comert
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Intrebare "CONLINEBILL 2000" standard form has 3 boxes markes with (*). By filling in those boxes A "clean" bill of lading is a A bareboat chartered ship is employed on a time charter and a subsequent voyage charter. Which of the below is t A bill of lading can accomplish his fuction of document of title if the carrier A bill of lading function as a receipt of the freight if A bill of lading issued "to order", without naming any other person or firm, has to be first indorsed by: A cargo can be considered delivered A charter-party is a document setting down rights and obligations of A loaded bulk carrier receives a call for assisance from a vessel that has suffered a major engine breakdown in mi A loading or discharging port for a vessel employed on a voyage charter must be a safe port A master had inspected a parcel of iron rods in coils and found some rusty. Nonetheless, he negligently failed to in A notice of readiness indicating that the vessel will be ready to load in 2 hours from the moment it is tendered: A ship employed by a port charterparty can be considered an arrived ship: A ship employed on a berth charterparty can be considered an arrived ship: A ship has discharged a cargo of coal and is about to sail. If the shipowners are still owed freight, how can their lien A ship has on board two cargoes covered by two different charterparties and one of them is overstowing the other. A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the A ship needs some urgent spare parts and require help from a ship belonging to the same shipowner which is in th A ship was due to load at two very sentitive cargoes: onion and chocolate, and due to limited space in holds she lo A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load ""min/max 10,000/11000 mts steel plat A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load "10,000 mts steel plates 5pct molchop" A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load "10,000 mts steel plates 5pct moloo". U A ship with cargo on board is drifting without engine power in mid ocean and master is requesting towage. Would t A ship with deadweight cargo capacity of 32,800 metric tons has loaded 32.500 metric tons and no cargo is availab A ship with deadweight cargo capacity of 35,000 metric tons has loaded 32.500 metric tons and no further cargo is A shipowner pay his expenses in EUROs and he enters into a time charter agreement with hire payable in USD. W A through bill of lading is A time charter for one single voyage is known as A valid notice of readiness is clearly mentioning that A veesel is employed to load a cargo from berth 35 at Constanta port and that berth is not free on vessels arrival. I A veesel is entitled to tender NOR if: A vessel employed into a time charter contract is considered off-hire if A vessel employed on condition SSHEX EIU, arrives at loading port on a Friday late evening and laytime starts as f A vessel employed to load 5000 metric tons steel plates 5 % molchop is described in a charter-party as having a D A vessel is employed for loading a cargo from "one safe port Galatzi" and due to congestion port authorities order t A vessel is employed for loading, under the same charterparty, from two ports for discharging at three ports. If the A vessel is employed on a lumpsum basis and due to an excepted peril one third of the cargo is lost during the voy A vessel is employed under a voyage charter which clearly stipulates that only clean cargo is to be loaded. On arriv A vessel is fixed to load 3000 metric tons with a loading rate of 1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX A vessel is fixed to load 3000 metric tons with a loading rate of 1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 12000 metric tons an A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 15000 metric tons an A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 15000 metric tons an A vessel with various cargoes on board including 5 containers on deck collides with a tanker. During collission 2 co A vessel with various cargoes on board including 5 containers on deck collides with a tanker. During collission 2 co Abrevierea "1 GSPB AAAA" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire inseamna: According to Hague rules the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and disch According to Hague rules"ship" means According to Hague Visby Rules the carrier is entitled to deviate from the usual route
Transcript of comert
Intrebare"CONLINEBILL 2000" standard form has 3 boxes markes with (*). By filling in those boxesA "clean" bill of lading is aA bareboat chartered ship is employed on a time charter and a subsequent voyage charter. Which of the below is the party responsible for vessels seaworthinessA bill of lading can accomplish his fuction of document of title if the carrierA bill of lading function as a receipt of the freight ifA bill of lading issued "to order", without naming any other person or firm, has to be first indorsed by:A cargo can be considered deliveredA charter-party is a document setting down rights and obligations ofA loaded bulk carrier receives a call for assisance from a vessel that has suffered a major engine breakdown in mid Atlantic. Which of the below should be the bulk carrier master's considerationd before offering a tow?A loading or discharging port for a vessel employed on a voyage charter must be a safe portA master had inspected a parcel of iron rods in coils and found some rusty. Nonetheless, he negligently failed to instruct the the mate to clause the mate's receipts accordingly and shippers presented for signature "clean on board" bills of lading. Under these circumstances:A notice of readiness indicating that the vessel will be ready to load in 2 hours from the moment it is tendered:A ship employed by a port charterparty can be considered an arrived ship:A ship employed on a berth charterparty can be considered an arrived ship:A ship has discharged a cargo of coal and is about to sail. If the shipowners are still owed freight, how can their lien on the cargo be exercised after she has sailed?A ship has on board two cargoes covered by two different charterparties and one of them is overstowing the other. On arrival at the discharging port master tenders in the same time two notices of readiness and discharging commence with the cargo loaded on top. In respect of the cargo understowed can be said that:A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the intended berth was free, but due to fog vessel was unable to proceed to that berth for 3 days. Under these circumstances when the ship can be considered an arrived ship?A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the intended berth was not free and anyhow due to fog vessel would have been unable to proceed to that berth for 3 days, even if she was free. Under these circumstances when the ship can be considered an arrived ship?A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the intended berth was not free and she eventualy became free two days after vessels arrival. Shortly after the berth became available, navigation was suspended due to fog and vessel had to wait three days before she was berthed. Under these circumstances:A ship needs some urgent spare parts and require help from a ship belonging to the same shipowner which is in the same region at sea. The spare parts can only be delivered if the two ships come one close to the other. Under these circumstancesA ship was due to load at two very sentitive cargoes: onion and chocolate, and due to limited space in holds she loaded both cargoes in the same hold. Due to smell, chocolate arrived in a damaged condition at discharging port and charterers considered that the vessel was not seaworthy. In which of the below situations will charterers claim succed on grounds of unseaworthiness?A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load ""min/max 10,000/11000 mts steel plates". Under these circumstances charterer is under an obligation to loadA ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load "10,000 mts steel plates 5pct molchop". Under these circumstances charterer is under an obligation to loadA ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load "10,000 mts steel plates 5pct moloo". Under these circumstances charterer is under an obligation to loadA ship with cargo on board is drifting without engine power in mid ocean and master is requesting towage. Would this action be considered a General Average Act?A ship with deadweight cargo capacity of 32,800 metric tons has loaded 32.500 metric tons and no cargo is available. Under these circumstances master is required to issue a dead freight letter if vessel was employed on expressionA ship with deadweight cargo capacity of 35,000 metric tons has loaded 32.500 metric tons and no further cargo is available. Under these circumstances master is required to issue a dead freight letter if vessel was employed on expressionA shipowner pay his expenses in EUROs and he enters into a time charter agreement with hire payable in USD. When do you think the owner should include in to the charter-party a clause against currency fluctuations?A through bill of lading isA time charter for one single voyage is known asA valid notice of readiness is clearly mentioning thatA veesel is employed to load a cargo from berth 35 at Constanta port and that berth is not free on vessels arrival. If charterparty is including the expression "weather in berth or not", master is entitled to tender NORA veesel is entitled to tender NOR if:A vessel employed into a time charter contract is considered off-hire ifA vessel employed on condition SSHEX EIU, arrives at loading port on a Friday late evening and laytime starts as from Monday morning. If during weeked work is carried out, thenA vessel employed to load 5000 metric tons steel plates 5 % molchop is described in a charter-party as having a DWCC of 5250 metric tons. If on the way to the loading port the price of the bunker is better than market priceA vessel is employed for loading a cargo from "one safe port Galatzi" and due to congestion port authorities order the vessel to drop anchor at Sulina bar and wait for a free berth. Under these circumstances the vessel is arrived shipA vessel is employed for loading, under the same charterparty, from two ports for discharging at three ports. If the charperparty is silent on procedure for tendering Notice of readiness thenA vessel is employed on a lumpsum basis and due to an excepted peril one third of the cargo is lost during the voyage. What is the freight charterer has to pay?A vessel is employed under a voyage charter which clearly stipulates that only clean cargo is to be loaded. On arrival at loading port master submit to the shippers a letter with his preliminary remarks and a notice of protest stating that only clean cargo has to be loaded. Shippers accept all master's remarks and insist that all cargo be loaded. Under these circumstancesA vessel is fixed to load 3000 metric tons with a loading rate of 1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX EIU (Time from Friday 17.00 hours up to Monday 08.00 hours not to count even if used). Laytime starts on Thurdays at 14.00 hours and loading is completed on Saturday at 17:00 hours. If despatch agreed is USD 4000 per day or pro rata for all time saved what would be the total despatch payble to the charterers?A vessel is fixed to load 3000 metric tons with a loading rate of 1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX EIU (Time from Friday 17.00 hours up to Monday 08.00 hours not to count even if used). Laytime starts on Thurdays at 14.00 hours and loading is completed on Saturday at 17:00 hours. If despatch agreed is USD 4000 per day or pro rata for for working time saved what would be the total despatch payble to the charterers?A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 12000 metric tons and after completion of loading cargo distribution per hold is as follows: H1:3500 metric tons; H2:4900 metric tons; H3:4600 metric tons. If loading rate is 500 metric tons per hatch per weather working day, laytime allowed isA vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 15000 metric tons and after completion of loading cargo distribution per hold is as follows: H1:4000 metric tons; H2:5800 metric tons; H3:5200 metric tons. If loading rate is 500 metric tons per hatch per weather working day, laytime allowed is:A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 15000 metric tons and after completion of loading cargo distribution per hold is as follows: H1:4000 metric tons; H2:5800 metric tons; H3:5200 metric tons. If loading rate is 500 metric tons per working hatch per weather working day, laytime allowed is:A vessel with various cargoes on board including 5 containers on deck collides with a tanker. During collission 2 containers slip into the sea and there is cargo damage at hold number 1. In order to avoid sinking the master decide to run aground and during the manouevre another container is jettisoned and the vessel loose the starboard anchor. After grounding temporar repairs are carried out and vessel proceed to a refuge port where she is docked. Under these circumstances below expenses and sacrifices are considered general averageA vessel with various cargoes on board including 5 containers on deck collides with a tanker. During collission 2 containers slip into the sea and there is cargo damage at hold number 1. In order to avoid sinking the master decide to run aground and during the manouevre another container is jettisoned and the vessel loose the starboard anchor. After grounding temporar repairs are carried out and vessel proceed to a refuge port where she is docked. Under these circumstances below expenses and sacrifices are considered particular averageAbrevierea "1 GSPB AAAA" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire inseamna:According to Hague rules the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the goods carried. In this context, do the words "properly and carefully" imply the same degree of care as exercising due diligence?According to Hague rules"ship" meansAccording to Hague Visby Rules the carrier is entitled to deviate from the usual route
According to Hague Visby Rules the carrier is entitled to limit his liability for loss or damage to the cargo toAccording to Hamburg rules the carrier is able to limit his liability for delay in delivery of the cargoAccording to Hamburg rules the carrier is entitled to carry cargo on deckAccording to Hamburg rules the carrier is entitled to limit his liability for loss or damage to the cargo toAccording to Hamburg rules, the signature on the bill of lading may be:According to VOYLAYRULES 93 "clear days" shall meanAccording to VOYLAYRULES 93 despatch for all time saved should mean thatAccording to Voylayrules 93 the word "Demurrage" shall meanAccording to Voylayrules93 "reversible laytime" shall meanAccording to VOYLAYRULES93 "weather working days" shall meanAccording to VOYLAYRULES93 "working days, weather permiting" shall meanAccording with Cancelling Clause of Gencon 94 standard form should the owners anticipate that, despite the exercise of due diligence, the vessel will not be ready to load by the cancelling date, they shall notify the charterers thereof without delay stating the expected date of the vessel readiness to load and asking whether charterers will exercise their option for cancelling the charter-party or agree a new cancelling date. Such option must be declared by the charterersAccording with Cancelling clause of Gencon 94 standard form should the vessel not be ready to load (whether in berth or not) on the cancelling dateAccording with deviation clause from GENCON 94 the vesselAccording with Gencon 94 standard form laytime shall commenceAccording with Gencon 94 standard form the cargo shall be brought into holds, loaded, stowed and/or trimmed, tallied, lashed and/or secured and taken from the holds and discharged byAccording with Gencon 94 standard form the freight is paybale onAccording with Gencon 94 standard form, if the charterers do not reply within 48 runnig hours after the receipt of owners notice of missing the cancelling date, the charter-party is deemed to be ammended and the new cancellind date isAccording with Hague Rules definition of "goods" includes ?According with Lien clause from Gencon 94 standard form the owners shall have a lien on cargo and on all subfreights payable in respect of the cargo forAccording with VOYLAYRULES 93 the word "berth" shall meanAccording with VOYLAYRULES 93 the word "port" shall meanAcording to Hague Rules, the carrier is discharged from all liability in respect of loss or damage to the cargoAcording to Hamburg rules, the carrier is not entitled to the benefit of the limitation of liability if it is proved that the loss, damage or delay in delivery of the cargoAcording with common law a vessel is seaworthy if she isAcreditivul se defineste ca:After one of the set of original bills of lading is presented to the master and delivery is made in exchange of this bill, what happens to the other bills in the setAlthough at common law oral Notice of Readiness is acceptable, almost always the charterparty privides for tendering NOR in writing. In this context "in writing" shall meanAndosarea unui conosament se poate face: Are the shipowners of a time chartered vessel entitled to put lien on a cargo carried by the vessel under a voyage charter for non payment of hire?Are the vessels required by law to be H&M or P&I insured?Armatorul este indreptatit sa primeasca navlu fara deduceri dacaAs a general rule, damages resulting from a collision between two ships are covered:As a general rule, the bill of lading has to be issued toAssessment of premium for a H&M insurance can iniatially be divided into below distinct two elementsAssuming that a Notice of Readiness is accepted by a charterer or his agent, when will laytime commence if caharterparty contain a Notice of Readiness clause ?Atunci cind intr-un contract de navlosire se inscrie cuvintul “about” cu privire la viteza navei:Atunci cind se vorbeste despre " starea si conditia aparenta" a marfurilorBanca nu accepta plata unui conosament care se prezinta la incasare mai tarziu de :Bancile accepta la plata conosamentele care mentioneaza ca "navlul a fost platit anticipat" ?Bancile accepta la plata un conosament care are inscris un alt loc de preluare a marfurilor decat portul de incarcare ?Bancile accepta la plata un conosament care are mentionat ca expeditor o alta persoana decat beneficiarul acreditivului ?Bancile accepta la plata un conosament care are o data de emitere posterioara datei de valabilitate stipulata in acreditiv ?Based on how the box "consignee" of a bill of lading is filled in, bills of lading can be classified as:Before proceeding on a voyage, the master of a time chartered vessel decides to disregard charterers orders as to the specific course of the voyage and to follow a route which he considers preferable. Under these circumstances:Bunurile fungibile sunt acele bunuri care:By including a demurrage clause in a charterpartyCan a time charterer have a master dismissed?Can there be General Average where a time chartered ship is in ballast?Can there be General Average where a voyage chartered ship is in ballast?Cand decade carausul din dreptul la limitarea raspunderii conform rregulilor de la Hamburg :Cand este indreptatit armatorul sa retraga o nava din "BARE BOAT"?
Cand este preferata modalitatea de plata prin credit documentar fata de incaso documentar?Cand o nava este in "time charter" si navlositorul este nemultumit de prestatia comandantului poate sa:Cand se admit "scrisori de garantie" in legatura cu cantitatea si/sau starea si conditia aparenta a marfurilor incarcate?Cand se aplica Regulile York-Anvers?Cand se considera o nava sosita?Cand se poate exercita de catre armator "dreptul de retentie" pe marfa pentru neplata chiriei pentru o nava in "time-charter"?Cand sunt necesare operatiuni de amarare, asigurare, fardare, cine suporta costul lor in transportul de linie?Cand trebuie sa se semneze la nava ordinul de incarcare?Caracterul de extraneitate al unui contract de vanzare internationala este dat de:Care a fost solutia adoptata pentru a depasi o parte din problemele ce pot aparea din amendarea clauzelor standard:Care a fost una din cele doua revolutii tehnice din transportul maritim in ultima jumatate a secolului XX?Care a fost una din cele doua revolutii tehnice din transportul maritim in ultima jumatate a secolului XX?Care din urmatoarele afirmatii sunt corecte?Care din urmatoarele aspecte trebuie sa faca parte din clauza de determinare a cantitatii de marfa intr-un contract de vanzare cumparare internationala?Care din urmatoarele cheltuieli sunt suportate de armator in cazul contractului de navlosire pe timp?Care din urmatoarele cheltuieli sunt suportate de navlositor in cazul contractului de navlosire pe timp?Care din urmatoarele clauze pot fi considerate ca fiind subintelese intr-un contract de navlosire pe voiaj?Care din urmatoarele conditii de livrare se folosesc foarte des in transportul maritim?Care din urmatoarele grupe de nave poate fi considerata ca fiind Panamax?Care din urmatoarele modalitati de stabilire a staliilor se incadreaza in categoria staliilor fixe?Care din urmatoarele modalitati de stabilire a staliilor se incadreaza in stalii nedefinite?Care din urmatoarele obligatii ale armatorului pot fi considerate ca fiind subintelese intr-un contract de navlosire:Care din urmatoarele riscuri formeaza obiectul asigurarii P&I:Care dintre urmatoarele afirmatii este in discordanta cu prevederile Institute Waranties Limits?Care dintre urmatoarele lucruri trebuie sa le faca un comandant care considera ca nava sa este apta de a incarca o anumita marfa si cu toate acestea ea este refuzata in mod nejustificat de mai multe ori de surveyor:Care dintre urmatoarele modalitati de stabilire a staliilor se incadreaza in categoria staliilor determinabile?Care dintre urmatoarele particularitati poate fi considerata ca fiind o particularitate a transportului maritim de linie Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului?Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului?Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului?Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului?Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului?Care este al cincilea caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga :Care este al doilea caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga :Care este al treilea caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga :Care este continutul dosarului de avarie comuna ?Care este diferenta dintre conditiile de livrare FOB si CIF din punct de vedere al momentului in care riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator?Care este diferenta intre un conosament si un "MULTIDOC"?Care este documentul utilizat in contractul multimodal care indeplineste functiile conosamentuluiCare este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzual in contractele de navlosire "SHEX"?Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzuala in contractele de navlosire "EIU"?Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzuala in contractele de navlosire "SHINC"?Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzuala in contractele de navlosire "UU"?Care este intelesul clauzei "rye terms" cu privire la calitatea marfii?Care este intelesul clauzei "sound delivered" cu privire la calitatea marfii?Care este intelesul clauzei "tel quel" cu privire la calitatea marfii?Care este intelesul cuvantului ”about” in cazul in care se foloseste la inscrierea in contract a capacitatii de incarcare a navei sau a capacitatii volumetrice:Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "Wibon"?Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "wiccon"?Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "Wifpon"?Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "Wipon"?Care este modalitatea de angajare a navei cand costul operatiunilor de incarcare si descarcare sunt in contul navlositorului?
Care este modalitatea de angajare a navei in care costul operatiunilor de incarcare si descarcare este in contul armatorului?Care este modalitatea de plata a chiriei pentru o nava in time/charter?Care este momentul inceperii staliilor potrivit clauzei "Timpul de stalii" din contractul GENCON 1994 ?Care este norma de incarcare in transportul cu navele de linie?Care este numele de cod pentru contractele de inchiriere a navei nude?Care este particularitatea conosamentului "CONLINEBILL 2000"?Care este primul caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga :Care este principala caracteristica a unui TIME/CHARTER?Care este procedura de indeplinit la neplata chiriei?Care este procedura pe care o indeplineste armatorul unei nave in "time-charter" cand navlositorul nu plateste chiria stabilita prin contract.Care este regimul juridic al cuvintelor radiate ale unui contract de navlosire?Care este relatia intre continutul conosamentului si prevederile acreditivului?Care este semnificatia angajarii BSS 0/0Care este semnificatia angajarii BSS 1/1?Care este semnificatia clauzei CIF?Care este semnificatia clauzei LINNER TERMS intalnita in contractele de navlosire?Care este semnificatia clauzelor FIO, FIOS, FIOT dintr-un Ch/P?Care este semnificatia expresiei "indiferent daca este in dana sau nu" (WHETHER IN BERTH OR NOT)?Care este semnificatia expresiei "stalii reversibile"?Care este semnificatia expresiei "to average laytime"?Care este socotita "regula de aur" a comertului international pe mare?Care reguli reglementeaza avaria comuna?Care sint expresiile referitoare la costul operatiunilor de incarcare, descarcare si stivuire care se regasesc intr-un contract de navlosire?Care sint obiectivele asigurarii P & I ?Care sint obligatiile carausului inainte de inceperea calatoriei conform regulilor de la Haga ?Care sint obligatiile carausului inainte si la inceperea calatoriei conform regulilor de la Haga ?Care sint uzantele uniforme internationale referitoare la conditiile de livrare a marfurilor in contractul comercial de vinzare internationala?Care sunt caracteristicile avariei particulare?Care sunt cele mai uzuale clauze inserate in conosament cu privire la plata navlului?Care sunt cerintele pe care trebuie sa le indeplineasca ambalajul marfii?Care sunt clauzele inscrise in conosament care limiteaza raspunderea armatorului fara a transforma conosamentul in "FOUL"?Care sunt clauzele inscrise in conosament care limiteaza responsabilitatile armatorului fara a transforma conosamentul in "FOUL"?Care sunt clauzele inscrise in conosament, care limiteaza responsabilitatea armatorului fara a transforma conosamentul in "FOUL"?Care sunt clauzele referitoare la "DESPATCH"care pot fi inserate intr-un contract de navlosireCare sunt conditiile ce trebuie indeplinite pentru ca staliile sa conteze?Care sunt conditiile de livrare conform INCOTERMS 2000 incluse in grupa "F"?Care sunt conditiile de livrare, conform INCOTERMS 2000, incluse in grupa "C"?Care sunt conditiile de livrare, conform INCOTERMS 2000, incluse in grupa "D"?Care sunt conditiile pe care o nava trebuie sa le indeplineasca pentru ca staliile sa inceapa sa curga?Care sunt conventiile internationale ale caror cerinte trebuie satisfacute de o nava pentru a fi in "buna stare de navigabilitate"?Care sunt documentele mentionate in contractul de vinzare/cumparare internationala, ce implica transport maritim, care stabilesc cantitatea de marfa expediata?Care sunt factorii care pot influenta valoarea navlului?Care sunt factorii care pot influenta valoarea navlului?Care sunt functiile conosamentului?Care sunt functiile principale ale marcajului unei marfi?Care sunt modalitatile de angajare a navei cand costul operatiunilor de incarcare si descarcare sunt impartite intre parteneriCare sunt modalitatile de plata a navlului?Care sunt obiectivele unei inspectii "on hire"?Care sunt prevederile ale CONVENTIEI KYOTO/SEPT-1974 referitoare la transportul marfurilor sub sigiliul navalCare sunt principalele caracteristici ale unui contract "BARECON"?Care sunt principalele categorii de raspunderi ale armatorului asigurate de Cluburile P&I?Care sunt principiile asigurarii maritime?
Care sunt recomandarile BIMCO in legatura cu activitatea comandantului cand nava este in "time charter"?Care sunt reglementarile internationale referitoare la transportul de marfuri pe mare pe baza de conosamente?Care sunt sursele de informatii pentru completarea conosamentului?Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru inchirierea navei in Charter by Demise?Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru inchirierea navei in time-charter?Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul carbunelui?Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul cerealelor?Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul cherestelei?Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul marfurilor generale?Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul minereului?Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul produselor petroliere?Care sunt unitatile de calcul al navlului?Cargo manifest isCat prevede CSC ca poate circula un container daca nu are afectata structura de rezistenta?Cate categorii de avarii intalnim in transportul de marfuri pe mare?Ce are la baza regimul juridic specific contractelor comerciale de vanzare internationala ?Ce atribute dau regulilor INCOTERMS caracterul de uzante uniforme internationale?Ce categorii de marfuri poate transporta o nava in "time-charter"?Ce clauza inscrisa in conosament afecteaza conosamentul ca document de plata?Ce clauza inscrisa in conosament afecteaza conosamentul ca document de plata?Ce clauze sunt avantajoase in contractul comercial de vinzare internationala pentru o tara care dispune de o flota marititima?Ce conosamente se folosesc in transportul de linie?Ce conosamente standard se utilizeaza in transportul multimodal si containerizat?Ce contine lista de incarcare la o nava specializata numai in transportul containerelor?Ce cuprinde masa pasiva (debitoare)?Ce diferente exista intre expresiile "working days of 24 hours" si "working days of 24 consecutive hours" conform VOYARULES 93:Ce documente sunt folosite pentru intocmirea "Time Sheet"?Ce efect are introducerea clauzei "PARAMOUNT" intr-un conosament?Ce este "manifestul marfii"?Ce este "navlul"?Ce este "OUTTURN REPORT"?Ce este "rata navlului" (FREIGHT RATE)?Ce este "STATEMENT OF FACTS"?Ce este "tona de navlu" (FREIGHT TON)?Ce este avaria comuna (GENERAL AVERAGE) ?Ce este barateria (BARRATRY)?Ce este coeficientul de contributie la avaria comuna?Ce este contractul “slothire”?Ce este foaia de pontaj?Ce este navlul (FREIGHT)?Ce este o clauza tipizata?Ce este placuta de securitate C.S.C?Ce este TIME-SHEET-ul ?Ce este un "conosament cu remarci" (FOUL BILL OF LADING)?Ce este un "conosament direct" (THROUGH BILL)?Ce este un "RIDER" la contractul de navlosire?Ce este un "time-sheet"?Ce este un BROKER?Ce este un CHARTER PARTY?Ce este un conosament imbatranit?Ce este un dispasor (AVERAGE ADJUSTER)?Ce este un operator de transport multimodal conform prevederilor "CONVENTIEI DE LA GENEVA"?
Ce factori influenteaza valoarea navlului?Ce factori pot influenta valoarea navlului?Ce factori pot influenta valoarea navlului?Ce fel de marcaj se foloseste in cazul materialelor explozive?Ce inseamna "conosament" conform Regulilor de la Hamburg 1978?Ce inseamna "navlu platibil la destinatie" (FREIGHT PAYABLE AT DESTINATION)?Ce inseamna cuvintul sarbatoare (HOLIDAY)?Ce inseamna expresia "navlul platit anticipat" (FREIGHT PREPAID)?Ce inseamna expresia "port sigur" (SAFE PORT)?Ce inseamna expresia "WEATHER WORKING DAY"?Ce inseamna expresia WWWW inserata intr-un contract in legatura cu N.O.R?Ce intelegeti prin expresia "No cure - No Pay"Ce inteles are expresia "UNLESS USED"?Ce mentiuni speciale trebuie sa cuprinda protestul de mare intocmit in urma unei avarii comune?Ce pagube acopera asigurarea "CASCO"?Ce poate rezulta din intocmirea time-sheet-ului?Ce presupune caracterul consensual al unui charter-party?Ce prevad regulile de la HAMBURG referitor la marfurile incarcate pe punte?Ce prevede "Clauza de avarie comuna" din GENCON 1976?Ce prevede "Clauza de deviere" din GENCON 1994?Ce prevede "clauza de retentie" din GENCON 1994?Ce prevede "Clauza de reziliere" din GENCON 1994?Ce prevede clauza "dreptul de retentie" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire?Ce prevede contractul GENCON 1994 referitor la repartizarea costurilor si riscurilor cu privire la incarcarea marfurilor?Ce prevede GENCON 1994 referitor la cheltuielile de incarcare /descarcare in legatura cu coletele cu o greutate mai mare de doua tone ?Ce prevede regula de interpretare (YORK-ANVERS) ?Ce raguli considera conosamentul un document care face dovada " unui contract de transport pe mare si a preluarii sau incarcarii marfurilor de catre carausCe reprezinta asigurarile P&I?Ce reprezinta caracterul sinalagmatic al unui contract de vanzare cumparare internationala?Ce reprezinta protestul de mare?Ce se intampla daca din motive subiective nava nu poate realiza viteza economica prevazuta prin contract?Ce se intelege cambie documentara?Ce se intelege prin "buna stare de navigabilitate legala"?Ce se intelege prin "conosament la ordin"?Ce se intelege prin "conosament la purtator"?Ce se intelege prin "conosament nominativ"?Ce se intelege prin "despatch"?Ce se intelege prin "dispasa"?Ce se intelege prin "forta majora" (ACT OF GOD) ?Ce se intelege prin "navlu global" (LUMP SUM)?Ce se intelege prin "Notice of readiness"?Ce se intelege prin "RUNING DAYS" sau "CONSECUTIVE DAYS"?Ce se intelege prin "stalii determinabile"?Ce se intelege prin "WEATHER PERMITTING"?Ce se intelege prin acreditiv?Ce se intelege prin arbitraj (ARBITRATION) ?Ce se intelege prin armator?Ce se intelege prin avarie comuna?Ce se intelege prin avarie particulara?Ce se intelege prin buna stare de navigabilitare (SEAWORTHINESS)?Ce se intelege prin buna stare de navigabilitate contractuala?Ce se intelege prin bunuri fungibile?
Ce se intelege prin bunuri nefungibile?Ce se intelege prin clauza "ballast bonus" introdusa intr-un contract "time-charter"?Ce se intelege prin clauza BRUTTO/NETTO referitoare la includerea pretului ambalajului in pretul marfii?Ce se intelege prin CLEAR DAY sau CLEAR DAYS ?Ce se intelege prin CONTRASTALII ?Ce se intelege prin credit documentar?Ce se intelege prin cuvantul "contrastalii"?Ce se intelege prin cuvantul "DEMURRAGE" inserat intr-un contract de navlosire?Ce se intelege prin cuvintul "marfuri" conform regulilor de la Haga ?Ce se intelege prin expresia "CUSTOMARY (QUICK) DESPATCH"?Ce se intelege prin expresia "dana sigura" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire?Ce se intelege prin expresia marfuri conform regulilor de la Haga?Ce se intelege prin incasoul documentar?Ce se intelege prin masa activa (creditoare) in cazul unei avarii comune? Ce se intelege prin navlosire?Ce se intelege prin scrisoare de credit?Ce se intelege prin scrisoare de garantie bancara?Ce se intelege prin stalii ?Ce se intelege prin stalii reversibile?Ce se intelege prin termenul "in scris" (IN WRITING) folosit in legatura cu notice-ul?Ce se intelege prin termenul avarie?Ce se intelege prin urmatoarea prescurtare foarte des folosita in contractele de navlosire referitor la despatch "DHDATSBE"?Ce se intelege prin urmatoarea prescurtare foarte des folosita in contractele de navlosire referitor la despatch "DHDWTSBE"?Ce se intelege prin vinculatie?Ce semnifica caracterul oneros al contractului comercial de vanzare internationala?Ce semnifica caracterul oneros al unui charter-party?Ce semnifica cifra de la rubrica "ALLOWABLE STACKING WEIGHT FOR 1,8g" de pe placuta CSC?Ce semnifica expresia "Dreptul de retentie al carausului" (CARIER'S LIEN)?Ce semnifica PER HATCH PER DAY? Ce semnifica UNLESS USED la durata si calculul staliilor ?Ce semnifica WEATHER PERMITTING la durata si calculul staliilor ?Ce semnificatie are angajarea BSS 0/2Ce semnificatie are clauza "OWNER`S RESPONSIBILITY CLAUSE" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire?Ce semnificatie are clauza de substituire intr-un charter - party?Ce semnificatie are clauza F.I.O. intr-un charter - party?Ce semnificatie are clauza F.I.O.S. intr-un charter - party?Ce semnificatie are clauza F.I.O.S.T. intr-un charter - party?Ce semnificatie are clauza NEW JASON intr-un charter-party?Ce semnificatie are clauza PARAMOUNT intr-un charter-party sau conosament?Ce semnificatie are cuvintul "dana" inscris intr-un contract de navlosire?Ce semnificatie are cuvintul "port" inserat intr-un contract de navlosire?Ce semnificatie are DAYS referitor la durata si calculul staliilor?Ce semnificatie are termenul "caraus" conform Regulilor de la Hamburg 1978?Ce stabileste clauza FOB?Ce sunt clauzele subantelese ale unui contract de navlosire?Ce trebuie prevazut intr-un contract de vinzare-cumparare international pentru a determina corect cantitatea de marfa Ce trebuie sa contina clauza de livrare/relivrare a unei nave in "time-charter"?Ce trebuie sa contina un protest de mare cand se face extinderea lui?Ce trebuie sa contina un protest de mare?Ce trebuie sa descrie comandantul navei la extinderea protestului de mare in cazul unei avarii comune?Ce trebuie sa se intocmeasca la bordul navei pentru ca armatorul asigurat sa beneficieze de despagubiri in cazul unor avarii?Ce urmareste proprietarul navei in perioada cand nava este inchiriata in "Charter party BY DEMISE?
Ce valoare juridica are o scrisoare de garantie sau alte garantii date de incarcator pentru semnarea unor conosamente ce nu sunt in concordanta cu Mate's Receipt?Ce variante ofera contractul GENCON 1994 in legatura cu plata navlului?Cind este exonerat carausul si nava de orice raspundere pentru pierderi sau pagube produse marfurilor, conform regulilor de la Haga ?Cind nu se aplica regulile de la Haga ?Cind se aplica regulile de la Haga ?Cind se aplica regulile YORK-ANVERS unui contract?Cind se elibereaza conosamentul conform regulilor de la Haga?Cine confirma din partea navei cele inserate de stivatori in raportul zilnic de lucru?Cine evidentiaza existenta contractului de transport in cazul navelor de linie?Cine nominalizeaza compania de stivatori in transportul de linie?Cine suporta costul combustibilului cand o nava este inchiriata in "BARE BOAT"?Cite zile de contrastalii sint admise in contractul GENCON 1994?Clauza "DHDATSBE" inseamna:Clauza "FDBE"inserata intr-un contract semnifica:Clauza "incetarii raspunderii" inserata intr-un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare semnufica:Clauza "LINER TERMS" intr-un charter-party semnifica:Clauza de avarie generala intr-un contract de navlosirte semnifica :Clauza de deviere intr-un contract de navlosirte permite comandantului sa se abata din drum pentru aprovizionare cu alimente ?Clauza DHDWTSBE inseamna:Clauza Hardship are drept scop:Clauzele de reziliere a contractelor datorita razboiului se utilizeaza in urmatoarele contracte de navlosire:Comandantul navei va mai fi in legatura cu proprietarul navei pe perioada inchirierii in "BARE BOAT"?Companiile de linie formeaza de obicei conferinte. In acest context notiunea de conferinta poate considerata ca fiind:Conform "cesser clause" carausul are drept de retentia asupra incarcaturii ?Conform "Lien clause" : Conform "VOYAGE CHARTE PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin expresia "X weather working days" (X weather working days of 24 hours; X weather working days of 24 consecutive hours)?Conform "VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin expresia "X days"(se mai folosesc X running days; X consecutive days)?Conform "VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin "X working days, weather permiting"?Conform "VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin expresia "X clear days"?Conform "VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin expresia "X working days" (se mai folosesc X working days of 24 hours; X working days of 24 consecutive hours)?Conform clauzei de cancello inserata intr-un contract de navlosire, optiunea navlositorului de rezilliere a contractului sau de acceptare a intarzierii rezonabile a navei trebuie sa parvina navei in timp de cel mult :Conform clauzei de retentie inserata intr-un contract de navlosire, retentia marfurilor este generata de :Conform princiului maximei bune credinte, din cadrul asigurarilor maritimeConform refulilor INCOTERMS 2000 care este conditia de livrare din grupa F recomandata in cazul in care marfurile se incarca pe o nava RO-ROConform regulii de interpretare din regulile York AntwerpConform Regulilor de la Hamburg carausul efectiv este raspunzator pentru intarzierea in livrare cauzata printr-o imprejurare care s-a produs in timp ce marfurile erau in grija sa ? Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg destinatarul are obligatia sa transmita carausului o notificare scrisa de pierdere sau de avariere a marfurilor : Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie inserarea numarului de conosamente originale?Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a datei sau perioadei de livrare a marfurilor ?Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a destinatarului marfurilor ?Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a marcajului marfurilor ?Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a modalitatii de plata a navlului ?Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a numarului de conosamente originale?Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a starii aparente a marfurilor?Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg intr-un conosament este obligatorie inserarea locului de emitere a acestuia?Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg raspunderea carausului pentru marfuri acopera perioada in care :Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg raspunderea carausului pentru marfurile transportate pe punte este similara cu raspunderea pentru marfurile incarcate sub punte, daca:Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg termenul "caraus efectiv" inseamna:Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg, actiunile indreptate impotriva carausului cu privire la pierderea sau avarierea marfurilor ce fac obiectul contractului de transport maritim sau pentru intarzieri in livrare, pot fi fundamentate pe: Conosamentele eliberate de case de expeditii care nu sunt membre FIATA (house bill of lading), pot fi negociate?Conosamentul "la ordin" este:Conosamentul "la purtator" este negociabil?
Conosamentul direct (through bill of lading) se elibereaza cand:Conosamentul este "titlu de valoare" deoarece: Conosamentul este un instrument probatoriu deoarece:Conosamentul fractionat impropriu:Conosamentul nominativ se elaboreaza:Conosamentul primit pentru incarcare este:Conosamentul standard de linie (conlinebill a fost elaborat si aprobat de:Contarea timpului de stalii este influentata de:Contractul de navlosire este documentul prin care se reglementeaza drepturile si obligatiile:Contractul de navlosire pe timp esteContrastaliile incep sa conteze:Contrastaliile nu se conteaza daca:Contrastaliile se conteaza:Corporatia Lloyds’ este: Cui se aplica prevederile Conventiei pentru Securitatea Containerelor?Cui se subordoneaza comandantul cand nava este in "time-charter"?Cum este definita avaria comuna conform "Regulii A" (YORK-ANVERS)?Cum influenteaza modalitatea de angajare a navei valoarea navlului?Cum poate actiona comandantul pentru grabirea operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare?Cum poate exploata nava un "disponent owner" in perioada cand o are in "BARE BOAT"?Cum poate fi depusa semnatura pe conosament conform regulilor de la HAMBURG?Cum procedeaza o banca atunci cand primeste conosamente cu clauze restrictive?Cum se aplica clauza "pe gura de magazie pe zi" (PER HATCH PER DAY)?Cum se calculeaza staliile/contrastaliile/despatch-ul la navele de linie?Cum se defineste "Notice-ul de sosire" (NOTICE OF READINESS)?Cum se defineste asigurarea CASCO ?Cum se defineste caracterul consensual al contractelor de vanzare cumparare internationala?Cum se defineste caracterul translativ de proprietati al contractului de vanzare internationala?Cum se defineste expresia "zile lucratoare" (WORKING DAYS)?Cum se defineste functia conosamentului de dovada a preluarii marfurilor spre transport?Cum se defineste functia conosamentului de titlu de credit reprezentativ al marfurilor?Cum se defineste un "conosament curat" (CLEAN BILL OF LADING)?Cum se defineste vinzarea internationala?Cum se interpreteaza termenul "EXCEPTED" sau "EXCLUDED" inserat intr-un contract?Cum se intocmeste protestul de mare in cazul unei avarii comune?Cum se numeste Conventia internationala care stabileste formele de securitate a containerelor in transportul maritim?Cum se numeste documentul prin care se rezerva spatiu pe o nava de linie?Cum se plateste chiria in cazul unui contract "BARE BOAT"?Cum vor incepe sa conteze staliile conform contractului GENCON 1994 functie de inaintarea NOR?Cum vor incepe sa conteze staliile in contractele de navlosire de pe piata produselor petroliere?Daca actele unei nave angajata in "time charter" expira in perioada de angajare, armatorul are obligatia:Daca avem conosamentul marcat cu clauza "freight to be paid 95% in 5 B/D AFFER S/R of Bs/L" si dupa cele 5 zile bancare navlul nu a fost platit ce va face armatorul?Daca carausul sau alta persoana care emite conosamentul in numele sau nu face in conosament mentiuni privind starea aparenta a marfurilor, se considera conform Regulilor de la Hamburg ca: Daca dupa rata de incarcare sau descarcare de "1000metric tons per weather working days SSHEX" se foloseste expresia "unless used" atunci:Daca expertii tehnici ai armatorului gasesc la inspectiile tehnice grave probleme, cand nava este inchiriata in CH/P BY DEMISE, atunci:Daca in contractul de navlosire se mentioneaza ca nava va incarca un anume tip de marfa atunci:Daca in contractul de navlosire se mentioneaza nivelul contrastaliilor ca fiind 3000 per day si navlositorul depaseste perioada de stalii cu 2 zile 3 ore si 36 minute atunci aceasta datoreaza armatorului:Daca in situatia in care o nava depune toate diligentele pentru a ajunge in portul de incarcare inainte de expirarea datei de reziliere si totusi nava constanta ca nu poate ajunge pina la acea data si il informeaza pe navlositor despre acest lucru navlositorul este obligat conform GENCON 1994 sa raspunda daca accepta sau prelungirea contractului in termen de Daca intr-un conosament la rubrica "Portul de descarcare" se inscrie din greseala "Bucuresti" atunci:Daca intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp gasiti expresia „delivery APS Constanta”Daca intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp gasiti expresia „delivery DLOSP” urmata de numele unui port in care se folosesc 2 servicii de pilotaj: de mare si de riuDaca intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp gasiti expresia „delivery DOP Constanta”
Daca la rubrica ”consignee” a unui conosament este inscris numele unei firme atunci acest conosament este:Daca marfa nu a sosit in port si ea a fost ferm angajata pe o nava de linie cum va proceda comandantul?Daca navlositorul nu raspunde unei notificari corecte de intirziere a navei peste data de reziliere a contractului in termen de 48 de ore de la primirea ei atunci conform GENCON 1994: Daca o nava angajata pe baza expresiei "1000 metric tons per working day weather permitting SSHEX" transmite corect NOR la ancorare si apoi asteapta o anumita perioada de timp in rada inainte de a intra in port atunci:Daca o nava angajata pe baza expresiei "1000 metric tons per working day weather permitting SSHEX" transmite corect NOR la ancorare si apoi asteapta o anumita perioada de timp in rada inainte de a intra in port atunci:Daca o nava are deadweight-ul net de 5200 tone ce implicatii are inscrierea acestuia intr-un contract de navlosire pentru o nava angajata sa incarce 5000 tone 5% mai mult sau mai putin in optiunea navlositorului?Daca printr-un contract de navlosire s-au agreat stalii reversibile atunci:Daca un tanc petrolier este angajat la nivelul WS80, si conform WORLD SCALE navlul intre doua porturi este de 18$ USD pe tona atunci navlul unitar pe care il va primi armatorul este:Damages for detention are paidDe cate feluri sunt asigurarile "CASCO" din punct de vedere al duratei contractului de asigurare?De ce navlositorii in anumite cazuri refuza sa plateasca tot navlul anticipat?De cine poate fi semnat un conosament conform regulilor de la Hamburg?De cine sunt reglementate avariile comune?De cite feluri sint asigurarile maritime ?Delivery of cargo at destination can be made against:Demurrage is countedDemurrage is NOT payble if:Demurrage is ussualy paidDemurrage start countingDespatch is payableDespatch-ul se platesteDin ce se compun regulile YORK-ANVERS 1974?Dintr-un contract de vanzare cumparare internationala nu pot lipsi:Disponent owner-ul din contractul de BAREBOAT poate numi comandant?Disponent owner-ul se poate imprumuta la banca garantand cu nava?Do ship's masters and crew have an insurable interest in a maritime adventure?Documentul utilizat in transportul multimodal conform Conventiei Internationale referitoare la transportul modal se numeste :Does the shipowner have a lien for General Average contributions?Dry cargo market can be consideredDupa ce criterii se apreciaza caracterul restrictiv al mentiunilor facute de comandant pe conosament?Dupa modul de intocmire conosamentele pot fi:Emiterea unui conosament fara rezerve cu privire la starea aparenta a marfurilor se poate face in baza unei scrisori de garantie prin care incarcatorul se obliga sa despagubeasca carausul?Endorsement of a Bill of lading can be made:Evaluarea nivelului primei de asigurare H&M pentru o nava se face in functie de urmatoarele elemenete distincte:Explicati denumirea conventionala"Seaworthy packing".Expresia "100% after signing but Before releasing of Bs/L" inserata intr-un contract inseamna:Expresia "95%in…..B/D after S/R of Bs/L" inserata intr-un contract inseamna:Expresia "customony quickest deasptch" inserata intr-un contract semnifica:For a dry cargo vessel employed under a time charter, speed and bunker consumption are usually guaranteedFor a time chartered vessel to be considered off-hireFor a vessel employed into a time charter risks for delay due to bad weather, port congestion and strikes in port areFor a vessel under time charter, commercial activities for which master should follow charterers instructions includeFor owners it is recommended to conclude a time charter agreements ifFreigh can be calculatedFreight can be calculatedGenerally, at whose risk is a deck cargo carried?Hague - Visby rules do not apply:Hague rules applyHague rules do NOT applyHague rules do NOT applyHague Visby rules apply ifHow are deleted words from stardard charterparty form treated from legal point of view?
