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8/20/2019 commissioning lecture (1).ppt
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays1
Test Options (1)
1. Primary injection sensitivity tests only
Minimum of time consumed
If results incorrect, secondary injection and CT testsrequired
Unable to check !
a. "dequate timin# curves
b. $irectional %ro%erties
c. Po&er and im%edance relays
'ot suitable for maintenance tests
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays2
Test Options (2)
(. )econdary injection tests
*+ut &ith C.T.s still connected-
True %rimary sensitivity easily equated
If results incorrect isolated relay and CT ma#.curve checks necessary
ef. for maint., but system outa#e required
Primary tests on C.T. ratio and %olarity stillrequired on commissionin#
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays3
/. )econdary injection tests
*+ut &ith relays isolated by test facility-
Proof of isolated relay characteristic obtained
ef. for maintenance obtained*relay if necessary tested &ith system on load-
0ull %rimary injectionon load tests done on initial
commissionin# only
Test Options (3)
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays4
2. 3n load tests
Checks that e4%ected C.T. 5.T. quantities %resent at test
facility
)cheme stability for e4ternal faults
Proof of correct directional characteristics
Test Options (4)
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays5
1. )econdary injection *isolated relay-
(. Primary injection
*incl. C.T. ratio, %hasin# and ma#. curve-
/. 3n load tests
Summary
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays6
To assure ourselves, and the interested authorities,
that the overall %rotective system functions
correctly
esist %ressures to take risks
)tudy &irin# dia#rams and %rotection requirements
6ey dia#ram
$ele#ate res%onsibilities
3bserve safety of self and others
Site Testing and Commissioning of Protection Equipment
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Commissioning Fo! C"art
Summary (1)
To assure ourselves, and the interested
authorities, that the overall %rotective
system functions correctly.
)tudy of &irin# dia#rams and %rotection
requirements.
Careful dele#ation of res%onsibilities to
reduce the du%lication of effort and to
ensure that all the follo&in# as%ects are
covered !
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Commissioning Fo! C"art
Summary (2)
Insulation Tests
)econdary Injection Tests *elay Tests-
7nsure clean dust free area
Mechanical ins%ection
3ut!#oin# contact &irin#
74ternal resistors
C.T. shortin# and isolatin# s&itches
Contact follo&!throu#h and %ressures
7lectrical checks on each basic electrical function
to %rove satisfactory o%eration Prove tri% and alarm circuits
Test results *record and maintenance %ur%oses-
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Commissioning Fo! C"art
Summary (3)
Primary injection tests
$.C. flick tests on C.T.s
C.T. ma# curve tests
C.T. ratio and %olarity tests
Primary sensitivity tests
)tability tests
Test results
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Commissioning Fo! C"art
Summary (4)
8ine Transformer 9enerator ener#isation
5.T. ratio and %hasin# tests
3n load tests
)tability tests
$irectional %ro%erties
At the end of each stage ask yourself :-
Is there anything wrong, wiring or otherwise,
that Ihave not checked that may prevent correctoperation
If so, CHECK I !" #
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#aintenance of
Protecti$e %eays (1)
$re%uency of &aintenance
'ictated (y :-
a) he site condition
() he availa(ility of maintenance sta* andresources
c) he availa(ility of plant outage times
d) he risks involved if the protection
should fail
e) he type of relay construction
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#aintenance of
Protecti$e %eays (2)
$re%uency of &aintenance +continued)
f) he proven relia(ility of devices underidentical site conditions
g) he availa(ility of (uilt-in self-checkfeatures
or semi-automatic test facilities, and thediculties of alternative tests
h) he interval of time an unepectedcatastrophic
failure, component or otherwise, thatmay go
undetected and leave the systemunprotected
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#aintenance of
Protecti$e %eays (3)
3nerous site conditions !
