Commercial Landscape Irrigation Basics 1 Dave DeWolf – Consultant.
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Transcript of Commercial Landscape Irrigation Basics 1 Dave DeWolf – Consultant.
1
Commercial LandscapeIrrigation Basics
Dave DeWolf – Consultant
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Lake County
Photo provided courtesy of Christie Cooper
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WATER EFFICIENT LANDSCAPE
(AKA)
WEL GARDEN
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WEL???
Photo provided courtesy of GardenSoft
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WEL - Benefits
oEnvironmentoWater and air qualityoScreens noises/unpleasant sightsoRefuge for people and wildlifeoModerates temperature
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WEL - ReduceoDaily & Seasonal peak water demandoGreen waste productionoRun-offoSoil erosionoHardscape damageo$$$$
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Lake County WEL
Photo provided courtesy of Christie Cooper
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What is a Water
Budget/Allocation?
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Landscape Water Budget
Most commonAmount of water required to maintain a healthy
landscape Landscape Size (sq/ft) Water requirements of plants. Inches of precipitation per sq/foot of soil.
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Landscape Water Budget
Result of a comprehensive Landscape/Irrigation Audit
Landscape observations Irrigation system evaluation Scientific calculations/Formulas
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ObservationsWater source
ControllersSensors
Plant Material/ConditionDensity
Micro Climate(s)Soil
Sprinklers/Application DevicesMaintenance/Condition Issues
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Water source
MetersPotable or ???
WellsPumps
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Controllers
Manual ValvesManually Programmed
Smart ControllersSensors
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Smart Water Irrigation Technologies(SWAT)
Climate Based Irrigation ControllersSoil Moisture Sensors
Weather Sensors
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Signal, Weather and Web Based Controllers
Photo by RainBird
Photo by WeatherTrak
Photo by Weathermatic
Photo by RainBird
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Soil Moisture Sensors
Photo courtesy of Irrometer
Photo courtesy of RainBird
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Tensiometers
Washington State UniversityCooperative Ext., Pub#PW0475 James, GJ Principles of Farm ISD
John Wiley, 1988
IPM News. Michigan State University, Pascal Nzokou
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Plant Material/Condition
What is being irrigated?How do the plants look?
What’s a WUCOLS?
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Density Factor
Photo provided courtesy of Dave DeWolf
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Low Density
Photos provided courtesy of GardenSoft
Medium Density
High Density
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Micro ClimateWhat is constantly influencing the landscape?
Photo provided courtesy of GardenSoft
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Soil
Soil Category / TextureSlope
CompactionStanding Water
23<Coarse Medium Fine >
Soil Texture
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Saturation
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Soil Moisture
Diagram provided by COMET UCAR
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Irrigation SchedulingSandy / Coarse
Faster applicationLonger durationSchedule more
frequentlyLoam / Medium
Moderate applicationSchedule less often
Clay / FineShorter durationsMultiple start/stop
times
Image provided by www.dripdepot.com
Coarse Medium Fine
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Sprinkler Type(s)How is the water getting to the plants?
Rotor
Spray
DripOR ???New Technology
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Maintenance and Condition Issues
Photos provided by Dave DeWolf
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Simple Fixes
Photos provided by Dave DeWolf
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Irrigation Terminology
EvapotranspirationIrrigation Efficiency
Distribution UniformityPrecipitation Rate
Hydro-Zone
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Water converted
from liquid to vapor
that does not pass
through the plant.
Evaporation
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TranspirationWater passes from
soil Into plant root hairs
Up through the stemExits leaves into the
airDiagram provided by courtesy of COMET UCAR
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EvapoTranspiration (ET)
Sum of water lost from Evaporation and water used
by plant Transpiration
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Reference ET (ETo)
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CIMIS – Station 13
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WEATHER Solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed
SOIL FACTORSSoil texture, structure andchemistry
PLANT FACTORSPlant type, root depth, density, height, and stage of growth
If, ETo = 0.25 inches/day (for July 15, 1985) and, Kc = 0.55 (for an orange tree in July) then, ETc = ETo x Kc = 0.25 inches/day x 0.55 = 0.1375 or 0.14 inches/day.
Transpiration RateETo Climate Indicators
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Distribution Uniformity (DU)
Properly sized and matched sprinkler heads
Sprinkler spacing
Photo courtesy of El Dorado Irrigation District
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Precipitation Rate (PR)
Rate that irrigation water is applied per unit of time Measured in inches per hour (in./hr.)
Photo courtesy of the Center for Irrigation Technology at California State University, Fresno
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Irrigation Efficiency (IE)
Influenced by things you can and cannot control
Photo courtesy of Dave DeWolf
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Hydro-Zone
Photo courtesy of GardenSoft