How are General Average losses paid for?How are the shipbrokers paid for their services?How can a carrier ensure that, as well as his lien for freight, he has also a lien for deadfreight and demurrage?How can a master determine whether his ship is an arrived ship?How do owners of a time chartered ship ensure that they will have the oportunity to carry out proper maintenance and repairs during a lengthy period time charter?How do shipowners obtain cover against third party liability?How do you define bill's of lading function as a document of title?How is "working day" defined by VOYLAYRULES93?How is a "holiday" defined by VOYLAYRULES93?How is laytime calculated in containerised liner trade?How is the expression "Weather working days of 24 hours" defined by VOYLAYRULES93?How is the hire paid under a bareboat charter-party?How is the hire usually paid for a vessel under time charter?How is the term "day" defined by VOYLAYRULES93?How is the term "running day" or "consecutive day" defined by VOYLAYRULES 93?How long may the hire period be under a time charter?How many "non negotiable" copies of a bill of lading can be issued?How many days on demurrage are allowed according with GENCON 1994 standard form?How many INCOTERMS are there?How many original Bills of Lading can be issued?How may a bill of lading be considered a receipt for freight?How might a shipowner fixing his ship on time charter seek to protect himself from action by the ITF?How should a master react when his ship is in a position of peril?Hull and machinery insurance can be considered null ifIf a bareboat chartered vessel is seriously damaged who pays for repairs to bring the vessel to a seaworthy condition?If a charterparty bill of lading is issued, the bill of lading can be considered a contract of carriage ifIf a charterparty contains a clause setting minimum and maximum quantity of cargo to be loaded without naming the party having the option to choose between themIf a charter-party contains abbreviation "1 GSB AAAA" it means that the vesselIf a charter-party does not specifically exclude dangerous cargoes the owner can refuse to load them ifIf a charterparty provides for a Notice of readiness to be tendered, but does not provide for laytime commencement thenIf a liner vessel is under loading operation and cargo booked has not yet arrived the masterIf a master is forced to sign a "clean on board" bill of lading, when he considers that it should have been claused, he should:If a master sign a bill of lading and accoding with chartereparty terms and conditions freight is payable 100% after signing, but before releasing of Bs/L thenIf a mate's Receipt has been claused by the ship, e.g. with remarks about rust on steel plates, what may a master expect to see when presented with the Bill of Lading for signature?If a notice of readiness is tendered before the vessel is in every way ready for loading or discharging and it is accepted by the shippersIf a persons hands over to the master at destination an original bill of lading endorsed in full thenIf a tanker is employed at WS120 and according with WORLD SCALE the freight between the two ports is USD 15$ per metric ton, then freight owners will receive will beIf a tanker is employed at WS80 and according with WORLD SCALE the freight between the two ports is USD 18$ per metric ton, then freight owners will receive will beIf a time chartered vessel is not in the same good order and condition at redelivery, who will be liable for the cost of repairsIf a vessel arrives at destination with minor damages to the cargoes carried and charterers can demonstrate that owners are responsible for the damages thenIf a vessel arrives at discharging port and she can not proceed to the discharging berth without first lightening, the masterIf a vessel arrives at loading port on a Friday late evening, laytime start as from Monday morning and work is carried out during the weekend thenIf a vessel completes loading before expiry of laytime and she is delayed another 2 days due to a dispute between master and charterers over cargo documents thenIf a vessel is chartered on a chain of bareboat, time and voyage charters who is the party entitled to receive the freight?If a vessel is employed for loading a cargo from berth 35 at Constanta port. Under these circumstances the vessel is considered an arrived shipIf a vessel is employed on Gross Terms who is paying for lashing, dunnaging and securing expenses?If a vessel is employed on voyage charter and suppose all other elements are constant, in which of below situations freight will be lowerIf a vessel is employed to load up to ”full and complete cargo capacity” it means thatIf a vessel is fixed for L/C 10/20 December 2006 and she arrives at loading port on 8th December 2006. Under these circumstances:If a vessel is found unfit for loading after berthing and charterer require her to vacate that berth, the masterIf a vessel is insured the assured is requiredIf a vessel is loading a cargo which can be described as being in apparent good order and condition and at destination it is delivered in the same apparent good order and condition but damaged inside the packs then
If a vessel is loading a cargo which can be described as being in apparent good order and condition and at destination it is delivered without being in apparent good order and condition thenIf a vessel is loading more lots of cargo and shippers demand one bill of lading for each lot, what would be the date of the bills of lading issuedIf a vessel is on demurrage for 3 days and 8 hours and demurrage rate is USD 9000 per day and pro rata, then demurrage payable to the owners is:If a vessel is on demurrage for 3 days and 8 hours and demurrage rate is USD 9000 per day, then demurrage payable to the owners is:If a vessel is on despatch for 2 days and 12 hours and despatch rate is USD 5000 per day and pro rata, then despatch payable to the charterers isIf a vessel is on despatch for 2 days and 12 hours and despatch rate is USD 5000 per day then despatch payable to the charterers isIf a vessel is sailing toward a breaking up port and she is lost on the way, the underwriters will pay to the ownersIf a vessel is unable to continue her voyage due to a major engine breakdown and charterers decide (even if owners are willing to continue the voyage) to take delivery of the cargo at an intermediate port thenIf a vessel under discharging in Galati will be delivered into a time charter "DLOSP Sulina” it means thatIf a vessel will be de delivered into a time charter "APS Constanta” it means thatIf a vessel will be delivered into a time charter "DOP Constanta” it means thatIf all other terms of the fixture are the same when do you expect the freight to be higher?If an insured loss occurs before a policy has been drawn up and signed, are the underwriters liable to pay a claim?If by mistake master release a bill of lading marked "freight prepaid" to the shippers without making sure that owners have received the freightIf charterparty is silent on procedure of tendering Notice of Readiness thenIf contract of carriage is silent on procedure and rules aplicable to a General Average situation thenIf deck cargo has to be jettisoned as a General Average act, what is the cargo owners's position under the York-Antwerp Rules?If despatch is payable and there is no provision about the method of calculation thenIf during a loaded voyage, a port of call is planned for bunkers which needed for the next voyage, but not present one, what special clause should be in the contract of carriage?If expression "freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills of lading vessel and or cargo lost or not lost" which is the party required to insure the freightIf expression LINNER TERMS is included in to a charter-party thenIf loading and discharging ports are nominated after the fixture is concluded, who is the party responsible to ascertain the safety of the ports?If loading and discharging ports are nominated at the time of fixture who is the party responsible to ascertain the safety of the ports?If loading or discharging rate is "1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX unless used" thenIf master sign a bill of lading which is marked "freight payable as per charter-party" thenIf one of the abbreviations FIO, FIOS, FIOT is included in to a charter-party thenIf Paramount Clause is incorporated into the charter-party and some of the express terms of the charter-party are in contradiction with Hague or Hague-Visby rulesIf shippers have loaded dangerous cargo without owners consent, but with master's approvalIf the abbreviation "EIU" is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo thenIf the abbreviation "SHEX" is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo, thenIf the abbreviation "SHINC" is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo, thenIf the charterparty is silent on counting shifting time from anchorage to loading or discharging berth and laytime has commenced, thenIf the charterparty is silent on counting shifting time from anchorage to loading or discharging berth and on arrival, the vessel is proceeding straigth to that berth, thenIf the charterparty is silent on quantity freight is payable then freight is paid onIf the charterparty is silent on the quantity freight is payable then freight is payableIf the charter-party stipulate that the vessel will load a certain type of cargo thenIf the clause "freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills of lading vessel and/or cargo lost or not lost" is included into charterparty thenIf the expression "unless used" is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo thenIf the expression "WEATHER PERMITTING" is included into a laytime clause for a gearless vessel thenIf the expression "WEATHER WORKING DAY" is included into a laytime clause for a gearless vessel thenIf the master delivers the cargo to a holder of one original bill of lading, although another person is the lawful holder of the bill of lading:If the number of the original bills of lading issued is inserted into the bill of lading then Master can deliver the cargo:If the port of refuge is not the same like the port of repairs thenIf the shipowners is wrongfully stowing cargoes on deckIf the shipper does not demand a bill of lading, according to Hague RulesIf the true receiver presents to the master one of the set of original Bills of Lading and master has no reason to put lien on cargo thenIf there is no provision in the charterparty about the method of calculating laytime at loading and discharging ports thenIf there is no special provision about bill of lading formIf there is no special provision in a marine bill of lading about transhipment of the cargo thenIf, by mistake, port of discharging mentioned into the Bill of Lading released to bona fide third party is Bucharest, while the charterparty is clearly showing Constanta as discharging port then:In a bareboat charter bunker expenses are covered byIn a bareboat charter P&I and H&M expenses are covered by
In a consecutive voyage charter-party the cancelling clause applyIn a contract of carriage of goods by sea, in respect of what claims has the carrier a common law possesory lien?In a multiport discharge, is it necessary to note a sea protest at each discharge port?In a nutshell, what are the carrier's basic obligations under the Hague Visby rules?In a nutshell, what three things do the carrier's rights and immunities under the hague Visby rules concern?In addition to the shipowners, who should the master notify whenever his vessel is in a position of peril?In afara de situatia cind navlositorul plateste muncitorii necesari pe cheu si nava incarca marfurile la bord, ce alta stipulatie mai este inscrisa in GENCON 1994 in legatura cu cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare ?In afara de stalii reversibile cum se mai pot calcula staliile?In cadrul asigurarilor maritime pierderea partiala esteIn cadrul unui contract "charter-party", in timpul calatoriei, comandantul va respecta ordinele navlositorului referitoare la : In care din urmatoarele clauze cu privire la ambalaj contravaloarea ambalajului este inclusa in pretul marfii?In care din urmatoarele conditii de livrare raspunderea trece de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile au depasit copastia navei in portul de incarcare?In care din urmatoarele conditii de livrare raspunderea trece de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile au depasit copastia navei in portul de incarcare?In care din urmatoarele situatii o nava nu este considerata a fi in buna stare de navigabilitate?In care din urmatoarele situatii se poate considera ca este vorba de pierdere totala prin interpretare (Constructive Total Loss):In care din urmatoarele situatii se poate presupune ca un comandant poate actiona ca agent din necesitate al proprietarului marfurilor?In care varianta se aplica Regulile de la Hamburg?In cargo shipping context, who is the notify party?In case a cargo is transported from port A, via port C, to port B and providing all ports are situated in different countries and all countries have ratified Hague-Visby Rule then:In case master discovers, after signing Bills of lading, that there was a mistake in his draft survey calculations he can:In case master of a bareboat chartered vessel, which is further employed by a time charter and a subsequent voyage charter, signs the bills of lading then most probably the carrier will be:In case Mate's receipts are claused in respect of cargo condition then:In case owners, at charterers' request, agree to discharge the cargo at another port than the one mentioned into the bill of lading:In cate copii nenegociabile se elibereaza un conosament?In cazul Cluburilor P& I In cazul contractelor de navlosire pe timp riscurile intirzierii navei datorita conditiilor meteorogice nefavorabile, grevelor din porturi sau congestiei porturilor de escala:in cazul contractelor de navlosire pe voiaje consecutiveIn cazul in care armatorul incarca incorect marfuri pe punte atunci:in cazul in care comandantul unei nave aflata intr-un contract de bareboat, si exploatata pe baza unui contract de navlosire pe timp si a unui contract de navlosire pe voiaj, semneaza conosamentele atunciIn cazul in care marfurile sunt incarcate pe punte pe riscul incarcatorului atunci:In cazul in care o nava incarca marfuri in stare si conditie aparent buna si la destinatie marfurile ajung in aceeasi stare si conditie aparent buna, dar depreciate calitativ:In cazul in care o nava incarca marfuri in stare si conditie aparent buna si la destinatie marfurile sosesc fara a mai fi in aceeasi stare si conditie aparent bunaIn cazul in care o nava soseste la destinatie cu o parte din marfuri avariate din vina armatorului atunci:In cazul unei nave aflata intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp se considera ca nava este off-hire daca:In cazul unor avarii urmate de pierderea bunei stari de navigabilitate a navei cand nava este navlosita in "charter party by demise", cine va suporta reparatiile si va repune nava in buna stare de navigabilitate.In cazul unui contract de navlosire ce nu exclude in mod expres marfurile periculoase armatorul le poate refuza daca:In ce conditii un comandant va semna un conosament marcat "DUPLICAT"?In ce conventie se vorbeste despre continutul minim obligatoriu al unui conosament?In ce situatii este obligat comandantul sa livreze marfurile la destinatie?in ceea ce priveste forma conosamentului: In cele mai multe polite de asigurare asigurarea CASCO a navei se considera anulata daca:In cite exemplare originale se emite un conosament?In consecutive voyage chartering freight in payablein contractele de navlosire intelesul expresiei ”full and complete cargo”In contractul "charter parter-by demiser" conosamentul semnat de comandant este un contract cu:In contractul "time charter" comandantul este obligat sa execute :In contul cui sunt taxele de tranzitare prin canale/stramtori cand o nava este in time charter?In general despagubirile pentru riscurile de coliziune sunt acoperite:In interpreting the phrase “so near as she may safely get” the word safely refers to:In liner trade, the contract of carriage between carrier and owner of the bill of lading other than the shipper isIn lipsa unei prevederi contractuale navlul se plateste:In lipsa unei prevederi contrare navlul se plateste:
In lipsa unor prevederi contrare in conosament:In lipsa unor prevederi contrare in contractul de navlosire navlul se considera castigatIn lipsa unor prevederi contrare, armatorul unei nave angajate de catre navlositor pentru a incarca marfa din 3 porturi si a o descarca in 2 porturi, trebuie sa transmita NOR:In lipsa unor prevederi contrare, armatorul unei nave angajate de catre un navlositor pentru a incarca marfa din 3 porturi si a o descarca in 2 porturi, trebuie sa transmita NOR:In mod normal armatorul poate accepta una din urmatoarele modalitati de plata a navlului:In mod normal armatorul poate accepta una din urmatoarele modalitati de plata a navlului:In mod normal asiguratorul nu este responsabil pentru:In momentul in care se schimba societatea de clasificare se produc urmatoarele:In momentul livrarii si relivrarii navei intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp se determina cantitatea de combustibil de la bord deoarece:In practica maritima, asigurarea CASCO:In situatia in care comandantul a acceptat din greseala inscrierea in conosament a unei cantitati eronate de marfa atunci:in situatia in care exista un contract de navlosire conosamentul ce se va emite guverneaza relatia dintreIn situatia in care in contract nu se stabileste nivelul despagubirilor pentru retinere atunci nivelul acestora:In situatia in care in ordinul de imbargo se inscriu remarci cu privire la starea si conditia aparenta a marfurilor:in situatia in care in urma negocierilor dintre armator si posesorul conosamentului se agreeaza ca marfa sa fie descarcata in alt port decat cel mentionat in conosament atunci:in situatia in care la bordul navei se prezinta un primitor cu un exemplar original al unui conosament nominativ sau cu un exemplar original al unui conosament la ordin andosat in plin atunci In situatia in care o nava este asigurata, asiguratului i se cere:in situatia in care pe conosament este trecut numarul de exemplare originale in care acesta s-a emis atunci:In situatia in care prin contract se mentioneaza limita minima si maxima a cantitatii de marfa ce se va incarca, fara a se preciza cine are optiunea de a alege aceste limite atunci:In situatia in care prin contract se stabileste ca despatch-ul se plateste pentru "all time saved" atunci:In the absence of agreement to the contrary, freight is paybaleIn the law relating to contracts of carriage of goods by sea the terms as classified asIn the liner shipping one of the main features is the existence of conferences. A conference is aIn transportul de linie nava asteapta rand la dana de operare?In voyage charter instructions, abbreviation "DHDATSBE" shall mean:In voyage charter instructions, abbreviation "DHDWTSBE" shall mean:In voyage charter instructions, abbreviation "FDBE" shall meanIn voyage chartering, what is the preliminary or approach voyage?In what circumstances might a Constructive Total Loss be declared?In what circumstances might a shipowner loose his P&I club cover?In what circumstances might an Actual Total Loss be declared?In what way are P&I Clubs concerned with salvage?In which of below circumstances should a shipmaster note a sea protest?In which of the below circumstances it would be appropriate for a master to issue a letter of protest?In which of the below circumstances it would be appropriate for a master to issue a letter of protest?In which of the below delivery terms the costs are transferred from the seller to the buyer on passing ship's rail at loading port?In which of the below delivery terms the risks are transferred from the seller to the buyer on passing ship's rail at loading port?In which of the below situation a ship can be considered unseaworthy if the contract of carriage is governed by Hague - Visby RulesIn which of the below situations a vessel may be held to be unseaworthyIn which of the below situations the master can be considered agent from necesity of the cargo owner?In which of the below types of charter-parties are the disponent owners NOT entitled to employ a bareboat chartered vessel?Inainte de intrarea unei nave in "time-charter" se efectueaza:INCOTERMS have been issued by :Inserarea in conosament a clauzei "contents and value unknown" are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata?Inserarea in conosament a clauzei "said by shipper to contain" are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata?Inserarea in conosament de clauze cu referire la ambalajul marfii, are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata?Inserarea in conosament de clauze cu referire la numarul de colete, are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata?Inserarea in conosament de clauze cu referire la starea marfii, are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata?Inserarea pe un conosament ca navlul este platibil la destinatie, afecteaza calitatea sa ca document de plata ? Intelesul modern al expresiei "No cure - No pay" este:Intrarea unei nave in "time charter" se face pe baza de :Intr-un charter-party clauza de brokeraj stabileste:
Intr-un conosament "nominativ":Intr-un contract ""voyage charter", comandantul executa ordinele primite de la :Intr-un contract "BARE BOAT" in sarcina cui este asigurarea CASCO si P&I pentru nava?Intr-un contract "time charter" comandantul navei si echiupajul sunt la ordinul:Intr-un contract "time charter" stivuirea marfurilor si asigurarea unei bune stabilitati a navei sunt in sarcina::Intr-un contract "voyage charter" armatorul :Intr-un contract "voyage charter" armatorul pastreaza controlul asupra navei din punct de vedere:Intr-un contract "voyage charter" comandantul va executa ordinele referitoare la conditiile de transport primite de la: Intr-un contract "voyage charter" comandantul va executa ordinele referitoare la marfurile ce urmeaza a fi incarcate primite de la: Intr-un contract "voyage charter" comandantul va executa ordinele referitoare la porturile de incarcere si descarcare primite de la: Intr-un contract BALTIME suspendarea chiriei devine efectiva daca nava nu poate fi operata din deficit de personal pe o perioada ce depaseste :Intr-un contract BALTIME toate instructiunile si dispozitiile pentru navigatie vor fi furnizate comandantului navei de catre :Intr-un contract by demise combustibilul, materialele de intretinere si proviziile sunt in sarcina:Intr-un contract by demise dreptul de a alege echipajul navei il are:Intr-un contract by demise dreptul de a numi comandantul navei il are:Intr-un contract by demise mentinerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate revine:Intr-un contract by demise navlositorul-chirias este in sensul legii:Intr-un contract by demise raspunderea fata de incarcatori sau terti care au interese in marfurile transportate revine:Intr-un contract by demise recompensa de salvare revine:Intr-un contract by demise salariile si intretinerea echipajului sunt in sarcina:Intr-un contract by demise taxele portuare si onorariile agentilor sunt in sarcina:Intr-un contract de navlosire cuvantul portIntr-un contract de navlosire pe voiaje consecutive clauza de reziliere a contractului este valabilaIs it permissible for a time charterer to redeliver a vessel without holds/tanks beeing cleaned?Is the disponent owner entitled to borrow money and mortgage the bareboat chartered ship?Is the shipper always the seller or the exporter of the goods?Izvoarele de drept care calauzesc un contract de vanzare internationala sunt:La bordul navei se prezinta un primitor cu un exemplar original al unui conosament semnat de catre comandant in portul de incarcare. In aceste conditii comandantul:La cat se limiteaza raspunderea carausului pentru daune rezultate din pierderea sau avarierea marfurilor conform regulilor de la Hamburg :La cat se limiteaza raspunderea carausului pentru intarzieri in livrarea marfurilor conform regulilor de la Hamburg :La ce fel de angajare a navei navlul trebuie sa fie mai mare?La o angajare "time charter", cand voiajul este intrerupt datorita unor defectiuni tehnice, navlositorul este indreptatit: La o angajare LINNER TERMS cine suporta eventualele operatiuni de amarare, fardare, asigurare a marfii in magazie?La semnarea unui conosament curat sub protest, comandantul pentru a inlatura raspunderea sa este obligat: La transportul cu navele de linie contractul de transport dintre armator si proprietarul marfurilor altul decit incarcatorul este:Laytime is also influenced byLetters of indemnify for discharging the cargo without presentation of originals:Liner shipping can be consideredLivrarea marfurilor in portul de destinatie se face de catre comandant in schimbul ?Lloyds' Corporation isLoading and discharging expenses are for charterers account if the vessel is employed onLoading and discharging expenses are for owners account if vessel is fixed onMarfurile generale sunt considerate a fi:Marfurile in vrac sunt considerate a fi:Marimea navlului mort este:Marimea primei de salvare depinde de:Minimum content of a bill of lading in mentioned intoNavele C si D intra in coliziune cu pierderi la marfurile de la bord de 0.5 milioane dolari si respectiv 0.25 milioane dolari. Navele C si D sunt vinovate in proportie de 60 % si 40 %. In aceste conditii asiguratorii navei C vor plati navei D:Navele C si D intra in coliziune cu pierderi la marfurile de la bord de 0.5 milioane dolari si respectiv 0.25 milioane dolari. Navele C si D sunt vinovate in proportie de 60 % si 40 %. In aceste conditii asiguratorii navei D var plati navei CNavlositorul trebuie sa incarce sau sa descarce atat de repede pe cat este posibil in imprejurarile existente la data incarcarii sau descarcarii daca nava este angajata pe baza expresiei:Navlul lumpsum reprezinta:Navlul mort reprezinta:
Navlul poate fi stabilit ca:Navlul poate fi stabilit ca:Notice of Readiness poate fi transmis:O cambie este:O nava a incarcat 4000 tone de marfa pe baza expresiei 1000metric tons per weather working days SSHEX EIU (timpul de vineri de la ora 17 pana luni la ora 08.00 nu va conta ca stalii chiar daca este utilizat), contrastaliile au fost stabilite la nivelul de 4000 USD pe zi sau pro rata si despatch-ul jumatate din contrastalii pentru timpul de lucru salvat. Staliile expira luni la ora 14.00 si daca operatiunile de incarcare se finalizeaza sambata la ora 18.00, atunci suma pe care armatorul trebuie sa o plateasca navlositorului este:O nava aflata intr-un contract de bareboat este angajata intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp unui navlositor care la randul sau angajeaza nava intr-un contract de navlosire pe voiaj. Cine este responsabil pentru a mentine nava in buna stare de navigabilitate:O nava care efectueaza operatiuni de incarcare in 2 porturi, datorita spatiului limitat, este nevoita sa incarce in aceeasi magazie ceapa si ciocolata si datorita mirosului de ceapa, ciocolata ajunge avariata la destinatie. Navlositorul considera ca nava nu se afla in buna stare de navigabilitate la inceputul voiajului. Dupa o scurta analiza a istoricului operatiunilor de incarcare se poate spune:O nava cu 3 magazii si 5 guri de magazie (magaziile 2 si 3 au cate 2 guri de magazie) are de incarcat 15000 de tone si dupa finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare nava a incarcat astfel: H1:4000tone; H2:5800tone; H3:5200tone. Care este tipul de stalii in portul de incarcare daca rata de incarcare a fost stabilita la 500 tone per working hatch per weather working day?O nava cu 3 magazii si 5 guri de magazie (magaziile 2 si 3 au cate 2 guri de magazie) are de incarcat 15000 de tone si dupa finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare nava a incarcat astfel: magazia 1: 4000 tone; magazia 2: 5800 tone; magazia 3: 5200 tone. Care este timpul de stalii in portul de incarcare daca rata de incarcare a fost stabilita de 400 tone per hatch per weather working day? O nava cu 3 magazii si 5 guri de magazie (magaziile 3 si 3 au cite 2 guri de magazie) a incarcat 10000 tone de marfa si la finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare a incarcat astfel H1: 2500 tone H2: 4400 tone H3: 4100 tone. Care este timpul de stalii in portul de incarcare daca rata de incarcare a fost stabilita la 300 tone per hatch per day?O nava cu 4 hambare incarca 14000 tone marfuri generale la o norma de 600 tone pe gura de hambar pe zi calculata la 24 de ore consecutive in :O nava cu capacitatea de incarcare de 35,000 tone de marfa a incarcat 32.500 tone. Comandantul trebuie sa transmita incarcatorilor o scrisoare de navlu mort daca nava este angajata pe baza expresiei:O nava cu marfuri la bord, inclusiv 5 containere pe punte intra in coliziune cu un tanc petrolier. In timpul coliziunii 2 containere cad in apa si se avariaza marfa din magazia 1. Pentru a evita scufundarea navei comandantul decide sa puna nava pe uscat si in timpul acestei manevre se arunca peste bord inca un container si se pierde ancora din babord. Dupa punerea navei pe uscat se fac reparatii temporare la nava si aceasta pleaca catre un port de refugiu unde este andocata. In aceste conditii urmatoarele pagube si cheltuieli sunt incluse in avaria comuna:O nava cu o capacitate de incarcare de 10,800tdw este angajata pe baza expresiei "10,000mts 5pct molchop". In aceste conditii navlositorul a indeplinit obligatia contractuala daca nava la finalizarea incarcarii avea la bord:O nava cu o capacitate de incarcare de 10,800tdw este angajata pe baza expresiei "10,000mts 5pct moloo". In aceste conditii navlositorul s-a indeplinit obligatia contractuala daca nava la finalizarea incarcarii avea la bord:O nava cu o capacitate de incarcare de 10,800tdw este angajata pe baza expresiei "min/max 10,000/11000 mts". In aceste conditii navlositorul a indeplinit obligatia contractuala daca nava la finalizarea incarcarii avea la bord:O nava este angajata a incarca o marfa din portul Galati si datorita congestiei din port este obligata sa ancoreze in rada Sulina. In aceste conditii nava este considerata sosita:O nava este angajata pentru a incarca o marfa de la dana 35 din portul Constanta. De asemenea in contract se mentioneaza ca nava este considerata ca fiind nava sosita weather in berth or not. In aceste conditii nava este considerata ca fiind o nava sosita:O nava este angajata pentru a incarca o marfa de la dana 35 din portul Constanta. In aceste conditii nava este considerata ca fiind o nava sosita:O nava fara marfuri la bord, pentru a evita scufundarea, se pune pe uscat. In aceste conditiiO nava poate inainta NOR in portul de incarcare daca:O nava transporta pe punte tevi metalice si in timpul unei furtuni, pentru a evita scufundarea navei, comandantul decide sa arunce o parte din aceste tevi peste bord. In acest caz:On 15th December 2006 a ship is employed to discharge a cargo at Taganrog, in the Azov Sea, or so near as she may safely get. On arrival, in mid January, the Sea of Azov is closed by ice and it is estimated that the vessel may only proceed to the discharging port at the beginning of February. Under these circumstances the master is:On 15th December 2006 a ship is employed to discharge a cargo in a safe port in Black Sea, including Azov Sea ports, at charterers option, or so near as she may safely get. On passing Bosphorus Charterers have nominated Taganrog and vessel arrived arrival, in mid January, the Sea of Azov is closed by ice and it is estimated that the vessel may only proceed to the discharging port at the beginning of February. Under these circumstances the master is:On what basis do the parties to a common adventure contribute to General Average?One of the main problems in chartering is the drafting of various clauses by non legal and non native english speakers. In order to reduce litigation, instead of ammending standard clauses the drafters of standard forms haveOutturn report is aPe masura ce capacitatea navei creste si exista mijloace moderne de operare in porturi:Pentru ca o nava sa fie off-hire intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp:Pentru o nava in "time charter" subordonarea comandantului din punct de vedere comercial se limiteaza la:Pentru un armator este indicat sa incheie un contract de navlosire pe timp daca : Perioada de timp utilizata pentru incarcare sau descarcare inainte de momentul in care incep staliile:Perioada de timp utilizata pentru incarcare sau descarcare inainte de momentul in care incep staliile:Piata transportului de marfuri in vrac este o piata caracterizata de: Prin avarie particulara se intelegePrin expresia "lawful merchandise" se poate intelege:Prin expresia ”lawful merchandise” se poate intelege:Prin folosirea expresiei "Unless Used"Prin includerea in contractul de navlosire a expresiei "freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills of lading vessel and or cargo lost or not lost"Prin includerea in contractul de navlosire a expresiei ”freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills of lading vessel and or cargo lost or not lost”Prin mentionarea in contract a contrastaliilor:Prin notiunea de "back freight" se intelege:Prin stalii se intelege:Recompensa de salvare castigata de o nava inchiriata prin contract "by demise" revine:Refrigerating machinery of a reefer vessel breaks down during a loaded voyage through tropical waters and master decide to put the vessel into a port of repairs. This action willRegula generala in transportul maritim este aceea ca marfurile se transporta sub punte. Exceptii fiind:Regulile de la Haga-Visby nu se aplica tuturor transporturilor pe mare ci doar in situatia:Regulile de la Hamburg permit inserarea in conosament a clauzelor de exonerare?Regulile de la Hamburg prevad ca persoana indreptatita sa faca o reclamatie pentru pierderea marfurilor, poate considera marfurile ca pierdute daca:Regulile de la Hamburg prevad ca raspunderea carausului pentru daune rezultate din pierderea sau avarierea produsa marfurilor este limitata la o suma echivalenta cu:Regulile de la Hamburg prevad ca raspunderea carausului pentru intarziere in livrarea marfurilor este limitata la un cuantum echivalent cu:Regulile de la Hamburg se aplica atunci cand::
Regulile de la Hamburg se aplica contractului de navlosire?Regulile de la Hamburg se aplica in una din urmatoarele situatii: Regulile INCOTERMS au fost elaborate de:Regulile INCOTERMS reglementeaza:Regulile York-Anvers 1994 sunt formate din:Remarcile facute in timpul incarcarii pe ordinul de incarcare se pot transfera pe conosament?Remarks on the Mate's receipts on cargo quantity and cargo conditionSalvage apply toScrisorile de garantie pentru descarcarea marfurilor, fara prezentarea conosamentelor originale: Scrisorile de garantie pentru semnarea conosamentelor fara remarci:Ships C and D are in collision with cargo looses of $ 0.5 milion and $ 0.3 million respectively. Ship C is deemed 60% liable and ship D is 40% liable. Both cargoes are fully insured. Under these circumstances the the insurers of ship C will pay to underwriters of the cargo on board ship D:Ships C and D are in collision with cargo looses of $ 0.5 milion and $ 0.3 million respectively. Ship C is deemed 60% liable and ship D is 40% liable. Both cargoes are fully insured. Under these circumstances the the insurers of ship D will pay to underwriters of the cargo on board ship C:Statement of Facts este documentul ce se intocmeste de catre:Statement of Facts is aStatement of Facts is drawn up by:Sunteti comandantul unei nave flata in pericol de scufundare si in urma transmiterii unui mesaj SOS singura nava care va ofera ajutorul solicita o prima de salvare foarte mare. In aceste conditii:Termenul "incarcator" conform Regulilor de la Hamburg 1978 are urmatoarea semnificatie:The aims of an on-hire survey are to determineThe charterer is under an obligation to load or discharge as fast as possible in the circumstances prevailing at the time of loading or discharging if the vessel is employed on conditionThe fundamental difference between a seawybill and a bill of lading is:The general rule in maritime transportation is that cargo is carried below deck. Which of the below can be considered exceptions from this rule?The Hague or Hague - Visby Rules applyThe Hague Visby Rules will not normally cover cargo shipped on deck. Under what circumstances will the Hague Visby rules cover a deck cargo?The level of deadfreight due is calculatedThe main particularity of a "charterparty" bill of lading is thatThe main particularity of a liner bill of lading is thatThe main particularity of commencement of laytime in a tanker charterparty is that:The master of a demise chartered shipThe purpose of General Average is to:The reward for salvage depends onThe two main alternative methods of calculating despatch are:The underwriters may have the right to cancel the policy of insurance if they are not informed aboutThe York Antwerp Rules set down a system that:Time between the moment Notice of Readiness is tendered and commencement of laytime is known asTime used for loading or discharging before commencement of laytimeTo preserve his lien what must a shipowner to?Transportul marfurilor efectuate pe punte, contrar unei intelegeri exprese este considerat, conform Regulilor de la Hamburg :Un armator isi plateste echipajul in Euro si incheie un contract de navlosire in care se prevade ca navlul se plateste in dolari. In care din urmatoarele situatii considerati ca este indicat pentru armator sa introduca o clauza valutara:Un conosament este "fractionat impropriu" sau bun de livrare atunci cand:Un conosament este "la purtator" atunci cand:Un contract de navlosire pe timp pentru un singur voiaj este cunoscut sub denumirea de:Una din navele apartinind aceleiasi companii de navigatie solicita ajutorul navei pe care o comandati pentru a efectua transbordul unei piese de schimb, ce nu poate fi transbordata decit prin apropierea navelor una de alta. In aceste conditii:Unde a avut loc Conventia Internationala referitoare la cerintele pe care trebuie sa le indeplineasca paiolul din lemn al unui container?Unde a avut loc CONVENTIA INTERNATIONALA REFERITOARE LA TRANSPORTUL MULTIMODAL?Unde se depune un protest de mare?Unde si cand se pot tranzactiona conosamentele?Under certain circumstances, Hague rules do not applyUnder FIOS terms responsibility for stowage rest with the charterers. Under which of the below situations will the owners be liable for stowage?Under the Hague Visby Rules the carrier or the ship will NOT be responsible for loss or damage arising from:Under the Hague Visby Rules the carrier or the ship will NOT be responsible for loss or damage arising from:Under the Hague Visby Rules the carrier or the ship will not be responsible for loss or damage arising from:Under the York-Antwerp Rules, which of the below can be considered necessary elements for a loss to be regarded as general Average?
Under the York-Antwerp Rules, which of the below can be considered necessary elements for a loss to be regarded as general Average?Under what circumstances is deck cargo excluded from cover by the Hague Visby Rules?Under what circumstances is the master allowed to issue a second set of Bills of Lading?Under what rules is General Average usually adjusted?Usually mate's receipt for the cargo loaded are signedValoarea de despagubire pentru o nava ce naviga din Constanta in India pentru dezmambrare si care se scufunda este:Valoarea inscrisa la rubrica "Allowable stacking weight for 1,8 g" de pe placuta de securitate C.S.C. a containerului semnifica:War Cancelling clauses are usually used inWhat actions might qualify as General Average acts?What are INCOTERMS?What are the bareboat owners options if after an inspection the vessel is found with serious technical deficiencies?What are the different types of salvage?What are the documents usualy required by a sale contract, involving maritime transportation, to prove the quantity of cargo loadedWhat are the forms of general average securities acceptable in shipping practice ?What are the functions of maritime arbitrators?What are the functions of shipbrokers in the dry cargo and tanker market?What are the international uniform rules used for interpretation of trade terms defining obligations and right of seller and buyer in an international sale of goods transactions?What are the main features of maritime lien that distinguish it from a possessory lien?What are the main functions of a P&I club?What are the main groups of ship costs?What are the main requirements of packing that are important in maritime transportation?What are the main responsabilities of the seller and buyer when goods are sold on a CIF basis?What are the main responsibilities of the seller when goods are are sold "FOB Constanta"?What are the major types of lien of importance to seafarers?What are the options available to a party to a charter-party if the other party breach a condition?What are the options available to a party to a charter-party if the other party breaches a warranty?What are the points that can not miss from a delivery/redelivery clause in a time charterparty?What are the possible consequences for the owners or carrier of deviating from the contracted voyage?What are the three internationally agreed rules defining the basic contractual obligations, right and immunities of sea carriers and cargo shippers where a Bill of Lading or Sea Waybill is issued?What are the traditional forms of employment for merchant ships?What are the two kinds of incurance policy available on H&M insurance market?What are the various categories of marine insurance losses?What are two options available for payment of freight according with Gencon 94 standard form ?What can be said about the relationship between "despatch for all time saved" and "despatch for working time saved"?What can be said about the relationship between unit costs and ships deadweight if there are modern cargo handling equipments available in portsWhat can be the result of a laytime calculation?What can owners do if time charterers do not pay hire in time?What can the master do when loading or discharging operations are very slow?What cargoes can charterers load on a vessel under time charter?What cover would hull and machinery insurance normally give a shipowner?What cover would hull and machinery insurance normally give a shipowner?What do you understand by "back freight"?What do you understand by "Ballast Bonus" in a time charter?What do you understand by "charterers right to average laytime"?What do you understand by "lawful merchandise"?What do you understand by "rye terms" clause in context of cargo quality?What do you understand by "sound delivered" clause in context of cargo quality?What do you understand by "tel quel" clause in context of cargo quality?What do you understand by "to order" Bill of lading ?What do you understand by "turn time"?What do you understand by a "bearer" Bill of lading?What do you understand by abbreviation "BWAD"?
What do you understand by abbreviation "CHABE"?What do you understand by abbreviation "ILOHC"?What do you understand by abbreviation "IUATUTC"What do you understand by abbreviation "Wibon"?What do you understand by abbreviation "Wiccon"?What do you understand by abbreviation "Wifpon"?What do you understand by abbreviation "Wipon"?What do you understand by abbreviation "WWWW " in the context of tendering notice of readiness?What do you understand by calculable laytime?What do you understand by laydays?What do you understand by lumpsum freight ?What do you understand by straight bill of lading?What do you understand by term "EXCEPTED" or "EXCLUDED" used in a laytime clause?What documents are typically required to be obtained by the seller under the terms of a Letter of Credit?What documents should the master expect to be given by an on-hire surveyor at the commencement of a time charter?What does "Indemnity" mean in the term "Protection and Indemnity"?What does "Protection" mean in the term "Protection and Indemnity"What does the expression "ready to load" means?What forms can General Average take?What forms do seaworthiness take in carriage of goods law ?What happens after General Average Bonds, Guarantees and Deposits are collected?What happens if Notice of Readiness is tendered whilst at anchor, before a required hold survey is made, and the ship then fails the surveyWhat inspections are normal at redelivery at the end of a time charter?What inspections of a vessel will a time charterer always make on delivery?What is "bunker adjustment factor"What is "currency adjusment factor"?What is "particular average"?What is a "Notice of readiness"?What is a "RIDER"?What is a bank doing on receipt of a claused bills of lading instead of "clean on board" bill of lading required by the letter of credit?What is a call in the context of P&I insurance?What is a carrier?What is a charter party?What is a charterparty bill of lading?What is a contract of affreightment in modern shipping terms?What is a contract of affreightment in the legal sense often used in maritime law textbooks written by lawyers?What is a deductible in a hull and machinery policy?What is a deductible in a P&I club policy?What is a dirty Bill of lading?What is a foul Bill of lading?What is a freight forwarder?What is a general average act?What is a General Average Adjuster?What is a General Average loss?What is a Letter of Credit?What is a private carrier?What is a safe berth?What is a sea protest or maritime protest?What is a shipmaster's legal position in relation to a time charterer?What is a shipped Bill of Lading?What is a time charter?What is a time-sheet?
What is a waranty in insurance law?What is an accomplished Bill of lading?What is an Act of God?What is an Average Guarantee?What is barratry?What is cancelling date?What is deadfreight?What is despatch or despatch money?What is freight?What is happening if a clause from the rider is in contradiction with a clause from the standard form?What is happening if a time chartered vessel is withdrawn from the service of time charerers in the middle of a voyage and "freight prepaid" bills have been released?What is laytime?What is meant by "inherent vice in the goods"?What is meant by "utmost good faith"?What is probably the most commonly defined trading area in time charters for a vessel trading worldwide?What is stale bill of lading ?What is Sue and Labour Clause in a hull and machinery insurance policy?What is tally sheet?What is the carrier's lien?What is the criterion used by banks when they analyze a claused bills of lading?What is the deadweight of a capesize vessel?What is the deadweight of a handymax vessel?What is the deadweight of a handysize vessel?What is the deadweight of a Panamax vessel ?What is the deadweight of a supramax vessel?What is the difference between a common law lien and a contractual lien?What is the difference between delivery terms FOB and CIF in respect of the moment risks are transferred from the seler to the buyer?What is the difference between expressions "per working hatch" and "per workable hatch"What is the difference between expressions "weather working days of 24 hours" and "weather working days of 24 consecutive hours" according to VOYLAYRULES 93?What is the difference between the effect of a breaching a warranty in marine insurance law and in carriage of goods law?What is the General Average position where deck cargo has been saved by a General Average act?What is the General Average position where the jettisoned cargo was wrongfully stowed on deck?What is the golden rule on international trade from point of view of country were the traders are based?What is the importance of expression "freight prepaid" in a bill of lading ?What is the last version of INCOTERMS?What is the latest version of York - Antwerp Rules?What is the level of damages for detention?What is the main benefit to the buyer when he buys on an FOB basis?What is the main concern of an owner chartering his ship on a charter by demise?What is the main particularity of a Time Charter ?What is the meaning of "average" in the context of insurance?What is the meaning of "indemnity" in an insurance context?What is the meaning of the word "about” when it is used to describe vessels deadweight cargo capacity?What is the name of the document used to charter space on a liner vessel?What is the purpose of a Letter of Credit?What is the purpose of Rule Paramount according to York-Antwerp 1994 Rules?What is the purpose of the "Paramount Clause" in a bill of lading?What is the recommended INCOTERMS 2000 delivery term for a shipper having the obligation to load the cargo on board a RO-RO vessel?What is the relationship between Bill of lading and Letter of Credit?What is the SCOPIC Clause ?What is the usual loading rate in the liner trades?What is the value in law of a letter of indemnity for issuing "clean on board" bills of lading while mate's receipts are claused ?
