Command and Control for Border Protection

Johnny ChabalalaSaab South Africa

2

Scope

• Discuss approached to Border control

• C2 solutions for Border control

AIM

• To discuss the use and benefits of Command and Control for border control

• Training and Simulation integration for Command and Control

Border Control approaches

• Conventional approach– Deploy maximum personnel to border areas– Manpower intensive– Costs can influence deployment numbers and duration

• New approach– Deploy technological systems from appropriate role players and

manage inputs for efficient and better border control and management

• Minimises deployed human resources– Increase situational awareness to all levels and stake holders– Continuous tracking and monitoring of personnel and assets– Utilising training and simulation to improve operational

effectiveness

Border control execution

• Border control is not a one man show• Control of borders needs well planned and coordinated

efforts on the part of all role players• Border Management Agency (BMA) is the custodian of the

border control function but not the day to day executor • NATJOC will be the recipient of information from various

sources (coordinating and planning function)• NATJOC will task relevant elements to act on incidents

(planned and contingency operations/events)• Assets and personnel will be deployed efficiently as and

when required

Use of command and control for border control

• Use of command and control technologies will have the following advantages– Efficient utilisation of all resources– Provides real time situational awareness – Enhances the output of the commander in terms of situational

awareness and decision making under stressful circumstances– Quick sharing of intelligence and information– Real time distribution of tasks– Is interoperable and integrated with training and simulation systems– It is the ultimate decision support tool– The commander uses these technologies to be able to command

and control his human resources and material assets

Requirements for command and control

• Standardise Command and Control• Standing Operating Procedures• Common Operational language• Common Operational planning process• Common Doctrine• Common Simulation and Training exercises• Create interfaces in cases where standardisation is not

easily achieved due to – Cost– Difference in operations– Legacy system are still in use– Phased approach is used to achieve standardisation over time

Command and Control systemS

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Force or assets location

• Track assets and personnel on border duties– Position is relayed to a computer system in a mobile deployable

control room– Position can be plotted and shown on a geographical map display

Mobile Command and Control

• Mobile Command, Control, Communication & Information System

• Comms sub-system also deployed on Patrol Boats to provide an integrated solution

Capabilities

• Command & Control Capability– Action Information System

• Integrated Display of Patrol Boat & Radar Tracks

• Radar Inputs • Tracks• Historical Trace of Tracks• Logging of Tracks (War Diary)• Basic Track Management • Display Common Map Formats

• Communication Capability:– Voice and data connectivity via military and

commercial radios– Data encryption and frequency hopping on

tactical radio networks – Satellite Communication (via Broadband Global

Area Network)– Wireless Networking (Internal Comms)– Email and Internet Access via Satellite Terminal

Deployment – Base Camp

Wireless Communication

• VSAT– Remote access anywhere– Scalability in application– Quick to deploy

• Aerostat– Flexible communications platform – Quick to deploy with low personnel requirement

• Wimax– Point to multi-point radio network– Radio Network coverage up to 30 km– Extend content offering to outdoor and mobile environments– Offer fixed and mobile convergence (data and voice) services

• Turn key services– Network engineering– Deployment services– Support Services

Wimax / VSAT network covering Military camp

CCTV Camera

Telephone and computer

Connected to network

Wimax Base Station

for communication coverage

VSAT Connected

To Satellite

Aerostat with Wimax and VSAT Backhaul

Sensors (Radar, IFF, DF)Military & CivilianStatic & Mobile

Ground Based Air Defense Systems

(GBADS)

Remote Radio Sites

Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications

Network (AFTN)

Airborne Air Defense Systems

Radio Switch Network (RSN)

Surface Based Air Defense Systems

C4I AIR SOLUTIONSSurveillance Control & Air Defence System (SCAD)

Data

Voice

Intelligence for Ops System

Mission Ground Support Systems (Gripen, Hawk,

Rooivalk)

Military Image Interpretation

Computer System

Security Server

Intelligence Analysis (GARBEL Client)

Civil Air Movements Database

GARBEL Server

Air Tasking Order System

Recording & Playback System

Air Picture Display System

Air Picture Display System

Airborne surveillance

Surveillance aircraft fitted with AEW&C Mission System provides national security, meeting the threats in a changing world. These systems offers total control over air and sea.

Training and simulation

• Training and simulation is a command responsibility• Combined training for all role players

– Facilitate seamless integration (for various departments)

• Mission rehearsal can improve efficiency, optimise operational and contingency plans and vastly reduce costly errors

AIRFighter educationMission & support training

LIVE TRAININGEmbedded Training Precision Gunnery & Skills Tactical TrainingLive fire TrainingDrill Rounds

VIRTUAL TRAININGFlight simulatorsWeapon TrainingLogistic Training

CONSTRUCTIVE TRAININGCommand and Staff TrainerEmbedded trainingSurveillance TrainingCrisis Management TrainingCBT

LANDWar fighter trainingRadar & Surveillance Training

SEACommand and Staff Trainer

CIVILFirst responderCrises Management

Training and Simulation Capabilities

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Weapon handling and knowledgeFiring techniquesAiming proceduresLive fire

Crew and commanders influenceUnit performing battle techniquesPerformance under increased stressLive fire

Combat techniquesStandard operating proceduresIncreasing stress factorOperations in special environments

Tactical situationsInternational /Joint environmentRules of engagementOther systems C2 etc

Training – Total Capability Provider

CPX PROCEDURAL TRAINING USING SIMULATIONS

Exercise Control

Determine Desired OutcomesDevelop Script using Real IncidentsControl Exercise TempoDrive After Action Review

Simulation Control

Develop Simulation SolutionSimulate Required C4I Functions

Opposing Force ActionsSituational AwarenessCommunication Links (Telephone, Intranet, etc..)Integrate with existing C2 Systems

Training AudienceOperate in Real Environment, using real systemsAll required Command, Control and Communication systems in place, be it real or simulated systems

Individual and Small Team Training using simulation

Individual Training

Shoot or don’t shoot (Minimum Force) scenario training, using virtual shooting ranges. Live Fire or Laser Fire Options.

Computer Based Training, testing required knowledge on the use of force, Law of Armed Conflict and required Area and Mission Specific Knowledge

Small Team (Integrated) Training

Live Fire Simulation Training (Using Blank Ammunition)Force on Force TrainingUse Real Weapons with Full Battle KitOperate in Real EnvironmentWear Laser Receiving Jackets, With Laser Simulating FireAs Close to Real Combat Situations As Possible: Still Safe

Conclusion

• Command and control will ease use and control of deployed assets

• Role players will have access to information they require to perform their tasks

• Command and control systems can include legacy systems• Command and control systems are available COTS/MOTS• C4IS is an essential element of Border control structure

linking the Strategic level to the Tactical level for all components, military, police and civilian.

• Training and Simulation as a command function prepares role players to perform tasks

Thank You

Questions?