Page No. 1

1

COMMERCIAL CREW TO ISS

Michael SuffrediniManager, ISS Program

NAC Space Operations CommitteeSeptember , 2010

Page No. 2

What Commercial Crew means to ISS

US capability to transport crew members to & from ISS with rescue capability

Dis-similar redundancy for crew transportation– Protects the ability to launch ISS crews if one vehicle type has

to stand down to address a systemic issue> Soyuz carried crews post Columbia

Potential to reduce costs– Currently only one provider in the world– One or more commercial providers would create competitive

pressure on prices– Commercial Innovation has the potential to reduce costs.

Opportunity for NASA to reassess, streamline and restate requirements.

Page No. 3

Commercial Contractor

NPR 8705.2B, Human Rating

Requirements for Space Systems

Mandatory Standards for Health and

MedicalMandatory Standards

for Engineering

Mandatory Standardsfor Safety and

Mission Assurance

Commercial HumanSystems Integration

Requirements

Commercial Human Rating Certification

Plan

Level 1 • HQ Human Rating Requirements for

all NASA missions• Agency Level S&MA, Health and Medical, and Engineering Standards

Level 2 (Responsible Program)

Commercial Contractor

Level 2 • Identifies Mission Applicable Human

Rating Requirements•Identifies Tailored Mandatory Standards

ISS is working with the Commercial Crew Planning Office to consolidate the Crewed vehicle requirements from numerous policies, and documents into only key requirements documents

ISS Commercial CrewRequirements Definition

SERVICES REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT• Key service criteria

• Level one requirements • Safety and Crew Health requirements for the non ISS

attached mission phase• Critical crew interfaces that ensure safety or ability to

perform critical parts of the mission.

ISS INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT• Physical requirements to interface to ISS

• High Level Joint Operations Requirements• Safety requirements for the approach and attached

mission phase• Critical crew interfaces that ensure safety or ability to

perform critical parts of the mission.

Page No. 4

ISS Commercial Crew Requirements

High level ISS crew transportation requirements

– Transport up to 4 ISS crew members safely to ISS every ~180 days. Crew ready to perform ISS tasks upon arrival

– Safely return up to 4 ISS crew members to the US every ~180 days Need early access to crew to provide medical care

and perform human research data collections.– Provide an anytime crew rescue function

Lifeboat for crew in case of ISS emergencies such as fire, depressurization, or atmospheric contamination (1 in 115, for six month increment)

Transportation for a critically ill or injured crew member (1 in 285 probability, for six crew for one increment)

Need early access to crew for emergent medical care

Page No. 5

Every visiting vehicle has costs/impacts associated with it.

– Engineering to ensure ISS is ready to accept the vehicle> Solar Array constraints> Power Analysis during docking timeline> Contamination due to pluming and off-gassing> Logistics required for crew overlap time periods( A typical

overlap of 10 days for crew of three is ~400 kg/yr)> Propellant required to support attitude maneuvers to

docking/undocking attitudes.– Operations to execute the ISS activities

> Planning> Training controllers/ crew> ISS MCC to commercial vehicle MCC Coordination> Flight Rules development> Execution

Impacts from arriving/departing vehicles

Page No. 6

Impacts from arriving/departing vehicles

– Crew time> Prepack> Attitude Maneuver (usually 3 hours prior to docking)> Approach/ Departure monitoring> Vehicle configuration (depress vestibules, leak checks, etc.)> New crew orientation (safety, lay of the land)

Flight Program Working Group (FPWG)Crew Rotation and Port Utilization Graphic – For Reference Only

NASA Official: Sean FullerPrepared by: Scott Paul

Chart Updated: Sept. 8th, 2010SSCN/CR: 12498 + 12465A

For current baseline refer to SSP 54100 IDRD Flight Program

LaunchSchedule

Crew Rotation

Stage EVA

Port

Util

izat

ion

2010 11/7End DST

3/13Daylight Savings 2011

PMA-2

SM-Aft

FGB/MRM1

DC-1

MRM2(SM Zenith)

Node 2Nadir

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAYAUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

11/6End DST

Launch |β| - Cutout (60°)|β| > (60°)

28S9/30

No232

22S

38P

SpX-D36/6

12/24

SpX-D24/12

9/24

24S10/8

No701No407

39P9/10

24S

10/10

39P

12/20

25S12/13

No230

25S

12/1511/30

Increment 26

9/12

No408

40P10/27

40P

4/14 – 4/16

SpX-D2Window

(22S)↓(22S)↓(22S)↓

R

RN

(22S)↓

(22S)↓

(22S)↓175 days

175 days175 days

N

RN Walker

Yurchikhin

Wheelock (CDR-25)