1. $usty or dirty environments
(. Corrosive chemical atmos%heres
/. 0requent or continuous vibration
2. :i#h humidity
;. :i#h or cyclin# tem%eratures
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#aintenance of
Protecti$e %eays (4)
5isual ins%ections
The commissionin# test sta#e
"t each maintenance test
"fter heavy fault clearance
More re#ularly if onerous site conditions
Calibration tests
Tri% testin#
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#aintenance of
Protecti$e %eays (&)
ecommended maintenance tests
Instruction manuals
ecord relay settin#s
5isual ins%ection
)econdary injection tests
Contact inte#rity
eturn to >in!service settin#s
Check ener#isin# quantities
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#aintenance of
Protecti$e %eays (')
elays involvin# static *electronic- com%onents
7lectro!static dischar#e *7)$-
?rist stra%s
Modern static relays *6!)7I7), MiC3M etc.-
0ault find to board level only
Protect boards
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Correcti$e #aintenance of
Protecti$e %eays (1)
Cleanin# solvents
Trichlortrifluorethane *3@one dama#in#-
*"rklone, 0reon, 0lourisol and )u%ersolve-
P3A3'7
Contact lubricants and other lubricants
Contact cleanin# burnishers
Contact %ressures and settin#s
$ust removal
elay recalibration *?hyB-
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Contents of Section 23 of P%*+ (1)
(Protecti$e %eay ppication *uide)
Insulation tests
Current transformer tests
5olta#e transformer tests
Test facilities
)econdary injection tests
3.C. and 7.0.
$ifferential
Pilot &ires
'e#ative %hase sequence
$irectional $istance
$.C. o%erated
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Primary Injection Test * on load tests-
3.C. and 7.0. relays
$irectional
9enerator $ifferential Transformer $ifferential
estricted 7.0.
Pilot ?ire
+usbar
'e#ative %hase sequence
Contents of Section 23 of P%*+ (2)
(Protecti$e %eay ppication *uide)
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Tri%%in# and "larm "nnunciation
Periodic Maintenance
In addition to P"9 !
Consult instruction manuals
Contents of Section 23 of P%*+ (3)
(Protecti$e %eay ppication *uide)
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o relay coils
o main .o maincurrenttransformers
o C testwindings+if any)
Test Termina ,oc-
o relay coils
o main .o maincurrent
transformers
o C testwindings+if any)
A / C A / C 0 A
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o relay coils
o main currenttransformers
o main .
A
/
C
0
A
/
C
0
Currenttestsockets
.oltagetestsockets
est selector swi&ake (efore (reon C Circuits
Test S!itc" and Soc-ets
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Current Transformer
Poarity C"ec-
12
13
4342 5-
1ush(uttonswitch
/attery
5-A
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays24
Current Transformer
%atio C"ec-
A / C
A2
A3
13 43
4212
1rimary in6ectiontest set
278. AC supply
9elay or test (lock contact ngers
73
est pluginsulation
;<
73
73
emporaryshortcircuit
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays25
Testing Current Transformer
#agneti.ing Cur$e
A / C
1343
4212
.
est plug isolatingcurrent transformersfrom relay coils
.aria(letransformer278. =A
278.A Csupply
4tep-up transforif re%uired
&ain circuit(reaker open
o relaycoils
A
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays26
/otage Transformer
P"asing C"ec-
A
/C
.3
.2
.0
.>
.
A / C 1hase rotationmeter
A
/C
.3
.2
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays27
K 2
K 1
A
9ange
ad6usting C
Coarse
controlreactor
$ine controlvaria(letransformer
278.A Csupply
4upplyswitch
/ackingtransformer38? control
&ediumcontrolreactor
In6ectiontransformer
4tarttimer
4toptimer
73
I
9elaycoil
9elay short-circuiting switch
9elay current I @ Ammeter reading +A)
O$ercurrent Test Set
, i C C Ci i
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays28
,asic Current Contro Circuit
