as the productivity of corn and peanuts. This is due to the research area of the water availability to meet the need of agricultural land is still insufficient.

Acknoledgements

Researchers say thanks to Faculty of Geography of The Universitas Gadjah Mada Thant has been providing a place for the publication of the journal through “The 13th Internasional Asian Urbanization Conference”.

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Y = 0,641 + 76,358X (4)