(23S)↓

(23S)↓

(23S)↓167 days

167 days167 days

Inc 25 Inc 24

6/8 – 6/26

SpX- D3

8/31

10/26 10/29

ATV2

HTV21/20

1/27 - 2/24

HTV2 SpX-1

7/22 – 8/22

3/16

1/24 1/31

26S3/30

No231

NRR

S. Kelly (CDR-26)

Skripochka

Kaleri159 days (24S)↓159 days (24S)↓159 days (24S)↓

RN

E

Kondratiev (CDR-27)Coleman

Nespoli

Launch – Undock = 137 days

SpX-17/20

SpX-D110/20

No410

42P4/27

5/16

NR

R

(26S)↓(26S)↓(26S)↓

Inc 27 Increment 28

26S

4/1

4/26

27S5/30

No702

27S

6/1

N

R

(27S)↓(27S)↓(27S)↓

5/10

(25S)↓(25S)↓(25S)↓

43P

6/23

No411

43P6/21

A. Borisienko (CDR-28)R. Garan A. Samokutayev

J

ATV212/16

9/16

No412

44P8/30

SpX-211/4

SpX-2

11/6 – 12/16

8/29

42P

4/29

44P

9/1

M. Fossum (CDR-29)S. Furukawa

S. Volkov

154 days

154 days154 days

170 days

170 days170 days

No409

41P1/28

41P

Strategic Timeframe

R-28

No413

45P10/26

45P

10/28 2/2610/25

28S

10/2

29S11/30

No703

29S

12/2

NR

R

(28S)↓(28S)↓(28S)↓

(29S)↓(29S)↓(29S)↓

Inc 29 Increment 30

R

N

R-29 R-30

28 d berth

11/16

#3-26

10/10 – 11/1

Orb-D1

Orb-D110/5

170 days

170 days170 days

40 d berth22 days

11/12, 11/17 (u/r)

R-26, 27

31 days 18 day

U-15, 16, 17

12/15 – 1/8ATV Dck Win

2/9 – 2/14 2/21 – 3/11ATV ATV

ULF6

2/28 - 3/811/3 – 11/10

ULF5

STS13311/01

103(11+1)190 nm2 EVA

(12+1)190 nm3 EVA

105

STS1342/26

LON-MPLM

7/1 – 7/8

8/7, 8/11, 8/16

8/22 – 8/26 11/17 – 11/25 1/14 – 1/22 4/16 – 4/19 6/11 – 6/20 8/11 – 8/17 11/10 – 11/178 docked8/13 – 8/24

8 docked11/7 – 11/23

8 docked1/4 – 1/20

8 docked4/6 – 4/17

Peak ~ 62.0°8 docked

6/1 – 6/188 docked

8/1 – 8/158 docked

10/31 – 11/15

#3-57

STS335LON-MPLM

6/28

104(12+0)

4-crew1 EVA

23S

3/16

Burbank(CDR-30)Shkaplerov

Ivanishin

168 days

168 days168 days

Kononenko (CDR-31)Kuipers

Petit

167 days

167 days167 days

E

5/15

(22S)↓(22S)↓(22S)↓

RRN

(30S)↓(30S)↓(30S)↓

4/1

MLM(NET 5/1)

2/29 5/1 5/16

3/5 u/r

ATV3

3/8 u/r

No414

46P2/27

30S3/30

No704

5R (MLM)NET 5/1

47P5/14

31S5/29

SpX-34/12

Orb-13/7

ATV32/29

HTV31/12

SpX-3

4/14 – 5/1329 d berth

3/10 – 4/9

Orb-1 30 d berth

1/17 -2/16

HTV33/630 days

1/7– 1/16 4/11Peak ~ 60.5°

U-18 R-31

2012

Inc 31

46P

Flight Program Working Group (FPWG)Example Commercial Crew – For Reference Only

NASA Official: Sean FullerPrepared by: Scott Paul

Chart Updated: Sept. 10th, 2010

For current baseline refer to SSP 54100 IDRD Flight Program

LaunchSchedule

24S

NOV DEC JAN FEB

RR

MAR APR MAY JUN JUL

R

AUG SEP OCT

1 Year

NOVRR

DEC JAN MARFEBOCT

R

1 Year

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Commercial Vehicle

Commercial Vehicle

Commercial Crew Option-3a

Commercial Vehicle

HTV

Soyuz

Soyuz

Progress Progress

ATV Progress

Progress

ATV

Soyuz

Progress Progress

4 4

4 4 4 4Orion (Unmanned)