of CF, Test0Set
228278.AC4upply78;8HB
hermal !verload !vervoltage1rotection
4upplyContractor
4upply 4horting4witch imer
4tart+/reak to 4tart)
>3 >2
38
.ariac .3
In6ectionD&atchingCFF
! . ' e t e c t o r
C i r c u
i t
!utputto9elay
723
;8HB
78HB
;8HB
78HB
3
8F3A
8F2A
8F7A
3A
2A
7A
38A
A
S i i i C" -
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays29
Sensiti$ity C"ec- on
,iased ifferentia %eay
est plug
ngers
/ /
!1
o main currenttransformers!ver current
test set
278.AFCF supply
!1 9elay operating coi/ 9elay (ias coil
T ti ,i C" t i ti
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays30
Testing ,ias C"aracteristics
(sing O$ercurrent Test Set)
To main current
transformers
+ +3P
I1I(
"1
I(
"(
Test %lu#fin#ers
I1
(;D5 ".C.su%%ly
3vercurrenttest set
T ti % ,i C" t i ti
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays31
Testing %eay ,ias C"aracteristic
(sing %esistances)
To main current
transformers
+ +
3P
I1I(
"1
I(
"(
1 (
Test %lu#fin#ers
I1
(;D5 ".C.su%%ly
"1 and "( "mmeters
3P elay o%eratin# coil
+ elay bias coil
S iti it T t
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays32
est
plug
$eeder isolated
/!1
1ilots
!vercurrenttest set
278.AFCF supply
A/C
9elay
contactngers
/!1
Sensiti$ity Test
T ti S iti it f ti
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays33
Testing Sensiti$ity of egati$e
P"ase Sequence %eay
A
/
C
0
!vercurrent
test set
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays34
Test Equipment for irectiona %eays
. .oltmeterA Ammeter1A 1hase angle mete
o other voltage coilsof relay under test+if re%uired)
A
/C0
.aria(letransformerfor currentcontrol
Choke
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays35
Primary n5ection Test Set
278. AFCF
supply
A
.aria(le transformer
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays36
Primary C"ec- on
#ain Current Transformers
emporary threphase short circ
1rimaryin6ectiontest set
278.AFCF supply
A
/
C
73
73
73
;<
A73 !vercurrent relay;< Earth fault relayA Ammeter
Sensiti$ity Test on Eart" Faut %eay
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays37
Sensiti$ity Test on Eart" Faut %eay
73
73
278.
AFCFsupply
A
/
C
73
;<
1rimaryin6ectiontest set
6oad Test on irectiona
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays38
6oad Test on irectiona
O$ercurrent %eays
>oadcurrent
A
/
C
'irection of powerowfor relay operation
1A
1A
A.
'irectional overcurrentrelays
A Ammeter. .oltmeter1A 1hase angle
meter
A /C
Test Pug 6in- Connections to
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays39
Test Pug 6in- Connections to
%e$erse Current seen 7y %eay
o relay
o main . and C
28 3J 3= 3 3; 37 3< 3G 32 33
3 2 G < 7 ; = J 38est plug
6oad Test on irectiona Eart" Faut %eay
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays40
6oad Test on irectiona Eart" Faut %eay
A Ammeter. .oltmeter1A 1hase angle meter
A
1A
.
1A
A / C 1
3
1
24
3
4
2
IA
7373
73
.
3.
2
.
>
.
0
emporaryshortcircuitconnectionsInsulatingstrips inrelay or test
(lock contact ngers
'irectionalearthfault relay
>oad
current
A Ammeter. .oltmeter1A 1hase angle meter
A
1A.
1A
A / C 1
3
1
24
3
4
2
IA
7373
73
.
3.
2
.
>
.
0
emporaryshortcircuitconnectionsInsulatingstrips inrelay or test
(lock contact ngers
'irectionalearthfault relay
>oadcurrent
Testing Sensiti$ity of *enerator ifferentia
-
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays41
Testing Sensiti$ity of *enerator ifferentia
Protection sing Primary n5ection Test
A/
C
= enerator di*erential r
. .oltmeterA Ammeter
1rimaryin6ectiontest set
278. AFCFsupply
enerator
Isolatinglinks
=.
=
A
=
Testing Sensiti$ity of *enerator ifferentia Protection
-
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays42
Testing Sensiti$ity of *enerator ifferentia Protection
sing *enerator to Suppy Primary Current
= enerator di*erential. .oltmeter
enerator
Isolatinglinks
A
/
C
emporary
shortcircuit
=.