What kind of deviations would probably be regarded in law as unjustifiable?What kind of marking is recommended for explosives?What outlays might qualify as General Average expenditure?What sacrifices might qualify as General Average sacrifices?What security does a bank involved in a Letter of Credit transaction have in return for the sum advanced?What ship costs can be clasified as voyage costs?What ship costs can be classified as capital costs?What ship costs can be classified as operating costs?What ship costs can be classified as operating costs?What ship costs can be classified as voyage costs?What ship costs might be paid by a voyage charterer instead of the shipowner?What should a master do if his ship is delayed on a delivery voyage?What should a master of a tanker which has just completing loading do if the ship's cargo figure is greater than the shipper?What should an agent nominated by the voyage charterers, but appointed by the owners do when there is a dispute between shipowners and voyage charterers?What should the master do if the charterers refuse to acknowledge receipt of his Notice of Readiness?What statement normally appears in the title of a sea waybill?What types of carriers are on the shipping market?What types of insurance are in common place in the shipping industry?What would be the legal effect of a failure by the carrier to show that he exercised due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy?When a master is not sure if a notice of readiness is valid or notWhen a ship is disabled, but plenty of nearby ships are willing to assist, why is the master required to contact the owners if he has time to do so?When a vessel is delivered into a time charter contract one of the objectives of "on-hire" survey is to determine the quantity of bunker on board at delivery time due to the fact thatWhen and where should General Average be declared?When are Letters of Indemnity for cargo condition and quantity an acceptable practice in the shipping industry?When assessing the condition of the cargo the master should be concerned ofWhen cargo is stowed on deck at shippers riskWhen considering whether to engage salvage assistance, what consideration should be uppermost in the mind of the master of a disabled ship, in addition to any threat to life, the ship and the cargo?When fixing a ship, the freight has been agreed as " USD 40 per weight or measurement". What would be the freight payable if the vessel loads a cargo of 3000 metric tons and 2800 cubic meters?When fixing a ship, the freight has been agreed as " USD 40 per weight or measurement". What would be the freight payable if the vessel loads a cargo of 3000 metric tons and 5000 cubic meters?When freight level is negotiated basis 0/0 it means thatWhen freight level is negotiated basis 1/1 it means thatWhen INCOTERMS apply to a international sale of goods transaction?When is the master under un obligation to deliver the goods at destination if the vessel has no reason to put lien on cargoes?When is the shipowner entitled to freight without deductions?When is the shipper entitled to demand issuing of a bill of lading according to Hague Rules?When should a master extend his initial sea protest?When should a shipmaster note a sea protest following a heavy weather voyage?When the word "about" is used in a time charterparty to describe the speed thenWhen the YORK-ANTWERP Rules apply to General Average settlement?Where (or before whom) can a sea protest be noted?Where a master of a perfectly sound loaded ship prudently decides to run for shelter from an approaching storm, this actionWhere a ship is in danger, is the master of a vessel rendering assistance under any obligation to save the ship as well as the crew?Where a ship is time chartered, which ship costs are generally paid by the time charterer?Where no bills of lading have been issuedWhere the Hague Visby Rules apply, the carrier must before and at the beginning of the voyage exercise due diligence to:Where there is a doubt over who the carrier is what should the master of a time chartered vessel do?Where there is a fire in a cargo on board a ship and it is extinguished by releasing CO2, which of the below is considered particular average?Which are the two most important INCOTERMS in sea transport?Which of below can be considered areas of average?Which of below can be considered maritime liens?Which of below can be considered particularities of liner navigation?Which of below can be considered particularities of tramp navigation?
Which of below can NOT be considered delivery terms belonging to Group "C" of INCOTERMS 2000Which of below can NOT be considered delivery terms belonging to Group "D" of INCOTERMS 2000Which of below can NOT be considered delivery terms belonging to Group "F" of INCOTERMS 2000Which of below clauses can be considered a calculable laytime?Which of below clauses you would expect to see both in sale contract and in a voyage charter-party?Which of below documents are required for drawing up a "Time Sheet"?Which of below is the contract of carriage in liner trades between shipper and the carrier?Which of below losses are marine insurers not liable for under Marine Insurance Act 1906?Which of below perils is a shipowner insured against under a hull and machinery policy that incorporates the Institute Time Clauses - Hulls?Which of below perils is a shipowner insured against under a hull and machinery policy that incorporates the Institute Time Clauses - Hulls?Which of below remarks should be used in a bill of lading contain if cargo has been shipped on deck?Which of below standard form of bills of lading are usually used in multimodal transportation?Which of the below abbreviations are used when loading costs are covered by one party and discharging costs by the other?Which of the below abbreviations refer to spliting of loading and discharging expenses in a voyage charter agreement?Which of the below are damages recovered from insurers as particular average?Which of the below are risks covered by P&I Clubs?Which of the below are standard time charter forms?Which of the below can be considered advantages of arbitration over litigation for the disputing parties?Which of the below can be considered carriers' responsabilities before and at the beginning of the voyage according to Hague Rules?Which of the below can be considered common law obligations of all sea carriers?Which of the below can be considered conditions for commencement of laytime?Which of the below can be considered examples of lack of utmost good faith?Which of the below can be considered examples of unseaworthiness?Which of the below can be considered features of Lloyd's Open Form?Which of the below can be considered forms of calculating the freightWhich of the below can be considered forms of calculating the freight ?Which of the below can be considered forms of setting the freight?Which of the below can be considered functions of a bill of lading?Which of the below can be considered principles of marine insurance?Which of the below can be considered shipowner's usual basic obligations under a voyage charter-party?Which of the below charterers obligations can be considered implied in any contract of carriage?Which of the below charter-parties are approved?Which of the below clauses can be considered as fixed laytime?Which of the below clauses can be considered as implied in a contract of carriage of goods by sea?Which of the below clauses can be considered as indefinite laytime?Which of the below clauses can transform a bill of lading for steel cargoes into a "foul bill of lading"Which of the below clauses can transform the bill of lading into a "foul Bill of Lading"Which of the below clauses in respect of freight payment can be accepted in the charterparty?Which of the below clauses in respect of freight payment can be accepted in the charterparty?Which of the below clauses refering to packing are used when the value of packing is included in the price of the cargo?Which of the below delivery terms are used only in maritime transportation?Which of the below delivery terms are used only in maritime transportation?Which of the below documents are used for drawing up bills of lading for bulk cargoes?Which of the below documents are used for drawing up bills of lading for general cargoes?Which of the below exclussions from liability are allowed for a common law carrier, i.e. the common law exceptions?Which of the below expressions are usually used into a bill of lading in respect of payment of freight?Which of the below expressions, related to freight payment, are acceptable in a bill of lading?Which of the below expressions, related to freight payment, are acceptable in a bill of lading?Which of the below factors can have an influence on the freight rate?Which of the below factors can influence the level of freight?Which of the below factors can influence the level of freight?Which of the below factors have an impact on freight?
Which of the below factors have an inpact on freight level?Which of the below obligations of the shipowners can be considered as implied in any contract of carriage governed by Hague Rules?Which of the below risks are covered by P&I clubsWhich of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for demise chartering?Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of coal cargoes?Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of general cargoes?Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of grain ore cargoes?Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of iron ore cargoes?Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of petroleum products?Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of timber cargoes?Which of the below statements about P&I insurance are true?Which of the below statements are correct in respect of Bill's of lading function as a receipt for the goods loaded or received for shipment?Which of the below statements are NOT in accordance with IWL?Which of the ship's expenses mentioned below are covered by the time charterer?Which of the ship's expenses mentioned below are covered by the time charterer?Which party is responsible for obtaining cargo insurance?Who do you expect to be the charterer when the goods are sold on CIF basis?Who do you expect to be the charterer when the goods are sold on DES basis?Who do you expect to be the charterer when the goods are sold on FOB basis?Who earns the salvage reward if a bareboat chartered vessel is earning salvage?Who is allowed to obtain insurance at Lloyd's?Who is covering canal transit expenses and who is bearing risks of delay for a vessel under time charter?Who is covering dunnaging, lashing and securing expenses in liner trades?Who is entitled to sign the bill of lading according with Hamburg rules?Who is the legal carrier under a time charter if the bills are signed by the masterWho is the ship's agent principal?Who is usually appointing and who is paying the stevedoring company in liner trades?Who is usually signing from ship's staff daily tally reports?Who should the Notice of Readiness be addressed to?Who would normally be the parties to a common adventure in General Average?Why are the lines of most standard charter-party forms numbered?Why do deck cargo warrant a special agreement between shipper and carrier under Hague Visby Rules?Why is a lien clause included into a contract of carriage?Why is it important for the number of signed original Bills of lading to be shown?Why is often important to tender Notice of Readiness before weekend?Why owners prefer to use York - Antwerp 1994 Rules instead of York Antwerp 2004 Rules?Why should the right to "extend sea protest at a time and place convenient" be reserved?Why sometimes freight is not payable 100% before delivery of the cargo?Will the master of a bareboat chartered vessel maintain communication with the head owners?You are the master of a ship in danger sending out a SOS message and the only vessel offering her services to save your crew, cargo and vessel is asking for a very high price. Under these circumstances you will
Raspuns1the bill of lading becomes a "charterers' bill of lading"bill of lading issued in accordance with requirements of a Letter of credit and which is always accepted by the banks.Head owneraccurately describe the quantity and condition of the cargo on loadingexpression "freight prepaid" is included in the bill of ladingthe chartereron discharging from the vesselshipowner and bill of lading holderwhether contract of carriage gives his vessel the liberty to towalwaysthe master is entitled to sign bills of lading with remarkscan be a valid notice of readinessonce the ship is within port limits or at usual waiting place or where she is ordered by port authoritiesonce she is in all respects ready for berthingShip's agent can keep constructive possesion of the coal in a storage area hired for that purpose until the freight is paid, the cost beeing for the shipowners' accountlaytime will start imediately the cargo becomes free for dischargingon arriving at usual waiting place, waiting for berthingon arriving at usual waiting place, waiting for berthingLaytime started after master tendered notice of readiness on vessel's berthing at intended berth and was running continously up to the end of loading or discharging operation.it is always good to help ships belonging to the same owners and operation can go forward without any approval from the underwritersif chocolate was loading before onion10.500 metric tons10.500 metric tons10.500 metric tonsYes, this action can be considered General Average, as sooner or later vessel may be in danger31,000 metric tons 5% moloo31,000 metric tons 5 percent more or less in owners optionWhen it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will increasea document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another in separate stages of which at least one is road transitRound Trip Charterthe ship is an arrived shiponce the vessel is within commercial, administrative or fiscal area of Constanta portrepairs are underway for hatchcover of hold number 2vessel proceed to shelter due to bad weatheractual time used will count only if there is a special provision that time used before commencement of laytime will countthe owners are entitled to take as much bunker as they want if the vessel is able to load minimum 4750 metric tons of cargoonce the vessel drops anchor at Sulina roadmaster is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness only at first loading portCharterer has to pay only two thirds of the agreed lumpsum freightthe master should load all the cargo as long as shippers accept on the bill of lading all master's remarks about cargo condition14,000 USD14,000 USD4 days 19 hours 12 minutes10 days6 daysthe two containers lost lost durin collisioncontainer jettisonedCa nava va opera intr-un singur port si o singura dana, portul si dana sa fie accesibile in momentul sosirii navei la operareYes - the same degree of careany vessel used in the carriage of goodsfor saving life or property at sea
666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram at carriers optionto an amount equivalent to two times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight payable under the contract of carriage of goods by sea.if such carriage is in accordance with an agreement with the shipper835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram at carriers optionin handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country the cargo is loaded from.that the day on which the notice is given and the day on which the laytime expires are not included in the laytime calculations even if work is carried out during these daysdespatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of loading or discharging to the departure of the vessel including periods excepted from laytimea variable daily amount payable to the owner in respect of delay to the vessel beyond the laytime, for which the owner is not responsiblean option given to the charterer to compensate any time saved at loading or discharging port with any time excess time used at discharging or at loading porta working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in progress.a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather would have prevented the loading or discharging of the vesselwithin 48 running hours after the old cancelling datethe charterers should have the option of cancelling the charter- partyhas the liberty to call at any port or ports in any order, for reasonable purpose, to sail without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all situations, and also to deviate for the purpose of saving lifeat 14.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given up to and including 12.00 hours, and at 08.00 hours next working day if notice given during office hours after 12.00 hours.the owners, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the charterershighest between intaken or delivered quantitythe seventh day after the date the notice was sentgoods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so carriedfreight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages and for all other ammounts due under the charterparty including costs of recovering samethe place where loading or discharging operation are normally carried out, even if at anchorage or at buoya well defined area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and which is situated within commercial, fiscal and administrative area of a port authorityunless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the goodsresulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with the intent to cause such loss, damage or delayfit to both ordinary and extraordinary perils of the seaForma a creditului documentar, prin care o banca comerciala, in baza unui contract incheiat cu clientul sau, I-si ia obligatia de a plati o suma de bani beneficiarului indicat, pana la termenul stabilit, in schimbul unor documente comerciale indicate in avizul de deschidere a acreditivuluithey may still be presented to the master for deliverycertain visibly expressed form of reproducing words and should be limited to standard forms, letters, telex, fax, cable and e-mail if same are acceptable by legislation of flag statein albThe shipowners are entitled to put lien on cargo as they have all the rights to recover the hireYes, owners are under a common law obligation to have H&M and P&I insurancemarfurile sosesc la destinatie usor avariate100 % by H&M insurersthe owner of the cargothe total loss elementonce the Notice of Readiness is acceptedviteza medie a navei pe durata voiajului trebuie sa fie egala cu viteza inscrisa in contractse are in vedere calitatea marfurilor12 zile dupa emitereNuNuDaNuBearer Bills of Ladingthe master is entitled to proceed like this, as the master is the one deciding about all navigation aspectsAu unele calitati intrinseci care nu le permit inlocuirea unora cu altelecharterers interests are satisfied as even if he fail to load the vessel in time agreed they are allowed to complete loading in exchange of a fixed penaltythe charterparty always give the time charterer the power to change the masterOnly if the the charterer has some hire to payNo, since there is no other party with property at riskCand pierderea, avarierea sau intarzierea livrarii a rezultat dintr-o actiune de omisiune comisa cu intentie;Cand disponent owner-ul are intarzieri repetate in plata chiriei
Platile efectuate prin credit documentar sunt mai accesibile participantilor la contractul de vanzare internationalaSchimbe imediat comandantulNu se admit astfel de scrisori. O astfel de fapta constituie o frauda maritimaSe vor aplica obligatoriu tuturor conosamentelor indiferent daca au sau nu inclusa o clauza in acest sensMomentul cand o nava se considera sosita intr-un port trebuie explicit si fara posibilitati de interpretare (inserat in contract)Pentru neplata chiriei armatorul nu are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor, el fiind un tert in contractul de navlosireCostul unor astfel de operatiuni este suportat de navlositorPoate sosi oricand dar nu dupa terminarea incarcariiDesfasurarea contractului intre parteneri din tari diferite marfa urmand a trece una sau mai multe frontiere, iese de sub incidenta unui sistem de drept nationalAu fost interzise amendamenteleInlocuirea motoarelor cu abur cu motoare diesel?Cresterea numarului de nave pe plan mondial?Transportul maritim costier se afla in competitie cu transportul feroviar si transportul rutierLocul si momentul determinarii cantitatii de marfaCheltuieli de asigurare H&M+P&ICheltuieli de asigurare H&M si P&IClauza referitoare la plata navluluiCPT; DEQ35-75,000 twd5 total weather working day500 metric tons per hatch per dayobligatia de a prezenta nava in timp util in portul de incarcareamenziin unele zone ale globului navigatia este permisa tot timpul anuluiSa curete magaziile de atatea ori de cate spune surveyor-ul4000 metric tons per dayarmatorii sunt obligati sa accepte spre incarcare toate marfurile ce satisfac conditiile minimale cu privire la cantitate si volumPe unitatea de greutate (navlul pe tona)Functie de modalitatea de angajareNavlul se poate calcula conform dorintelor navlositoruluiNavlul se poate calcula global pe intreaga nava (LUMPSUM)Prin referinta la Word Scale Nu se aplica "transporturilor terestre";Transporturilor cu caracter obisnuitRegulile nu se aplica "cabotajului national";Protestul de mare, lista avariilor, raportul de constatare a bunei stari de navigabilitate a naveiin conditia de livrare FOB riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile trec peste copastia navei in portul de incarcare pe cand in cazul conditiei CIF riscurile trec la momentul in care nava a ajuns in portul de descarcareMULTIDOC-ul nu are functia de titlu de credit reprezentativ"MULTIDOC"In stalii se include toate zilele lucrate din saptamanaTimpul exceptat folosit va fi contat la jumatate din timpul folositIn stalii se includ toate zilele lucrate din saptamanaTimpul efectiv lucrat, dupa inceperea staliilor, in perioade exceptate se va conta ca timp de staliiConform aceste clauze cumparatorul poate pretinde vanzatorului o bonificatie, daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contractConform aceste clauze cumparatorul poate pretinde vanzatorului o bonificatie, daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contractConform aceste clauze cumparatorul poate pretinde vanzatorului o bonificatie, daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contractin orice imprejurare inseamna ca se se considera acceptabila o toleranta pozitiva sau negativa de 5%Conform acestei expresii timpul de stalii va conta numai din momentul in care nava se afla in dana acceptata de incarcatori la operareConform acestei expresii nava este considerata apta de incarcare/descarcare numai daca formalitatile vamale au fost efectuateConform acestei expresii nava este considerata sosita si poate transmite NOR numai daca a obtinut libera practicaConform acestei expresii nava va fi considerata sosita si timpul de stalii poate incepe sa curga doar daca nava este in portAngajarea LINNER TERMS
LINNER TERMSChiria se plateste anticipat la fiecare 15 sau 30 zile conform prevederilor contractualeStaliile pentru incarcare si descarcare vor incepe la orele 12.00 daca NOR este dat pina la orele 08.00 in urmatoarea zi lucratoare daca NOR este dat dupa orele 18.00.In conditiile de linie navele opereaza "atat de repede cat nava poate incarca/descarca"WELCONEste un conosament care se foloseste numai in transportul multimodalRegulile de la Haga nu se aplica contractelor pe baza de conosamente;Nava ramane tot timpul si din toate punctele de vedere in subordinea navlositoruluiDaca navlositorul nu s-a achitat la termenul prevazut prin contract de principala obligatie de a plati chiria armatorul este dator sa-l instiinteze despre acest lucru si sa astepte pina la expirarea perioadei de gratie, iar daca navlositorul nu plateste sa rezilieze contractulArmatorul va rezilia imediat fara proceduri prealabile contractul si va retrage nava din "time-charter"Ele se iau in considerare atunci cand una dintre parti poate dovedi ca s-au radit din gresealaIntre elementele cuprinse in conosament si prevederile acreditivului trebuie sa fie o perfecta concordanta, orice nepotrivire putand da nastere la amanarea sau chiar la refuzul platii de catre bancaD/A-ul in portul/porturile de incarcare si descarcare este suportat de navlositorUn port de incarcare, unul de descarcare D/A-ul va fi suportat de navlositorObliga pe armatorul navei pe care se incarca marfurile sa suporte cheltuielile de incarcare, descarcare si asigurare a marfii.Toate cheltuielile de incarcare, descarcare, stivuire si amarare a marfurilor cad in sarcina armatorului.Prezenta acestor clauze intr-un contract de navlosire obliga pe navlositor sa suporte cheltuielile de incarcare stivuire si rujare a marfurilor, iar pe armator sa suporte cheltuielile de descarcare.Inseamna ca daca dana de incarcare sau descarcare nu este disponibila la sosirea navei, nava poate transmite NOR in momentul in care ajunge in orice loc uzual de asteptare si timpul de stalii va incepe sa curga in conformitate cu prevederile contractului de navlosire. Timpul de stalii sau contrastalii se va intrerupe in momentul in care dana devine disponibila si va reincepe atunci cind nava este gata de incarcare sau descarcare in dana.Navlositorul are optiunea de a aduna timpul de stalii alocat pentru incarcare cu cel alocat pentru descarcare si apoi poate efectua calculeleNavlositorul are optiunea de a aduna timpul de stalii alocat pentru incarcare cu cel alocat pentru descarcare si apoi poate efectua calculeleExport CIF, import CIFRegulile de la HamburgFOB, CIF, FIOS si LINNER TERMS.Asigurarea marfurilor transportate, corpului navei si a anumitor responsbilitati ale armatorilor atunci cind acestia sunt considerati vinovati pentru pierderi si avariiPunerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate : armarea, echiparea si aprovizionarea in mod corespunzator a navei si curatarea hambarelor si/sau a altor spatii ale navei unde urmeaza sa se incarce marfuri pentru transport.Carausul va depune toate diligentele rezonabile pentru angajare si incarcare unor marfuri corespunzatoare din toate punctele de vedere.Regulile de la Haga.Sa egalizeze pierderile provocate cu intentia de a le face rezonabile fata de toate partile interesate, sa-i dea Comandantului libertatea de actiune in incercarea de a salva nava sau marfurile aflate in pericolIn conosament nu se inscriu clauze cu privire la plata navluluiSa fie usor, rezistent, esteticClauzele referitoare la descrierea marfiiClauzele referitoare la costul operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcareClauza"greutatea, masura, marcajul, numarul, calitatea, continutul si valoarea necunoscuta"DESTACH-ul se va calcula conform normelor portuareNava sa fie sosita, nava sa fie gata de operare inainte de inaintarea NOR, notice of readiness sa fie inaintatFOB,FAS,FIOS,FCRCFR,CIF,CIP,CPTDEQ, DEP, DDU, DDPNava sa fie sosita si gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru operatiuniBIMCO si IMOScrisoarea de trasura maritima - seaway billDurata staliilor si clauzele de intrerupere a curgerii staliilorTipul de contract de navlosire utilizatdovada a preluarii marfurilor spre transport, dovada a existentei contractului de transport si titlu de valoare reprezentativ al marfiiIdentificareFIOSTFreight prepaid, freight payable at destination, freight as per ch/pStabilirea conditiilor fizice si tehnice ale navei, determinarea cantitatilor de combustibil existente la bordul nave si determinarea capacitatii navei de a incepe incarcarea imediat dupa livrareCa orice container poate circula pe mare numai daca sigiliul naval este sub controlul ComandantuluiArmatorul preda navlositorului gestiunea nautica si comerciala a navei transformandu-l in ceeace se numeste "disponent owner"Raspunderi privind neglijenta comerciala a Comandantului sau prepusilor saiInteresul asigurabil, maxima buna credinta, despagubirea
Nu sunt recomandari specialeRegulile de la Haga, Haga - Visby si HamburgMarcajul marfii, rapoartele zilnice ale stivatorilor, contractul de transport maritim, istoricul operatiunilor, lista de incarcareGenconIntertankvoy-76, Interconsec-76, Intercoa-80, Medcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Baltcon, PolcoalvoyMedcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Baltcon, PolcoalvoyMedcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Baltcon, PolcoalvoyMedcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Baltcon, PolcoalvoyMedcon, Welcon, Coastcon, PolcoalvoyMedcon, Welcon, Baltcon, PolcoalvoyIntertankvoy 87, Asbatankvoy, Beepeevoy, ShellvoyTona metrica, navlu globala document prepared on board the ship for statistical purposes and future reference for new mastersUn container fara avarii poate circula 30 de luni dupa care va fi supus unei inspectii de registruAvarii daune, avarii comune si avarii cheltuieliTratate internationaleAplicarea lor numai cand partile au facut referire in mod expres la ele in continutul contractului si libertatea participantilor de a le aplica in intregime a anula ceeace nu agreeaza si a le completa cu ce dorescOrice categorie de marfuriClauza referitoare la conditiile de livrare a marfurilorClauza referitoare la numarul de colete incarcate la bordul navei CIF pentru cumparari si FOB pentru vinzari.Se folosesc conosamente CONGENBILL si conosamente COMBIDOCConosamentul "CONLINEBILL" si "CONGENBILL"In astfel de cazuri nu este nevoie de lista de incarcareMasa pasiva cuprinde toate bunurile salvate cu exceptia navlului si care au profitat de sacrificiul sau cheltuieli facute in mod voluntar pentru salvarea comunaExista diferente semnificative in sensul ca in conformitate cu prima expresie o zi de 24 ore lucratoare poate reprezenta 3 zile in care se lucreaza cate 8 ore pe ziConosamentul si contractul de navlosireSupune conosamentul regulilor de la Haga sau Haga Visby.Este un document care se intocmeste de catre nava pentru a fi folosit in vamaSuma platibila carausului de catre navlositor pentru transportul si sosirea marfurilor la destinatie fara a-si pierde valoarea comerciala si gata de a fi livrate posesorului conosamentuluiEste un document in care se fac mentiuni referitoare la cantitatea de marfa descarcata si la starea si conditia in care a aceasta a fost descarcata Suma de bani stabilita per tona, metru cub sau colet ori per tona registru a navei, ce urmeaza a se plati pentru transportul marfurilor pe mare sau fluvii.Este un document intocmit de stivatorii care fac un istoric al operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcareUnitate de masura pentru volum si greutate egala cu un metru cub sau o tona folosita la determinarea navlului si armatorul are dreptul de a stabili navlul fie pe volum fie pe greutateUn prejudiciu cauzat de o forta majora,tuturor participantilor la un contaract, acoperita proportilonal de toate partile participante la expeditie.
Act ilegal si fraudulos comis de comandant si echipaj prin care se aduc prejudicii armatorului ori navlositorului.Coeficientul de contributie este stabilit prin negociere directa intre partile implicateEste contractul prin care se inchiriaza containere de catre incarcatorDocumentul pe care persoana din echipaj desemnata il completeaza evidentiind numarul de colete incarcate si locul unde se incarcaPretul marfurilor transportate.O clauza formulata astfel de IMOO placuta fixata pe usa frontala care atesta ca respectivul container rezista la solicitari statice in terminal si dinamice in timpul transportului pe mareDocumentul care evidentiaza zilnic de la inaintarea noticelui, curgerea staliilor,eventualele contrastalii sau despatchUn conosament redactat sub alta forma decit cea standardizata si tipizata.Un conosament folosit pentru transportul terestru al marfurilor.Este partea din contract negociata si inscrisa ca atare in continuarea contractului standardUn document intocmit separat de armator si navlositor prin care se evidentiaza zilnic curgerea staliilorUn agent (cu comision sau remuneratie stabilita) care se ocupa de cumpararea ori vinzarea de bunuri, marfuri, titluri negociabile, sau negociaza rata unui navlu, asigurari, etc. Vinzarile sau negocierile le efectueaza in numele celui pe care il reprezintaCh/P este un contract de vinzare internationala.Un conosament care dupa semnare nu a fost depus la data extrema pentru depunere sau in lipsa acestei date in termen de 21 de zile dupa semnarePersoana numita de catre oficialitati pentru a stabili masa pasiva (totalitatea bunurilor salvate care sint indreptatite sa primeasca despagubiri de la asiguratori)si masa activa (totalitatea cheltuielilor facute pentru salvarea comuna).O persoana fizica sau juridica specializata in transportul multimodal
Prevederile clauzelor din contractul de navlosire, modalitatea de angajare a navei, timpul de stalii, natura marfurilorZona geografica in care naviga navaMomentul inceperii curgerii staliilorneutruUn document care face dovada unui contract de transport si a preluarii sau incarcarii marfurilorNavlu platibil la sosirea navei in porturile de destinatie indiferent de prevederile conosamentului, cind expresia se insereaza in Ch/P.Inseamna o zi pe saptamina sau parte(ti) din aceasta in care lucrul pe nava in mod normal ar trebui sa aiba loc dar este suspendat la locul incarcarii/descarcarii din motive de lege locala sau practica locala.
Navlul platit in portul de incarcare inainte de inceperea incarcarii.Inseamna un port care, pe timpul respectivei perioade de timp, nava poate sosi, intra, ramine sau pleca din el, in absenta unor intimplari anormale, fara a fi expusa vreunui pericol care nu poate fi evitat printr-o buna navigatie sau practica marinareascaO zi lucratoare de 24 de ore consecutive cu exceptia perioadelor de timp in care incarcarea sau descarcarea este impiedicata de contitiile meteorologice sau ar fi fost impiedicata daca s-ar fi desfasurat.Ca NOR poate fi inaintat fara ca nava sa fie in port sau danaconform acestei expresii operatiunile de salvare sunt remunerate doar in cazul in care acestea au succesSe intelege faptul ca in situatia in care staliile au inceput si nava desfasoara operatiuni de incarcare sau descarcare in perioadele exceptate timpul astfel utilizat se va conta ca staliiProtestul de mare chiar si in cazul unei avarii comune nu trebuie sa cuprinda mentiuni specialeAcopera toate pagubele care se pot produce la marfa pe timpul transportuluiCa nava s-a incadrat in termenii contractualiArmatorul se obliga sa puna la dispozitie nava pentru a transporta marfurileIn situatia in care carausul si incarcatorul au convenit ca marfurile vor fi sau ar putea fi transportate pe punte, carausul trebuie sa insereze in conosament o declaratie care sa mentioneze ca marfurile au fost incarcate pe punte.Avaria comuna va fi solutionata conform legislatiei nationale din tara unde se produce avaria.Nava nu are voie sa devieze de la ruta normala sub nici o forma.Armatorul are dreptul de retentie pe marfa si pe orice subnavlu platit in legatura cu marfa pentru navlu, contrastalii, navlu mort, despagubiri pentru retinere si pentru orice sume datorate in baza contractului de navlosire inclusiv costurile de recuperare a acestoraDaca nava nu este gata sa incarce (fie ca este in dana sau nu) la data de reziliere mentionata in contract navlositorul are optiunea de a rezilia contractul.Armatorul are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor pentru orice avarie produsa lor de companiile de stivadoriMarfa sa fie adusa la copastie in asemenea mod incit sa permita navei sa o incarce cu propriul ei ganci. Navlositorul sa asigure si sa plateasca muncitori necesari pe cheu iar nava sa incarce marfurile la bord.Nu exista astfel de prevederi in GENCON 1994Odata ce s-a stipulat in contract ca o avarie comuna va fi reglementata conform regulilor YORK-ANVERS, orice alta prevedere contrara din legislatia nationala sau internationala referitoare la avariile comune va fi nula.Regulile de la HagaForma de asigurare mutuala si non-profit prin care armatorul isi asigurara responsabilitatile fata de avariile provocate unor tertiCaracterul sinalagmatic inseamna ca fiecare participant la contract are responsabilitati reciproce pentru realizarea contractuluiReprezinta documentul prin care comandantul ia atitudine fata de o situatie sau un eveniment extraordinar, care cauzeaza sau ar putea cauza daune materiale navei, marfii sau echipajului, eveniment pe care-l face public pe aceasta caleCand nava nu poate realiza viteza economica prevazuta in contract nu se produc efecte financiare pentru armatorFolosita la consolidarea mecanismului incasoului documentar cu conditia ca cuprinsul sau sa se prevada expres ca banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca pretul, renuntand la beneficiul de diviziune si discutiune, daca documentele atesta indeplinirea intocmai a obligatiilor contractuale ale vanzatoruluiNava sa fie dotata si echipata cu tot ce prevede legislatia nationala si internationalaConosament emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane (fie al destinatarului marfurilor, fie incarcatorului, fie al unei banci), care apoi poate andosa conosamentul unei alte persoaneConosament emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane (fie al destinatarului marfurilor, fie incarcatorului, fie al unei banci), care apoi poate andosa conosamentul unei alte persoaneConosament emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane (fie al destinatarului marfurilor, fie incarcatorului, fie al unei banci), care apoi poate andosa conosamentul unei alte persoaneTimpul economisit de catre navlositor in operarea navei si suma de bani platita de catre armator navlositorului ca prima pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare intr-o perioada de timp mai redusa decat cea alocata prin contractLucrarea care consta din calcularea si stabilirea indemnizatiilor de despagubire pe care asiguratorii urmeaza sa la plateasca proprietarilor navei si marfurilor care au suferit daune, pierderi sau daune cheltuielii in urma savarsirii unui act de avarie comunaUn eveniment produs in timpul unei expeditii maritime, in imprejurari exceptionale si acre nu poate fi evitat de o nava aflata in perfecta buna stare navigabilitate.Forma de stabilire a navlului prin care navlositorul plateste aceeasi suma de bani indiferent de cantitatea de marfa incarcata in conditiile in care armatorul pune la dispotia navlositorului o anumita capacitate de incarcare Notificare prin care Comandantul navei ii instiinteaza pe navlositori, in calitatea lor de agenti prezumati ai armatorului, ca nava este sosita si este gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru a incarca sau descarca marfa in conformitate cu conditiile contractului de navlosireZile care urmeaza una dupa alta cu exceptia duminicilor.Sunt stalii determinate de catre armator si navlositor in functie de rata de operare conform uzului portului dar nu mai mult de o perioada rezonabila de 5/10 zileSe intelege faptul ca perioadele de timp cit vremea impiedica operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare nu se vor conta ca staliiForma a creditului documentar prin care o banca se obliga in baza unui contract incheiat cu clientul sa plateasca beneficiarului indicat, pana la termenul stabilit, in baza prezentarii unor documente comerciale, indicate in deschiderea respectivului credit, o anumita sumaModalitate de solutionare a litigiilor prin care partile implicate cad de acord asupra utilizarii unui arbitru sau nomineaza fiecare cite un arbitruO persoana juridica indreptatita din punct de vedere legal sa construiasca sau sa cumpere o navaAvaria produsa navei sau marfurilor ca urmare a unui accident maritim, sau izvorand din natura lucrurilor (nava sau marfuri), fara a reprezenta vointa unei persoane sau intentia de a savarsi un act in legatura cu aceastaAvaria produsa ca urmare a unui accident maritim in care este afectata numai nava urmand ca pentru acoperirea pagubei sa participe atat armatorul cat si navlositorulPunerea de catre navlositor la dispozitia armatorului a tot ce este necesar pentru un voiaj in deplina siguranta.Nava sa satisfaca cerintele de echipare impuse de BIMCOBunuri care datorita calitatilor lor intrinseci nu se pot inlocui cu altele
Bunuri care datorita calitatilor lor intrinseci nu se pot inlocui cu alteleNava nu va fi balastata in perioada inchirierii, pentru balastare armatorul va plati un bonus navlositoruluiCostul ambalajului nu este cuprins in pretul marfiiZiua in care este data o notificare si ziua in care expira notificarea nu se includ in perioada notificataSumele pe care navlositorul este obligat sa le plateasca carausului pentru timpul de incarcare/descarcareCreditul documentar este o forma de creditare de catre banci pentru clienti comerciali in vederea derularii unor contracte de vanzare internationalaPerioada de timp folosita pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare dupa expirarea staliilor/suma de bani pe care navlositorul agreeaza sa o plateasca armatorului pentru perioada de timp folosita pentru incarcare sau descarcare peste termenul alocat in mod gratuit prin contractul de navlosireInseamna timpul cat armatorul va astepta, dupa expirarea staliilor, pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare-descarcarePrin aceasta expresie se inteleg: bunuri, obiecte, marfuri si articole de orice natura cu exceptia animalelor vii.Navlositorul va opera nava cu viteza prevazuta de uzurile porturilor.O dana la care o nava poate opera fara a se expune vre-unui pericol de orice natura ar fi.Prin marfuri se intelege : bunuri, obiecte si articole de orice natura cu exceptia animalelor vii si a incarcaturilor de pe punte.Forma a creditului documentar prin care o banca se obliga in baza unui contract incheiat cu clientul sa plateasca beneficiarului indicat, pana la termenul stabilit, in baza prezentarii unor documente comerciale, indicate in deschiderea respectivului credit, o anumita sumaMasa activa cuprinde toate valorile pierderilor sau daunelor verificate si pentru care cei interesati cu dreptul sa ceara despagubire. Ea cuprinde pierderile sau daunele suferite de nava si incarcatura precum si cheltuielile facute in mod voluntar pentru salvarea comunaActivitate prin care se angajeaza spatiul de transport (total sau partial) pe o nava maritima si care de obicei se finalizeaza prin incheierea unui contract de navlosire sau a unui Booking Note.Forma a creditului documentar prin care o banca se obliga in baza unui contract incheiat cu clientul sa plateasca beneficiarului indicat, pana la termenul stabilit, in baza prezentarii unor documente comerciale, indicate in deschiderea respectivului credit, o anumita sumaFolosita la consolidarea mecanismului incasoului documentar cu conditia ca cuprinsul sau sa se prevada expres ca banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca pretul, renuntand la beneficiul de diviziune si discutiune, daca documentele atesta indeplinirea intocmai a obligatiilor contractuale ale vanzatoruluiTimpul alocat pentru incarcere/descarcareStalii calculate conform "uzo porto"Un notice batut la masina, sau transmis prin radio.Avarii sunt toate cheltuielile extraordinare facute pentru nava si pentru incarcatura, pentru amandoua impreuna sau pentru fiecare in parte, si toate pagubele suferite de nava sau incarcatura dupa incarcare si plecare pana la sosire si descarcareDespatchul va fi jumatate din contrastalii pentru tot timpul salvat la ambele capeteDespatchul va fi jumatate din contrastalii pentru tot timpul salvat la ambele capeteFolosita la consolidarea mecanismului incasoului documentar cu conditia ca cuprinsul sau sa se prevada expres ca banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca pretul, renuntand la beneficiul de diviziune si discutiune, daca documentele atesta indeplinirea intocmai a obligatiilor contractuale ale vanzatoruluiCumparatorul se obliga sa plateasca pentru marfa pretul stabilitNavlositorul se obliga sa plateasca navlul stabilitCa un container nu poate suporta static in terminal o greutate mai mare decat cea inscrisa la aceasta rubricaRetinerea de catre caraus a marfurilor de la bord pina la plata sumelor stabilite in caz de avarie comuna.Timpul de stalii este dat de raportul dintre cantitatea de marfa si norma de incarcare/descarcare Daca se lucreaza pe timpul zilelor exceptate, numai orele efectiv lucrate conteaza ca staliiTimpul cat vremea impiedica lucrul va conta in calculul staliilor la jumatateD/A-ul la cele 2 porturi de descarcare va fi suportat de navlositorArmatorul va fi raspunzator pentru orice pierde sau daune cauzate marfurilor, sau pentru orice dauna rezultata din intarzieri in livrarea marfurilor numai pentru fapte personale si nu este raspunzator pentru daune sau cheltuieli cauzate de prepusii luiArmatorul poate sa substituie navaCheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare sunt suportate de navlositorCheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul proproetarului marfiiCheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare, stivuire si rujare a marfurilor sunt in contul proproetarului marfiiDe protejare a armatorului contra consecintelor ce ar rezulta, inainte sau dupa inceperea voiajului,indiferent din ce cauzaTransportului si documentelor respective li se vor aplica Regulile York-Anvers-1974Un cheu amenajat.Port inseamna o incinta special amenajata in care navele pot fi incarcate si/sau descarcate de marfa fiind recunoscuta in documentele specifice ca atare si marcata special pe hartile de navigatie.Perioada continua de 24 ore,care,numai daca nu se stipuleaza altfel, curge de la miezul noptii pana la miezul noptii urmatoareOrice persoana care,sau in numele careia a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare cu un incarcatorDozeaza obligatiile vinzatorului, care suporta toate cheltuielile pina ce marfa se va incarca la bordul navei.Clauzele inscrise in contractul standardDeterminarea cantitatii sa se faca prin una din metodele recunoscute international (draft survey, cantarire, etc) si numai dupa ce marfa a fost incarcata la bordul naveiSa contina o prevedere clara care poate sa identifice cu exactitate locul livrarii/relivrariiLa extindere protestul de mare trebuie sa aiba acelasi continut ca la depunereAfirmatia ca nava este in buna stare de navigabilitate, descrierea evenimentului cat mai pe scurt posibil si rezervarea dreptului de a extinde protestul la locul si timpul care ii convine armatoruluiLa extinderea protestului de mare comandantul va descrie detaliat modul cum a hotarat efectuarea de sacrificii voluntare in scopul salvarii comuneComandantul sa intocmeasca si sa depuna protestul de mareProprietarul navei punand nava disparent ownerului nu mai are competenta in urmarirea navei