Orion (Unmanned)

R

RR

R

RR

CRS CRS CRS CRS CRS CRSCRS

N

N

NCom

mer

cial

Vehi

cle

Soyu

z

3 3

3 3

3 3

4-Months4-Months4-Months

4-Months4-Months4-Months

4-Months4-Months4-Months

4-Months4-Months4-Months

Node 2Zenith

SM-Aft

FGB/ MRM1

DC-1

Port

Util

izat

ion

MRM2

Node 2Nadir

Node 2Forward

US

OS

RS

OS

Soyuz Soyuz SoyuzProgressProgressProgressProgressProgressProgress

ATVAriane

HTVHII-B

CRS LV

CRS LV

CRS LV

CRS LV

CRS LV

CRS LV

CRS LV

OrionLV

CCVLV

CCVLV

CCVLV

Soyuz

Progress

Progress

N N4-Months 4-Months

NN 4-Months 4-Months

N

N

N

4-Months4-Months4-Months

N 4-Months

N

N

NN

Commercial Vehicle4 4

Orion (Unma

Co

CCVLV

OrionLV

CCVLV

Flight Program Working Group (FPWG)Example Commercial Crew – For Reference Only

NASA Official: Sean FullerPrepared by: Scott Paul

Chart Updated: Sept. 10th, 2010

For current baseline refer to SSP 54100 IDRD Flight Program

LaunchSchedule

NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT

1 Year

NOV DEC JAN MARFEBOCT

1 Year

Commercial Crew Option-2a

Progress Progress

ATV

Progress

ATV

Progress Progress

Orion (Unmanned)

Orion (Unmanned)

Com

mer

cial

Vehi

cle

Soyu

z

Node 2 Zenith

SM-Aft

FGB/ MRM1

DC-1

Port

Util

izat

ion

MRM2

Node 2Nadir

Node 2Forward

US

OS

RS

OS

ATVAriane

HTVHII-B

CRS LV

CRS LV

CRS LV

CRS LV

CRS LV

CRS LV

CRS LV

N

N

N

N

6-Months6-Months

6-Months6-Months

N

N6-Months6-Months

N

N6-Months6-Months

N

N6-Months6-Months

N

N

N

N6-Months6-Months

HTVCRS CRS CRS CRS CRS CRSCRS

Commercial Vehicle

Commercial Vehicle Commercial Vehicle

Commercial Vehicle

Commercial Vehicle

CV

CCVLV

CCVLV

CCVLV

CCVLV

CCVLV

CCVLV

OrionLV

Soyuz Soyuz SoyuzProgressProgressProgressProgressProgressProgressSoyuz Progress

24S Soyuz

Soyuz

Soyuz 3 3

3 3

3 3

RR

R

RR

R

R

RR

R

RR

Progress Progress

6-MonthsN

N6-Months6-Months

Page No. 10

Challenges

Additional visiting vehicles beyond the minimum required have impacts to the ISS

– Increased total cost for transportation> Cost per vehicle may go down, but total cost will go up

(due to additional flights to ISS)– Increased propellant usage that must be resupplied at

$40,000/kg(~$6 to $13M/year)– Power balance while supporting the arrival/departure of a

visiting vehicle results in a reduction or termination of payload activity.

– The Microgravity environment of the ISS is affected for every arrival/ departure due to contact loads and propulsive attitude control.

Page No. 11

Challenges

Additional visiting vehicles beyond the minimum required have impacts to the ISS (cont.)

– ISS crew time is required to support each arrival/departure. Based on current experience an additional vehicle will consume 25 crew hours which with two additional flights is 5% of the US utilization hours for a given 6 month increment or 10% of the National Lab/ Commercial allocation.

– Commercial vehicle must arrive on its contracted date. Significant delays could risk decrewing ISS which greatly increases the likelihood of losing the ISS (10 times more likely to lose ISS when decrewed)

Page No. 12

Forward Work

ISS Program will – Continue to define, streamline, and clarify with

industry the ISS requirements for a crew transportation/rescue vehicle

– Define and request budget for initial operational flights in 2015.> Protecting for backup Soyuz capability in

2015– Develop docking system with delivery on orbit

in 2014– Continue to streamline ISS processes to

increase Utilization for National Laboratory and Commercial customers