==
C"ec-ing Sta7iity of *enerator
-
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays43
C"ec-ing Sta7iity of *enerator
ifferentia Protection
A
/
C
= enerator di*erentialA Ammeter
enerator
Isolating
links
emporaryshortcircuit
=
A
==
AA
4horts acrossrelaysta(ilising
resistors
Eart" Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec- on Transformer
-
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays44
Eart" Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec- on Transformer
ifferentia Protection
emporaryshortcircuit
A
278.AFCFsupply
1rimary
in6ection
testset
!peratingcoils
= = =
/iascoils
A
/
C
P"ase Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec- on Transformer
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays45
P"ase Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec- on Transformer
ifferentia Protection
emporaryshortcircuit
A
278.AFCFsupply
!peratingcoils
= = =
/iascoils
A
/
C
1rimaryin6ectiontest set
Sta7iity C"ec- on Transformer
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays46
Sta7iity C"ec- on Transformer
ifferentia Protection
emporary shortcircuitenerator
= ==
/iascoils A
L
!peratingcoils
Instantaneous current distri(ution forthree-phase short circuit with phase A
current at maimum
Sensiti$ity C"ec- of %estricted
-
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays47
Sensiti$ity C"ec- of %estricted
Eart" Faut Protection
A278. AFCF
supply
1rimaryin6ectiontest set A
/
C
;<
.
;< Earth $ault 9elayA Ammeter. .oltmeter
Sta7iity C"ec- of %estricted Eart"
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays48
Sta7iity C"ec- of %estricted Eart"
Faut Protection
;< Earth $ault 9elA Ammeter
278. AFCFsupply
A
/
C
;<
A emporary shortcircuit
A
1rimaryin6ectiontest set
Sensiti$ity C"ec- of egati$e
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays49
Sensiti$ity C"ec- of egati$e
P"ase Sequence %eay
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays50
Test Pug 6in- Connections for
6oad Current Test
o relay
lter network
28 3J 3= 3 3; 37 3< 3G 32 33
3 2 G < 7 ; = J 38
A / C 0
Eart" Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec-
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays51
Eart" Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec-
of Piot 8ire %eay
/ 9elay (ias coil !1 9elay operating coil A
Ammeter
A
/
C
278. AFCF supply
1rimaryin6ectiontest set
A
/
!1
1ilots toremoteend relay
P"ase Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec-
-
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays52
P"ase Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec-
of Piot 8ire %eay
/ 9elay (ias coil!1 9elay operatingcoilA Ammeter
A / C
1rimaryin6ectiontest set
A
!1
1ilots toremote
end relay
/
278. AFCF supply
6oad Current istri7ution
-
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays53
6oad Current istri7ution
Instantaneous currentdistri(ution of three-phase
(alanced load withphase A current atmaimum
A / C A /C$eede
r
/
!1
/
!1
1ilots
S"ort0Circuiting Connections
-
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays54
S"ort Circuiting Connections
on Test Pug for 6oad Test
o relay summation C
A / C 0
28 3J 3= 3 3; 37 3< 3G 32
3 2 G < 7 ; = J
4hort circuiting connectionson rear of test plug
o main currenttransformers
A
%atio C"ec- of Current Transformers
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays55
%atio C"ec- of Current Transformers
of %eference Circuit
A3 and A2 Ammeters
= /us(ar 1rotectionrelayJ7 4upervision relayJ7 /us wires short-
circuiting relay
= ==J7
J7
A/C
0
A2
Mone(us
wires
estlinks
1rimaryin6ectiontest set
A3
278.AFCFsupply
Poarity C"ec- of %eference
-
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays56
y
Circuit Current Transformers
A Ammeter
= /us(ar 1rotection relayJ7 4upervision relayJ7 /us wires short- circuiting relay
= ==J7
J7
A/C0
A
Mone
(uswires
estlink s
1rimaryin6ectiontest set
A278.AFCFsupply
emporary short circuitA /
C
CT nter0*roup %atio and Poarity C"ec- in
-
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays57
p y
,us7ar Protection Sc"eme
A3 Ammeter for ratio check
A2 Ammeter for polarity
check = /us(ar protection relayJ7 4upervision relayJ7 /us wires short- circuiting relay
2 7 8 . A F C
F s u p p l y
emporary
shortcircuit
1 r i m a
r y
i n 6 e c t i
o n
t e s t s
e t
A/C0
A
A
3
A
3
A
3
A
3
A2A2
A2
9eference
circuit
est circuit
est
link s
Mone(uswires
J7===J7
Sensiti$ity C"ec- of ,us7ar
-
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> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays58
y
Protection Sc"eme
= ==J7
J7
A/C
0
Mone(us
wires
estlinks
1rimaryin6ectiontest set
A
278.AFCFsupply
.
A /C
Sta7iity Test
-
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y
est
plug
/!1
!vercurrenttest set
278.AFCF supply
A
/C
/!1
est
plug
1ilots