O scrisoare de garantie prin care incarcatorul se obliga sa despagubeasca pe caraus pentru orice pierdere rezultata din emiterea de catre caraus a unui conosament ce nu este in concordanta cu mate's receipt nu are nici un fel de valoare juridica.Contractul ofera varianta de plata a navlului in avans sau plata in conformtate cu prevederile contractului de navlosireDaca nu a fost intentata o actiune de protest in termen de 1 an de la predarea marfurilor.Regulile nu se aplica in situatiile cind partile nu au convenit in mod expres in contract asupra aplicarii lor.Cind se executa un transport de marfuri pe mare numai pe baza de Ch/P si conosament.Totdeauna.Conosamentul se elibereaza conform cerintelor navlositorilor inscrise in Ch/P.ComandantulConosamentul Stivatorii sunt nominalizati de armatorii navelor ce deservesc liniile in urma unor negocieriArmatorulSint admise 10 zile lucratoare de contrastalii."DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor pentru tot timpul salvat atat la incarcare cat si la descarcareNu avem nici contrastalii nici timp economisitOblogatiile carausului nu inceteaza la incarcarea marfurilor.Cheltuielile legate de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul armatoruluiorice avarie comuna va fi solutionata conform Regulilor de la Hamburg.Da"DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor pentru tot timpul salvat atat la incarcare cat si la descarcarerenegocierea contractului ca urmare a cresterii costurilor de exploatare ale navei aflta intr/un contract pe termen lungcontractele de navlosire pe voiajComandantul va fi in legatura numai cu disponent owner-ulintruniri ale armatorilor si navlositorilor la care se dezbat probleme de interes la nivel mondialDaNavlositorul se obliga sa plateasca navlul stabilitVor conta ca stalii acele zile lucratoare de 24 de ore consecutive cu exceptia perioadelor in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile nu permit desfasurarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare, sau nu le-ar fi permis daca nava se afla sub operatiuni de incarcare/descarcareIn timpul de stalii sunt incluse toate zilele saptamanii fara a se tine seama de faptul ca o zi este sau nu zi lucratoareVor conta ca stalii acele zile lucratoare cu exceptia perioadelor in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile nu permit desfasurarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare, sau nu le-ar fi permis daca nava se afla sub operatiuni de incarcare-descarcareStaliile alocate sunt x zile consecutive incepand de la ora 12.00 din ziua imediat urmatoare in care s-a transmis NOR pana la ora 12 in ziua in care au expirat cele x zile alocateVor conta ca stalii toate zilele indiferent ca sunt sau nu sarbatori locale48 de orelegea locului de incarcare a marfurilorun asigurator poate accepta asigurarea unei marfi chiar daca marfa a ajuns cu bine la destinatieFOBin situatia in care exista contradictii intre regulile literare si cele numerice se apeleaza la dreptul comunNucel mai tarziu la expirarea a 12 ore de la predarea marfurilor de catre caraus.DaNuNu se prevede expresDaNuNuDaNumarfurile sunt in grija sa pe timpul transportului.este prevazut expres in contractul de transport si inscris in conosament.persoana care a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare cu un incarcator.raspunderea contractuala sau delictualaDa daca acest lucru se prevede expres in acreditiv.Conosamentul emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane, care il poate andosa unei alte persoane,aceasta devenind proprietarul de drept al marfii Nu
marfurile sunt transportate si livrate direct la primitorare stipulata valoarea marfii.constituie o dovada ca marfa a fost predata de producatorul acesteia.Nu are valoarea juridica a unui conosamentin favoarea unei anumite persoane nominata expresConosamentul eliberat de comandant prin care armatorul se obliga a incarca pe o anumita nava, marfurile luate in custodie, pe raspunderea sa de la incarcator, spre a le transporta intr-un anumit port FIATAClauza cu privire la navluArmatorului si posesorului conosamentuluieste contractul prin care navlositorul inchiriaza nava pentru o perioada destul de lungaDupa ce comandantul i-a informat pe navlositori ca nava se afla in contrastaliiDaca nava face reparatii la capacele magaziilor in care deja s-a finalizat incarcareaIn mod continuu din momentul expirarii staliilor pana la finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcarecea mai mare societate de asigurare din lumeContainerelor utilizate in transport navalComandantul se subordoneaza din toate punctele de vedere navlositoruluiAvaria comuna este orice avarie care are loc in imprejurari fortuite, avind drept cauza forta majora.Angajarea FIOS trebuie sa mareasca valoarea navluluiComandantul nu are mijloace pentru accelerarea acestor operatiuniPoate exploata nava in" voyage charter" ,"time charter" dar nu o poate exploata in "BARE BOAT"Semnatura depusa pe conosament poate fi scrisa numai de mina.Banca efectueaza platile si tine raspunzator pe incarcare pentru eventualele nereguli fata de primitorTimpul de stalii va fi calculat prin inmultirea normei de incarcare/descarcare a marfii cu numarul gurilor de magazie ale navei si impartind apoi cantitatea de marfa la rezultatul produsului.Se calculeaza conform clauzelor inserate in contractDocumentul intocmit de armator si inminat navlositorului prin care se aduce la cunostinta ca nava a sosit la dana fiind gata de operatiuni.Este contractul prin care armatorul unei nave stipuleaza cu un tert, ca pe baza platii unei prime, acesta sa-i plateasca o indemnizatie sau despagubire daca nava se pierde sau avariaza.Caracterul consensual stabileste un raport juridic bazat pe acordul de vointa a ambelor partiVanzatorul transporta marfurile catre cumparator in concordanta cu clauzele inserate in mod consensual in contractZile lucratoare inseamna o zi de 24 de ore in care conform calendarului BIMCO nu se excepta nici-o parte(ti) din acea zi.Conforma acesteia mafurile inscrise in conosament au fost incarcate la bordul navei sau au fost preluate spre incarcare.Orice posesor al conosamentului poate vinde sau transferea proprietatea asupra marfurilor, le poate depune drept garantie sau poate ob'ine credite chiar daca marfurile se afla pe mare Un conosament in care agentul a inscris toate clauze prevazute in instructiunile de deschiderea acreditivului.Vinzarea internationala reprezinta un ansamblu de activitati legate de transportul unor marfuri de la un proprietar la un cumparator, avind sediul intr-o alta tara.Inseamna ca zilele specificate nu vor conta ca stalii indiferent daca se opereaza sau nu La fel ca si in cazul unei avarii particulareConventia internationala pentru Transportul Marfurilor in ContainereBOOKING NOTEChiria se plateste cand disparent owmer-ul dispune de sumele necesareDaca NOR s-a transmis in zilele lucratoare in timpul orelor oficiale de birou pana la ora 12.00, staliile incep sa conteze in aceeasi zi de la ora 13.00, iar daca NOR s-a transmis, in zilele lucratoare in orele oficiale de birou, dupa ora 12.00 staliile incep sa conteze din ziua urmatoare neexeptata, de la ora 07.00Staliile vor incepe sa conteze la 6 ore dupa ce nava este gata, din toate punctele de vedere, de incarcare sau descarcare si NOR a fost transmisSa prelungeasca actele naveiDaca dupa cele 5 zile bancare prevazute in conosament navlul nu a fost platit, armatorul va da notificarile ce se impun dupa care poate sa-si exercite dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilormarfurile au fost incarcate in stare bunaTimpul utilizat inainte de inceperea staliilor se va conta ca staliiArmatorul nu are competenta legala sa ia masuriNavlositorul poate incarca orice alta marfa care necesita o capacitate volumetrica cel mult egala cu cea a marfii mentionate in contract6000$ USD24 de ore de la primirea notificariiarmatorul are obligatia de a transporta marfa doar pina in Constanta deoarece Bucuresti nu este portaceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ia pilot la bord si se indreapta catre portul Constantaacesta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care debarca primul pilot folosit pentru manevra de iesire a navei din portul respectivaceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ia pilot la bord si se indreapta catre una din danele portului Constanta
conosament nominativNava va astepta sosirea marfii pentru a nu plati "SHORT SHIPPED"Noua data de reziliere a contractului este stabilita la 7 zile de la data transmiterii notificariiPerioadele de timp petrecute in rada portului in care ploua se conteaza ca staliiPerioadele de timp petrecute in rada portului in care ploua nu se conteaza ca staliiNava trebuie sa incarce cel putin o cantitate de marfa egala cu deadweight-ul brut al naveiTimpul de stalii alocat pentru incarcare se aduna cu timpul de stalii alocat pentru descarcare si apoi se efectueaza calculele18$ USDif laytime has expired and demurrage has not been provided forAcopera un singur voiajPentru ca la finalizarea contractului in cazul ca se produc avarii la marfa, sa aiba o suma de unde sa fie despagubitiNumai de comandantul navei pe care se transporta marfurile.De regulile YORK - ANVERSCargo si Casco.A letter of indemnity signed by the shipperscontinously from the moment laytime expires up to completion of loadingvessel is under hatch cover repairs for holds already loadedper running day or pro rataafter master send a notice to charterers informing them that vessel is on demurragealways when loading or discharging is completed prior to expiration of laytimeIntotdeauna deoarece stivatorii trebuie premiati pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare inaintea expirarii staliilorDin 22 de reguli numerotate cu cifre romane.Clauzele privind curgerea staliilorIn lipsa unei prevederi contrare nomineaza totdeauna comandantulDisponent owner-ul se poate imprumuta la banca si sa garanteze cu nava in orice situatieNo, they have no insurable interest since they do not own the vessel or the cargoMultimodal transport document;Yes, he has a common law lien on cargo in his possesion for its contribution to a General Averagea monopolistic marketIn aprecierea caracterului restrictiv al mentiunilor facute pe conosament trebuie sa se aibe in vedere daca sunt afectate interesele vanzatoruluiConosamente la ordin si conosamente directeDaIn blankelementul de pierdere totalaAmbalaj solidCa navlul se va plati in intregime dupa semnarea conosamentelor dar inainte de eliberarea lorCa navlul se va plati in proportie de 95% intr-un numar de zile consecutive dupa semnarea si eliberarea conosamentuluiCa nava va opera conform clauzelor inscrise in mod consensual in contractif wind force is below 4 on Beaufort Scaleit is enough that charterers consider her off-hirefor owners accountvoyage ordersfreight market is expected to riseper metric or long or short ton of cargoper weight or measurementat shipper's riskbills of lading relating to carriage of goods between ports in the same countryfrom tackle at loading port to delivery at discharging portwhen carriage is covered by a charteparty bill of ladingto carriage of goods by roadBills of lading is issued in a country where Hague Visby rules have been ratifiedthey are considered valid if one of the parties demonstrates that they were deleted by mistake
Every party to a common adventure is covering its own looses if they are below the deductible, otherwise they are shared equaly between all involved partiesthey are entitled to a commission, called brokerage, from the gross freight or hire earned which is paid by the party they representBy obtaining a court order to allow him to put lien on cargo at the discharging port for these amountsBy asking port authorities what is berthing time and droping anchor where ordered by port authoritiesby stopping the vessel when repairs are requiredby procuring a special insurance for these kind of claimsThe true owner of the bill of lading can deliver it to another person for some valuable consideration and in this way the ownership of the goods is transferredA working day is a day or part of the day not expressly excluded from laytimeA holiday is a day other than the normal weekly day(s) of rest, or part thereof, when by local law or practice the relevant work during what would otherwise be ordinary working hours is not normally carried out.Laytime is calculated according with Booking NoteAbove expression shall mean a working day of 24 working hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel if the vessel is a loading or discharging berthhire is paid when charterers receive the freight for every voyage perfomedHire is usually paid at internvals of 15 or 30 daysDay shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted as a day.Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted as a day.for just a single voyageMaximum 6 non negotiable copies of a bill of lading can be issuedmaximum 10 working daystwelveA bill can be issued in as many originals as required by the shippers with the only condion that number of originals is clarly inserted into the bill of lading.if bill of lading is marked "freight prepaid"by employing non union stevedoring companies if the vessel call countries where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian countries, Australia etc.)he should wait in the hope that the situation may improvevessel is angaged in unlawful venturesDisponent ownersit is in the hands of the chartererit is clear that the charterer has the option to choose the quantity of cargo to be loaded which anyhow should be between the minimum and maximum quantity mentioned in the charterpartywill be operated at one good safe anchorage which is always accessible and where she will lay always afloatthe cost of implementing safety measures is very highlaytime will start once Notice of readiness is properly tenderedshould wait for the cargo in order not to loose freightask for a letter of indemnity not to be kept responsible for cargo damagesmaster can hand bills to the agents and agents will decide when to release ita bill of lading marked "clean on board" based on a letter of indemnity from the shippersa new notice of readiness is required when the vessel is actualy readymaster is under an obligation to deliver the goods to that personUSD 18 per metric tonUSD 18$ per metric tonownerscharterers are entitled to compensate the estimated value of damages with the freight duehas to follow custom of the port and accept lighteningactual time used will count only if the vessel is employed on condition SSHEX UUowners are entitled to damages for detention for all time lostbareboat chartererwhen the vessel enter the administrative, legal and fiscal area of the port of Constantashipownersemployement of LILO termscharterers are under an obligation to load her up to her maximum deadweight cargo capacitythe master can not tender NOR before 10th December even if the vessel is in all respects ready to load beforeshould agree to vacate the berth and in the same time inform P&I correspondentto carry on his activities without fear for any loss as the insurance company has to cover any lossowners have to prove that cargo was not damaged due to their fault
owners are responsible for the damages, unless they can prove that cargo was not damaged by their faultdate of completion loading for all cargoUSD 27,000USD 27,000USD 12,500USD 12,500market value of the vessel at the time of lossowners are entitled to freight without any deductionsvessel will be delivered when she pass Sulina Pilot Station on her way out of the portvessel will be delivered when she takes pilot at Constanta and proceeds to loading berthvessel will be delivered when she takes pilot at Constanta and proceeds to loading berthif the vessel is employed of free in and out termsNo, one of the documents required to get a claim paid is the policy and if same is not signed claim can not be settledowners have the right to put lien on cargo if freight is not paid before delivery of the cargoNOR can be tendered by delivery of a printed form or letterGeneral average is settled in accordance with the rules aplicable in the country where the voyage startsThe cargo owners position is the same like the cargo was loaded under deck and they contribute to General Average or receive contribution from the other parties to the adventure if their cargo is lost or is saved during a Gereal Average operationdespatch is payable for working time savedA Standard Bunker Clausechartererscharterers will cover cargo loading expenses while shipowners will cover all cargo discharging expensesboth shipowners and charterersmost probably, chartererstime used before commencement of laytime will countmaster can release bills to the shippers unless he is instructed otherwise by the ownerscharterers will cover cargo loading expenses while shipowners will cover all cargo discharging expensesexpress terms of the charterparty have priority of interpretationthe owners have no mean of recourse against charterersactual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall count as loading or discharging timeSaturdays and holidays are not counted as laytimeSaturdays and holidays are counted as laytimeshifting time is counted as laytimeshifting time is counted as laytimenett weighton quantity ascertained at loading portthe charterer can load any other cargo as long as its stowage factor is not higher and he pays the freight agreed in the charter-partyfreight is paybale even if the vessel and/or cargo is lost after completion of loadingactual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall count as loading or discharging timetime lost due to lack of cargo will be counted as laytime even if it is rainningtime lost due to lack of cargo will be counted as laytime even if it is rainningthe owners are responsible for wrong delivery of the cargoonly if all original are presentedif the weather is good and distance short owners can risk and send her at seahe is still entitled to limit his liability according with either Hague or Hamburg Rulesthe carrier is bound to issue one based on information from Mate's receiptmaster release the cargo and return original bill of lading to the receiverlaytime is calculated separately for ports of loading and dischargingonly BIMCO approved forms must be usedtranshipment of the cargo is always acceptablecarrier is under an obligation to transport the cargo only up to Constanta, as Bucharest is not a portshipownershipowners
to every voyage performedunpaid freightperhaps, depending on local lawto exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthycarriers exceptions to liabilitiesH&M and P&I insurersFIOST - Marfa va fi adusa in hambare, incarcata, stivuita si rujata si luata din hambare si descarcata de navlositori sau agentii lor, libera de orice risc, responsabilitati sau cheltuiala din partea armatorului.Pentru fiecare port conform normei de incarcare/descarcare o pierdere aparuta in cadrul avariei comuneAspectele comerciale ale voiajuluiNettoFOBFOBNava este inclinata 10 grade spre babord la plecarea din portul de incarcarenava este abandonata deoarece pirderea totala reala pare inevitabilaNava are bord marfuri perisabileLa toate contractele de transport pe mare intre doua state diferite daca au convenit ca atare.the party whom the carrier is instructed to tender notice of readiness at discharging portHague - Visby rules apply continously from port A to port Buse his correct draft survey figures to show the true quantity loaded no matter who the holder of the bill of lading is.the bareboat ownerMaster will sign "Clean on board" bills of lading only if shippers and receivers sign a Letter of IndemnityThe master can release the cargo against one copy of the original bill of ladingNumarul de copii nenegociabile sunt indicate de agentul naveiprotectia oferita este mutuala, in sensul ca fiecare armator este in acelasi timp si asigurator si asiguratapartin armatorilorarmatorul va primi navlul in functie de numarul teoretic de voiaje consecutive ce pot fi efectuate de navaArmatorul se poate baza in continuare pe conventiile de limitare a responsabilitatilorcel mai probabil se va considera ca navlositorul din contractul de bareboat este carausArmatorul nu este responsabil daca marfurile se pierd indiferent de cauza din care acestea se pierdeste datoria armatorului sa demonstreze ca marfurile nu s/au avariat din vina saarmatorul este responsabil daca nu demonstreaza ca marfurile nu s-au avariat din vina saNavlositorul este indreptatit sa compenseze contravaloarea avariilor cu o parte din navlu si sa plateasca diferenta armatoruluinava intra la adapost in cazul conditiilor meteorologice nefavorabile (vint forta 10, mare extrem de agitata)Disponent owner-ul Masurile de siguranta ce trebuiesc luate conduc la cheltuieli mariComandantul va semna un astfel de conosament daca primeste ordin de la armatorRegulile de la HAGADupa acostarea navei si finalizarea controalelor de rutinaeste obligatoriu ca acesta sa fie identic cu modelele aprobate de BIMCOnava transporta droguriIn oricate exemplare cu singura conditie ca numarul conosamentelor originale sa fie mentionat in conosament.on number of theoretical voyages that can be performedeste acela de marfa care ocupa volumul total al magaziilor navei sau conduce la utilizarea intregii capacitati de incarcare a naveiProprietarul navei Toate ordinele armatorului in ceea ce priveste porturile de incarcareTaxele de tranzitare prin stramtori/canale sunt in sarcina armatorului indiferent de forma de navlosirein proportie de 100 % de asiguratorii H&Mthe safety of the cargoBooking notePe cantitatea de marfa incarcataPe greutatea bruta
transbordarea marfurilor este permisa in anumite imprejurariLa sosirea navei in rada portului de destinatieDoar in primul port de incarcarein fiecare port de escala al naveiIn trei zile bancare de la eliberarea conosamentelor daca acestea sunt marcate "freight payable as per charter party"In trei zile bancare de la eliberarea conosamentelor daca acestea sunt marcate "freight prepaid"uzura normala a obiectului asiguratasigurarea CASCO se anuleaza imediat daca nava este in porteste necesar a se determina daca nava poate ajunge pina in urmatorul port cu cantitatea de combustibil de la bordeste obligatorie doar pentru navele ce transporta produse petroliereel are dreptul de a demonstra contrariul indiferent in posesia cui se afla conosamentulcaraus si orice posesor al conosamentului Este acelasi cu nivelul contrastaliilorcomandantul va accepta sa emita conosamente fara remarci doar daca incarcatorul ii furnizeaza o scrisoare de garantie prin care este exonerat de orice raspundere cu privire la conditia marfiicomandatul poate elibera marfa si fara a se prezenta un conosament originalcomandantul trebuie sa elibereze marfurile posesorului conosamentuluisa-si defasoare activitatile dupa cum doreste, deoarece asigurarea trebuie sa plateasca orice despagubirecomandantul poate elibera marfa, in portul de destinatie, doar daca ii sunt prezentate toate exemplarele originaleSe subintelege ca aceste limite sunt in optiunea armatorului si ca acesta are dreptul de a alege orice cantitate ce se incadreaza intre aceste limite Despatch-ul se plateste pentru o perioada de timp egala cu diferenta dintre momentul in care expira staliile si in momentul in care se finalizeaza operatiunea de incarcare sau descarcare din care se scad toate perioadele de timp exceptateon vessel's arrival at discharging portconditionsa regular and international meeting of all carriers operating scheduled liner services between some designated ports, with the purpose of discussing problems of mutual interestNava va opera imediat ce dana va fi dana liberathat despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all time saved at both loading and discharging portsthat despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all time saved at both loading and discharging portsthat at both loading and discharging port there will be no demurrage payable to the ownersthe previous voyagea ship was reasonably abandoned on account of its actual actual total loss appearing to be unavoidableif he fails to keep his ship in good conditionwhen a ship was so badly damaged that the costs of repais would exceed the value of the repaired vesselP&I clubs are involved in salvage cases since they pay the salvage rewardafter the ship has been damaged from any causewhen there is a discrepancy between ship's and shore cargo figureswhen cargo is loaded too fast or too slowFOBFOBthe ship is listed 8 degrees on port side on sailingvessels sailed from last port without statutory certificatesvessel has on board refrigerating cargoesbareboat charter-partiesO inspectie atenta a corpului navei si a instalatiilor saleBaltic and International Conference, CopenhagenDa, daca conosamentul este semnat de comandantNuNu, daca s-a depus o scrisoare de garantieDaNuDaacela ca in anumite imprejurari se remunereaza operatiunile de salvare a vietii umane pe mareAcord intre particomisionul platit unui curtier maritim pentru incheierea tranzactiei de navlosire a navei sau pentru procurarea de navlu partial.
Destinatarul marfurilor, incarcatorul, sau banca emitenta poate andosa conosamentul unei alte persoaneNavlositorIn sarcina armatoruluiArmatoruluiIncarcatorului marfiiPastreaza controlul navei din punct de vedere legallegalnavlositorarmatorul naveinavlositor12 ore consecutiveNavlositorProprietarului marfilorchiriasul naveiarmatorulChiriasului naveiNavlositorul marfiiarmatorului naveiechipajului naveiArmatorului-navlositorProprietarului marfilorInseamna o zona in care navele incarca sau descarca marfuri fie ca este vorba de incarcare la dana, ancoraj, geamanduri sau ceva asemanator si include in cele mai multe cazuri locurile in care navele asteapta la rand, sunt instructionate sau sunt obligate sa astepte, indiferent de distanta la care se afla de aceasta zonapentru fiecare voiaj efectuat de navaUnder no circumstances a vessel can be redeliered dirtyThe disponent owner is entitled to borrow money and mortgage the ship, as he has vessel's possesion during the charter-partyYes, always the seller is the shipperRegulile de la Haga, Hamburg si York Anverselibereaza marfurile si nu retine la bord conosamentul originalLa 840 DST pe colet si 3 DST. pe kg;La de doua ori valoarea navlului pentru marfurile intarziate la livrare;FIOSTSa plateasca jumatate din chirie pentru perioada respectivaArmatorulsa informeze armatorul inainte de a semna.Charter PartyStrike clausesare considered a fraudulent practice and can never be accepted by the ownersa market dominated in the same time by monopol and perfect competitionUnei scrisori de garantie bancarathe biggest insurance company in the worldFILO termsLILO termsMarfuri neomogene, ambalate si de dimensiuni mai reduse, satisfacand partial, ele singure capacitatea de incarcare a unei naveMarfuri omogene, neambalate si transportate in loturi destul de mari pentru a satisface capacitatea de incarcare a naveiEgala cu produsul dintre navlul unitar si cantitatea de marfa neincarcata de catre navlositor pana la limita maxima stabilita in contractgradul de pericol suportat de nava salvatoareHague Rules0, 15 milioane dolari0, 15 milioane dolariCustom of the portNavlul platit armatorului pentru punerea la dispozitia navlositorului a intregii capacitati de incarcare a naveiDespagubirea pe care o primeste armatorul pentru capacitatea de transport neutilizata
Suma de bani pe tona sau metru cubSuma de bani globala indiferent de cantitatea de marfa incarcata de navlositorDoar in prima zi a L/CCambia sau trata reprezinta un titlu de credit autonom prin care o persoana denumita tragator da ordin altei persoane denumita tras sa plateasca neconditionat la o anumita data denumita scadenta ,o anumita suma de bani3666.66 USDArmatorul naveiNava nu se afla in buna stare de navigabilitate daca ceapa s-a incarcat in primul port iar ciocolata in cel de-al doilea port6 zile7 zile 6 ore6 zile 16 ore5 zile si 20 ore32,000 metric tone 5 percent more or less in owners optioncele 2 containere cazute peste bord9000 tone10.500 tone10800 toneIn momentul in care ancoreaza la SulinaIn momentul in care ajunge in limitele legale, administrative si fiscale ale portului ConstantaIn momentul in care ajunge in limitele legale, administrative si fiscale ale portului Constantaaveam de-a face cu o avarie comuna deoarece actul a fost intentionatAre de efectuat reparatii la capacele magaziei numarul 2proprietarul tevilor este indreptatit sa fie despagubit in cadrul avariei comuneentitled to discharge the cargo at the nearest safe portentitled to discharge the cargo at the nearest safe portParties to a common adventure contribute to General Average according to their sound market value at the time of departure from last loading portforbidden amendmentsdocument prepared by the insurance company of the cargo in which the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel is noted along with any discrepancies in the quantity compared with the vessel’s manifest.costul unitar pe tona de marfa transportata cresteeste suficient sa considere navlositorul ca nava respectiva subperformeazaCele inscrise in contractse estimeaza ca navlurile vor cresteSe conteaza ca stalii indiferent de prevederile contractului de navlosireSe conteaza ca stalii indiferent de prevederile contractului de navlosiremonopolul armatorilorOrice avarie produsa la bordul navei in scopul salvarii navei si/sau echipajului.Ca nava va incarca o marfa fara a incalca legislatia din portul de incarcare si din portul de descarcareca nava va incarca o marfa fara a incalca legislatia din portul de incarcare, din portul de descarcare si eventual a statului al carui pavilion il poartaTimpul lucrat in conditii de vreme nefavorabila se va conta ca staliiSe plateste navlul chiar daca nava se pierde imediat dupa incarcare dar inainte de semnarea conosamentelorse plateste navlul chiar daca nava se pierde imediat dupa incarcare dar inainte de semnarea conosamentelorSunt satisfacute doar interesele navlositorului care poate finaliza operatiunile de incarcare chiar daca a depasit perioada de timp alocata prin contractTotalitatea sumelor de bani pe care armatorul le poate solicita de la navlositor in situatia in care nu reuseste sa gaseasca marfa pentru voiajul de intoarcerePerioada de timp alocata prin contractul de navlosire reprezentantilor navlositorului pentru a efectua operatiunile de incarcare si/sau descarcare pentru care nu se plateste nici o suma peste nivelul navlului din contractNavlositorului - chiriasbe considered General Average since the cargo, the freight and the ship will be able to continue the voyage after repairsExista o prevedere expresa in contractul de navlosire ce permite armatorului incarcarea marfurilor pe punteConosamentul este emis intr-o tara care a ratificat regulileDaacestea nu au fost livrate in termen de 60 de zile consecutive de la expirarea termenului de livrare.845 de unitati de cont pe colet sau alta unitate de transport, sau 2,5 unitati de cont pe kilogram de greutate bruta a marfurilor pierdute sau avariate, oricare din ele este mai nmare.de doua ori si jumatate valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere.Conosamentul sau alt document care face dovada contractului de transport pe mare este "clean".
Nu se prevede expres.La toate contractele de transport pe mare intre doua state diferite daca portul de incarcare se afla intr-un stat ce a ratificat conventia.BIMCO cu sediul la COPENHAGAConditiile pe care sa le indeplineasca partile contractante in vederea acceptarii/realizarii unui contract international de vanzareRegula de interpretare, regula Paramount, regulile literale A-G avand caracter de principii generale, regulile numerice I-XXII referitoare la cazuri practice de avarie comunaToate remarcile de pe ordinul de incarcare referitoare la marfa si/sau ambalajul marfii se vor transfera pe conosamenthave to be included into bill of ladingagreements voluntarily entered in to save property from vessels that already sunksunt considerate o practica fraudulenta si nu trebuie niciodata acceptate de catre armatorpot fi acceptate de catre comandant daca este vorba de un navlositor mare, cu care armatorul are contracte regulate$ 0.12 milion$ 0.12 milionCapitanul secund al navei si este contrasemnat de catre stivatoridocument drawn up by the stevedoring company listing the working and non working periods together with reasons for work interruptions from the moment the vessel start loading or dischargingthe master and is countersigned by the stevedoring company and ship's agentacceptati serviciul oferit de salvatori, deoarece nivelul primei de salvare va fi stabilit de instantaOrce persoana de catre care sau in numele careia sau din autorizarea careia s-a incheiat cu carausul un contract de transport de marfuri the quality of bunker on deliveryCustom of the portSeawaybill is not a document of titlethere is a special provision in the contract of carriage allowing the shipowner to load cargoes on deckto contracts of carriage covered by seawaybills or any other similar document of title , is so far e as such documents refer to carriage of goods by seaIf cargo is stowed on deck and Bill of Lading is clearly mentioning that cargo is stowed on deckby multiplying difference between minimum quantity charterer is an under an obligation to load and quantity loaded with the unit freightloading and discharging charges are almost always for charterers account and this is made clear by the bill's of lading terms, conditions, liberties and exceptionsusually sets out some fairly basic provisions but otherwise incorporating in general terms, some or all of the provisions of a pre-existing agreementlaytime usually commences at 07.00 next working day subject to weather permittingis the servant of the chartererssplit losses incurred for the common good equitably over all the interests which benefitthe degree of danger to the salvage shipdespatch for quick loading or dischargingchange of crew agencydictates the precise circumstances and conditions which must arise for General AverageLay timeis always counted as laytimeto keep actual possesion of the goodsca un act sau o omisiune a carausuluiSe estimeaza ca euro va creste in raport cu dolaruldocumentul fractionat este eliberat de posesorul legitim al conosamentului initial, fara nici o interventie din partea navlositorului sau armatoruluiNu este indicata persoana careia I se transmite conosamentulRound Trip Chartereste bine sa ajutati nava in cauza deoarece astfel reduceti o serie de cheltuieli suplimentare pentru companie LONDRACOPENHAGA/1990La Capitania portului de inmatriculare a naveiConosamentele nu se pot tranzactiona, detinatorul legal al conosamentului fiind proprietarul marfurilorto ordinary commercial shipments made in the ordinary course of trade and where there is no justification for any special agreementCharter-party contains a clause stating that stowage is done under master's supervisionact, neglect or default of the carrier, master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the shipact, neglect or default of the carrier, master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the shipact, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the cargoThe sacrifice or expenditure must be extraordinary
the action taken must be for the common safetywhere there is a statement on the face of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods may be carried on deck, and the goods are, in fact stowed on deckMaster will issue a second set of Bills of Lading if the true holder of the bill of lading declares that he lost the first set.Hamburg Rulesbefore commencement of loadingvaloarea de piata a navei la momentul scufundariigreutatea ce poate fi stivuita deasupra unui container, astfel ca in timpul calatoriei solicitarile dinamice sa nu avarieze containerul.voyage charter-partieswetting previously undamaged cargo while extinguishing a fireA set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the obligations and rights of the seller and buyer in sale of goods transactionsthe owners have no legal right to interfere, charterers will be responsble if at the end of the contract the vessel is not redelivered in the same good order and condition as on deliverycontractual salvageSeaway billGeneral Average Guaranteeto decide matters in dispute between two parties to a shipping-related contract, as an alternative to litigationto negociate the terms and conditions of a charterparty and to ask for approval from owners or charterers before signatureHague Rulesa maritime lien is a lien against the property whereas a possessory lien is a lien against the personTo insure member shipowners and operators against third party liabilities not covered by their hull and machinery policies and to compensate members against themcapital coststo be originalThe buyer must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss or of damage to the goods is transferred from the buyer to the seller when goods pass the ship's rail at the loading portThe seller must bear all costs and risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail at the loading port (Constanta)possesory liensshe can repudiate the contract and claim damagesshe can repudiate the contract and claim damagesA clear identification of loading and discharging portsThey would be liable for cargo loss, damage and delay, but they would be able to limit their liability according to the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as common lawHague Ruleson contracts of affreighment marketsmixed policytotal lossesprepaiddespatch for all time saved is always higher than despatch for working time savedunit costs is increasing while deadweight is increasingResult of a laytime calculation can be either demurrage or despatchThey should send to the charterers a notification after due date and if the charterers do not pay during grace period, owners can withdraw the vessel from time charterers' serviceas long as demurage is paid there is no problem and he should not interfereAny lawful cargoesCover against actual total loss or constructive total loss of his ship's hull, machinery and equipmentcover against accidental damage to his ship's hull, machinery and equipmentall expenses incurred by the carrier to return his vessel to original load port if he is not able to find suitable employmentIt means that if the vessel will ballast for long time between loaded legs owners are entitled to a compensation for all their extra expenses for loss of time and moneyIt means that charterer has the liberty to add together loading and discharging time and make the calculations like loading and discharging are a single operationIt means that the vessel can carry cargoes that can be loaded, carried and discharged without breaking the regulations at loading port, discharging port and regulations of the flag stateaccording to this clause the buyer can request a price discount if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual qualityaccording to this clause the buyer can request a price discount if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual qualityaccording to this clause the buyer can request a price discount if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual qualityA bill of lading which can be transferred from one person to another by orders from the shipper or the person who issued it at shippers' requestit means that the vessel has to be operated into a certain period of time after arrivalA "bearer" bill of lading is a bill of lading that has the words "to bearer" or "to holder" in the consignee space or after indorsmentthe fact that water density at respective port of call is higher than sea water density
it means that charterers have the right to appoint t loading and discharging portsIt means that charterers have the option to redeliver the vessel not cleaned against payment of a lumpsum amountIt means that in case work is carried out before commencement of laytime actual time used before commencement of laytime will not count as laytimeIt means that if no loading or discharging berth is available on her arrival, the vessel, on reaching any usual waiting-place at or off the port, shall be entitled to tender notice of readiness from it and laytime shall commence in accordance with the charter party.It means that the vessel can tender the notice of readiness even if coustom formalities have not been completedIt means that the vessel can tender notice of readiness even if free practique is not obtained, but if latter on free practique is not obtained, notice of readiness will be considered invalidIt means that master can tender notice of readiness only if the vessel is within the port limits, is waiting at usual waiting place and where she was ordered by port authoritiesIt means that notice of readiness can only be tendered once the vessel is within the port limits or at usual waiting place or where she was odered by port authorities, in a berth and with free practique and custom clearance obtainedIt means that, according to custom of the port, an expert will calculate how many days are allowed to the charererer or his agents for completion of loading or discharging.The period during which the ship is obliged by the charterparty to present herself at the loading port, and during which the charterers are not obliged to accept the ship for loading.An agreed amount paid to the charterer for the use of the whole, or part, of a ship to carry cargo on a given voyageA bill of lading issued to order of a not named or named entity (bank, consignee, shipper) who is entitled to endorse the billIt means that the days specified do not count as laytime unless loading or discharging is carried out on thema set of original, "clean on board" Bills of Lading made out "to order"a full packing list with cargoes to be loaded after completion of survey report and a proposed stowage planprotection against thirst party liabilities not covered by hull and machinery policiesProtection against vessel's arrest for right or wrong cargo claims for which owners are responsibleIt means that the vessel should be ready either phisically or legalysacrificesfittedness for the intended voyageCargo is retained under owners custody till settlementA new Notice of readiness is tendered immediately after inspection if master consider at least one hold is ready for loadingon hire surveya full inspection of the hull an ship's equipmentsa system of stabilizing the freight when there are sudden and unexpected changes in the cost of bunkera system of protecting the shippers when their expenses are expressed in other currency than the currency they pay the freight and there is a sudden and unexpected change in the exchange rateevery damage to a property generated by a maritime peril and for which master/crew is not responsbleA notice given to the charterer, shipper, receiver or any other persons as required by the charterparty that the vessel will arrive at the port or berth and will be ready to load or discharge as the case may be.one or more clauses agreed between shipowners and charterers that suplement a standard charter-party formthe bank is releasing the money and keep the seller responsible for any claims at discharging porta premium levied on P&I Club's members by the club managersa person who is the temporar owner of the vessel performing the carriage from one place to anotheran approved standard agreement containing the express terms of an agreement for the charter of a ship.A bill of lading that can replace a charterpartyAn agreement between a shipper and a carrier, for the carriage of a large number of containers between specific places, over a specified period of time, by vessels of a type and size nominated by the carrier and accepted by the shipperAn agreement between a charterer and a shipowner, for the carriage of a large quantity of named goods between specific places, over a specified period of time, by vessels of a type and size specified by the charterers, but which are nominated b the ownersa claim value or threshold which must be reached before any claim will be met by the insurera compulsory minimum charge payable by the shipowners to their P&I club for each loss they recover under an insurance policyA bill of lading issued by the agents on other form than the standard and recomended BIMCO form.A bill of lading issued by the agents on other form than the standard and recomended BIMCO form.a firm specialising in paying the freight for and on behalf of the charterers and preparing the logistic processA general average act is any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure that is incurred in time of peril for the purpose of preserving the property from peril in a common adventure and which is equally shared by all interested parties.a person usually appointed by shipowners or insurers for adjusting and providing the general average statement showing contribution and compansation of every party involvedA partial loss incurred through a deliberate act performed with the intention of protecting owners interests involved in a voyage from a danger which threatens the vesselAn undertaking issued by a bank, on behalf of the buyer, to the seller (exporter), to pay for goods, provided that the seller presents documents which comply fully with the terms and conditions of the letter of credita carrier who is transporting cargoes only for his own interest and from time to time for close charaterersa berth which, during the relevant period of time, the ship can reach, remain at and depart from without, even if there is some abnormal occurrence, being exposed to danger which cannot be avoided by good navigation and seamanship.A solemn declaration made by a charterer under oath before a notary public to the effect that the loss, damage or delay to the ship or its cargo have been caused by circumstances beyond the charterers' control.The master should follow time charterer's instructions in so far as they relate to the administrative activities of the shipa bill of lading issued when part of the goods are loaded on board the shipa contract for hire of a named vessel, with or without crew, for a specified period of timeA time sheet is a document drawn up by shipowners or charterers which details the time worked together with the laytime used and compare the latter with time allowed and based on this calculate either the demurrage or despatch.
a term of the policy which when breached allow the underwriter to get compensation from the assuredOne of the set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the ship's master at the loading port, allowing the shipper to load and deliver of the cargo to the carrierall natural events including wind and wavesA signed undertaking given by the cargo receivers stating that, in return for delivery to the or their order of the goods noted in the bond, they agree to pay the proper proportion of any General Average charges.A wrongful act wilfully commited by the charterers or crew to the prejudice of the owner or receiverThe final day of laydays, after which, if the ship presents herself at the loading port, charterers have the option to cancel the charterparty.A sum of liquidated damages charged by the shipowner to the charterer for his failure to load the vessel up to her maximum deadweight cargo capacityA monetary reward payable by owners to charterers for completion of cargo operations before the laytime has expiredThe agreed rate payable to the shipowner for the carriage of goods from the port of shipment to the agreed destination.the clause from the rider has priority of interpretation over the clause from the standard formThe owners have the right to discharge the cargo at the nearest port if they are not paid the outstanding hire in fullThe period of time agreed between the shipowner and the charterer during which the owner must make and keep the ship available for loading and/or discharging without payment additional to the freight.a natural tendency of the goods to deteriorate if they are not proper looked forIt means that the assured must disclose to the insurer, before the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is known to the assured.withing Institute Navigation Limitsa bill of lading which was presented to the bank after expiry of the date of the credit or 21 days after signature if a date of expiry is not mentioneda clause that provides that the assured has no duty to take all reasonable steps to avert or minimize any loss for which a claim would be payable under the policy. In return, most costs incurred in taking such steps are recoverable from the underwriters.Tally sheet is the document issued by persons recording cargo coming into or going out of a shipThe right of the carrier to retain possesion of the cargo carried as a security for the performance of an obligation under contract, or to secure satisfaction of a claim.they have to take into consideration shippers' interestsbetween 70,000 and 150,000 dwtbetween 28,000 and 45,000 dwtbetween 18,000 and 35,000 dwtbetween 35,000 and 75,000 dwtbetween 48,000 and 58,000 dwtThere is no difference as both common law and contractual lien have to be incorporated by a term expressed in the contract in order to offer effective protectionUnder FOB delivery risks are transferred from buyer to seller on passing ships rail at loading port while under CIF delivery risks are transferred on passing ship's rail at discharging port"per working hatch" means that laytime is calculated basis number of holds under loading and "per workable hatch" means that laytime is calculated basis number of holds availableThere are significant differences as according first expression a working day of 24 hours can extend itself over more days if work program at the port is less than 24 hoursWhereas in carriage of goods law breach of a warranty only allows the injured party to sue for damages, in insurance law breach of a warranty gives the insurer the right to regard the contract as dischargedIf deck cargo is saved by a General average act, the owner of the deck cargo will have to pay a bonus to the owners on cargo deliveryThe shipowner will be liable for all losses to the goods ownerto export on CIF terms and import on FOB termsIt means that freight has to be paid before commencing loading operationsINCOTERMS 20071994The level of damages for detention is always equal with the level of demurragehe can sell the goods after arrival at discharging portthe owner is mainly concerned with charterers competence in fixing the ship profitablyVessel is from all points of view under charterers control for a long period of timea loss generated by a maritime perilTo indemnify is to either replace goods lost or to offer financial compensation at assured optionalways a tolerance of 5 % is considered acceptableBooking Noteto enable the seller to take control of the goods soon after the shipmentAccording to Paramount Rule allowance for sacrifice or expenditure is only accepted if it is reasonably made or incurredIncorporates the Hague or Hague-Visby RulesFOBBill of lading has to be in strict conformity with Letter of Credit requirements, any discrepancy can delay or refuse paymentThe Special Compensation P&I Clause, a suplementary clause to LOF 95 and 2000 contracts that provides for a alternative method of assessing Special Compensation instead of method in Article 14 of the International Salvage Convention, 1989In liner trades loading is usually arranged by shipowners and usual loading rate is "as fast as the vessel can receive"Such a letter of indemnity has no value in law and most jurisdictions treat is as null and void and contrary to public order
taking a route which is not the custom of the trade, for purely private reasonsneutraldamages to the ship or cargo due to efforts to extinguish a firejetison of cargo, when it is carried in accordance with a recognised custom of the tradeIt can ask for a mortgage on the cargo or on other proprty belonging to the buyerpilotagepurchase costsdrydocking and surveycrewingcanal toolscargo handling costs when the ship is employed on FIO basisStop the vessel and wait for charterers to decide if they cancel the charterparty or notEnter the shipper's figures on the Bill of Ladinghe should do whatever is required to protect charterers interestsMake daily atempts to have the notice the notice accepted"NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILL"liner carriersHull & Machinery Insuranceif a cargo owner can show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy, the carrier will still be able limit his liabilityhe should continue tendering "without prejudice notices" whenever the situation is changingmaster is not required to contact the owners as he is the one ultimately responsible for vessel and crewit is important to know if vessel has enough bunker up to next usual bunkering placeBefore delivery of cargo to receivers at destination portThey are not an acceptable practice and their use can be considered a fraudulent practice.quality of the cargothe carrier is not responsible for any cargo damagethe need to comply with requirements of safety management systemsUSD 120,000USD 120,000port expenses are covered by the ownerport expenses at one loading and one discharging ports are paid by the chartererwhen parties agree to incorporate them into an international sale contractImmediately after berthing and completion of arrival formalitiesWhen goods arrive at destination with minor damagesonly after the cargo has been loaded on board the shipin maximum 48 hours after noting intial sea protestwhenever he has some indications that receivers will lodge a claim against the vessel for possible cargo damagemedium speed, under good weather, during each voyage should be equal with the speed mentioned in the charterpartyAlways when cargo is carried on sea and country where setlement is made has ratified York Antwerp Rulesbefore a responsible maritime authority at registration port or before the consul of the flag statecan be considered General Average, since the master is avoiding a real and substantial perilNo, shipmaster is under no statutory obligation to save the ship or the crewoperating coststhe master is entitled to deliver the cargo as required by the charterermake the ship seaworthyassume that time chartererers are legally the carrier and wait for their instructionsdamage done by CO2FCA and DESCollision Averagesalvor's lien on ship and/or her cargo for his rewardservice consists in repeated sailings at regular intervals between the same designaed portsservice consists in repeated sailings at regular intervals between the same designated ports
CFRDEQFOB4000 metric tons per dayloading and discharging clausesCharterparty termsBill of ladinglooses atributable to negligence of the Master, officers, Crew or Pilotsloss or damage caused by perils of the sea, rivers, lakes or other navigable watersloss or damage caused by negligence of Master, Officers, Crew and Pilotsshipped on deck at shippers' risks"CONLINEBILL"FIOFOBheavy wether damageLiability for Property DamageBaltimeexpert knowledge of arbitratorsto exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthyto provide a vessel which is seaworthy for the purpose of the contract (when the contract is made)Vessel to be an arrived shipa shipowner not disclosing that a vessel failed a special surveyinadequate bunkersBasically it is a "No Cure, No pay" contractfreight ad valoremfreight per weightper cargo weightreceipt for the goods, issued by the carrier;Insurable interestto provide a seaworthy ship suitable for the carrying the intended cargoto nominate loading and discharging ports in their geographic orderaccepted charter-parties5 total weather working daypayment of freight clause500 metric tons per hatch per day10 bundles missingFree in and outFreight payable within 3 banking days from signing/releasing bills of lading marked "freight payable as per charter party"Freight payable within 3 banking days after true and right delivery of the cargoNettoCFRFOBtally reportsStatement of factsAct of GodFreight prepaidFreight prepaidFreight paidCharterparty formGeographic area of operationCharterparty formdistance between loading and discharging ports
sudden change of weather after charter-party dateto arrive at loading port before cancelling dateliabilities in respect of stowaways and persons saved at seaTexacodemiseCoalvoyBaltimore Form CAustralAustraloreBptankvoyMedwoodProtection offered is mutual, each member being in the same time insurer and assuredBill of lading is conclusive evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for shipment in the quantity and condition stated therein if the bill of lading is in the hands of the shipperssome areas of the world are open for navigation all the yearP&I insurance premiumscrew expensesThe seller of the goodsthe sellerthe sellerthe sellershipownersinsurance brokersCanal Transit expenses are covered by the charterers and risks for delay are on owners accountcharterersOnly master or vessel's agent at loading port.shipownersthe party who proposed the agent to the shipownersstevedoring company is appointed and paid by the ownersthe masterchartererscargo ownersto make sure that somebody has not deleted some linesBecause of the special risks to which goods stowed on deck are exposedto give the owners the opportunity to recover the common law expenses made by the owners which are due and not paid before delivery of the cargoto deliver the cargo only against presentation of all originalsThis is important because quite often charterers want to see the vessel arriving before they go for weekendYork-Antwerp 2004 Rules are too new on the market and there are not enough cases to understand how they are interpretedbecause it is always good to wait and see what will be the claim and based on it to modify some documents in order to protect owners interestBecause sometimes cargo is damaged during voyage and charterers want to compensate damages with balance freightMaster will only maintain communication with disponent ownersaccept the service without thinking about money, as anyhow the reward for salvage will be established by the court
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Raspuns2owners are relieved from responsibility for inland transportationbill of lading which bears no superimposed clauses or notations which expresely declare the defective condition or contradicts the quantity, weight or number (as the case may be) of the cargo.bareboat chartererguarantee that the cargo will be delivered in the same condition as on loadingexpression "freight payable as per charterparty" is included in the bill of ladingthe notify partyafter the cargo has been stored in a terminal belonging to the stevedoring companyshipowner and chartererwhether sufficient bunker is on boardon nominationthe master is entitled to show that cargo is not cleancan be a valid notice of readiness if this is the custom of the portonce the ship is anchored in the road of nominated port and is ready in al respects to start loading or discharging operationsonce she is alongside at nominated berthShip's agent can take property of the coal and keep in a storage area hired for that purpose until the freight is paid or sell itlaytime will start on commencement of discharging operationonce the vessel is at the intended berthonce the vessel is at the intended berthLaytime started as per ch/p, after master properly tendered notice of readiness and it was not interrupted by any event up the completion of loading or discharging operationthe operation can only be carried out if the charterers of the vessel deviating from the usual navigation route approve deviationif onion was loaded before chocolate9500 metric tons9500 metric tons9500 metric tonsNo, this action can not be considered General Average as there is no immediate danger31,000 metric tons 5 pct molchop34,000 metric tons 5 percent more or less in charterers optionWhen it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will decreasea document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another in separate stages of which at least one is sea transitTrip Charterthe ship is seaworthy from technical point of viewonce the vessel is berthed at berth 35repairs of main engine are under wayship's cranes are out of order and they are required for loadingactual time used will never count as Saturdays, Sundays and holidays are excluded from laytime if work is carried out during this periodthe owners are not entitled to bunker the vessel if after bunkering vessel's cargo capacity is below 5250 mtsonce the vessel is berthed at loading or discharging berthmaster is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness at all ports of callCharterer has to pay agreed lumpsum freightthe master should load only clean cargo in order to avoid breaching charter-party terms and conditions12,000 USD10,000 USD4 days 21 hours 36 minutes6 days5 days 19 hours 12 minutescargo damage to hold number 1cargo damage to hold number oneNava va opera intr-un port si dana sigura nedepasind pe durata stationarii pescajul maxim permisNo - a greater degree of care.any vessel used in the carriage ofgoods or passengers by seafor attempting to save life or property at sea
666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the higherto an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight payable under the respective voyageif it is clearly mentioned on the bill of lading that cargo is carried on deck835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the higherin handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country cargo is delivered to.consecutive days commencing at 0000 hours on the day on which a notice is given and ending at 2400 hours on the last of the number of days stipulated.despatch money shall be payable from the time of pilot boarding for departure at load or discharge ports to the expiry of laytime including periods excepted from laytimean agreed amount payable to the owner in respect of berthing delay for which the owner is not responsiblean option given to the charterer to use discharging terms and conditions at loading port and loading terms and conditions at discharging port in order to reduce demurragea working day or part of' a working day during which it is or, if the vessel is still waiting for her turn, it would he possible to load/discharge the cargo without interference due to the weather. If such interference occurs (or would have occurred if work had been in progress), there shall be excluded from the laytime a period calculated by reference to the ratio which the duration of the interference bears to the time which would have or could have been worked but for the interference.a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vesselwithin 48 running hours after the receipt of the owners noticethe owners should have the option of cancelling the charter-partyhas the liberty to call at any port or ports in any order, for any purpose, to sail without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all situations, and also to deviate for the purpose of saving life and/or property.at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given during stevdoring company office hours , and at 06.00 hours next working day if notice given outside office hoursthe shippers or receivers, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the ownersintaken quantitythe seventh day after the new readiness stated in the owners notificationgoods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the charterparty the owners have the liberty to carry on deck at their optionfreight, deadfreight, demurrage and damages for detentionthe specific place within a port where the vessel is to load or dischargean area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall also include the usual places where vessels wait for their turn or are ordered or obliged to wait for their turn situated a reasonable distance from that areaunless claim is made within one year after delivery of the goodsresulted from negligence or omission of the carrier or his servants done without intent to cause such loss, damage or delayfit to perform the voyage under good weather conditionsForma a incasoului documentar prin care clientul transmite bancii sale documente care atesta indeplinirea obligatiilor care I-au revenit in baza unui contract comercial, documente pentru care banca primitoare le remite spre incasare unor banci corespondente dupa ce aceasta solicita contravaloarea lorthey become null and voidany visibly expressed form of reproducing words; the medium of transmission shall include electronic communications such as radio communications, telecommunications and VHFin golThe shipowners have no right to put lien on cargoes carried by the vessel, as voyage charterer most probably paid all freight to time charterOwners are under an obligation to have only H&M insuranceatat de avariate incat s-au pierdut calitatea de bunuri comerciale80% by H & M insurers and 20% by P&I insurersthe exporter or freight forwarderthe general average elementaccording with charterparty stipulationsviteza medie a navei pe durata voiajului poate sa fie mai redusa cu 0,5 Noduri decit viteza inscrisa in contractse are invedere si ambalajul marfii20 de zile dupa emitereNu, fara acordul primitorului marfiiDaNuDa, cu acordul carausuluiOrder Bills of Ladingthe master is entitled to proceed like this, as he is the one responsible for the safety of the ship/crew and cargoSe pot schimba unele cu altele raportul de echivalenta stabilindu-se prin cantarire, numarare, masurareowners interests are satisfied as if the vessel delays more than the charterparty provides for, they are allowed to a daily compensationthe charterparty may require owners to investigate complains by charterers regarding the master, and replace him if requiredNo, since there is no cargo on board there is not a common adventureDepends on the circumstances an accident occursCand pierderea, avarierea sau interzierea in livrare a rezultat din culpa comandantului;Cand nu a fost platita chiria la termenii prevazuti in contract si la notificarile armatorului in legatura cu acest fapt navlositorul a continuat sa nu-si onoreze principala obligatie
Creditul documentar prin acreditiv este in avantajul vanzatoruluiSa informeze armatorul care prompt va investiga cele reclamate si in caz ca le gaseste intemeiate va proceda in consecintaCand continutul unei astfel de scrisori a fost garantat de catre o banca reputabilaSe vor aplica numai daca partile au prevazut expres acest lucru in contractul de navlosire sau in conosamentCand o nava a sosit in port, a acostat si ia fost acceptat notice-ulDreptul de retentie se poate exercita dupa ce armatorul a trimis navlositorului preavizarile necesareAmararea, asigurarea si /sau fardarea este ceruta de armator, costul fiind suportat tot de elInainte de inceperea incarcariiInserare in contract a unor clauze standard care se utilizeaza in contracte indiferent de tara unde se desfasoara contractulAmendamentele se fac doar de catre specialistiIntroducerea paletizarii si containerizarii?Dezvoltarea infrastructurilor portuare?Transportul maritim costier nu se afla in competitie cu transportul feroviar si transportul rutierModul de transport al marfiiCheltuieli cu combustibilulCheltuieli cu combustibilulclauza referitoare la buna stare de navigabilitateFOB; CIF45.000-90.000 twd400 metric tons per working hatch per weather working daylaydays as per custom of portobligatia de a depune diligenta cuvenita pentru a pune la dispozitia navlositorului o nava in buna stare de navigabilitateresponsabilitati fata de marfain unele zone ale globului navigatia este interzisa tot timpul anuluiSa aiba in vedere ca actioneaza doar in numele armatorului si sa incerce sa-l apere cit de mult poate8 running daysnivelul tarifelor de transport fluctueaza frecvent in functie evolutia pietei navlurilorNavlul calculat in functie de durata voiajuluiNavlul calculat pe unitatea de volumNavlul se stabileste conform pietei de valori mobiliareNavlul conform ratei indicate de BIMCOPrin referinta Word Bulk ScaleNu se aplica transporturilor combinate;Transporturilor de marfuri periculoase;Regulile nu se aplica "cabotajului international";Documente pentru determinarea cauzelor avariei, pentru determinarea avariilor, pentru determinarea cheltuielilor, pentru determinarea contributieiin conditia de livrare FOB riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile strec peste copastia navei in portul de incarcare pe cand in cazul conditiei CIF riscurile trec la momentul in care marfa trece peste copastia navei in portul de descarcareConosamentul insoteste marfurile numai in transportul pe mare pe cand "MULTIDOC-ul" insoteste marfa si pe transportul rutier si/sau feroviarSEA-WAYBILLIn stalii nu se include zilele de duminica si zilele de sarbatori legaleDaca operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare se desfasoara in perioadele excluse de timp acestea nu se vor conta ca staliiIn stalii se includ zilele de duminica si sarbatori legaleTimpul efectiv lucrat, dupa inceperea staliilor, in perioade exceptate nu va conta ca timp de staliiConform acestei clauze cumparatorul poate refuza marfa daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contractConform acestei clauze cumparatorul poate refuza marfa daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contractConform acestei clauze cumparatorul poate refuza marfa daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contractin orice imprejurare inseamna ca se se considera acceptabila o toleranta pozitiva sau negativa de 10%conform acestei expresii timpul de stalii va incepe sa curga numai dupa o inspectie a navlositorului care va declara nava apta chiar daca nava se afla la dana sau nuConform acestei expresii nava poate inainta NOR indiferent daca a obtinut sau nu libera practicaConform acestei expresii nava este considerata apta pentru incarcare numai dupa ce a obtinut libera practicaConform acestei expresii nava poate transmite NOR imediat dupa sosire la orice loc uzual de asteptare din port sau din afara portuluiAngajarea FI/LO
FIOSTChiria se plateste la fiecare sfarsit de luna pentru luna in cursStaliile pentru incarcare si descarcare vor incepe la ora 14.00 daca NOR este dat inainte de prinz si la ora 08.00 in urmatoarea zi lucratoare daca NOR este dat in timpul orelor de birou de dupa amiaza.Navele opereaza conform capacitatii de operare a portului unde incarca sau descarcaMERSEYCONAcest tip de conosament nu se mai foloseste fiind retras din "FORMS OF APPROVED DOCUMENTS"Regulile de la Haga nu se aplica contractelor pe baza de Charter Party;Nava este subordonata navlositorului numai in ceea ce priveste asigurarea unei bune stari de navigabilitate pe toata perioada de inchiriereArmatorul are dreptul sa astepte 10 zile consecutiv fata de termenii prevazuti in contract dupa care se aplica procedura legala de reziliere a contractuluiDupa preavizarile necesare, armatorul va duce pe cheltuiala lui marfa la destinatie, va intocmi un "statement" cu documente justificative pentru toate cheltuielile facute in locul navlositorului si va recurge la arbitrajEle se considera ca si cand nu ar fi existat si nu se iau in considerare in nici o imprejurareIntre elementele cuprinse in conosament si prevederile acreditivului nu trebuie sa fie nici o legatura, cel din urma reflectand modalitati de plata ale contractului de vanzare internationalaD/A-ul in porturile de incarcare sau descarcare este suportat de navlositorUn port de incarcare un port de descarcare D/A-ul va fi suportat de armatorClauza se regaseste in contractele comerciale de vinzare internationala, stabilind ca in pretul marfii se include navlul si asigurarea.Cheltuielile legate de incarcarea si descarcarea marfurilor sint in sarcina navlositorului.Inserarea acestor clauze pune in sarcina armatorului toate cheltuielile de incarcare, stivuire si amarare a marfurilor.Staliile vor incepe sa curga indiferent daca nava este in dana sau nu.Se vor face calcule separate pentru incarcare si descarcare si perioada de timp folosita peste timpul alocat in cazul uneia dintre operatiuni poate fi compensata cu orice perioada de timp salvata in cazul celeilalte operatiuniSe vor face calcule separate pentru timpul alocat incarcarii si descarcariiImport FOB, export CIFRegulile de la Haga si Haga-VisbyFIO, FIOS, FIOT, FILO, LIFO, LILOasigurarea raspunderilor armatorului cu privire la corpul navei si la marfurile transportate.Punerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate legala si contractuala.Carausul va depune toate diligentele rezonabile pentru punerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate si armarea, echiparea si aprovizionarea navei in mod convenabil.INCOTERMS, RAFTD si Regulile de la Hamburg.Accidentul este consecinta unui pericol maritim, a fortei majore sau a viciului propriu al navei, vicii ale incarcaturii, daunele si cheltuielile se refera numai la nava sau numai la incarcaturaCele mai uzuale clauze cu privire la plata navlului inserate in conosament sunt: "FREIGHT PREPAID", "FREIGHT PAYABLE AS PER CH/P" Sa fie originar, vizibilClauza "se spune de catre incarcator ca ar contine…"Clauzele referitoare la responsabilitatile armatoruluiClauza referitoare la modalitatea de semnare a conosamentuluiClauzele: DHDATSBE si DHDWTSBENava sa fie in dana, NOR inaintat, nava in libera practicaFIOT, FOT, FASC&F, CIF, CPTDES, DDU,DAF, DNPNava sa fie acostata si NOR-ul acceptatBIMCO, IMO si SOLASConosamentulDistanta dintre porturiTipul de conosament utilizatFunctie paralela cu contractul de transport, poate fi utilizat ca singur document de transport, titlu probatoriu, titlu de credit reprezentativPropaganda comercialaFI/LO si LO/FIFreight payable after signing B/L, freight payable after releasing B/LStabilirea calificarii si competentei echipajului, determinarea starii tehnice a navei deoarece nava va trebui relivrata in aceeasi stare in care a fost livrataContainerele vor purta o placuta care sa ateste ca sigiliile sunt in concordanta cu prevederile CONVENTIEIArmatorul preda navlositorului in intregime gestiunea economica a naveiRaspunderi izvorate din incalcarea cu sau fara buna stiinta a unor clauze contractuale a ofiterilor navei sau a ComandantuluiInteresul asigurabil, maxima buna credinta, despagubirea, subrogarea, prudenta neasiguratului
Comandantul va satisface cu intreaga lui competenta ordinele armatorului si navlositoruluiRegulile stabilite de BIMCOInformatiile furnizate de incarcator, raportul de inspectie a marfii, certificatul de origine/calitate, rapoartele de determinare a cantitatii de marfa, ordinul de embargoBaltimeBaltime, Nype-93, Linertime, Gastime, Supplytime, Intertanktime, CoasthireGencon, Scancon, Britcon, NuvoyGencon, Scancon, Britcon, NuvoyBlackseawood, Nubaltwood, NanyozalGencon, Multiform, NuvoyC(ore) 7, Scanore, Britore, NuvoyGencon, Scancon, Britcon, NuvoyUnitate de greutate, unitate de volum, colet, navlu global, unitate de timpa document drawn up by ship's agent at load port, containing detailed description of the cargo loaded, used for custom and administrative purposes at load and discharging portsUn container poate circula 24 de luni fara inspectii ale unui registruAvarii comune si avarii particulareTratatele internationale, uzurile si uzantele uniforme internationale, sistemul de drept ales de parti si, in principal, clauzele inscrise in contractAplicarea lor tuturor contractelor de vanzare internationala si respectarea intocmai a prevederilor lorMarfuri legale cu exceptia celor prevazute explicit in contractClauza referitoare la avaria comunaClauze referitoare la costul operatiunilor de amarare/stivuire si/sau fardareFIOS si LINER TERMS.Numai conosamente elaborate de companiile ce deservesc liniile de navigatieOrice conosament publicat in "FORMS OF APPROVED DOCUMENTS"Lista va cuprinde descrierea detaliata a marfurilor din containerMasa pasiva (debitoare) include toate bunurile salvate (nava, navlul si incarcatura) deci toate elementele care au profitat de sacrificiul sau cheltuielile facute in mod voluntar pentru salvarea comunaNu exista nici un fel de diferenta intre cele 2 expresiiIstoricul operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare, NOR si contractul de navlosireSupune conosamentul regulilor de la Hamburg.Documentul, intocmit de agentul navei, care descrie marfurile incarcate intr-un port si care serveste la vama in porturile de incarcare si descarcare Suma platibila navlositorului de catre incarcator pentru transportul si sosirea marfurilor la destinatie fara a-si pierde valoarea comerciala si gata de a fi livrate posesorului conosamentuluiDocumentul care descrie in detaliu toate evenimentele legate de descarcarea marfurilor in portul de destinatieSuma de bani conform pietii navlurilor la un moment dat pentru anumite categorii de marfuri.Istoricul evenimentelor care duc la intreruperea curgerii staliilor
Unitate de masura si greutate egala cu 45 p.c. (1,15 m.c.)/2,245 libre folosita in calcularea navlurilor.Un prejudiciu material sau o cheltuiala extraordinara produsa in timpul unui contract de transport de marfuri pe mare, avind drept cauza forta majora.Preluarea fara drept a controlului unei nave pentru a fi folosita in benficiu propriu.Raportul dintre masa debitoare si masa creditoare reprezinta coeficientul de contributieEste contractul prin care un incarcator inchiriaza de la armator o parte din spatiul de transport exprimat in containere pe care il foloseste pentru a-si transporta marfurile proprii sau il subinchiriazaO foaie tipizata pe care se inscrie numarul de echipe care lucreaza si utilajele lorSuma de bani pe care navlositorul o plateste armatorului pentru marfurile transportate.O clauza cu acelasi continut cuprinsa atat in Ch/P cat si Bs/LO placuta fixata provizoriu pentru a putea fi utilizata in scopuri normale la nevoieDocumentul care evidentiaza curgerea staliilor,eventualele contrastalii sau despatchUn conosament cu stersaturi si modificari in continut.Un conosament care acopera transportul marfurilor pe intreaga perioada de tranzit, incluzind transportul terestru si aerian.Modificarile facute de parti la clauzele standard in urma negocierii a formularului standardDocumentul intocmit la bordul navei de catre camandant prin care se urmareste derularea conform clauzelor a operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcarePersoane fizice sau juridice care se ocupa de tranzactii maritime, incheind in numele lor contracte comerciale, contracte de navlosire sau de asigurare.Ch/P este un contract prin care vinzatorul marfurilor se obliga sa transporte pina la destinatie, conform clauzelor inserate,marfurile incredintate.Conosament imbatranit este acel conosament care nu a fost eliberat de catre caraus in termen de 3 zile de la semnare si care poate deveni inutilizabil pentru incarcatorPersoana numita de catre armator sau agentul armatorului avind ca sarcina sa determine cauzele avariei comune si sa stabileasca procentul de contributie la avaria comuna.O firma de transport care are legaturi cu firme specializate in transport rutier sau feroviar
Distanta dintre porturi, natura marfurilor, zona geografica, situatia geopolitica a porturilor de operare, modalitatea de angajare a navei (fios, linner), modalitati de plata a cheltuielilor portuare (D/A)Situatia meteorologica din zona de navigatieSituatia geopolitica in porturile de operareoriginalUn document care face dovada unui contract de transport pe mare si a preluarii sau incarcarii marfurilor de catre caraus, prin care carausul se obliga sa livreze marfurile contra prezentarii acestui documentClauza din conosament sau Ch/P conform careia navlul se plateste in portul de descarcare si, in general, numai daca marfurile au ajuns fara a-si pierde valoarea comerciala.Sarbatoare inseamna acea zi in care conform calendarului BIMCO, in portul respectiv lucrul nu se executa din motive de lege locala sau practica locala.Navlul platit in momentul incheierii contractului de navlosire."Port sigur" inseamna un loc amenajat, inscris in documentele nautice, utilizat de nave ca loc de operare, fara a exista posibilitatea avarierii navelor.o zi lucratoare de 24 de ore consecutive in care perioadele de timp cit vremea impiedica efectiv operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare nu se conteaza ca staliiCa NOR poate fi inaintat indiferent daca nava este in port/dana si indiferent daca a obtinut libera practica si permis vamal (CUSTOM CLEARANCE)conform acestei expresii navlositorul plateste pentru operatiunile de salvare doar daca nava este salvataSe intelege faptul ca perioadele efectiv lucrate in zile exceptate se vor conta ca stalii Protestul de mare in cazul unei avarii comune va fi intocmit conform procedurii standard cu mentiunea expresa ca se declara avarie comunaAcopera eventualele pagube pricinuite navei ca urmare a accidentelor si pericolului marii in timpul navigatiei si exploatarii naveiNumarul de zile de contrastalii sau despatchAcordul de vointa a doua persoane: armatorul si navlositorulMarfurile se pot incarca pe punte fara o intelegere prealabila intre incarcator si caraus, dar cu inserarea acestui fapt in conosament.Avaria comuna va fi solutionata prin arbitraj.Nava are libertatea sa faca escala in orice port sau porturi in orice ordine, pentru orice scop, sa navige fara pilot, sa remorcheze si/sau sa asiste nave in toate situatiile si de asemenea sa devieze in scopul salvarii de vieti si/sau bunuri.Armatorul are dreptul de retentie pe marfa pentru navlu, navlu mort, contrastalii si avarii la nava.Daca nava nu este gata sa incarce la data stabilita, navlositorul va avea optiunea de a asteapta 10 zile sosirea navei si dac acaeasta nu soseste sa rezilieze contractul.Armatorul are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor pentru navlu, navlu mort si contrastalii neplatiteMarfa sa fie adusa la nava si incarcata pe cheltuiala armatorului.Armatorul va fi raspunzator si va suporta cheltuielile pentru incarcarea coletelor mai mari de doua tone.Prevede aplicarea regulilor YORK-ANVERS in conformitate si cu prevederile legale nationale, acestea din urma avind prioritate fara de regulile York-Antwerp.Regulile York-AnversAsigurari ale marfurilor pentru transportContractul de vanzare/cumparare da nastere la prestatii reciproce intre partiProtestul Comandantului impotriva viciilor ascunse ale marfurilor ce le are spre transportChiria va fi diminuata cu contravaloarea timpului pierdut si/sau a consumului de combustibil suplimentar Titlu de credit autonom prin care o persoana numita tragator da ordin unei alte persoane numita tras sa plateasca neconditionat, la o anumita data numita scadenta, o anumita suma de bani unui beneficiar indicatNava sa aiba la bord in stare de valabilitate toate actele de registru si conventii in plus sa aiba echipaj complet si competent conform STCW, combustibil adecvat si suficient, harti si documente nautice la zi, hrana si apa pentru echipajConosament ce se elibereaza in favoarea unei persoane nominata expres in acest document, ca fiind singura indreptatita sa solicite armatorului sa-I predea marfurile inscrise, in cantitatea indicataConosament ce se elibereaza in favoarea unei persoane nominata expres in acest document, ca fiind singura indreptatita sa solicite armatorului sa-I predea marfurile inscrise, in cantitatea indicataConosament ce se elibereaza in favoarea unei persoane nominata expres in acest document, ca fiind singura indreptatita sa solicite armatorului sa-i predea marfurile inscrise, in cantitatea si conditia indicataTimpul economisit de catre armator in operarea navei si suma de bani platita de catre navlositor armatorului ca prima pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare intr-o perioada de timp mai redusa decat cea alocata prin contractRaportul de expertiza intocmit de o persoana autorizata (dispasor) prin care se stabileste masele active si pasive si sumele pe care le vor plati participantii la expeditia maritima asiguratorilorUn eveniment inevitabil produs fara intentia umana, gen tempesta, inundatie sau deces, care opereaza in cazul anumitor contracte cum sint cele de asigurare sau de transport.Forma de stabilire a navlului prin care navlositorul plateste armatorului o suma fixa de bani Notificare prin care Comandantul navei ii instiinteaza pe armatori, in calitatea lor de agenti prezumati ai navlositorului, ca nava este sosita si este gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru a incarca sau descarca marfa in conformitate cu conditiile contractului de navlosireZile care urmeaza una dupa alta cu exceptia duminicilor si sarbatorilor legale.Sunt stalii determinate de catre armator si navlositor in functie de natura marfii operateSe intelege faptul ca perioadele de timp cit vremea impiedica operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare sau le-ar fi impiediat daca acestea s-ar fi desfasurat nu se vor conta ca staliiForma a creditului documentar care se concretizeaza intr-un document prin care banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca, fara rezerve, o suma determinata, in situatia in care beneficiarul intocmai continutul sauJudecarea de catre un tribunal international a unei dispute intre partile participante la un contract.O persoana fizica sau juridica, care are in proprietate nave pe care le utilizeaza in scopul transportului de marfuri/pasageri pe mareAvaria este consecinta cazului fortuit, a fortei majore sau a viciului propriu al navei, vicii ale incarcaturii, daunele si cheltuielile se refera numai la nava sau numai la incarcaturaAvaria produsa navei sau marfurilor ca urmare a unui accident maritimEchiparea unei nave cu tot ce este necesar pentru efectuare unei expeditii pe mare in bune conditii pe orice vreme. In plus fata de echiparea corespunzatoare a navei, armatorul trebuie sa aiba un echipaj complet si competent, combustibil suficient, provizii suficiente si complete pentru voiaj. Echipamentul navei trebuie sa fie in buna stare, iar daca se transporta marfuri, nava trebuie sa fie corespunzator pregatita pentru transportul marfurilor respectiveSa aiba dotarile necesare pentru a duce o marfa la destinatie in buna stareToate marfurile destinate exportului
Toate marfurile destinate exportuluiAtunci cand o nava este departe de locul de livrare in momentul incheierii contractului, navlositorul plateste jumatate din cheltuielile de aducere a navei la locul de livrare Costul ambalajului este cuprins in pretul marfiiZiua in care este data o notificare si ziua in care expira notificarea se includ in perioada notificataSumele pe care navlositorul este obligat sa le plateasca carausului pentru timpul de incarcare/descarcare consumat peste perioada de staliiCreditul documentar este un aranjament prin care o banca denumita emitenta se obliga in numele unui client denumit ordonator sa plateasca navlul prevazut in instructiunile de deschidere a acreditivuluiPerioada de timp folosita pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare dupa expirarea staliilorInseamna suma convenita si platita de catre armator daca nava a terminat incarcarea/descarcarea inaintea expirarii staliilorPrin aceasta expresie se inteleg ; lucruri, obiecte, marfuri de orice natura cu exceptia animalelor vii si a incarcaturii de pe punte.Navlositorul trebuie sa incarce cit mai repede posibil in circumstantele predominante in timpul incarcarii si descarcarii.Inseamna o dana la care, pe timpul respectivei perioade, nava poate ramine sau pleca din ea fara a fi expusa vre-unui pericol chiar in imprejurari deosebite.Prin marfuri se inteleg orice categorii de bunuri si obiecte de orice natura ar fi inclusiv animale vii si marfuri incarcate pe punte.Forma a creditului documentar care se concretizeaza intr-un document prin care banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca, fara rezerve, o suma determinata, in situatia in care beneficiarul intocmai continutul sauMasa activa cuprinde toate valorile pierderilor sau daunelor verificate la care participantii ar putea avea dreptul de recuperare.Masa activa cuprinde toate bunurile si cheltuielile facute pentru a repune nava in buna stare de navigabilitate dupa o avarie comuna
Navlosire inseamna un contract dovedit prin existenta unui conosament.Forma a creditului documentar care se concretizeaza intr-un document prin care banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca, fara rezerve, o suma determinata, in situatia in care beneficiarul intocmai continutul sauTitlu de credit autonom prin care o persoana numita tragator da ordin unei alte persoane numita tras sa plateasca neconditionat, la o anumita data numita scadenta, o anumita suma de bani unui beneficiar indicatTimpul agreat de parti in care se va tine nava la dispozitie pentru incarcare/descarcareStalii calculate conform normei de incarcare/descarcareUn notice batut la masina sau transmis prin telex care trebuie transmis apoi in original agentului navei din portul de incarcare sau descarcare pentru a fi sau nu acceptat de catre compania de stivatori.Avarii sunt toate cheltuielile obisnuite facute pentru nava si care pot fi inserate in continutul contractului de navlosireDespatchul se va plati integral atat pentru incarcare cat si pentru descarcareDespatchul va fi jumatate din contrastalii pentru timpul de lucru salvat la ambele capeteTitlu de credit autonom prin care o persoana numita tragator da ordin unei alte persoane numita tras sa plateasca neconditionat, la o anumita data numita scadenta, o anumita suma de bani unui beneficiar indicatVanzatorul se obliga sa puna la dispozitie marfa conform intelegeriiArmatorul se obliga sa puna la dispozitie nava pentru a transporta marfurileCa peste container nu se poate incarca o greutate mai mare decat cea inscrisa la aceasta rubrica astfel ca in timpul mersului datorita solicitarilor dinamice containerul sa nu se deformezeDreptul de retinere in posesia sa a bunurilor, pina la plata navlului scadent.Timpul de stalii este dat de raportul dintre cantitatea de marfa si norma de incarcare/descarcare pe hambarul cu cea mai mare cantitate de marfaDaca se lucreaza pe timpul zilelor exceptate, orele efectiv lucrate nu conteaza ca staliiTimpul cat vremea impiedica lucrul va conta in calculul staliilor numai pentru zilele lucratoareD/A-ul la incarcare/descarcare va fi suportat de armator si navlositorArmatorul este raspunzator pentru daune sau avarii indiferent de natura lor cauzate in timpul transportului de fapte personale cat si de faptele prepusilor sai si este raspunzator pentru fapte personale sau ale prepusilor sai si pentru daune cauzate de intarzieri in livrarea marfurilor la destinatieArmatorul are dreptul sa substituie nava cu o nava de aceeasi clasa si de marime similara, tip si pozitieCheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare sunt suportate de proproetarul marfiiCheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul navlositoruluiCheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare, stivuire si rujare a marfurilor sunt in contul armatoruluiDe protejare a armatorului contra consecintelor ce ar rezulta, dupa inceperea voiajuluiTransportului si documentelor respective li se vor aplica Regulile de la Haga 1924Un loc specific din interiorul unui port unde navele incarca sau descarca.Port inseamna un bazin acvatic adapostit unde navele pot opera la o dana sau la ancora.Perioada de 24 oreOrice persoana care,sau in numele careia a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri cu un incarcatorConform acestei clauze, marfa se va incarca la bordul navei fara nici o cheltuiala din partea armatorului.Clauzele nescrise in contract, dar care se refera la buna credinta a partilor pentru realizarea scopului comercial al voiajuluiDeterminarea cantitatii prin intermediul unei companii de inspectie recunoscuta pe plan internationalClauza sa prevada explicit ca o nava este in "time-charter" dupa efectuarea expertizei "ON HIRE" si iese din time charter dupa expertiza "OFF HIRE"Sa contina detalii referitoare la eforturile depuse de armator pentru punerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitateAfirmatia ca nava este in buna stare de navigabilitate, descrierea evenimentului cat mai explicit si rezervarea dreptului de extindere al protestuluiLa extinderea protestului se vor mentiona imprejurarile care au determinat actul de avarie comunaComandantul sa intocmeasca si sa depuna la autoritati o scrisoare de protestProprietarul navei urmareste prin intermediul comandantului eficienta exploatarii navei
O scrisoare de garantie sau alt gen de garantii date de incarcator exonereaza pe armator de orice eventuala reclamatie a primitorilor daca armatorul poate dovedi ca marfa nu s-a avariat pe parcursul voiajului.Contractul ofera varianta de plata a navlului anticipat si varianta de plata la livrareDaca nu a fost intentata o actiune de protest in termen de 6 luni de la predarea marfurilor.Regulile nu se aplica contactelor de navlosire Ch/P.Cind se executa un transport de marfuri pe mare in baza unui contract ferm indiferent de felul acestui contract.Cind existenta contractului este probata de un conosament.Conosamentul se elibereaza dupa incarcarea marfurilor pe nava.Timonierul de serviciuCharter party Stivatorii sunt nominalizati de autoritatile portuare conform uzantelor localeArmatorul si navlositorul in proportii egaleNu se face nici o precizare in acest sens "DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor dar numai pentru incarcareFara despatch la incarcareObligatiile navlositorului inceteaza dupa incarcarea marfurilor.Cheltuielile legate de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul navlositoruluiorice avarie comuna va fi solutionata conform Regulilor de la Haga.Nu"DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor pentru timpul de lucru salvat atat la incarcare cat si la descarcarerenegocierea contractului in situatia in care conditiile de pe piata se schimba substantialcontractele de navlosire pe timpVa fi in contact si cu proprietarul navei ori de cate ori acesta solicita acest lucrustructura capabila de a aduna toate companiile ce efectueaza transporturi intre anumite porturi si a constitui astfel o structura monolopistaNuArmatorul este in drept sa nu predea marfa sau o parte din marfa in portul de descarcare, pana nu primeste navlul convenit.Vor conta ca stalii zilele de 24 ore consecutive timpul socotindu-se de la ora 00.00 la ora 24.00 a fiecarei zile indiferent de vremeIn timpul de stalii sunt incluse numai zilele lucratoare ale saptamanii care depind de uzul portuluiSe va exclude din timpul de stalii orice perioada de timp in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile impiedica efectiv desfasurarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare, vremea nefavorabila trebuie sa fie singurul motiv pentru care operatiunile respective nu se desfasoaraStaliile alocate sunt x zile consecutive incepand de la ora 00.00 din ziua imediat urmatoare in care s-a transmis NOR pana la ora 24 in ziua in care au expirat cele x zile alocateIn timpul de stalii sunt incluse toate zilele saptamanii fara a se tine seama de faptul ca o zi este sau nu zi lucratoare36 de orelegea locului carausului marfurilorse poate efectua asigurarea unui obiect chiar daca la momentul asigurarii se cunoaste ca obiectul respectiv s-a pierdutFASavaria comuna va fi reglementata in orice imprejurare in conformitate cu regulile numericeDacel mai tarziu la expirarea a 24 de ore de la predarea marfurilor de catre caraus.Nu se prevede expresNu se prevede expresNuNuNu se prevede expresNu se prevede expresNuDamarfurile sunt in grija sa pe timpul transportului si la portul de descarcare.este prevazut expres in cargo-plan si semnat de capitanul secund.persoana careia I s-a incredintat de catre caraus, efectuarea partiala sau in intregime a unui transport de marfuri. raspunderea contractuala Da daca comandantul le semneaza clean.Conosamentul emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane, pentru comandantul navei care transporta marfurile Da cu acordul navlositorului
marfurile sunt transportate succesiv cu mai multe nave sau in situatia unui transport combinat.face dovada incarcarii marfurilor la bord.constituie o conventie intre navlositor si proprietarul marfurilor.Are valoarea juridica a unui conosamentin favoarea unei persoane stabilita de navlositorConosamentul eliberat de caraus prin care armatorul se obliga a incarca pe o anumita nava sau pe una din navele sale, marfurile luate in custodie, pe raspunderea sa de la incarcator, spre a le transporta intr-un anumit port BIMCOClauze cu privire la zilele de sarbatoareArmatorului si navlositoruluieste contractul prin care navlositorul se angajeaza sa plateasca armatorului o chirie zilnica pentru utilizarea navei asa cum doresteImediat ce au expirat staliileDaca nava a fost scoasa in rada de catre autoritatile portuare pentru a astepta diferenta de marfa ce urmeaza a se incarcaFara a se tine seama de zilele de sarbatoare sau de cele in care vremea este nefavorabilao companie care acorda support logistic sindicatelor Lloyds, ce activeaza pe piata asigurarilorContainerelor destinate transportului naval, feroviar sau auto si transportului combinat intre acestaComandantul se subordoneaza armatorului cu exceptia cazurilor litigioase in legatura cu aspectul comercial al voiajului cand se subordoneaza navlositoruluiUn act de avarie comuna exista cind, si numai atunci cind se fac sau se suporta in mod intentionat si rational sacrificii sau cheltuieli extraordinare pentru siguranta comuna, in sensul de a pune la adapost de pericol bunurile implicate intr-o expeditie maritima comunaValoarea navlului nu este influentata de modalitatea de angajare a naveiPrin informarea armatoruluiPoate exploata nava cu orice tip de contract dorestePoate fi scrisa de mina sau prin stampilareIn astfel de cazuri bancile au obligatia sa refuze primirea unui astfel de conosament si sa ceara instructiuni ordonatorului de creditTimpul de stalii se calculeaza prin impartirea cantitatii de marfa continuta de magazia cea mai mare la norma zilnica de incarcare stabilita prin contract.In transportul de linie nu se calculeaza stalii, contrastalii sau despatchNotificarea adresata navlositorului, incarcatorului, primitorului sau altei persoane dupa cum prevede contractul, ca nava a sosit in port sau la dana dupa cum este cazul si este gata sa incarce/descarce.Este contractul prin care armatorul unei nave stipuleaza cu un tert sa fie despagubit pentru orice daune sau avarii la nava, marfa sau echipaj, contra unei prime de asigurare.Caracterul consensual inseamna acordul partilor pentru realizarea scopului comercial pentru care s-a incheiat contractulMarfurile se transfera cumparatorului ramanand in proprietatea vanzatorului pana la acceptarea lor de catre cumparatorInseamna zile sau parte(ti) din zi, care nu sint in mod expres excluse din stalii de catre contractul de navlosire si care nu sint sarbatori.Conosamentul este o dovada la prima vedere ca marfurrile au fost preluate sau incarcate la bord in cantitatea si starea si conditia aparenta mentionata in conosamentCind este nominativ poate circula prin girare (andosare).Un conosament care sa nu contina clauze prin care sa se mentionere ca marfurile au fost incarcate fara a fi in stare si conditie aparent buna sau fara a fi in cantitatea mentionata.Reprezinta totalitatea activitatilor economice care au ca scop realizarea de operatiuni comerciale internationale privind circulatia marfurilor de la vinzator la cumparator in concordanta cu contractul incheiat.Inseamna zile de sarbatoare excluse de la curgerea staliilorIn plus fata de avaria particulara se declara de catre comandant in cuprinsul protestului avaria comunaConventia pentru Transportul Marfurior in SigurantaContract de navlosireChiria se plateste anticipat la termeni prevazuti prin contractDaca NOR s-a transmis in zilele lucratoare in timpul orelor oficiale de birou pana la ora 12.00, staliile incep sa conteze in aceeasi zi de la ora 13.00, iar daca NOR s-a transmis, in zilele lucratoare in orele oficiale de birou, dupa ora 12.00 staliile incep sa conteze din ziua urmatoare neexeptata, de la ora 06.00Staliile vor incepe sa conteze la 12 ore dupa ce nava este gata, din toate punctele de vedere, de incarcare sau descarcare si NOR a fost transmisSa suspende angajarea "time charter" pe durata prelungirii actelorDupa, cele 5 zile prevazute in conosament armatorul poate sa-si exercite dreptul de retentiemarfurile au fost incarcate Zilele de sarbatoare nu se vor conta ca stalii chiar daca se lucreaza in aceasta perioadaArmatorul va da in judecata navlositorulNavlositorul trebuie sa incarce acea marfa mentionata in contract, aflata in starea si conditia mentionata in contract sau in conformitate cu uzul portului respectiv6450$ USD48 de ore de la primirea notificariiarmatorul are obligatia de a transporta marfa pina in cel mai apropiat port de Bucurestiaceasta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care debarca pilotul la iesirea din portul Constantaacesta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care debarca ultimul pilot maritim folosit pina la iesirea in marea liberaacesta inseamna ca nava se considera livrata la trecerea travers de Constanta
conosament la ordinNava va incarca numai marfurile sosite cand le va veni randul conform cargoplanului exonerand pe navlositor de orice plataNoua data de reziliere a contractului este stabilita la 7 zile de la noua data estimata de sosire a navei avizata de armatoriPerioadele de timp petrecute in port, cu suficienta marfa la cheu, in care nu se lucreaza pentru ca ploua se conteaza ca staliiPerioadele de timp petrecute in port, cu suficienta marfa la cheu, in care nu se lucreaza pentru ca ploua se conteaza ca staliiArmatorul trebuie sa aprovizioneze nava cu apa potabila si combustibil astfel incat in momentul finalizarii operatiunilor de incarcare nava sa poata incarca cel putin 5200 de toneSe efectueaza calcule separate pentru porturile de incarcare si descarcare si se compenseaza timpul salvat intr-un port cu cel folosit in alt port21,6$ USDafter the number of allowed demurrage days has passed and further delays occursAcopera numai o perioada de timpPentru a plati un bonus pentru bune servicii comandantului si sefului mecanicDe catre orice persoana care a primit imputernicirea armatorului.De regulile YORK-ANVERS si HAGACargo, Casco si P and I.A copy of the original Bill of ladingwithout alowing for laytime exceptions like weather, hlidays etcvessel is shifted at anchorage by port authorities to wait for cargoper working day or pro rataonce laytime has expiredwhenever demurrage are agreedOri de cate ori prin contractul de navlosire se stabilesc contrastaliiDintr-o regula de interpretare, 7 reguli numerotate cu litere si 22 de reguli nummerotate cu cifre romane.Clauze privind determinarea calitatii si cantitatii marfurilor livrateNu are aceasta competenta legalaNu poate garanta imprumuturi cu nava deoarece nu este proprietarul eiYes, they have an insurable interest if they are shareholders of the company owning the shipsMultimodal transport Bill of LadingYes, he only has a contractual lien on cargo in his possesion for its contribution to a General Averagean oligopolistic marketSe are in vedere ca mentiunile sa nu afecteze navlositorul naveiConosamente nominative, la ordin si la purtatorNuIn emptyelementul de pierdere totala prin interpretareAmbalaj executat cu masini speciale protejate cu folie de polietilena pentru a preveni patrunderea apei de mareCa navlul se va plati in intregime dupa semnarea conosamentelorNavlul se va plati in proportie de 95% dupa un anumit numar de zile bancare dupa semnarea si eliberarea conosamentelorCa nava va opera cat de repede posibil in circumstantele localefor every kind of weatherit is required that charterers obtain an arbitration awardfor time charterers accountsending messages to various parties involvedfreigh market is expected to remain constantper deadweight all toldas a lumpsum amountat carrier's riskbills of lading relating to carriage of goods between ports in two different states if the bill of lading is issued in a contracting statefrom taking that cargo into owners custody at load port to final delivery at discharging portwhen carriage is covered by a charterpartyto carriage of goods by railCargo is discharged in a country where Hague Visby rules have been ratifiedthey are considered as not being there and they will never be taken into consideration
They are equitably shared by all parties to the common adventure, each contributing in proportion to its percentage of the total values involvedthey are entitled to a commission, called brokerage, from the gross freight or hire earned, which is normally paid by the charterersBy simply exercising his common low right for putting lien on cargo for deadfreight and/or demurrage due and not paidBy tendering Notice of Readiness on droping anchor and waiting to see if shippers or receivers will accept such noticeby employing repair teams on board during voyagesby entering their ships with H&M insurance companyThe true owner of the bill of lading can deliver it to another person without valuable consideration and in this way the ownership of the goods is transferredA working day is a day not expressly excluded from laytimeA holiday is a day other than the normal weekly day of rest, when either by local law or practice the work is not carried out and which is so recorded in the yearly BIMCO Holiday CallendarThere is no laytime in container tradeAbove expression shall mean a period of 24 working hours except for any time when weather allows the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have allowed it, had work been in progress.hire is paid in advance according with charater-party termsHire is usually paid in advance for 15 or 30 daysDay shall mean a continuous period of 24 hours which, unless the context otherwise requires, runs from comencement of laytime.Day shall mean a continuous period of 24 hours which, unless the context otherwise requires, runs from comencement of laytime.for several voyagesAs many as the shippers requirethere is no express provision for maximum number of demurage daysthirteenMaximum three original bills of lading can be issued, no matter what the shippers or charterers are requesting, in order to avoid fraudulent practices.if bill of lading is marked "freight paid"by prohibiting the time charterer from sending the vessel to countries where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian countries, Australia etc.)he should act with urgency in the interests of safety and pollution preventiondamade or loss is generated by fault or privity of the shipownersHead ownersit is in the hands of the shipper who is also the chartererit is clear that the owner has the option to choose the quanitity of cargo to be loaded based vessel's deadweight cargo capacity and on vessel' trim and stabilitywill be operated at one or more good safe berths which are always accessible and where she will lay always afloatthe crew is refusing to participate in the process of loading and discharginglaytime will start once Notice of readiness is acceptedshould load whatever cargo is available and sail in order not to delay ship's scheduleissue a letter protest and send it to shippers/receivers/P&I clubmaster has to prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive confirmation from the owners that freight has been receivedremarks with similar implications even if wording is differentno further notice of readiness is requiredmaster is under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person only after he proves that he is the legal representative of the receiverUSD 12 per metric tonUSD 21,6$ per metric tonchartererscharterers have to pay the freight without any deductionshe is entitle to refuse to the enter the port, unless there is a specific agreement to the contraryactual time used will count even if there is a provision that time used before commencement of laytime will countowners are entitled to damages for detention only after expiry of laytimeship owneronce the vessel drops anchor at Constanta port roadcharterersemployement of LIFO termsboth owners and charterers have fulfiled their obligation if a cargo corectly stowed either fills in vessels deadweight cargo capacity or volumetric capacitythe master can tender NOR anytime after arrival, if the vessel is in all respects ready to loadshould not agree to this unless there is a clause in the charterparty giving the charateres the right to order the vessel off the berth, in which case the order should come from charterers to the master via the ownersto carry on his activities with great care in order to avoid any risk for damages or loosesowners are responsible for the damage as the cargo was under their custody
owners are always responsible as cargo was under their custodydate of completion loading for each lotUSD 30,000USD 36,000USD 10,000USD 10,000scrap value of the vesselowners are entitled to a pro rata freightvessel will be delivered when she drops last river pilot and takes sea pilotvessel will be delivered when she drops pilot at Contanta on her way out of the portvessel will be delivered when she gets out of commercial, fiscal and administrative area of the port of Constantaif the vessel is employed of free in and liner out termsYes, once an agreement is made the underwriters have to cover all insured lossesowners are entitled to put lien on cargo if freight is not paid as per charterpartyNOR can be tendered by telex or faxGeneral average is settled in accordance with the rules aplicable in the first port of refugeUnless the cargo is carried on deck in accordance with a recognised custom of the trade, the cargo owner will have no claim under York-Antwerp Rules to a General Average contribution from the other parties to the adventureowners have the right to decide what method is to be usedP&I Bunker Deviation Clauseshipownerscharterers will cover all cargo loading and discharging expensesmost probably, shipownersmost probably, shipownersSaturdays, Sundays and holidays are excluded even if work is carried on during these daysmaster has no obligation in this respect, it is operational department obligation to instruct the agents properlyshipowners will cover cargo loading expenses while charterers will cover all cargo discharging expensesHague or Hague Visby provisions have priority of interpretationthe owners have the option to terminate the charter-party and ask for damagesactual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall not count as loading or discharging timeSundays and holidays are not counted as laytimeSundays and holidays are counted as laytimeshifting time is excluded from laytimeshifting time is excluded from laytimeteoretical weighton quantity ascertained at discharging portthe charterer is under an obligation to load the cargo mentioned in the charterparty no matter what is her apparent order and conditionfreight is payable even if the the vessel and/or cargo is lost after signing bill of ladingactual time used during the excepted periods, before or after commencement of laytime, shall count as loading or discharging timetime lost due to break down of shore cranes will be counted as laytime even if it is rainningtime lost due to break down of shore cranes will be counted as laytime even if it is rainningthe owners are exempted from any liabilityonly if at least two originals are presentedadditional insurance would be requiredhe is only responsible if the damage was caused by his faultthe carrier is not bound to issue a bill of lading at allmaster release the cargo and retain on board a copy of original bill of ladinglaytime is calculated as reversible laytime as this is good for all parties involvedshippers can present any form as along as it in accordance with the custom of the tradeit is for forbiden to tranship the cargocarrier is under an obligation to transport the cargo up to the closest sea or river port to Bucharestbareboat charterercharterers
only to first and last voyagedemurrage or detentionno, sea protest can be noted at any discharge portto properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the cargocarriers right in respect of dangerous goodsthe nearest coastguard station or coast radio station in the Coastal StateMarfa va fi incarcata, stivuita si rujata cind e cazul pe cheltuiala si riscul armatorului si descarcata pe cheltuiala si riscul navlositorului.Stalii calculate conform uzurilor si practicilor localeo pierdere aparuta ca urmare a unui pericol maritimAspectele legate de echipajNetto plus ambalajDDUCIFnava nu are capitan secund la plecarea din portul de incarcare si aceasta functie este solicitata prin Safe Manning Certificatenava nu poate fi salvata de la o pierdere totala reala fara cheltuieli care ar depasi valoarea ei de asigurare sau in cazul in care aceasta este subevaluata, valoarea ei comerciala.Nava are la bord marfuri perisabile si instalatiile frigorifice nu functioneazaConosamentul sau alt document care face dovada contractului de transport pe mare este emis intr-un stat ce a ratificat conventia.the party whom the carrier is instructed to notify when the goods have arrived at their destinationHague-Visby Rules apply if carriage from port A to port B is covered by only one bill of ladinguse his correct draft survey figures to show the true quantity loaded only if the bill of lading is still in the hands of the shipperthe head ownersIt is master's option to include them or not into the bill of ladingThe master can release the cargo against one original bill of ladingCopiile nenegociabile se pot intocmi in atatea exemplare cate sunt necesare partilor ce participa la expeditia maritimaprotectia oferita este similara cu cea oferita de o societate de asigurare, iar armatorul plateste o prima de asigurare in schimbul careia este despagubitapartin navlositorilorarmatorul va primi navlul pentru fiecare voiaj efectuat de navaArmatorul este responsabil doar pentru acele avarii pentru care poate fi considerat vinovatcel mai probabil se va considera ca armatorul navei este carausArmatorul este responsabil daca marfurile se pierd datorita lipsei bunei stari de navigabilitate a naveiarmatorul este responsabil in orice imprejurarearmatorul este responsabil in orice imprejurareNavlositorul trebuie sa plateasca navlul armatorului fara nici un fel de reducerinava nu are instalatiile de incarcare in buna stare de functionare si conform contractului trebuie sa le foloseascaProprietarul navei Echipajul refuza incarcarea lorNu se vor semna conosamente marcate "duplicat"Regulile Haga Visby Dupa ce a primit din partea vamii permisul vamaleste obligatoriu ca acesta sa fie intr-o forma acceptata de armatornava efectueaza operatiuni ce pot fi asimilate piraterieiTotdeauna se elibereaza 2 (doua) conosamente originale.for each voyage performed by the shipeste acela de marfa, care stivuita corect ocupa volumul total al magaziilor navei sau conduce la utilizarea intregii capacitati de incarcare a naveiVanzatorul marfiiOrdinele navlositorului in ceea ce priveste navaTaxele de tranzitare prin stramtori/canale sunt platite atat de armator cat si de navlositor in proportii egale conform prevederilor contractuluiin proportie de 80% de asiguratii H & M si 20% de asiguratorii P&Ithe safety of the shipCharterpartyPe cantitatea de marfa descarcataPe greutatea teoretica
este interzis a se efectua operatiunea de transbordare a marfurilorPe masura ce marfa este descarcata din navaIn fiecare port de escala a naveidoar in primul port de incarcareIn trei zile bancare de la eliberarea conosamentelor daca acestea sunt marcate "freight prepaid"Inainte de eliberarea conosamentelor daca acestea sunt marcate "freight prepaid"pierderile si scurgerile accidentale ale marfi asigurateasigurarea se reinoieste automat in aceleasi conditiieste bine de stiut inaintea inceperii si la sfirsitul voiajului ce cantitati de combustibil are nava la bordeste obligatorie doar pentru navele de peste 1000 grtel are dreptul de a demonstra contrariul doar daca acel conosament se afla in posesia incarcatoruluicaraus si navlositorul posesor al conosamentuluiEste dublul contrastaliilor si uneori chiar mai marenu este obligatoriu ca aceste remarci sa fie inscrise in conosamentcomadantul poate elibera marfa in schimbul unui exemplar din conosamentul originalcomandantul trebuie sa elibereze marfurile doar dupa ce posesorul demonstreaza ca este reprezentantul legal al celui mentionat in conosamentsa-si defasoare activitatile cu extrem de multa precautie astfel incit sa evite si cele mai mici riscuri de a avea o avariecomandantul poate elibera marfa, in portul de destinatie, daca se prezinta cel putin doua exemplare originaleSe subintelege ca aceste limite sunt in optiunea navlositorului si ca acesta are dreptul de a alege orice cantitate ce se incadreaza intre aceste limite Despatch-ul se plateste pentru perioada de timp dintre momentul teoretic al expirarii staliilor si momentul in care nava paraseste portul de incarcare sau descarcareonly on delivery of the goods at port of dischargewarrantiesa group of carriers, which are operating scheduled liner services between designated ports, joined together for the purpose of establishing common freight ratesNava va opera imediat ce a sosit fara sa astepte randthat despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all working time saved at both loading and discharging portthat despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all working time saved at both loading and discharging portthat at both loading and discharging port there will be no detention payable to the ownersthe voyage to the lading porta ship could not be preserved from actual total loss without expenditure which would exceed its value had the expensiture been incurredIf he has too many claims in one yearwhen a ship or cargo is totally destroyed by fireP&I clubs are involved in salvage cases if there is risk of General Averageafter every case of general averagewhen dock workers are misusing ship's equipmentafter the ship has been damaged from any causeCIFCFRthe vessel has no chief officer and the position is required by safe maning certificatevessel holds are not properly fitted for the cargovessel has on board refrigerating cargoes and ships refrigerating machines do not worktime charter-partiesVizitarea navei de catre reprezentantul navlositoruluiInternational Maritime Organisation, LondonNuDa, daca conosamentul este semnat de comandantDaNu, daca s-a depus o scrisoare de garantieDaNuacela ca nu se remunereaza decit operatiunile de salvare incununate de succesexpertizacomisionul necesar pentru incheierea tranzactiei de navlosire a navei sau pentru procurarea de navlu partial.
Incarcatorul sau banca emitenta poate andosa conosamentul unei alte persoaneArmatorCASCO in sarcina armatorului si P&I in sarcina navlositoruluiNavlositoruluiComandantului naveiPastreaza controlul navei din punct de vedere comercialcomercialincarcatorul marfiinavlositorarmatorul navei24 de ore consecutiveArmatorProprietarului naveiarmatorularmatorul sau chiriasul naveiArmatoruluiVanzatorul marfiinavlositorului - chiriasarmatorului naveiProprietarului marfilorArmatorului-navlositorInseamna un grup de dane la care navele efectueaza operatiuni de incarcare, descarcare si operatiuni de buncherare si include doar radele interioare si exterioare in care navele asteapta de obicei sa acosteze la dana de incarcare sau descarcaredoar pentru primul si ultimul voiajIf agreed, yes. A sum in compensation to the owners will normally be provided for in the timecharterthe disponent owner is not entitled to borrow money and to mortgage the ship, as he is not the owner of the shipNo, the shipper is always the stevedoring companyConventia MONTEGUE-BAY si Codul Comercial Romanelibereaza marfurile si retine la bord o copie a conosamentului originalLa 835 DST pe colet sau alta unitate de transport sau 2,5 DST. pe kg;La un cuantum egal cu valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere;FI/LO si LO/FISa nu plateasca chirie pentru perioada respectivaNavlositorul sa informeze armatorul si primitorul marfurilor inainte de a semna.Charter party cu eliberare de conosamentIce clausesalthough sometimes they can be considered fraud, they are accepted as a commercial solutiona perfect competitive marketUnei scrisori de garantie semnata de primitor si navlositor sau in optiunea comandantului in schimbul conosamentui originala company offering logistic and financial support to Lloyds' SyndicatesFIO termsFIOS termsToate marfurile transportate de navele cargouMarfurile neomogene, ambalate si transportate in loturi destul de mari pentru a satisface capacitatea de incarcare a naveiEgala cu produsul dintre navlu unitar si cantitatea de marfa neincarcata de catre navlositor pana la limita minima stabilita in contractvaloarea proprietatii salvateHague-Visby Rule0, 30 milioane dolari0, 30 milioane dolariCustomary quick dispachProdusul dintre capacitatea de incarcare a navei si navlul pe tonaContravaloarea navlului pentru spatiul mort ocupat de o marfa la bordul unei nave
Suma de bani pe zi platita armatoruluiSuma de bani pe numarul de magazii puse la dispozitieLa orice ora din zi sau noapte si in orice zi nava poate fi pusa la dispozitia navlositoruluiCambia este un titlu de credit reprezentativ a carui valoare este inscrisa in continutul ei1000 USDNavlositorul din contractul de bareboatNava nu se afla in buna stare de navigabilitate daca ciocolata s-a incarcat in primul port si ceapa in cel de-al doilea port5 zile 19 ore 12 minute7 zile 12 ore7 zile 8 ore5 zile si 18 ore34,000 metric tons 5 percent more or less in charterers optionavariile provocate la marfa din magazia 19600 tone9600 tone10200 toneIn momentul in care ajunge la dana de incarcare in portul GalatziIn momentul in care ancoreaza in rada Portului ConstantaIn momentul in care ancoreaza in rada Portului Constantanu avem de-a face cu o avarie comuna deoarece nu au existat mai multi participanti la expeditia maritimaAre de efectuat reparatii in compartimentul masinaproprietarul tevilor nu va primi nici o despagubire in cadrul avariei comune deoarece aceasta marfa nu se transporta in mod uzual pe puntebound to wait until beginning February and then to proceed to Taganrogbound to wait until beginning February and then to proceed to TaganrogParties to a common adventure contribute to General Average according to their sound market value at the termination of the adventurerecommended that only lawyers to amend the standard clausesdocument prepared by the custom at discharging port in which the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel is noted along with any discrepancies in the quantity compared with the bill of lading.costul unitar pe tona de marfa transportata scadeeste necesar a se obtine o decizie a unei instante sau a unei curti de arbitrajAspectul legal al calatorieise estimeaza ca navlurile ramin constanteNu se conteaza ca stalii indiferent de prevederile contractului de navlosireNu se conteaza ca timp de stalii indiferent de prevederile contractului de navlosiremonopolul navlositorilorAvaria care are loc in imprejurari de forta majora avind ca efect distrugerea marfurilor.Ca nava va incarca o marfa ce va fi transportata fara a incalca legislatia statului al carui pavilion il poarta ca nava va incarca o marfa ce va fi descarcata fara a incalca doar legislatia din portul de descarcareTimpul lucrat inainte de inceperea staliilor nu se va conta ca staliiSe plateste navlul chiar daca nava se pierde dupa ce conosamentele au fost eliberatese plateste navlul chiar daca nava se pierde dupa ce conosamentele au fost semnateSunt satisfacute doar interesele armatorului care primeste o despagubire pentru retinerea navei peste perioada de timp alocata prin contractTotalitatea cheltuielilor efectuate de armator pentru a proteja marfurile, daca nava nu poate livra marfurile datorita unui pericol exceptat sau din vina navlositorului si navlositorul nu transmite instructiuni cu privire la livrarea marfurilorPerioada de timp alocata prin contractul de navlosire reprezentantilor navlositorului pentru a efectua operatiunile de incarcare si/sau descarcare pentru care se plateste o suma de bani proportionala cu durata acestoraProprietarului naveinot be considered General Average since only the cargo and freight are at riskMarfurile respective se transporta in mod uzual pe punteNava poarta pavilionul unei tari care a ratificat regulileNuacestea nu au fost livrate in termen de 30 de zile consecutive de la expirarea termenului de livrare.835 de unitati de cont pe colet sau alta unitate de transport, sau 2,5 unitati de cont pe kilogram de greutate bruta a marfurilor pierdute sau avariate, oricare din ele este mai nmare.de doua ori valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere.Portul de descarcare se afla intr-un stat ce a ratificat conventia.
DaLa toate contractele de transport pe mare intre doua state diferite daca au convenit ca atare.IMO cu sediul la LONDRAObligatiile amanuntite ale vanzatorului/cumparatorului pentru livrarea marfurilor contractate, a termenilor de livrare si a conditiilor calitative si cantitative ale livrariiRegula de interpretare, regulile literale A-G avand caracter de principii generale, regulile numerice I-XXII referitoare la cazuri practice de avarie comunaUnele remarci nu se transferacan be included into bill of ladingagreements voluntarily entered in to provide harbour tugssunt considerate o solutie comerciala acceptabila in cele mai multe situatii, daca marfa se descarca in custodia vamii sau a unui agent al armatoruluinu trebuie acceptate niciodata de catre comandant deoarece ele constituie o practica fraudulenta$ 0.18 milion$ 0.18 milionAgentul navei si este contrasemnat de catre armator si navlositordocument drawn up by shipowners or charterers which details the time worked together with the laytime used and compare the latter with time allowed and based on this calculate either the demurrage or despatch.ship's agent and is countersigned by charterers and shipownersincercati sa continuati negocierile si numai daca ajungeti la o suma acceptabila puteti accepta serviciul de salvareOrce persoana de catre care sau in numele careia s-a incheiat cu carausul un contract de transport that holds/tanks are fit for commencement of loadingCustomary quick dispachSeawaybill is used only on short distancesuch cargoes are usually caried on deckto contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any charter party, in so far as the as such documents refer to carriage of goods by seaIf cargo which should have been stowed under deck is stowed on deckby multiplying difference between maximum quantity charterer is allowed to load and quantity loaded with the unit freightusually makes references to the carrier's standard terms and conditions of carriage and same can be obtained from its office at charterer's requestusually makes references to carrier's standard terms and conditions which can be obtained from its officelaytime usually commences on expiration of a certain number of hours after tendering notice of readinessis the servant of the ownersGive the master of the ship freedom of action in attempting to save the ship and the cargo from danger without having to worry about who would have to paythe value of the property saveddespatch for working time savedchange of classification societystates what losses and expenditures are permitted reimbursment under General AverageFree timeis never counted as laytimeto sell the goodsca un act sau o omisiune a proprietarului marfurilor.Se estimeaza ca euro va scadea in raport cu dolaruldocumentul fractionat este eliberat de posesorul legitim al conosamentului la solicitarea navlositorului Pe conosament sunt inscrise cuvintele "la purtator"Trip Chartereste mai bine sa asteptati instructiunile scrise ale navlositorului in acest sensMELBOURNELONDRA/1975La autoritatea competenta din primul port de escala dupa producerea evenimentuluiConosamentele se pot tranzactiona dupa ce au fost semnate, tranzactiile desfasurandu-se prin negocieri directewhere the character or condition of the property to be carried are such as reasonably to justify a special agreement.Charter-party contains a clause stating that stowage is done under master's direction and supervisionact, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the shipfire, even if caused by actual fault or privity of the carrieract of public enemiesthe sacrifice or expenditure must be reasonable
the act must be inevitablewhere there is a statement on the face of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods are shipped on deck, and the goods are, in fact, stowed on deckMaster will only issue a second set of bills of lading if the first set is returned to the master.Hague or Hague-Visby Rulesafter completion of loadingvaloarea de fier vechi a naveigreutatea ce poate fi stivuita in container, astfel ca in timpul calatoriei solicitarile dinamice sa nu avarieze containerultime charter-partiestaking a tow to a port of refuge after a major machinery failureA set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the obligations and rights of the owner and charterer in international sale of goods transactionsthe owners will start legal proceeding against the chartererscargo salvageBill of LadingGeneral Average Depositto decide matters in dispute between two parties to a shipping-related contract, when no acceptable solution is found in a court of lawto settle disputes arrising from agreements between shipowners and charterersINCOTERMSa maritime lien is a lien against the person whereas a possessory lien is a lien against the propertyTo insure member cargo owners against shipowners liabilities not covered by their cargo insurance policies and to compensate members against themrunning coststo be estheticThe seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss or of damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when goods pass the ship's rail at the loading portThe buyer must bear all costs and risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail at the loading port (Constanta)cargo liensshe can only claim damagesshe can claim damagesA clear description of bunker consumption and speedThey would still be able to invoke all defences under the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as common law, and avoid liability for cargo loss, damage and delayHague Visby Ruleson liner servicestime policygeneral average lossespayable after deliverydespatch for all time saved is equal or higher than despatch for working time savedunit cost is decreasing while deadweight is increasingResult of a laytime calculation can be demurrage, despatch or time used can be equal with time allowedThey should send to the charterers a notification before due date and if the charterers do not pay during grace period, owners can withdraw the vessel from time charterers' servicehe should inform the owners about the cause of slow loading or dischargingLawful cargoes except those specifically excluded by charterpartycover against three-fourths of his liability to owners of other vessels with which the ship colidescover against liability for crew death on board the shipall expenses incurred by the carrier to protect the cargo if he is prevented from delivering the cargo at the agreed destination for some reason beyond his controlIt means that if the vessel is far away from delivery point charterers agree to compensate owners for the long ballast trip with an agreed amount to cover part of owners expensesIt means that charterer has the liberty to add together loading and discharging time and divide it at two and thereafter to calculate laytimeIt means that the vessel can carry cargoes that can be loaded, carried and discharged without breaking all international rules and regulationsaccording with this clause the buyer is entitled to reject the cargo if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual qualityaccording with this clause the buyer is entitled to reject the cargo if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual qualityaccording with this clause the buyer is entitled to reject the cargo if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual qualityA bill of lading stating that the goods are consigned to a specified person and master is obliged to deliver the goods to that person and only this person is allowed to give orders for delivery of the cargoit means that the vessel has to wait until the ship under loading operation is completing loadingA "bearer" bill of lading can be a bill of lading stating that the goods are consigned to a specified person and the bearer can take delivery of the cargothe fact that water density at respective port of call is between sea water density and fresh water density
it means that charterers have the right to nominate agents that will be appointed by the owners at loading and discharging portsIt means that owners have the option to deliver the vessel not cleaned against payment of a lumpsum amountIt means that in case work is carried out before commencement of laytime actual time used before commencement of laytime will count as laytimeIt means that if no loading or discharging berth is available on her arrival, the vessel, on reaching any usual waiting-place within the port, shall be entitled to tender notice of readiness from it and laytime shall commence in accordance with the charter party.It means that the vessel can only tender the notice of readiness if custom formalities has been completedIt means that the vessel can only tender the notice of readiness if free practique has been obtainedIt means that master can tender notice of readiness even if the vessel is not within the port limits, but is waiting at usual waiting place or where she was ordered by port authoritiesIt means that notice of readiness can be tendered if the vessel is withinn the port limits or at usual waiting place or where she was ordered by port authorities no matter if free parctice or custom clearance has been obtained or notIt means that laytime for loading or disching is calculated by division of vessels deadweight cargo capacity to the agreed loading or discharging rateThe period during which the ship is oblidged by the charterparty to present herself at the discharging port, and during which the charterers are obliged to accept the ship for discharging.An agreed daily amount paid to the shipowner for the use of the whole, or part, of a ship to carry cargo on a given voyageA bill of lading stating that the goods are consigned to a specified person and master is obliged to deliver the goods to that personIt means that the days specified count as laytime if loading or discharging is carried out on them.a commercial invoicea detailed survey report with surveyor's findings about vessels hull, machinery and bunaker on boardcompensation to shipowners for sums paid out in claims against themProtection from exposure to the three fourths of collision liability that London hull and machinery underwriters traditionally do not coverIt means that the vessel should be ready both phisically and legalyexpendituresfitted for encountering all sea perilsVessel is free to leave the portNo further Notice of readiness is required as in this way owners loose the right to cclaim demurrage for time lostdetailed survey of hull and machinerya short visit in all compartments to check if they are proper maintaineda system of increasing the freight when there are unexpected changes in the cost of bunkera system of converting the freight into a currency favourable to the shipownersonly damages suffered by a vessel or cargo as a result of a maritime accidentA notice given to shipowners agent at loading or discharging port that the vessel has arrived at the port or berth and is in all respects ready to load or discharge as the case may be.ammendments made to one or more standard clauses and agreed by shipowners and charterersthe bank is refusing payment under leter of credit and ask the buyer for instructionsan indemnity paid by P&I Club to its members for damages suffereda person who owns the vessel performing the carriage from one place to anothera document containing the express and implied terms of an agreement for the charter of a shipA bill of lading having the same terms and conditions like a charterpartyAn agreement between a charterer and a shipowner, for the carriage of a not clear defined quantity of named goods between specific places, after a specified period of time, by vessels of a type and size specified by the charterers, but which are nominated b the ownersany contract of carriage by seaa claim value or threshold which must not be passed before any claim will be met by the insurera compulsory excess applied by the club, so that the cargo owner has to bear the first part of each claim himselfA bill of lading containing false information about the cargo or the shippers/receivers .A bill of lading containing false information about the cargo or the shippers/receivers .a firm which contract with the carrier for the carriage of goods by sea and arrange loading and/or discharging operationsA general average act is any sacrifice or expenditure that is voluntarily and reasonably incurred in time of peril no matter what is the actual outcome of the maritime expedition.a person always appointed by court for adjusting and providing the general average statement showing contribution and compensation for every interested party involvedA partial loss incurred through a fortuitous act performed with the intention of protecting all the interests involved in a voyage from a danger which threatens them allAn undertaking issued by a bank, on behalf of the seller, to the buyer (importer), to pay for goods, provided that the buyer presents documents which comply fully with the terms and conditions of the letter of credita carrier who restricts his strict liability by contracting out of his common law obligationsa berth which the ship can always reach, remain at and depart from without, in the absence of some abnormal occurrence, being exposed to danger which cannot be avoided by good navigation and seamanship.A letter of protest sent to charterers for non loading properly the cargo and for this reason may be some loss, damage or delay to the ship or its cargo during the course of the voyageThe master should follow time charterer's instructions in so far as they relate to the commercial activities of the shipa bill of lading issued when goods have been loaded on board a shipa contract for hire of a named vessel together with services of the crew for a specified period of timeA time sheet is a document drawn up by master after completion of the voyage to evaluate if the charterers have detained the vessel more that allowed by the charterparty and in this case demurrage is due.
a promise by the underwriter that something will or will not be done, or that some obligation will be fulfilled.Full set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the ship's master at the discharge port, allowing the receiver to take delivery of the cargosome unforseen and unpreventable natural eventA cargo underwriter's signed guarantee, given in consideration of delivery of the goods to their consignee without collection of a General Average deposit.A negligent act commited by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner or charterer.The final day of laydays, after which, if the ship presents herself at the discharging port, charterers have the option to cancel the charterparty.A sum of liquidated damages charged by the shipowner to the charterer for failure to load the maximum quantity of cargo shipowner is entitled to requireA monetary reward payable by charterers to owners for completion of cargo operation before laytime has expiredThe agreed rate payable to the shipowner for carriage of goods from the port of shipment to any port of dischargethe clause from the standard form has priority of interpretation over the clause from the riderThe owners have to deliver the cargo as per voyage charter party no matter if they are paid or notThe period of time agreed between the shipowner and the charterer during which the owner must make and keep the ship available for loading and/or discharging with some payment additional to the freight.a hiden deficiency of the goods not discoverable at first sightIt means that the assured must disclose to the insurer, after the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is known to the assured.between good and safe portsa bill of lading which was issued by a party having not authority to sign on behalf of the carriera clause that provides that the assured has the duty to take all reasonable steps to avert or minimize any loss for which a claim would be payable under the policy. In return, most costs incurred in taking such steps are recoverable from the underwriters.Tally sheet is the document issued always by stevedoring company recording cargo available for loading or received into their custodyThe right of the carrier to sell the the cargo carried in order to cover his unpaid expenses for the performance of an obligation under contract, or to settle an old claim.they have to take into consideration shipowners' interestsbetween 80,000 and 180,000 dwtbetween 35,000 and 42,000 dwtbetween 18,000 and 45,000 dwtbetween 45,000 and 90,000 dwtbetween 45,000 and 56,000 dwtA common law lien does not need to be expressely stated in the contract, whereas a contractual lien is one incorporated by a term expressed in the contractUnder FOB delivery risks are transferred from buyer to seller on completion of loading while under CIF delivery risks are transferred on completion of dischargingthe difference is not significant and only an arbitrator can decide the fine line of demarcation between the two expressionsThere is no differenceIn both carriage of goods law and insurance law breach of a warranty allows the injured party either to sue for damages or gives him the right to regard the contract as discharged depending on the gravity of the breachIf deck cargo is saved by a General Average act, the owner of the deck cargo will be liable to make a General Average contributionThe cargo owners will participate to general average lossesto export on FOB terms and import on CIF termsIt means that freight has to be paid before signing charterpartyINCOTERMS 19901990The level of damages for detention is always higher than the level of demurragehe can sell the goods after passing ships rail at loading portthe owner is concerned with vessel performing voyages with required speed and without extra bunker consumptionVessel is from administrative point of view under charterers direct control for a limited period of timea partial or total loss of a property exposed to maritime perilsTo indemnify is to replace goods damaged or lost and if same is not possible to offer financial compensationalways a tolerance of 10 % is considered acceptableCharter-partyto enable the seller to receive payment for the goods soon after the shipmentParamount Rule refers only to Hague Visby Rules and it is not applicable to General AverageIncorpoatres the Hamburg RulesFASLetter of credit has to be issued in strict conformity with content of the Bill of Lading and in this way there in no discrepancyThe Special Compensation P&I Clause, a suplementary clause to LOF 95 and 2000 contracts that provides for a alternative method of assessing Special Compensation instead of method in Article 14 of the International Salvage Convention, 1910In liner trades loading is usually arranged by the charterers and usual loading rate is in accordance with custom of the portBy such a letter of indemnity shippers guarantee that if the carrier will held liable for damages he will be reimbursed for the amount paid
deviation due to the default of the charterersoriginalsalvage costsdamages to the ship or cargo due to efforts to extinguish a fireIt has possesion of the "to order" bill of lading and thus has constructive possession of the goodstowageleasing chargesrepairs and maintenancewater and lube oilport chargescargo handling costs when the ship is employed on LILO basisContinue with all despatch to the delivery place and check with owners for instructionsEnter the ship's figure on the Bill of ladinghe should remember that his primary responsibility is to serve the shipownersSend a letter of protest to charterers or their agents"NON NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILL"common carriersProtection and Indemnity Insuranceeven if a cargo owner can show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy, the carrier will still be able limit his liabilityhe should wait and see if the first notice is accepted and only if is not accepted to tender another onethe owners should first get the approval for H&M and P&I insurers before deciding what offer they will acceptit is always good to know what bunker the vessel has on board at beginning of a voyageAfter delivery of cargo to receivers at destination portThey can be accepted when remarks on bills of lading are minor and in this way clients are satisfied.condition of packingthe carrier is responsible if cargo damage is generated by lack of seaworthinessthe need to avoid the vessel being reported as total lossUSD 112,000USD 200,000port expenses are covered by the chartererport expenses at one loading and one discharging ports are paid by the owneralways when a international sale contract is concludedAfter custom clearance has been obtainedWhen goods arrive at destination such badly damaged that they are unmerchantable in the sense that they no longer answer to their commercial descriptionafter the carrier has received the goods into his chargeon completion of discharging operation at the last port of call after he see what are the cargo damagesas soon as possible after arrival in port and where there may be cargo damage, preferably before breaking bulkmedium speed, under good weather, during each voyage can be lower with 0.5 Knots than the speed mentioned in the charterpartyWhenever the cargo is carried by sea and a bill of lading or a charter party is issuedbefore authorised person under local law to adminsiter oaths and take sworn declarations at first port of callcan not be considered General Average, since the measure is purely a precaution of a prudent seamanYes, shipmaster is under a statutory obligation to save the ship and the crewoperating and voyage coststhe master is required to deliver the cargo to the entity mate's receipt has been issued toproperly lash the cargo loaded on deckassume that owners are legally the carrier and take care of the cargo and documentation accordinglyfire damaged cargoFAS and CFRParticular Averagemaster's lien on the ship for his wagesfreight rates vary in the same manner like stocks and bonds change prices in the security marketsfreight rates vary in the same manner like stocks and bonds change prices in the security markets
CAFDPTFIO8 running dayscommencement of laytime clausesStatement of FactsBooking notelosses atributable to wilful misconduct of the assuredloss or damage caused by violent theft by persons from outside the vesselloss or damage caused by negligence of repairerers or Charterers, provided such repairers or charterers are not an Assured under the Policycarriers' right to load cargo on deckany bill of ladingFILOFIOSgrounding /stranding damageWreck removalNYPElower coststo make the ship seaworthy and prepare her for the voyagethe carriers vessel must not deviate from the contract route or the usual route unjustifiablyVessel to be ready from all points of view to commence loading or discharginga shipowner not disclosing that a vessel had a minor engine problemincompetent or insufficient crewTerms are negotiablefreight per weightfreight per measurementper number of daysevidence of the terms and conditions of contract of carriage;Indemnityto bring the ship to the agred loading port by the agreed dateto load only cargoes that are suitable for the vessel employedadopted charter-parties400 metric tons per working hatch per weather working dayseaworthiness clauselaydays as per custom of portweight unknownGeneral average to be settled in accordance with York Antwerp rulesFreight payable within 3 banking days from releasing bills of lading marked "freight prepaid"Freight payable within 3 banking days from releasing bills of lading marked "freight prepaid"Netto plus packingCPTFCAdraft survey reportsdraft survey reportsact, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or other servant of the carrierFreight payable as per charterpartyFreight payable as per CharterpartyFreight payable at destinationBill of Lading formAnticipated weather in the area of operationPolitical situation in the area where port of loading and/or port of discharging are situatedport expenses
distance between portsto exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy before and at the beginning of the voyageships General Average expenses not recoverable from H&M underwritersBaltimeMedconGenconNorgrainC(ore) 7MobilvoyNanywoodProtection offered is similar with other forms of insurance, the assured paying a fixed insurance premium and he is indemnified for his lossesBill of lading is prima facie evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for shipment in the quantity and condition stated therein if the bill of lading is in the hands of the shipperssome areas of the world are closed for navigation all the yearbunker expensesbunker used during off - hire periodsEither the seller or the buyer of the goods, depending on the terms of salethe buyerthe buyerthe buyerbareboat charterersshipownersCanal transit expenses and risks for delay are shared 50/50 between owners and charterersshipownersAny person having authority from the carriertime charterersthe party who appointed the agent and will be paying the agency feestevedoring company is appointed and paid by the charterersship's tally clerkcharterers' agentsinsurersto make easier the process of amending the standard clausesBecause at the time of adoption of the rules, vessels were not very strongto give the owners the opportunity to recover some of the amounts mentioned in lien clause, due and not paid before delivery of the cargoto reduce the risk of fraudThis is important because charterparty may be cancelled if Notice of Neadiness is not tendered before weekendYork-Antwerp 2004 Rules are more favourable to the shipowner in terms of what costs can be claimed in General Averagebecause it may be difficult to ascertain whether there will be a claim or not from receivers side when first noting sea protest, and further facts may have to be added to the original protestBecause sometimes cargo is delivered with significant delays and charterers want to compensate loss of market value with balance freightMaster will always report to head owner vessel's position and next emloyementcontinue negotiations and only if you reach an agreement accept the salvage
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Raspuns3the bill of lading becomes a "through bill of lading"bill of lading which bears superimposed clauses or notations which expresely declare the defective condition or contradicts the quantity, weight or number (as the case may be) of the cargo.time chartererdeliver the cargo without delayexpression "freight pre payable" is included in the bill of ladingthe shipperon handing it over to the consignee or his receivershipowner and shipperwether the value of the vessel requesting the tow, plus her cargo, if any, is likely to be enough value to merit a salvage serviceon charterparty datethe master is obliged to sign "clean on board" bills of ladingis not a valid notice readinessonly when the ship is within fiscal, commercial and administrative limits of the port mentioned in the ch/ponce she drops anchor within the port limitsMaster has to instruct the receivers to keep the cargo on the quay and not to sell it before owners confirt that their claim for freight has been settled in fulllaytime will start as per ch/p, depending on time notice was readiness was tenderedonce vessel has pilot on boardonce vessel has pilot on boardLaytime started as per ch/p after master properly tendered notice of readiness on arrival at usual waiting place and it was only interrupted for vessels shifting from anchorage to the loading or discharging berthit is forbiden to carry out this operation without prior approval from the underwritersif chocolate and onion were loading in the same time10,000 metric tons10,000 metric tons10,000 metric tonsThis action can be considered general average only if weather forecast is not favourablemin/max 32,000/33,000 metric tonsmin/max 33,000 metric tonsWhen it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will remain the samea document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another with the same vessel or by the same carrierTime Charter for one voyagethe ship is in every way ready to start loading or dischargingonce the vessel has pilot on board and is on her way to berth 35minor repairs have to be made in each holdon sailing vessel has no chief mate and she is not allowed to sailactual time used will only count if shippers agree to change loading conditions from EIU to UUthe owners are entitled to bunker the vessel only if bunker on board is not enough for safe completion of the present voyageonce the vessel arrives at Galatzi roadmaster is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness at all loading portsCharterer can compensate the freight to be paid with value of lost cargothe master should ask for charterers permission to load all cargo and has to insist on a letter of indemnity7,500 USD7,500 USD4 days 19 hours5 days 19 hours 12 minutes11 days 14 hours 24 minutestemporrar repairs while agroundtemporary repairs t the shipNava va opera fara costuri suplimentare intr-un port si o dana sigura, portul fiind tot timpul accesibil iar nava sa ramana in stare de plutire tot timpulNo - a lower degree of careany vessel used in the carriage of goods and passengers by seafor any reasonable purpose
666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the lowerrto an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight payable under the contract of carriage of goods by sea.if such carriage is required by statutory rules or regulations835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the lowerin handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country the bill of lading is issuedconsecutive days commencing at 0000 hours on the day following that on which a notice is given and ending at 2400 hours on the last of the number of days stipulated.despatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of loading or discharging to the the expiry of laytime including periods excepted from laytimean agreed amount payable to the owner in respect of delay to the vessel beyond the laytime, for which the owner is not responsiblethat separate calculations are to be made for loading and discharging and that any time saved in one operation is to be set off against any excess time used in the othera working day of 24 consecutive hours including any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in progress.a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in progress.within 48 working hours after the receipt of the owners noticethe charterers should nominate a new cancelling date acceptable to the ownershas to get charterers approval before calling at any port or ports in any order, sailing without pilots, towing and/or assisting Vessels in all situations, and also deviating for the purpose of saving life and/or property.at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given up to and including 12.00 hours, and at 06.00 hours next working day if notice given during office hours after 12.00 hours.the charterers, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the ownersdelivered quantitythe seventh day after the expiration of the 48 runnig hours allowed for charterers to declare their optiongoods, wares, merchandises and passengers of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so carriedfreight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages, cargo contribution to general average and for expenses incurred by the shipowner in protecting the cargothe specific place within or outside a port where the vessel is to load or dischargean area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall not include the usual places where vessels wait for their turn or are ordered or obliged to wait for their turn no matter the distance from that areaunless suit is brought within one year after discharge of the goodsresulted from an act or omission of the carrier done without knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result.fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the seaForma de plata in comertul international utilizata de clientii unei banci pentru derularea unui contract international de vanzarethey are still valid and can be used to transfer the property in the goodsany visibly expressed form of reproducing words; the medium of transmission shall include electronic communications such as radio communications and telecommunications.in plinThe shipowners are entitled to put lien on cargo as by the time charter they usually have the right to recover any subfreights due to time chartererOwners are under an obligation to have only P&I insurancedoar o parte din marfuri sosesc la destinatie75% by H & M insurers and 25% by P&I insurersthe person in possesion of mate's receiptthe salvage elementonce the Notice of Readiness is givenviteza medie a navei poate fi mai mare sau mai mica decit cea inscrisa in contract cu pana la 1 Nodse are in vedere aspectul exterior al marfii21 de zile dupa emitereDaDa,dar numai cu acordul carausuluiDa, cu acordul navlositoruluiDaStraight Bills of Ladingthe master has to follow charterers orders, as they reffer to the commercial operation of the vesselAu valoarea stabilita la bursa de valori sau pe alte piete de valori mobiliare legal recunoscuteonly owners interests are satisfied as they are not loosing anything while charterers are paying more moneythe time charterers have no right to claim anything against the master, since he is employed and paid by the shipownersDepends on the circumstances an accident occurs inYes, if vessel is deliberely grounded to save her from total lossCand pierderea, avarierea sau intarzierea in livrare a rezultat din forta majora ;Cand comandantul navei nu este multumit de prestatia disponent owner-ului si face cunoscut acest lucru armatorului
Creditul documentar fata de incaso-ul documentar nu are nevoie de garantii de depozitare pana la efectuarea platilor fapt ce genereaza riscuri in plusSa adopte masuri administrative impotriva comandantului si apoi sa-l informeze pe armator despre acest lucru Cand se primeste ordin scris din partea navlositorilorSe vor aplica numai la cererea uneia dintre partile implicate in avaria comunaCand o nava a ancorat in rada unui portDreptul de retentie al armatorului pentru neplata chiriei se poate exercita in primul port de operare fara precizari prealabileCostul este suportat atat de armator cat si de navlositor in proportii egaleNu are importanta momentul cu conditia ca marfurile sa fie in buna stareTrecerea marfi peste granita mai multor tari si supunerea contractului dispozitiilor Camerei de Comert International de la ParisUnele clauze sunt prezentate in mai multe variante standardCresterea capacitatii de transport a navelor?Dezvoltarea transportului de marfuri in vrac?Transportul maritim costier este parte integranta a sistemului de transport feroviarPersoana care va stabili cantitatea de marfaCheltuieli portuareCheltuieli cu echipajulclauza referitoare la devierea navei de la ruta uzuala de navigatieDDP; DDU50-80,000twdCustomary despach10 clear daysobligata de a acorda grija cuvenita marfurilor pe toata perioada cat acestea se afla in custodia sapierderea naveiIn unele zone ale globului navigatia este permisa o parte din an si este interzisa in restul anuluiSa inainteze o scrisoare de protest navlositorului1000 metric tons per hatch per daycheltuielile de incarcare si descarcare sunt incluse in pretul de transportNavlul se poate calcula functie de tipul de contract de navlosire utilizatFunctie de dorintele armatoruluiNavlul se poate calcula pe coletNavlul se poate calcula conform intelegerilor internationalePrin referinta la Baltic Freight Future ExchangeNu se aplica transporturilor pe apa;Transporturilor cu caracter exceptional;Regulile nu se aplica unui transport dintr-un port apartinand unei tari care a aderat la regulile de la Haga intr-un port apartinand unei tari care nu a aderat la aceste reguli;Fotografii ale navei inainte si dupa incident, marturii ale mebrilor echipajului, documente contestatoare eliberate de autoritatile portuare vizitate de nava dupa avariein conditia de livrare FOB riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile trec peste copastia navei in portul de incarcare pe cand in cazul conditiei CIF riscurile trec in momentul in care marfa a fost preluata de primitorNu exista diferente intre aceste doua documenteGEN-NAYBILLIn stalii se include zilele de duminica si sarbatori legaleDaca operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare se desfasoara in perioadele excluse de timp acestea vor conta ca staliiIn stalii nu se includ zilele de duminica si sarbatori legaleTimpul efectiv lucrat dupa inceperea staliilor va fi contat ca stalii numai daca prevede uzul portuluiConform acestei clauze cumparatorul accepta marfa asa cum esteConform acestei clauze cumparatorul accepta marfa asa cum esteConform acestei clauze cumparatorul accepta marfa asa cum esteintelesul acestui cuvant depinde de marimea navei, insa in general se considera acceptabila o toleranta pozitiva sau negativa de 5 %Conform acestei expresii timpul de stalii va incepe a se conta chiar daca dana de incarcare/descarcare mentionata in contract nu este disponibila.Conform acestei expresii nava poate inainta NOR indiferent de faptul ca s-au incheiat sau nu formalitatile vamaleConform acestei expresii nava poate inainta NOR indiferent daca a obtinut sau nu libera practicaConform acestei expresii nava poate transmite NOR numai daca este in limitele legale, administrative si fiscale ale portului Angajarea FIO
FIOS (LASHING, SECURING, DUNNAGED)Chiria se plateste de catre navlositor ori de cate ori solicita armatorulStaliile pentru incarcare si descarcare vor incepe la ora 13.00 daca NOR este dat inainte de prinz si la ora 06.00 in urmatoarea zi lucratoare daca NOR este dat in timpul orelor de birou de dupa amiaza.Nava va opera conform normei de incarcare, descarcare inscrisa in contractBARECONContine trei rubrici (cu 2 asterix-uri) care odata completate transforma acest conosament in THROUGH BILL OF LADINGRegulile nu se aplica contractelor pe baza de Charter Party cand se emit comasamenteGestionarea comerciala a navei este in sarcina navlositorului in limitele prevederilor contractualeDaca navlositorul nu plateste chiria in avans la termeni prevazuti in contract, armatorul va notifica de cel putin 3 ori navlositorul si daca acesta nu a platit dupa aceste notificari poate sa rezilieze contractulArmatorul va tine raspunzator navlositorul si va duce marfurile la destinatie pe cheltuiala luiEle se considera ca si cand nu ar fi existat si se iau in considerare doar in situatia in care fara ele una sau mai multe clauze nu ar avea sensIntre elementele cuprinse in conosament si prevederile acreditivului trebuie sa fie o oarecare concordanta, dar se permit si variatii ale conosamentului de la continutul acreditivului daca acestea sunt in favoarea vinzatoruluiD/A-ul in porturile de incarcare/descarcare este suportat in proportii egale de armator/navlositorLa incarcare D/A-ul va fi suportat de armator iar la descarcare de navlositorObliga pe vinzator sa suporte toate cheltuielile legate de livrarea marfurilor pina in portul de descarcare.
Vinzatorul marfurilor va suporta toate cheltuielile legate de incarcarea si descarcarea lor.Toate cheltuielile de incarcare, descarcare stivuire si/sau rujare a marfurilor vor fi in contul navlositorului.Inseamna ca daca dana de incarcare sau descarcare nu este disponibila la sosirea navei, nava poate transmite NOR in momentul in care ajunge in orice loc uzual de asteptare si timpul de stalii va incepe sa curga in conformitate cu prevederile contractului de navlosire. Timpul de stalii sau contrastalii nu se va intrerupe in momentul in care dana devine disponibila ci se va conta pina la finaliyarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare.Se vor face calcule separate pentru timpul alocat incarcarii si descarcariiSe vor face calcule separate pentru incarcare si descarcare si perioada de timp folosita peste timpul alocat in cazul uneia dintre operatiuni poate fi compensata cu orice perioada de timp salvata in cazul celeilalte operatiuniImport CFR, export FOBRegulile York-AnversC AND F, FOB, FIOS, FIOL.asigurarea armatorilor impotriva responsabilitatilo legale, contractuale, extracontractuale si a altor responsabilitati ale armatorilor.Amararea, echiparea si aprovizionarea corespunzatoare a navei : curatarea hambarelor si/sau a puntilor navei.Carausul va insarcina pe navlositori cu pregatirea navei pentru calatorie cu tot ce este necesar conform conventiilor internationale in vigoare.INCOTERMS si RAFTDDaunele si cheltuielile se refera numai la nava sau numai la incarcatura, clauza "New Jason" face ca o avarie particulara produsa din neglijenta Comandantului sa devina avarie comunaCele mai uzuale clauze cu privire la plata navlului inserate in conosament sunt: "FREIGHT PREPAYABLE", "FREIGHT PAYABLE AS PER AGREEMENT" Sa fie usor, estetic, originarClauze referitoare la modalitatea de plata a navluluiClauzele "incarcat in stare si conditie aparent buna"Clauzele referitoare la porturile de incarcare/descarcareDHDATSBE, DHDWTSBE, FDBENava sa fie in port sau dana, NOR inaintat, libera practica obtinutaFOB, FAS, FCACIF, CFO, CAFDAF, DDU, DDP, DES, DEQNava sa fie sosita si sa fie gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru operatiuni si sa existe o notificare scrisa ca cele doua conditii au fost indepliniteSOLAS, LOAD LINE, ILO si MARPOLChitanta maritimaGradul de dotare al naveiNatura marfurilorAtesta existenta contractului de transport, mijloc de transfer al dreptului de proprietate asupra marfiiOperativitate in manipularea marfurilor in timpul transportului, propaganda comercialaLINNER TERMSFreight payable at destination, freight as per ch/p, freight prepayableInspectia va stabili starea financiara a navei si daca nava are de primit contrastalii de la navlositorii precedentiSigiliul naval se putea rupe oricand pe durata transportului daca Comandantul banuieste ca in container sunt marfuri de contrabandaArmatorul transfera navlositorului dreptul de proprietate asupra navei cu toate prerogativele ce decurg din acest dreptRaspunderi cu privire la peroanele aflate la bord, raspunderi cu privire la marfa, raspunderi cu privire la alte nave si instalatii portuare, raspunderi cu privire la poluareInteresul asigurabil, maxima buna credinta, despagubirea, subrogarea
Comandantul va actiona la bordul navei cu toata competenta si puterea fizica la fel cum ar actiona cand nava este exploatata de propriul armatorRegulile YORK-ANVERS si regulile Haga VisbyContractul de navlosire, navlositorul, primitorul, inspectorul P&IBareconSynacomex, Graintime, Baltimore, NubalttimeOrevoy, Genorecon, Nipponore, MurmapatitSynacomex, Grainvoy, BaltimoreIntertankvoy-76, Interconsec-76, Intercoa-80Synacomex, Grainvoy, BaltimoreOrevoy, Stemmor, Nipponore, MurmapatitOrevoy, Genorecon, Nipponore, MurmapatitUnitate de greutate, unitate de voluma list of all cargoes and stores on board prepared by the master before vessel arrives at discharging port for custom and administrative purposes2 ani daca nu este avariatAvarii particulare si avarii dauneIntelegerea intre partiAplicarea lor unui contract nunai daca partile nu au stabilit reglementari prin alte uzante cum ar fi RAFTD-41Orice marfuri cu exceptia marfurilor periculoaseMentiuni facute de comandant referitoare la starea si conditia aparenta a marfiiClauze referitoare la schimbarea portului de incarcareCIF pentru vinzari si FOB pentru cumparari.Se folosesc conosamente CONLINEBILL sau conosamente elaborate de companiile ce deservesc liniile de navigatie"CONLINEBILL" si "COMBIDOC"Lista de incarcare a incarcatorului va cuprinde numerele de identificare pentru toate containerele ce urmeazaa se incarcaMasa pasiva (debitoare) cuprinde toate bunurile salvate (nava, navlu, incarcatura) pentru care participanti la expeditia maritima nu au polite de asigurare sau pe care nu le pot recupera de la partea vinovataExista diferente juridice care nu intereseaza personalul de la bordul naveiRaportul zilnic de lucru al stivatorilor si contractul de navlosireSupune conosamentul fie regulilor de la Haga fie regulilor de la Hamburg in functie de tara in care are loc incarcareaDocumentul care se intocmeste pentru a descrie marfurile de la bord si care este transmis direct de la vama din portul de incarcare la vama din portul de descarcareSuma platibila armatorului de catre navlositor pentru transportul marfurilor la destinatie sau cit mai aproape de destinatieDocumentul intocmit de comandantul navei prin care este descrisa starea marfurilor la descarcareSuma globala pe care o plateste navlositorul armatorului la deadweight-ul maxim la linia de varaDocumentul intocmit de agent care evidentiaza toate evenimentele de la sosirea navei pana la plecarea ei
Unitate de masura pentru volum si greutate egala cu 40 p.c. (1,12m.c.)/2,240 libre folosita in calcularea navlurilor.Pierderea partiala din expeditia maritima, provocata pentru a preveni pierderea intregii expeditii, putind consta din sacrificiul proprietatii sau cheltuieli facute pentru salvarea expeditiei.Atacarea navei de catre persoane inarmate in scopul insusirii prin forta a bunurilor aflate pe nava.Raportul dintre masa creditoare si masa debitoare reprezinta coeficientul de contributieEste contractul prin care un navlositor inchiriaza tot spatial de transport al unei nave exprimat in containere pe care il foloseste pentru transportul marfurilor proprii sau pentru transportul altor marfuriUn document care evidentiaza natura si calitatea marfurilor incarcateSuma platita zilnic de navlositor armatorului pentru perioada de inchiriere a navei.O clauza tiparita in "FORMS OF APPROVED DOCUMENTS" editata de BIMCO si care are un nume de codO placuta fixata permanent intr-un loc vizibil, care certifica construirea containerului conform Conventiei pentru Securitatea ContainerelorDocumentul care evidentiaza curgerea staliilorUn conosament care contine o clauza din care sa rezulte ca marfa nu a fost incarcata in conditii bune.Un document utilizat pentru transportul direct al marfurilor de la cumparator la vinzator Este continuarea contractului cu clauze standard din "FORMS OF APPROVED DOCUMENTS"Document intocmit de agentul navei prin care se evidentiaza momentul si durata contrastaliilor sau despatch-uluiUn agent (cu comision sau remuneratie stabilita) care se ocupa de cumpararea ori vinzarea de bunuri, marfuri, titluri negociabile, sau negociaza rata unui navlu, asigurari, etc. Vinzarile sau negocierile le efectueaza in nume propriuDocumentul prin care se stabilesc drepturile si obligatiile armatorului si navlositorului cu privire la punerea unei nave sau a spatiului de transport al unei nave la dispozitia navlositoruluiUn conosament imbatranit este un termen care nu se foloseste in transportul de marfuri pe mare pe baza de conosamentePersoana fizica sau juridica numita de o autoritate internationala in vederea stabilirii masei pasive si active, precum si a cotelor de participare la avaria comuna.Firmele care angajeaza nave si/sau vagoane pentru transportul marfurilor
Prevederile clauzelor din contractul de navlosire, distanta dintre porturi, natura marfurilor, zona geograficaAsigurarea CASCO si/sau P&ITipul de contract de navlosire utilizatrezistentUn document care face dovada unui contract de transport si a preluarii sau incarcarii marfurilor de catre caraus, prin care carausul se obliga sa livreze marfurile Plata navlului la sosirea navei in ultimul port de descarcare, indiferent de starea marfurilorSarbatoare inseamna duminicile sau alte zile in care conform uzurilor de port lucrul nu se executa.Navlul platit inainte de eliberarea conosamentelor originaleInseamna un port in care, pe timpul respectivei perioade de timp, nava poate intra, ramine sau pleca din el, fara a fi expusa vreunui pericol chiar in imprejurari deosebiteO zi lucratoare pe durata careia se pot executa operatii de incarcare/descarcare permise de uzul portului.NOR poate fi inaintat numai daca nava este in port, dana, a obtinut libera practica si permis vamalconform acestei expresii se remunereaza si situatiile in care nava nu este salvataExpresia se insereaza pentru a anula anumite prevederi ale uzurilor portuare potrivit carora pe vreme nefavorabila curgerea staliilor se intrerupe.In cazul unei avarii comune protestul de mare va contine in mod explicit valoarea masei active si a masei pasive si va face referire la obligatia partilor de a participa la acoperirea avariei comuneAcopera toate eventualele pagube sau avarii produse navei in timpul navigatiei, de greselile Comandantului si/sau echipajuluiTimpul economisit la sfarsitul incarcarii/descarcariiNavlositorul se obliga sa plateasca navlul stabilitDaca carausul si incarcatorul au convenit ca marfurile vor fi sau ar putea fi transportate pe punte, se poate face acest lucru fara inserarea unei mentiuni in acest sens in conosament.Avaria comuna va fi solutionata in conformitate cu regulile YORK - ANVERS 1974.Nava are libertatea sa faca escala in orice port sau porturi in orice ordine, pentru orice scop, sa navige fara pilot, sa remorcheze si/sau sa asiste nave in toate situatiile si de asemenea sa devieze numai in scopul salvarii de vieti omenesti pe mare.Armatorul nu poate sub nici un motiv sa retina marfurile navlositorului.Navlositorul trebuie sa astepte fara nici o pretentie pina cind nava va fi oprita sa incarce.Armatorul are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor dupa ce un tribunal s-a pronuntat in ceeace priveste vina navlositorului pentru neplata navlului, navlului mort si contrastaliilorMarfa sa fie adusa in magaziile navei, incarcata, stivuita si/sau rujata, numarata, amarata si/sau asigurata de catre navlositori fara nici un fel de risc, cheltuiala si raspundere pentru armatoriOrice piese si/sau colete de marfa peste doua tone greutate, vor fi incarcate, stivuite si descarcate de navlositor pe riscul si cheltuiala lor.Un act de avarie comuna este fi reglementat numai Regulile YORK-ANVERS si orice alta prevedere a legislatiei nationale si internationale cu privire la acest aspect este nulaRegulile de la HamburgAsigurari privind avariile la corpul navei in cazul in care acestea nu sunt recuperate de la partea vinovataCaracterul sinalagmatic al unui contract este dat de obligatia partilor de a se achita de raspunderile ce le revin in timpul executarii contractuluiDocumentul de protest legat numai de cazul avariei particulareIn astfel de cazuri navlositorul poate avea optiunea de a rezilia contractul si a incheia altul la o chirie mai redusaMarfurile se trimit pe adresa unui tert, de obicei banca la care Cumparatorul are credit, care nu le expediaza decat dupa incasarea pretuluiNava sa fie etansa si solida cu echipaj complet si competent, cu combustibil adecvat si suficient, harti si documente nautice la ziConosament prin excelenta negociabil, iar comandantul navei este obligat sa predea marfa celui care prezinta conosamentulConosament pe care sunt inscrise cuvintele "to bearer" sau "to holder" fiind un titlu prin excelenta negociabil, indreptatind pe orice detinator al acestuia sa solicite livrarea marfiiConosament prin excelenta negociabil, iar comandantul navei este obligat sa predea marfa celui care prezinta conosamentulSuma de bani platita ca prima de catre armatori navlositorului pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare intr-o perioada de timp mai redusa decat cea alocata prin contractLucrare intocmita de experti numita si Regulamentul avariei comune prin care se stabilesc imprejurarile in care a avut loc un act de avarie comuna precum si consecintele ce decurg din aceastaEvenimente grave produse la bordul navei, cum ar fi incendii, inundarea unor magazii, avarii la motorul principal, pentru care armatorul are dreptul la asigurare si pentru care nu este responsabil.Forma de stabilire a navlului prin care navlositorul plateste navlul pe tona sau pe volumul de marfa incarcataNotificare prin care Comandantul navei ii instiinteaza pe incarcatori sau primitori, in calitatea lor de agenti prezumati ai navlositorului, ca nava este sosita si este gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru a incarca sau descarca marfa in conformitate cu conditiile contractului de navlosireZile care urmeaza una dupa alta.Sunt stalii ce se pot calcula prin raportarea cantitatii de marfa incarcate sau descarcate la o anumita rata de incarcare sau descarcareDaca lucrul este intrerupt din cauza timpului nefavorabil timpul respectiv nu va conta la stalii daca uzurile portului nu prevad altfel.Creditorul preda bancii sale documentele care atesta ca sunt indeplinite obligatiile ce I-au revenit in baza unui contract comercial, banca remite documentele spre incasare altei banci, care la randul ei le inmaneaza Debitorului dupa ce acesta achita contravaloarea lorDecizie a unei instante in legatura cu probleme in care partile nu au ajuns la o intelegere.O persoana fizica sau juridica, care are in proprietate nave pe care le inchiriaza in "time charter"Sacrificiul extraordinar sau cheltuielile extraordinare facute de Comandant intentionat si rational pentru salvarea comuna a navei si a marfii de la un pericol care le ameninta in expeditia maritima si care trebuie suportate de catre partile care au beneficiat de pe urma acestui act, in mod proportional cu valorile salvateAvaria produsa navei sau marfurilor ca urmare a unui pericol maritim, fara a reprezenta vointa unei persoane sau intentia de a savarsi un act in legatura cu aceastaEchiparea unei nave cu tot ce este necesar pentru efectuare unei expeditii pe mare in conditii rezonabile de siguranta. In plus fata de echiparea corespunzatoare a navei, armatorul trebuie sa aiba un echipaj complet si competent, combustibil suficient, provizii suficiente si complete pentru voiaj. Echipamentul navei trebuie sa fie in buna stare, iar daca se transporta marfuri, nava trebuie sa fie corespunzator pregatita pentru transportul marfurilor respectiveNava sa aiba dotarile si echipamentele prevazute de un registru naval recunoscutMarfuri ce se pot schimba unele cu altele, raportul de echivalenta stabilindu-se prin cantarire, numarare, masurare
Marfuri ce se pot schimba unele cu altele, raportul de echivalenta stabilindu-se prin cantarire, numarare, masurareAtunci cand o nava este departe de locul de livrare in momentul incheierii contractului, navlositorul contribuie la cheltuielile de aducere a navei la locul de livrare cu o suma ce este negociata Costul ambalajului se calculeaza separat de cel al marfiiZiua in care este data o notificare si ziua in care expira notificarea se includ in perioada notificata in portul de descarcareSumele pe care navlositorul este obligat sa le plateasca carausului pentru timpul de incarcare/descarcare consumat pe timp favorabilEste orice aranjament, prin care o banca denumita banca emitenta se obliga in numele unui client denumit ordonator sa:-efectueze plata directa sau sa autorizeze efectuarea de plati catre o alta banca, catre un beneficiar indicat de ordonatoru sau; -sa accepte si sa negocieze cambii trase asupra sa de catre tertul indicat.Suma de bani pe care navlositorul agreeaza sa o plateasca armatorului pentru perioada de timp folosita pentru incarcare sau descarcare peste termenul alocat in mod gratuit prin contractul de navlosireSuma platita de armator navlositorului pentru perioada de asteptare in vederea obtinerii danei de operareExpresia "marfuri" cuprinde orice bun material care ar putea constitui obiect de comert pe mare inclusiv animalele vii si marfurile incarcate pe punte.Navlositorul nu are nici o responsabilitate in legatura cu durata operatiunilor.Inseamna o dana la care, pe timpul respectivei perioade de timp, nava poate sa/si ramine sau pleca din ea, in absenta unor intimplari anormale, fara a fi expusa unui pericol care nu poate fi evitat printr-o buna navigatie sau practica marinareasca.Prin marfuri se inteleg orice categorii de bunuri cu exceptia celor care pot prejudicia viata echipajului si siguranta navei.Creditorul preda bancii sale documentele care atesta ca sunt indeplinite obligatiile ce I-au revenit in baza unui contract comercial, banca remite documentele spre incasare altei banci, care la randul ei le inmaneaza Debitorului dupa ce acesta achita contravaloarea lorMasa activa cuprinde toate valorile pierderilor sau daunelor verificate si pentru care cei interesati cu dreptul sa ceara despagubire. Masa activa cuprinde valorile bunurilor pierdute precum si daunele verificate pentru care participantii la expeditia maritima au polita de asigurareNavlosire inseamna un contract pentru transportul marfurilor pe mare pe baza de Ch/P si existenta lui este dovedita prin conosamentul ce se emite dupa incarcarea marfurilor la bordCreditorul preda bancii sale documentele care atesta ca sunt indeplinite obligatiile ce I-au revenit in baza unui contract comercial, banca remite documentele spre incasare altei banci, care la randul ei le inmaneaza Debitorului dupa ce acesta achita contravaloarea lorMarfurile se trimit pe adresa unui tert, de obicei banca la care Cumparatorul are credit, care nu le expediaza decat dupa incasarea pretuluiPerioada de timp agreata de parti in care se va tine nava la dispozitie pentru incarcare/descarcare fara vreo plata suplimentara in afara navluluiUn numar total de zile acordat prin contract atat pentru incarcare cat si pentru descarcareUn notice vizibil exprimat in orice mod de reproducere a cuvintelor; mediul de transmitere va include comunicatiile electronice cum ar fi radiocomunicatiile si telecomunicatiile.Avarii sunt daunele si cheltuielile facute in mod voluntar si constient pentru salvare comuna a navei, navlului si incarcaturiiDespatchul va fi jumatate din contrastalii pentru timpul de lucru salvat la ambele capeteNu se va plati despatchMarfurile se trimit pe adresa unui tert, de obicei banca la care Cumparatorul are credit, care nu le expediaza decat dupa incasarea pretuluiCumparatorul se obliga sa incarce marfa pe navaMarfa poate fi transportata peste mai multe frontiereCifra reprezinta greutatea pe care o suporta in terminal si in magazia navei in timpul marsului fara ca sa se afecteze structura de rezistenta a containeruluiDreptul navlositorului pentru retinerea navei pentru avarii produse de marfurilor transportate.Timpul de stalii este dat de raportul dintre cantitatea de marfa si produsul dintre norma de incarcare/descarcare a marfii pe magazie cu numarul magaziilor navei Daca se lucreaza pe timpul zilelor exceptate, din totalul orele efectiv lucrate conteaza ca stalii jumatate din acesteaTimpul cat vremea impiedica lucrul nu va conta ca staliiD/A-ul in portul/porturile de incarcare va fi suportat de navlositor iar in cele 2 porturi de descarcare va fi suportat de armatorArmatorul nu este raspunzator pentru daune sau avarii produse marfurilor in timpul transportului, pentru aceste riscuri ale unei expeditii maritime exista mecanismul asigurarilorArmatorul are dreptul sa substituie nava cu o nava de aceeasi clasa Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare sunt suportate de armatorCheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul armatoruluiCheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare, stivuire si rujare a marfurilor sunt in contul navlositoruluiDe protejare a armatorului contra consecintelor ce ar rezulta, la livrarea marfurilor in portul de destinatieTransportului si documentelor respective li se vor aplica Regulile de la Hamburg 1978Un loc amenajat special pentru operarea navelor indiferent daca nava este la cheu sau in bazinul portuar.Port inseamna o suprafata in care navele incarca sau descarca marfa fie ca este vorba de dane, zone de ancoraj, balize sau ceva similar si care include locurile uzuale unde navele isi asteapta randul sau primesc instructiuni sau sint obligate sa-si astepte rindul indiferent de distanta de aceasta zona.Perioada continua de 24 oreOrice persoana care,sau in numele careia a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri Clauza obliga pe cumparatorul marfurilor sa le ridice pe cheltuiala sa din portul de descarcare.Clauzele contractuale nescrise care se refera la obligatia armatorului de a asigura nava si marfaUnitatea de masura, locul si momentul determinarii cantitatii, modul de stabilire a cantitatii, documentele care atesta cantitatea marfiiIntrarea/iesirea din time-charter sa se faca conform prevederilor regulilor si reglementarilor BIMCOSa contina detalii referitoare la evenimentul pentru care s-a intocmit protestul de mare cat si o descriere amanuntita a eventualelor daune produseContinutul protestului va fi astfel incat sa satisfaca interesele tuturor participantilor la expeditia maritimaLa extinderea protestului de mare se vor descrie toate sacrificiile si /sau cheltuielile extraordinare rezultate in urma actului de avarie comunaSa faca dovada ca avariile sunt produse din cauza unei forte majoreProprietarul prin experti tehnici face periodic o verificare tehnica a navei si instalatiilor
Nu au nici un fel de valoare juridica deoarece nu poate fi opusa nici fata de incarcatorul care a eliberat-o.Navlul se va plati la livrarea marfurilor, la rata medie de schimb in ziua sau zilele platii.Carausul si nava vor raspunde oricind si oriunde in fata primitorilor pentru integritatea cantitativa si calitativa a marfurilor.Regulile nu se aplica contractelor in baza carora se efectueaza transport de marfuri cu eliberare de B/L.Cind contractul de transport este probat printr-un conosament sau un document similar.Cind partile au convenit acest lucru prin contract.Conosamentul se elibereaza dupa ce carausul, comandantul sau agentul carausului a luat in proprie grija marfurile.Ofiterul de serviciu sau secundul naveiCharter party si conosamentulStivatorii sunt nominalizati de reprezentantii marfurilor ce urmeaza a fi operateDisponent owner-ulSint admise 15 zile consecutive de contrastalii."DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor numai pentru timpul de lucru salvat atat la incarcare cat si la descarcareFara despatch atat la incarcare cat si la descarcareObligatiile armatorului inceteaza la livrarea marfurilor.Cheltuielile legate de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul proprietarului marfiiorice avarie comuna va fi solutionata conform Regulilor York-Anvers.Da cu acordul armatorului"DESPATCH-ul" nu conteaza nici la incarcare nici la descarcarerenegocierea contractului in situatia in care conditiile economice se schimba substantial si partile nu sint de acord ca partea care sufera pierderi poate rezilia contractul.contractele de bareboatComandantul va refuza informarea proprietarului acest lucru constituind o prerogativa a disponent owner-uluio companie de navigatie ce efectueaza servicii de transport pe o anumita relatie deservita de mai multe companii de navigatieDa, cu acordul incarcatoruluiPrimitorul marfii se obliga sa plateasca navlul stabilitVor conta ca stalii acele zile lucratoare de 24 de ore consecutive cu exceptia perioadelor in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile sunt singurul motiv pentru care nu se desfasoara operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcareZilele de stalii se vor conta la rand dar nu se vor lua in calcul sarbatorile locale Vor conta ca stalii acele zile lucratoare cu exceptia perioadelor in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile nu permit desfasurarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcareStaliile alocate sunt x zile consecutive incepand de la ora 00.00 din ziua in care s-a transmis NOR pana la ora 24 in ziua in care au expirat cele x zile alocateVor conta ca stalii acele zile care nu sunt in mod expres excluse din stalii24 de orelegea locului de descarcare a marfurilordaca maxima buna credinta nu este observata la una dintre parti contractul poate fi anulatFCAin situatia in care partile au convenit prin contractul de navlosire sau prin conosament ca avaria comuna va fi reglementata in conformitate cu regula York-Anvers nu pot invoca dispozitii de ordin legislativ sau uzuri comerciale cand avaria nu este prevazuta in regulile I-XXII si avaria se reglementeaza in conformitate cu regulile literareNu se prevede exprescel mai tarziu in ziua lucratoare care urmeaza zilei cand marfurile i-au fost predate de catre caraus.NuDa, daca aceasta a fost expres agreata de catre parti.Da, daca este numit de incarcator.Nu se prevede expresDaDaNu se prevede expresNu se prevede expresmarfurile sunt in grija sa la portul de incarcare, pe timpul transportului si la portul de descarcare.este prevazut in contractul de transport si agreat de caraus.persoana care a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare cu proprietarul marfurilor respective..raspunderea delictualaNu Conosamentul emis la ordinul unei persoane, pentru armatorul navei care transporta marfurile Da
marfurile sunt transportate direct la primitor fara devieriincorporeaza marfa incarcata la bordul navei pentru a fi transportata.constituie o dovada pentru incarcator ca a incarcat marfa.Are valoarea juridica a unui conosament daca este eliberat la interventia armatoruluiin favoarea unei persoane imputernicita sa preia marfurileConosamentul eliberat de proprietarul marfii prin care armatorul se obliga a incarca pe o anumita nava sau pe una din navele sale, marfurile luate in custodie, pe raspunderea sa de la incarcator, spre a le transporta intr-un anumit port BIMCO si FIATAClauze de razboiArmatorului si primitoruluicontractul dintre armator si navlositor prin care navlositorul inchiriaza nava si serviciile echipajului pe o perioada determinata sau nedeterminataImediat ce au expirat staliile daca acestea expira intr-o zi lucratoareDaca nava face reparatii la capacele magaziei in care ar fi trebuit sa se efectueze operatiuni de incarcareTinandu-se cont de zilele de sarbatoare si de cele in care vremea nefavorabila impiedica operatiunile de incarcareatit o mare firma de asigurari cit si o bursa de asigurariContainerelor utilizate in transportul naval si autoDin punct de vedere legal/administrativ Comandantul se subordoneaza armatorului iar din punct de vedere comercial navlositorului
Avaria comuna exista cind si numai atunci cind are loc un act voit si constient al comandantului si/sau al echipajului in scopul salvarii marfurilor de la bordul navei de o forta majora.Angajarea FIOS scade valoarea navlului, costul incarcarii/descarcarii fiind suportat de navlositorPrin scrisori de protest adresate celor interesati cand operatiunile se prelungescDaca contractul nu prevede altfel poate exploata nava numai in "voyage charter" si cu acordul armatorului in Time CharterPoate fi scrisa de mina, tiparita in facsimil, aplicata prin perforare sau stampilare, se poate prezenta sub forma de simbol sau sa fie aplicata prin orice mijloace mecanice sau electronice, legale.O banca nu are competenta de a face referiri la un conosament clauzat de catre comandantTimpul de stalii va depinde de cit se opereaza zilnic pe fiecare magazie conform uzurilor portului.Se calculeaza conform uzurilor portuareDocumentul intocmit de ofiterul maritim I si inminat autoritatilor portuare prin care se afirma ca nava este sosita este gata de incarcare(descarcare) si poate incepe incarcarea intr-o anumita perioada de timp.Asigurarea marfurilor si echipajului este asigurarea CASCO.Caracterul consensual inseamna acordul vanzatorului si cumparatorului pentru rezolvarea unor eventuale litigii prin arbitraj internationalVanzatorul se obliga sa livreze marfurile in cantitatea si calitatea stabilita si sa-I transfere cumparatorului dreptul de proprietate cu toate prerogativele saleSint definite conform celor inscrise in uzul portului.Conosamentul este o dovada imposibil de necontestat ca marfurrile au fost preluate sau incarcate la bord in cantitatea si starea si conditia aparenta mentionata in conosamentProprietarul legitim al conosamentului poate vinde sau transferea proprietatea asupra marfurilor, le poate depune drept garantie sau poate ob'ine credite chiar daca marfurile se afla pe mare Conosamentul fara rezerve ale comandantului in ceea ce priveste starea marfurilor incarcate.Transferarea unor marfuri de la vinzator la cumparator in concordanta cu acordul lor si uzantele uniforme internationale.Inseamna zile excluse de la contrastalii si timp economisitSe alatura protestului de mare raportul de expertiza al dispasorului, denumit dispasaConventia internationala pentru Securitatea ContainerelorCerere de spatiuChiria se plateste la fiecare zece zile calendaristiceDaca NOR s-a transmis in zilele lucratoare in timpul orelor oficiale de birou pana la ora 12.00, staliile incep sa conteze in aceeasi zi de la ora 14.00, iar daca NOR s-a transmis, in zilele lucratoare in orele oficiale de birou, dupa ora 12.00 staliile incep sa conteze din ziua urmatoare neexeptata, de la ora 08.00Staliile vor incepe sa conteze la 8 ore dupa ce nava este gata, din toate punctele de vedere, de incarcare sau descarcare si NOR a fost transmisSa inlocuiasca nava cu o nava "sora", fara a afecta interesele navlositoruluiArmatorul este obligat sa astepte plata navlului pana in ultimul port de descarcares-a mentionat in conosament ca marfurile erau in stare aparent bunaIn zilele de sambata si duminica se vor conta ca stalii doar perioadele de timp in care se lucreaza efectivVa soma navlositorul sa remedieze imediat defectiunile constatate sau in situatii grave va rezilia contractulNavlositorul poate incarca doar marfuri similare cu marfa mentionata in contract si aflate in starea si conditia uzuala din portul de incarcare9000 USD72 de ore de la primirea notificariiarmatorul este responsabil pentru transport marfurilor pina la destinatia finala Bucurestiaceasta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care ajunge in locul din care se ia uzual pilot pentru a intra in portul Constantaaceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ajunge in locul din care se ia uzual pilot pentru a intra in portul respectivaceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ajunge in locul din care se ia uzual pilot pentru a intra in portul Constanta
conosament la purtatorDaca marfurile angajate nu au sosit la incarcare cand sunt cerute de comandant se va trece peste el si se va pretinde navlu mortNoua data de reziliere a contractului este stabilita la 7 zile data de reziliere a contractului mentionata in contractPerioadele de timp, in care nava nu lucreaza datorita faptului ca instalatiile de cheu nu functioneaza si in care ploua se conteaza ca staliiPerioadele de timp, in care nava nu lucreaza datorita faptului ca instalatiile de cheu nu functioneaza si in care ploua se conteaza ca staliiNava trebuie sa fie capabila sa incarce pana la 5250 de tone deoarece armatorul a acceptat acest lucru prin contractTimpul utilizat suplimentar in portul de incarcare se scade din timpul de stalii alocat in portul de descarcare14,4$ USDif indeterminate laydays have been agreed and reasonable time for loading or discharging has expiredpot fi intocmite fie pe voiaj fie pe timpPentru a avea o suma din care va opri cat este necesar in eventualitatea ca dupa intocmirea time-sheet-ului va rezulta despatchDe catre comandantul navei sau orice alt ofiter de la bordul navei.De regulile de la HamburgCargo , P and I, F.P.A. si W.P.A.An original bill of ladingallowing bad weather time to be deducted from the laytimeship's cranes are damaged and owners do not agree to pay for shore cranesper weather working day or pro ratanext working day after laytime expiresonly if charterparty contains a special provisionDoar daca in contractul de navlosire exista o prevedere in acest sensDin mai multe reguli care pot fi completate dupa caz cu prevederi specifice fiecarui transport pe mare.Clauze de greva, razboi si inghetDaca are acordul proprietarului poate numi comandantPoate garanta cu nava daca valoarea navlului incasat in viitoarea calatorie are valoare mai mare decat navaYes, they have an insurable interest in respect of their wagesThrough Bill of Lading?Yes, he has a lien on cargo General Average contributions, no matter if cargo is or not in his possesionclose to perfect competitive modelIn aprecierea caracterului restrictiv al mentiunilor facute pe conosament trebuie sa se aiba in vedere daca sunt afectate interesele cumparatoruluiConosamente cu transbordare si conosamente "ON BOARD"Da, cu conditia ca scrisoarea sa fie depusa la o banca credibila.In fullelementul de avarie comunaAmbalaj corespunzator marfurilor transportate pe marePlata navlului dupa semnarea conosamentelor si inmanarea lor comandantului95% din navlu se va plati dupa semnarea, eliberarea conosamentelorCa nava va opera cat de repede poate ponta marfa, echipajulif wind force is below 7 on Beaufort Scaleit is required that reasons for off-hire are mentioned in an off-hire clauseshared between owners and charterersissuing bills of ladingfreight market is expected to decreaseper cargo measurement or volumeper gross or net tonnageat master's riskbill of lading relating to carriage of goods between ports in two different states if carriage is from one port in a contracting statefrom taking that cargo into owners custody at load port to tackle at discharging portwhen carriage is covered by a seawaybillto carriage of goods by seaParamount clause is incorporated into Bill of Ladingthey are considered as not beeing there, but they will be taken into consideration if without them one or more clauses are not making sense
They are equally shared by all parties to the common adventure, each contributing with the same percentage from the loss involvedthey are entitled to a commission, called brokerage, from the gross freight or hire earned, which is normally paid by the shipownersBy inserting a Lien Clause in the contract of carriage expressly stating that he has a lien for these amountsBy checking the wording of the charterparty to see if it is a port charterparty or a berth charterparty and checking the ship's positionby inserting into charterparty a drydocking clauseby entering their ships with a P&I clubThe holder of the bill of lading can deliver it to another person for some valuable consideration and in this way the ownership of the goods is transferredA working day is a day when work is carried outA holiday is any day of the week including the normal weekly day(s) of rest, or part thereof, when by local law or practice the relevant work during what would otherwise be ordinary working hours is not normally carried outLaytime is claculated according with custom of the portAbove expression shall mean a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in progress.hire is paid at the end of each period agreed by both partiesHire is ussualy paid in 5 days after owners require paymentDay shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted pro rata.Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted pro rata.a period of months or even yearsAs many as the master decides and his decision is finalas many as required to complete loading operation as long charterers pay demurrageforthteenOnly one original bill of lading can be issued, all other bills should marked "Copy non negotiable", in order to protect the true holder of the bills of ladingif bill of lading is marked "freight prepayable"by discharging the cargo using crew services if the vessel call countries where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian countries, Australia etc.)he should contact immediately the owners and wait for their decisionvessel is employed without charterpartiesCharterers have the option to declare the vessel total lossit is in the hands of a bona fide third partythe charterer has to load the vessel up to her deadweight cargo capacity while the shipowner guarantee that vessel will load at least minimum quantity without requiring more than maximum quantity mentionedwill be operated at one good safe berth which is always afloat and where cargo holds should be always accessibleit is impossible to safely carry them up to final destinationlaytime will start once loading or discharging operation commencesshould continue loading operation and if cargo can not be loaded he will hand to the shippers a deadfreight letterstop the vessel outside the port and ask for a new bill to be issuedmaster has to prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive confirmation from the charterers that they have paid the freightexactly the same remarks on the face of the Bill of Ladinga "without prejudice" notice is requiredmaster is not under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person before all original bills of lading are presented to himUSD 15 per metric tonUSD 14,4$ per metric toninsurance companycharterers have to pay only for sound cargo delivered and balance can be kept as guarantee for settlement of damageshe is required to wait a reasonable period of time and after that he can sail to the next port of callactual time used will count if the vessel is employed on condition SSHEX EIU, if there is a provision that time used before commencement of laytime will countowners are entitled to demurrage only after expiry of laytimetime chartereronce the vessel is berthed at berth 35 at Constanta portthey are shared between shipowners and charterersemployement of FILO termsboth owners and charterers have fulfiled their obligation if a cargo corectly stowed fills in both vessels deadweight cargo capacity or volumetric capacitythe master can tender NOR on 10th December after passhing hold inspectionshould comply with charterers request as vessel can not loadto carry on his activities as a prudent uninsured personowners are not under any circumstances responsible as the cargo was delivered in the same good order and condition
owners can not be responsible if they prove that in fact cargo was damaged prior to shipmentdate of sailing from loading portUSD 36,000USD 30,000USD 15,000USD 15,000value mentioned on the insurance policyowners are not entitled to freight, as freight is only payable at destinationvessel will be delivered when she gets out of commercial, fiscal and administrative area of the port of Sulinavessel will be delivered when she arrives at Constanta Pilot Stationvessel will be delivered when she pass Constanta Pilot Station on her way out of the portif the vessel is employed of liner in and liner out termsNo, without a signature it can not be a valid insurance policyowners are obliged to deliver the goods at destination if bill of lading is in the hands of an innocent third partyNOR can be tendered by regular mail from last port of callGeneral average is always settled in accordance with the latest version of York-Antwerp rulesThe cargo owners will neither contribute to General Average or receive contribution from the other parties to the adventure if their cargo is lost or is saved during a Gereal Average operationcharterers have the right to decide what method is to be usedP&I Deviation Clauseexportersshipowners will cover cargo loading expenses while charterers will cover all cargo discharging expensescharterersboth shipowners and charterersonly actual time used on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays will count as laytimemaster has prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive confirmation from the charterers that they have paid the freightcharterers will cover all cargo loading and discharging expensesit is for the arbitrators to decide which terms have priority of interpretationthe owners have the option of keeping the charter valid and ask for a higher freightif work is carried out for a certain number of hours during an excepted day, only actual time used shall count as loading or discharging timeSundays and holidays are counted as laytimeSundays and holidays are not counted as laytimehalf of the shifting time is counted as laytimehalf of the shifting time is counted as laytimegross weighton lowest between the quantity ascertained at loading and the quantity ascertained at discharging portthe charterer has the liberty to load any similar cargo as long as the cargo stowage factor is not higher than the stowage factor of the cargo mentioned in the charter-party and it is not dangerous for ship, crew and the other cargo on boardfreight is payable only if the vessel and/or cargo is lost after release of bill of ladingif work is carried out for a certain number of hours during an excepted day, all day shall count as loading or discharging timetime lost due to lack of cargo will not be counted as laytime if it is rainningtime lost due to lack of cargo will not be counted as laytime if it is rainningthe owners may be liable for missdeliveryagainst a non negotiable copy of the bill of ladinginsurers' surveyor and possibly class surveyor, would normally attend the vessel before she departs for repair porthe is responsible for any cargo damage, no matter how it was causedthe carrier is bound to issue a bill of lading before vessel arrives at discharging portmaster do not release the cargo before charaterer instruct him to do solaytime is calculated based on charterers right to average laytimethere is no restriction on bill of lading formtranshipment is allowed only if it is done at usual transhipments portscarrier is under an obligation to transport the cargo up to its final destination, Bucharestdepends on charter-party terms and conditionsshipowners for P&I insurance and charterers for H&M insurance
only to first and second voyagegeneral average chargesonly at first port, if there is only one chartererto present for loading a seaworthy ship and in every way fit for the voyagecarriers right in respect of deck cargothe maritime administation of the flag stateMarfa va fi incarcata, stivuita si rujata pe cheltuiala vinzatorului.Stalii calculate conform contractului de vanzare cumparareorice pierdere, alta decit o pierdere totalaAspectele legate de echipaj si porturile de escala Bruto/nettoDEQDESpe parcursul voiajului unul dintre marinari lasa din neglijenta o lampa aprinsa in magazia navei 2 a navei si o parte din marfa este avariataatunci cind nava necesita reparatii destul de mari si asiguratorii nu vor sa le platescaNava are la bord marfuri perisabile, instalatiile frigorifice nu functioneaza si nu se poate lua legatura cu incarcatorul pentru instructiuniConosamentul sau alt document care face dovada contractului de transport pe mare este "clean".the first consignee is always the notify party and arrival notices should be given to himHague-Visby Rules apply even if carriage from port A to port B is covered by two ladings bills of ladinguse his correct draft survey figures to show the true quantity loaded only if the bill of lading is in the hands of a bona fide third partythe time charter ownersAll remarks must be included into the Bills of LadingThe master can release the cargo against full set of original bills of ladingSe pot elibera numai 3 copii nenegociabilemomentul de incepere al anului politei este mereu acelasi 20 Februarie, ora 12.00 GMTse impart intre armatori si navlositoriarmatorul va primi navlul atit in functie de numarul de voiaje efectuate de nava cit si in functie de durata aceastoraArmatorul este responsabil pentru orice avarie a marfurilor indiferent de cauza care a produs-ocel mai probabil se va considera ca navlositorul din contractul de navlosire pe timp este carausArmatorul este responsabil daca marfurile se avariaza din orice cauzaarmatorul nu poate fi in nici un caz responsabil deoarece marfa a fost livrata in aceeasi stare si contie aparenta in care a fost incarcataarmatorul nu poate fi responsabil deoarece marfa era avariata inainte de incarcare si armatorul nu a observat acest lucruNavlositorul plateste navlul integral doar pentru marfa sosita in conditii bune si diferenta o pastreaza ca garantienava nu are la bord sef mecanic atunci cind navlositorul ordona navei sa paraseasca portul respectivAtat disponent owner-ul cat si proprietarul naveiEste imposibil de efectuat transportul acestor marfuri in sigurantaSe vor semna numai cu acordul navlositoruluiRegulile de la HamburgCand a fost prezentat de catre incarcatorii conosamentul originalnu exista nici un fel de restrictii asupra formei conosamanetuluinava efectuaza transporturi fara a avea incheiate contracte de navlosireNumarul de conosamente originale este de 3 (trei) indiferent de cerintele incarcatorului.on both number of voyages performed and their durationeste acela de marfa ce satisface deadweight-ul net al naveiNavlositorul - chiriasToate ordinele armatorului in ceea ce priveste nava si echipajulTaxele de tranzitare prin canale/stramtori sunt platite numai de navlositor pe toata durata time-charter-uluiin proportie de 75 % de asiguratii H & M si 25% de asiguratorii P&Ithe safety of both: ship and cargoBill of ladingPe cea mai mica dintre cantitatile incarcat-transportata-livrataPe greutatea neta
transbordarea este permisa doar daca se efectueaza in porturi bine cunoscute de transbordareLa semnarea si eliberarea conosamentuluiDoar in porturi de descarcaredoar in primul port de incarcare si in primul port de descarcareDupa descarcareDupa descarcarepierderile cauzate de pericole maritimeasigurarea se reinoieste dupa obtinerea noilor certificate de clasa in aceleasi conditiinava trebuie relivrata cu aproximativ aceeasi cantitate de combustibil ca la livrarenu este obligatorieel are dreptul de a demonstra contradiul in situatia in care conosamentul de afla in posesia unui tert de buna credintacaraus si orice posesor al conosamentului cu exceptia navlositoruluiSe determina de in functie de potentialul de piata al navei la momentul in care acestea se producconosamentul ce se va emite trebuie sa contina aceste remarcicomandantul poate elibera marfa doar daca se prezinta toate exemplarele originale in care s-a emis conosamentulcomandantul trebuie sa elibereze marfurile doar daca se prezinta toate exemplarele originalesa-si conduca afacerile ca si cind ar fi o persoana prudenta nesiguratacomandantul poate elibera marfa si pe baza unei copii a conosamentului originalTrebuie sa se incarce pana la capacitatea maxima de incarcare cu deosebirea ca armatorul garanteaza ca va incarca cel putin cantitatea minima si nu va solicita mai mult decat cantitatea maximaDespatch-ul se plateste pentru timpul de la momentul finalizarii operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare pana in momentul teoretic la care staliile ar fi trebuit sa expireonly after delivery of the goods at port of dischargeinnominate termsa company which is operating scheduled liner services between designated ports and maintain fixed freight rates for a long period of timeNava va fi programata de autoritati sa opereze la dana in ordinea sosirii in port si inaintarii NOR, cand portul este congestionat.that demurrage is half of despatch and it will be calculated for all time saved at both loading and discharging portsthat despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for weather working time saved at both loading and discharging portsthat at both loading and discharging port there will be no despatch payable to the charterersthe first trial voyagea ship was badly damaged and underwriters do not consider worth to spend money on repairsif he fails to report accidents immediatelywhen a ship or cargo is sunk in the water so deep that it would be technically impossible to recover the propertyP&I clubs are involved in salvage cases if there is risk of pollutionafter wind and/or sea conditions the ship have encountered may have damaged the cargoafter every case of General Averagewhen stevedores are damaging the shipDESDEQduring the voyage one of the seamen forget a light turned on inside the hold and the cargo is partly damagedvessel has unproperly qualified master or officersvessel has on board refrigerating cargoes, ships refrigerating machines do not work and master is unable to get instructions from shippersconsecutive voyage charter-partiesO inspectie de intrare denumita "on hire survey"International Chamber of Commerce, PARISDaDaNuNuNu, daca s-a depus o scrisoare de garantieDa, daca nu are acordul incarcaturuluiacela ca se remunereaza si operatiunile de prevenire si reducere a poluarii mediului marin chiar daca operatiunea nu este incununata de succesAnul de livrare a naveicomisionul solicitat de armator si necesar pentru incheierea tranzactiei de navlosire a navei sau pentru procurarea de navlu partial.
Carausul cunoaste de la inceput persoana careia ii va remite marfurile si fata de care isi va executa obligatiileArmator, navlositor, brokerIn sarcina disponent owner-ului ambele forme de asigurareChiriasului naveiNavlositoruluiPastreaza controlul navei atat din punct de vedere legal, cat si din punct de vedere comerciallegal si comercialarmatorul naveiincarcatorul marfiiincarcatorul marfii18 ore consecutiveincarcatorul marfiiArmatorului-navlositorarmatorul sau chiriasul naveichiriasul naveiarmatorului sau chiriasului naveiArmator-navlositor si carausproprietarului marfurilornavlositorului - chiriasProprietarului naveiProprietarului naveiInseamna portul strict in conformitate cu regulile stabilite de navlositorpentru primul si al doilea voiajYes, always vessel will be delivered dirty as she would be in the same condition if she was under a voyage charter employementthe disponent owner can borrow money and mortgage the ship only if the next freight is higher than the loanNo, many sellers employ a freight forwarder to organise the shipmentTratatele internationale, uzurile si uzantele uniforme internationale, sistemul de drept ales de parti si clauzele inscrise in mod consensual in contractnu elibereaza marfurile pina la instructiunile navlositoruluiLa 850 DST pe colet sau alta unitate de transport si 3,5 DST pe kgLa de doua ori si jumatate valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere;LINNER TERMSSa rezilieze contractulArmatorul si navlositorul in proportii egalesa depuna un protest notarului local cu privire la starea marfurilor sau a ambalajelor.Conosamentul (B/L)Stevedore damage clausescan only be accepted if shippers or charterers or receivers bank sign theman oligopolistic marketUnui conosament originalboth an insurance company and an insurance exchangeLIFO termsLIFO termsMarfuri omogene, ambalate si de dimensiuni mai reduse, satisfacand partial, ele singure capacitatea de incarcare a unei naveiMarfuri omogene, ambalate si transportate in loturi destul de mari pentru a satisface capacitatea de incarcare a naveiEgala cu navlul suplimentar ce ar fi fost obtinut daca s-ar fi incarcat cantitatea minima de marfa din care se scad cheltuielile suplimentare ce ar fi fost efectuate de catre armator daca s-ar fi incarcat cantitatea minima de marfa mentionata in contractpierderea, daca exista, pe care a suferit-o salvatorulHamburg Rules0,10 milioane dolari0,10 milioane dolariAs fast as the vessel can receive or deliverNavlul platit armatorului daca nu se incarca toata cantitatea de marfa mentionata in contractDespagubirea pe care o primeste armatorul pentru neincarcarea de catre navlositor a cantitatii minime de marfa mentionata in contract
Suma de bani pe deplasament pe lunaSuma de bani dependenta de mai multi factor variabiliDoar in prima zi a L/C daca acesta nu este o zi de sarbatoareCambia este un document prin care incas-oul documentar poate fi utilizat in platile internationale5750 USDNavlositorul din contractul de navlosire pe timpNava se afla in buna stare de navigabilitate in orice imprejurare deoarece buna stare de navigabilitate nu se refera la compatibilitatea marfurilor11 zile 14 ore 24 minute14 zile 12 ore6 zile 8 ore5 zile si 22 oremin/max 33,000 metric tonsreparatiile temporare9200 tone10,000 tone10,600 toneIn momentul in care ajunge in rada portului GalatiIn momentul in care nava este acostata la dana 35 din Portul ConstantaIn momentul in care nava este acostata la dana 35 din Portul Constantanu se poate stabili din aceste date daca este sau nu un caz de avarie comuna deoarece nu stim ce alte persoane mai aveau interes in finalizarea expeditiei maritimeAre de efectuat reparatii in magaziiaceste marfuri pot fi aruncate peste bord in orice imprejurare deoarece ele nu se incarca in mod uzual pe punterequired to ask charterers for instructions and in case no instructions received to proceed to the nearest safe portrequired to ask charterers for instructions and in case no instructions received to proceed to the nearest safe portParties to a common adventure contribute to General Average according to their sound market value at the time of general average actdrafted some clauses with options and parties only choose the option they needdetailed report prepared by the master at discharging port to explain why there are discrepancies in the form of over, short and damaged cargo as compared to the bill of ladingcostul unitar pe tona de marfa transportata se mentine constanteste necesar ca motivele pentru care nava este off-hire sa fie continute intr-o clauza specialaNu se limiteaza la nici o prevederese estimeaza ca navlurile vor scadeaSe conteaza ca stalii doar daca exista o prevedere contractuala in acest sensSe conteaza ca stalii doar daca exista o prevedere contractuala in acest sensoligopolOrice avarie care nu este avarie comuna si are loc in imprejurari fortuite, avind drept cauza forta majora.Ca nava va incarca o marfa ce respecta toate tratatele internationaleca nava poate transporta armament si munitie daca ele nu sunt in mod expres excluse prin contractTimpul efectiv lucrat in zilele exceptate se va conta ca stalii, daca staliile au inceputSe plateste navlul doar daca nava a ajuns in portul de destinatie si este gata de livrarese plateste navlul doar daca nava a ajuns in portul de destinatie si este gata de livrareSunt satisfacute atat interesele armatorului cat si ale navlositorului deoarece armatorul primeste o despagubire, iar navlositorul finalizeaza operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcareTotalitatea cheltuielilor pe care armatorul le efectueaza cu marfa atunci cand este nevoit sa puna sechestru pe marfuri datorita faptului ca navlositorul nu si-a indeplinit o obligatie contractualaReprezinta perioada de timp cat alocata prin contractul de navlosire armatorului pentru a finaliza operatiunile de incarcare si sau descarcare si pentru care el nu plateste penalitatiVanzatorului marfiibe considered General Average since the danger of cargo damage is real and substantialNava poate transporta prin constructie marfuri pe punteIn documentul de transport este incorporata Clauza ParamountNu se prevede expres.acestea nu au fost livrate in termen de 45 de zile consecutive de la expirarea termenului de livrare.835 de unitati de cont pe colet sau alta unitate de transport, sau 3,5 unitati de cont pe kilogram de greutate bruta a marfurilor pierdute sau avariate, oricare din ele este mai nmare.de trei ori valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere.Portul de descarcare se afla inscris in conosament.
NuLa toate contractele de transport pe mare intre doua state diferite daca plata navlului se face in momentul livrarii marfii.Camera de Comert International de la PARISCostul marfurilor in conditiile de livrare la poarta fabricii pana la poarta cumparatoruluiRegula de interpretare, regulile numerice I-XXII avand caracter de principii generale, regulile literale A-G referitoare la cazuri practice de avarie comunaIn cazul ca incarcatura garanteaza pentru marfa printr-o scrisoare de garantie acoperita de o banca, remarcile nu se mai transfera pe conosamenteare included into bill of lading if letter of credit allow themagreements voluntarily entered in to to tow vessels broken down that are not in dangerse pot accepta doar daca sunt contrasemnate de catre reprezentatii primitoruluipot fi acceptate intotdeauna deoarece astfel armatorul este exonerat de raspundere pentru orice litigiu ce poate sa apara din aceasta cauza$ 0.3 milion$ 0.3 milionAgentul navei si este contrasemnat de comandantul navei si companiile de stivatori ca prepusi ai incarcatorilor/primitorilordocument drawn up by ship's agent and signed by master and stevedoring company which details the time worked together with the laytime used and compare the latter with time allowedship's agent and is coutersigned by the stevedoring company and the masteril informati pe armator despre acest lucru si numai daca armatorul isi da acordul puteti accepta serviciul de salvareOrce persoana de catre care sau in numele careia sau din autorizarea careia s-a incheiat cu carausul un contract de transport de marfuri pe marethe level of maintenance of machinery and equipmentsAs fast as the vessel can receive or deliverSeawaybill is used only in container tradeship's stability require some cargo to be loaded on deckto contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar ducument of title, in so far as the as such documents refer to carriage of goods by seaIf a bill of lading in respect of cargo which should have been shipped on deck does not clearly mention the deck carriage on its faceby deducting from extra income that could have been obtained if charterers were loading minimim quantity they were under an obligation to load the extra expenses owners would have made to obtain that incomeusually sets out some fairly basic provisions about carriage but otherwise incorporating in general terms, some or all of the provisions of a pre-existing agreementloading and discharging charges are almost always for owners accountlaytime usually commences on expiration of a certain number of days after tendering notice of readinessis the servant of both owners and charterersCalculate correctly the looses each party have suffered in a general average incident or accidentthe risk and danger to the property saveddespatch for laydays savedchange, supension, discontinuance or withdrawal of class by the classification societystates that the rules are always applicable in a General Average incidents or accidentsShifting timeis counted as laytime only if there is a special provision in charterepartyto take property for a short timeca un act sau o omisiune a primitorului marfurilor.Se estimeaza ca intre euro si dolar se va mentine aproximativ acelasi raport de schimbdocumentul fractionat este eliberat de posesorul legitim al conosamentului la solicitarea armatoruluiEste detinut de comandantul naveiTime Charter for one voyageeste interzis a efectua astfel de operatiuni fara acordul asiguratorului deoarece asigurarea navei poate fi anulataHAGAGENEVA/1980La autoritatea competenta cea mai apropiata de locul producerii evenimentuluiPe piata de valori mobiliare cand sunt intocmite la ordinwhere the circumstances, terms and conditions under which the carriage is to be performed are such as reasonably to justify a special agreement.Charter-party contains a clause stating that stowage is done under master's responsibilityact, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the cargodangers and accidents of the sea or other navigable watersquarantine regulationsthe incident which leads to general average is not the result of a fault
there must be a perilwhere there is a statement on the face of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods are shipped on deck, even if the goods are, in fact stowed under deckMaster will issue a second set of bills of lading if the shippers are promising to return the first set.York-Antwerp Rulesduring loading part of the cargovaloarea de piata a navei inainte de scufundaregreutatea ce poate fi stivuita intr-un container.bareboat charter-partiesputting into a port of refuge to effect some minor repairsA set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the obligations and rights of the shipper and receiver in international sale of goods transactionsthe owners will put charterers on notice to rectify deficiences and if same are not rectified will withdraw the vessel from charterers serviceforced salvageMate's receiptGeneral Average Securityto mediate matters in dispute between two parties to a shipping-related contract, as an alternative to litigationto supervise performance of agreements between shipowners and charterersRAFTDpossessory lien is dependent on possession of the property whereas maritime lien is not dependent on possessionTo offer member shipowners and operators alternative to their hull and machinery policies and to help them reduce insurance costsvoyage coststo be lightThe seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss or of damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when goods pass the ship's rail at the discharging portThe seller must bear all costs while the buyer must bear all risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail at the loading port (Constanta)property liensshe can either reputiate the contract or claim damagesshe can either repudiate the contract or claim damagesA clear description of on-hire and off-hire procedureThey would be deprived of all defences under the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as common law, to liability for cargo loss, damage and delay, and would consequently be greatly exposed to claimsYork Antwerp Ruleson voyage and time charter marketsbareboat policypartial lossespayable as per charter-partydespatch for all time saved is always lower than despatch for working time savedunit cost is not dependent on deadweightResult of a laytime calculation can either be positive or negative depending who is calculatingThey should send to the charterers at least 3 notifications after due date and if the charterers do not pay, owners can withdraw the vessel from time charterers' servicehe should send letters of protest to all parties involvedAny cargoes the vessel is built to carry as long as they are not dangerouscover against liability for general average chargescover against three-fourths of liability to owners of cargoes on board vessels with which his ship collidesall expenses incurred by the carrier to protect the cargo if he is forced to put lien on cargo at discharging port due to non receipt of freight and demurrage at loading or discharging portsIt means that if the vessel is far away from delivery point charterers agree to compensate owners for all expenses for the long ballast trip up to delivery pointIt means that separate calculations are to be made for loading and discharging and that any time saved in one operation is to be set off against any excess time used in the otherIt means that the vessel can carry cargoes that can be loaded, carried and discharged without breaking the regulations of all ports the vessel would call before arriving at discharging portaccording with this clause the cargo is sold on "as is" basisaccording with this clause the cargo is sold on "as is" basisaccording with this clause the cargo is sold on "as is" basisA bill of lading not mentioning anything abouth the consignee and where the holder can insert his name and thereafter give orders in respect of cargo deliveryit means that the vessel has to wait for berthing a certain period of time, and this time is not counted as laytimeA "bearer" bill of lading is a bill of lading issued to order of a not named or named entity (bank, consignee, shipper) which can give orders for delivery to third partythe fact that water density at respective port of call is variable
it means that owners have the right to nominate agents that will be appointed by the charterers at loading and discharging portsIt means that owners have the option to redeliver the vessel not cleaned against payment of a lumpsum amountIt means that in case some periods are excluded from laytime and work is carried out during this period actual time used will not count as laytimeIt means that if no loading or discharging berth is reachable on her arrival the vessel, on reaching any usual waiting-place at or off the port, shall be entitled to tender notice of readiness from it and laytime shall commence in accordance with the charter party.It means that the vessel can tender the notice of readiness even if free practique has not been obtainedIt means that the vessel can only tender the notice of readiness if coustom formalities have been completedIt means that master can tender notice of readiness if the vessel is not within the port limits, but she can arrive at usual waiting place or where she will be ordered by port authorities within maximum 2 hoursIt means that notice of readiness can be tendered if the vessel is within the port limits or at usual waiting place or where she was ordered by port authorities no matter if she is in a berth of not but free practice and custom clearance has been obtainedIt means that laytime for loading or disching is calculated by division of quantity of cargo loaded or discharged to the agreed loading or discharging rateThe period during which the ship is obliged by the charterparty to present herself at the loading port, and during which the charterers are obliged to accept the ship for loading.An agreed amount calculated by multiplying vessel deadweight with a unit freightA bill of lading not mentioning anything abouth the consignee and where the holder can insert his name and ask for delivery of cargoIt means that the days specified count as laytime only if loading or discharging is carried out on them.a preloading survey of the cargoa delivery certificate confirming date and time of hand-over, bunkers on board and conditions of holds/tankscompensation for exposure to the one fourth of collision liability that London hull and machinery underwriters traditionally do not coverProtection from exposure to the one fourth of collision liability that London hull and machinery underwriters traditionally do not coverIt means that the vessel should have at least 2 holds ready for loading on berthinglossescargoworthinessCargo is delivered to the receiversNo further Notice of Readiness is required as anyhow time lost will not countoff hire surveyon hire surveya system of stabilizing the freight when there are sudden and unexpected changes in the bunker consumptiona system of protecting the owners against sudden and unexpected changes in the exchange rate of currency the owners earn their freighta fotuitous partial loss caused by a peril insured againstA notice given to the charterer, shipper, receiver or other persons as required by the charterparty that the vessel has arrived at the port or berth and is ready to load or discharge as the case may be.one or more clauses agreed between shipowners and charterers after signature of a charter-partythe bank is only paying part of the letter of credit amount and keeping the balance as guaranteea fixed premium paid for entering the vessel in to a P&I Cluba person who agrees to carry goods from one place to anothera document containing the express terms of an agreement for the charter of a ship.A bill of lading used only when the vessel is employed on a charterparty clearly mentioning that all bills will be subject to charterpartyAn agreement between a charterer and a shipowner, for the carriage of a large quantity of named goods between specific places, over a specified period of time, by vessels of a type and size specified by the charterers, but which are nominated b the ownerseither a voyage charter or a time charter agreementa variable amount which is deducted from any insurance claim paid by the insurera compulsory excess applied by the club, so that the owner has to bear the first part of each claim himselfA bill of lading which contains remarks about the defective order or condition or shortage of the goods loadedA bill of lading which contains remarks about the defective order or condition or shortage of the goods loadeda firm specialising in the export and/or import of goods on behalf of exporters or importer and is usually acting as a shipperA general average act is any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure that is voluntarily and reasonably incurred in time of peril for the purpose of preserving the property from peril in a common adventurea person usually appointed by shipowners or insurers for calculation of losses involved in a maritime disaster and contribution of each party involved in the common adventureA partial loss incurred through a deliberate act performed with the intention of protecting all the interests involved in a voyage from a danger which threatens them allAn undertaking issued by an insurer, on behalf of the buyer, to the seller (exporter), to pay for goods, provided that the seller presents documents which comply fully with the terms and conditions of the letter of credita carrier who reduce his liability by contracting out of Hague or Hague Visby obligationsa berth which, during the relevant period of time, the ship can reach, remain at and depart from without, in the absence of some abnormal occurrence, being exposed to danger which cannot be avoided by good navigation and seamanship.A solemn declaration made by a shipmaster under oath before a notary public to the effect that the loss, damage or delay to the ship or its cargo have been caused by circumstances beyond the master's control.The master should follow time charterer's instructions in so far as they relate to the management of the shipa bill of lading issued before the vessel sails from the loading porta contract for hire of vessel which will be nominated at a latter stage for certain period of timeA time sheet is a document drawn up by ship brokers at the end of the voyage to record the time not worked and reason for not working which is used to calculate either the demurrage or despatch amounts due to owners or charterers as the case may be.
a promise by the assured that something will or will not be done, or that some obligation will be fulfilled.One of the set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the ship's master at the discharge port, allowing the legal holder to take delivery of the cargoan event produced without fault of the owner or masterA letter of guarantee given by the cargo underwriters for not keeping the owners responsible for any General Average damages to cargoA wrongful act wilfully commited by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner or charterer.The final day of laytime, after which, if the ship fails to complete loading operation, charterers have the option to cancel the charterparty.A sum of liquidated damages charged by the shipowner to the charterer for their failure to load the minimum quantity of cargo they are under obligation to provideA monetary reward payable by owners to charterers for completion of cargo operations after the laytime has expiredThe agreed rate payable to the shipowner for carriage of goods from port of shipment to a place situated as near as possible to the port of dischargenone of the clauses have priority of interpretation and master should ask for instruction from charterersThe owners have to perform the voyage up to the end, but they will not deliver the cargo unless outstanding hire is paid in fullThe period of time during which the vessel is obliged to present herself at the loading or discharging port, and during which charterers are obliged to accept the ship for loading or discharging.a natural tendency of the goods to deteriorate without human negligenceIt means that the insurer must disclose to the assured, before the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is known to the insurer.within Institute Warranty Limitsa clause bill of lading which was presented to the bank and the bank is not sure if it affects the interest of the receivers or nota clause that provides that the assured has the duty to take all reasonable steps to avert or minimize any loss for which a claim would be payable under the policy. In return, most costs incurred in taking such steps are not recoverable from the underwriters.Tally sheet is the document issued by persons recording cargo condition at loading or discharging portsThe right of the carrier to retain possesion of the cargo carried as a security for a future performance of an obligation under contract, or to secure a possible future a claim.they have to take into consideration receivers' interestsbetween 120,000 and 180,000 dwtbetween 38,000 and 52,000 dwtbetween 22,000 and 35,000 dwtbetween 50,000 and 80,000 dwtbetween 52,000 and 58,000 dwtA common law lien needs to be expressely stated in the contract, whereas a contractual lien needs not to be incorporated by a term expressed in the contractUnder FOB delivery risks are transferred from buyer to seller on passing ships rail while under CIF delivery risks are transferred on cargo deliverythere is no difference between the two expressionsThere is a sensible difference, but only an arbitrator can decide itWhereas in insurance law breach of a warranty only allows the injured party to sue for damages, in carriage of goods law breach of a warranty gives the insurer the right to regard the contract as dischargedIf deck cargo is saved by a General Average act, the owner of the deck cargo will not be liable to make a General average contributionThe cargo owners will pay a smaller general average contributionto export and import on CIF termsIt means that freight has to be paid before releasing bill of ladingINCOTERMS 20002004The level of damages for detention is determined by market potential of the vessel at the time of occurrencehe can sell the goods once he has received the documentsthe owner is mainly concerned with charterers competence in maintaining the ship is a good technical conditionvessel is from commercial point of view under charterers direct control for a limited period of timea partial loss of a property exposed to maritime perilsTo indemnify is to make good a loss suffered, not by replacement of the subject matter lost, but by a financial paymentit depends on ship's size, but generallya tolerance of 5 % is considered acceptableBook of Ladingto enable the seller to receive payment for the goods before shipment on board the vesselAccording to Paramount Rule allowance for sacrifoice or expenditure is accepted even if it is not reasonably made or incurredIncorporates either Hague, Hague-Visby or Hamburg Rules depending on the port cargo is loaded.FCABills of lading has to be issued in accordance with Letter of Credit, but almost always discrepancies are accepted if they are not too seriuosThe Special Compensation P&I Clause, a suplementary clause to LOF 95 and 2000 contracts that provides for a suplimentary method of assesing Special Compensation instead of method in Article 14 of the International Salvage Convention, 1989In liner trades loading is usually arranged by shipowners and usual loading rate is "2000 metric tons per running day"By such a letter of indemnity shippers guarantee that if there are any claims, they will settle the claim directly with the receivers
putting into an intermediate port or place for stores or provisions which are not esential to the safe completion of the voyageresistantport charges at the port of refugecost of discharging a cargo in order to refloat a stranded shipIt has property of the bill of lading and can sell the goods if payment is not done in timerepairs during the voyageinterest chargesinsurance premiumsprovisions and storesP&I insurancecanal toolsGive false information to charterers about vessel's arrival dateIssue a letter of protest to the shippershe should refuse to act as agent anymore and ask shipowners and charterers to nominate their own agentsConsult owners' P&I club correspondent"ORIGINAL SEA WAYBILL"private carriersThird party liability insuranceeven if a cargo owner can not show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy, the carrier will not be able limit his liabilityhe should ask a lawyer about validity of the notice of readinessthe owners may be able to arrange cheaper towage services on a contractual basisvessel has to be redelivered with almost same quantity of bunker as on deliveryBefore delivery of the cargo to receivers at any intermediate portThey can be accepted only when there is a long trading relation between charterers and owners.external condition of the cargothe carrier is responsible for any cargo damagethe need to protect the interests of the H&M and P&I inrurersUSD 116,000USD 140,000port expenses at loading are covered by the charterer and port expenses at discharging are covered by the ownerport expenses at loading are covered by the charterer and port expenses at discharging are covered by the ownerwhen one of the parties to a contract is based in a country where rules applyAfter presentation of an original bill of ladingonly part of the goods arrive at destinationafter the cargo is stored into custom's custodywhen the relevant facts come to light e.g. when a surveyor report has been receivedbefore vessel departure from the port or immediately a cargo damage is discovered during discharging operationmedium speed, under good weather, during each voyage can be lower with 1 Knot than the speed mentioned in the charterpartyOnly when the York - Antwerp Rules are incorporated into the contract of carriagebefore authorised person under local law to adminsiter oaths and take sworn declarations at closest place after the eventcan be considered Particular Average, since the master is avoiding the damage of the vesselNo, shipmaster is under a statutory obligation to save human lives onlyvoyage coststhe master is required to deliver the goods to the holder of mate's receipt no matter if he is the original shipper or notmake all parts of the ship in which goods are carried fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservationassume that voyage charterers are legally the carrier and wait for their instruction and then ask owners for approvalboth fire damaged cargo and CO2 damaged cargoFOB and CIFTotal Averagecarrier's lien on cargo for non payment of freightloading and discharging costs are usually included in the freightloading and discharging costs are usually included in the freight
CIPDESFAS1000 metric tons per hatch per daypayment of freight clausesNotice of readinessDepends on terms of the fixtureloses generated by inherent vice or nature of the subject matter insuredloss or damage caused by accidents in loading, discharging or shifting cargo or fuelloss or damage caused by negligence of repairerers or Charterers, provided such repairers or Charterers are an Assured under the Policycarried on deck without liability to carrier for loss or damage, howsoever causedCOMBIDOCLINNER TERMSLILOjettison damageLoss of insured vesselCoaltimemore publicityto exercise due diligence to properly man, equip and supply the shipto exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy before the commencement of the voyageNotice of readiness to be accepteda shipowner breaching the warranty to sail in convoyaccidents after commencement of the voyageLOF terms can be agreed by radio, simply by referencefreight per distancelumpsum freightaccording to Word Scaleduplicate of the true contract of cariageUtmost good faithto load the cargo supplied by the shippersto present for signature bills of lading that are in accordance with charter-party termsrecommended charter-partiesCustomary quick despachdeviation clause10 clear dayscargo rust stainedUnproper packingFreight payable within 3 banking days after true and right delivery of the cargoFeight payable before breaking bulkBrutto/nettoFASDESMate's receiptsMate's receiptsJettisson or other proper General Average sacrificeFreight pre payableFreight collectFreight to be paidType of cargobunker priceChange of political situation in the area where port of loading and/or port of discharging are situated after charter-party datebunker price
bunker priceto exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy during the voyagethree forths of the collision liabilitiesBareconMedcoalSynacomexSynacomexNipponoreIntertankvoyBlackseawoodPolicy year starts on 20th February, 12.00 GMT hoursBill of lading is conclusive evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for shipment in the quantity and condition stated therein if the bill of lading is in the hands of a bone fide third partysome areas of the world are open for navigation part of the year and closed for navigation for the rest of the yearport expensesclass inspectionsThe buyer of the goodsthe shipperthe shipperthe receiverit is shared between shipowners and bareboat charterersLloyd's Insurance brokersCanal transit expenses and risks for delay are covered by the charterersshippersAny person having authority from the shipownervoyage charterersalways the headowner is the ship's agent principalstevedoring company is appointed by the owners, but is paid by the charterersduty officer or chief mateshipowners agentcrewto make easier the process of inserting new clausesBecause cargoes carried on deck make the vessel unseaworthyto give the owners the opportunity to recover all of the amounts due to them and not paid before and after delivery of the cargoto know how many receivers will ask for delivery of cargoThis is important because in many ports shifting expenses are lower during weekendYork-Antwerp 2004 Rules are less favourable to the shipowner in terms of what costs can be claimed in General Averagebecause it may be impossible to ascertain the full extent of the loss or damage when first noting sea protest, and further facts may have to be added to the original protestBecause sometimes vessels are employed with despatch and charterers want to compensate despatch with balance freightMaster will reply to head owners requirements either direct or via his disponent ownerscontact imediately the owners, inform them about the the offer and wait for their instructions
Data Raspuns41 the bill of lading becomes a "shipped bill of lading"0 bill of lading which is issued in accordance with requirements of the charterparty and with instructions from shippers, charterers and receivers0 voyage charterer0 do not deliver the cargo without presentation of original bill of lading0 expression "freight to be paid" is included in the bill of lading1 the receiver1 after the cargo pass ship's rail at discharging port0 shipowners and receiver1 none of the above, since master is under an obligation to reply to a call for assitance0 at the time the vessel arrives1 the master can ask for an independent survey and his decision is final1 can be a valid notice of readiness if it is sent during holiday0 only when the ship is withing port limits and is at immediate and effective disposal of the charterers0 once her notice of readiness is accepted0 Ship's agent can keep constructive possesion of the coal in a storage area hired for that purpose until the freight is paid, the cost beeing for the consignee's account0 laytime will start in the same time for both cargoes0 imediately the berth is accesssible0 imediately the berth is accesssible0 Laytime started as per ch/p, after master properly tendered notice of readiness on arrival at usual waiting place and it was interrupted once the berth became free and restarted after the vessel was berthed.1 this operation can be done at owners risk and expenses and there is no need for any approval from the insurance company0 in both situations0 10,800 metric tons0 10,800 metric tons0 10,800 metric tons0 No, this action can not be considered general average as it is owners fault that engine is not working1 33,000 metric tons 5% lchop1 min/max 32,000/33,000 metric tons0 Never, as usualy the currency fluctuations can not be predicted with enough accuracy0 a contract of carriage from one place to another in separate stages of which at least one is sea transit0 Head Charter1 the ship will be ready to start loading or discharging before berthing0 once the the vessel arrives at usual waiting place or where port authorities instruct her to wait0 discharging is finished and cleaning is under way1 repairs at main engine are carried out during loading operation0 master is allowed not to start loading operation, unless shippers confirm that actual time used will count as laytime0 the owners can take as much bunker as they want if vessel's cargo capacity is between 4750 and 5250 metric tons and charterers are informed about this before commencement of loading0 once the vessel enter the administrative, fiscal and commercial area of Galatzi port0 master is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness at first loading and first discharging port0 Charerer will ask for arbitration before paying any freight0 the master should ask for P&I correspondent advise and his decision is final and master has to follow it0 10,000 USD1 12,000 USD0 4 days 19 hours 10 minutes0 6 days 12 hours0 5 days 19 hours1 lost anchor0 the 2 containers lost during collision10 can not be said as it depends on particular circumstances of the case1 any vessel used in the carriage of goods by sea, rivers, lakes1 for any kind of repairs
0 835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the higher1 to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding one half of total freight payable under the contract of carriage of goods by sea.1 if such carriage is in accordance with the usage of the particular trade0 835 Special Drawing Rights per package or in carriers' option 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram1 in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country the shipowner is registered1 consecutive days commencing from the hour NOR was tendered and ending after number of days stipulated in the text of te laytime clause in the charterparty1 despatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of loading or discharging to the the expiry of laytime excluding periods excepted from laytime1 an agreed amount payable to the owners in respect of not loading the vessel within the laytime, for which the charterer is not responsible0 an option given to the charterer to add together the time allowed for loading and discharging and to calculate laytime as they are a single operation0 a working day or part of' a working day during which it is or it would be, if vessel is waiting for her turn, impossible to load/discharge the cargo due to the weather0 a day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel0 within 48 running hours before cancelling date0 the owners should stop the vessel and wait for a new cancelling date0 is under an obligation to call at any port or ports charterers instruct her to proceed, in any order, for any purpose, to sail without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all situations, and also to deviate for the purpose of saving life and/or property.1 at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is accepted up to and including 12.00 hours, and at 06.00 hours next working day if notice accepted during office hours after 12.00 hours.1 either the charterers or the owners, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the other party0 lowest between intaken or delivery quantity0 the seventh day after the cancelling date missed by the vessel0 goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage the owners have liberty to carry on deck0 freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages and for all other ammounts due under the charterparty excluding costs of recovering same0 the place of loading or discharging nominated in a charterparty0 an area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall also include the usual places where vessels wait for their turn or are ordered or obliged to wait for their turn no matter the distance from that area0 unless suit is brought within one year after date when the goods should have been delivered.0 resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result.1 fit to encounter any extraordinar perils of the sea00 they are destroyed by the master1 only hand signed and stamped documents are acceptable as in this way there is a clear and unquestionable proof that they are not false notices send on behalf of the master by the owners1 in gri0 The shipowners are entitled not to discharge the cargo before they are paid the hire in full0 Owners are under no obligation to have H&M and/or P&I insurance0 doar o parte din marfuri sosesc la destinatie si nava a fost angajata pentru navlu lumpsum1 25% by H & M insurers and 75% by P&I insurers1 the person a charterparty has been made with0 the particular average element0 once loading commences0 viteza navei trebuie nu fie nici un moment mai redusa decit viteza inscrisa in contract1 se are in vedere atit aspectul exterior al marfii cit si continutul coletelor110001 Liner Bills of Lading1 the master has to follow always charterers orders in a time charter otherwise, vessel will be placed off-hire00 only charterers interests are satisfied as owners may loose next employment due to charterers failure to load in time0 the time charterers can replace the master with another one if they pay for his salary0 Yes, since bunker is owned by the time charterers0 Yes, if all conditions of a general average are met00
10000000010100001 clauza referitoare la nominarea porturilor de descarcare01001 obligatia de a efectua voiajul intr-o perioada de timp rezonabila0 fransizele avariei particulare0 in orice zona a globului navigatia este permisa cel putin o parte dintr-un an111 pentru procurarea marfurilor folosesc brokeri0010001000 nu exista nici un fel de diferenta0000000011 doar pentru navele mici, inseamna ca se considera acceptabila o oarecare toleranta pozitiva sau negativa11101
00101101001000001001010100100001010101110 Factura comerciala01010000010
1001001001000 a document drawn up by ship's agent at each port of call, containing detailed description of the cargo loaded and discharged, used for custom and administrative purposes at load and discharging ports000001011110000000 Este documentul care evidentiaza integritatea cantitativa si calitativa a marfurilor descarcate0101010 Este contractul standard folosit pentru inchirierea containerelor00110100001000
0000 special00010000 conform acestei expresii armatorul plateste doar daca nava este salvata fara a fi avariata0000001000010010000000101000111000011101
0100011000101000011100011000101100001000100001010101
00001111001001001001 renegocierea contractului daca partea care sufera pierderi nu-si mai poate acoperi cheltuielile de exploatare a navei si exista riscul ca nava sa fie arestata1 contractele de navlosire pe voiaje consecutive00 intruniri ale organizatiilor armatorilor si incarcatorilor in care se dezbat probleme de interes comun0000001011 toate faptele relevante pentru riscul asumat trebuie sa fie anuntate asiguratorilor inainte de inceperea intocmirii politei11 in situatia in care partile au convenit prin contractul de navlosire sau prin conosament ca avaria comuna va fi reglementata in conformitate cu regula York-Anvers pot invoca dispozitii de ordin legislativ sau uzuri comerciale cand avaria nu este prevazuta in regulile I-XXII si avaria se reglementeaza in conformitate cu prevederile dreptului comun01011011001000001
0110000001 este contractul prin care armatorul cedeaza in schimbul unei sume de bani numita chirie gestiunea nautical si comerciala a navei pentru o perioada determinate de timp0100 este o cafenea in care se intilnesc comerciantii si asiguratorii01011010000001001000010000101110101 armatorul poate cere posesorului conosamnetului sa platesca orice suma de bani pe care armatorul o plateste suplimentar pentru transportul marfii la destinatia finala1 acesta inseamna ca nava se considera livrata la trecerea travers de Constanta0 aceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ia la bord primul pilot pentru a intra in portul respectiv0 aceasta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care debarca pilotul la iesirea din portul Constanta
0 conosament la primitor10100011 if the owners are unreasonably preventing cargo operation due vessel deficiencies110001 All original bills of lading issued0 in the same way like laytime for porst of loading and ports of discharging1 vessel is bunkering and this operation prevents loading or discharging operations0 per consecutive day or pro rata0 once laycan has expired1 whenever charterers require owners to pay for time saved100001 Yes, they have an insurable interest in respect of their jobs00 Yes, he is entitled to put lien on cargo for its contribution to a General Average at first port of refuge1 a mixture between monopolistic and perfect competive model1001 In black0 elementul de avarie particulara10000 if sea grade is below 5 on Douglas Scale1 it is always required that owners agree with charterers allegations0 for voyage charterers account1 change of incompentent crew1 it is hard to estimate what the market will be1 ad valorem0 per displacement0 at crew's risk0 bills of lading that provides legislation of any state giving effect to the Rules is to govern the contract of carriage0 from tackle to tackle1 when carriage is covered by a bill of lading0 to carriage of goods by river1 Cargo is loaded from country where Hague Visby rules have been ratified1 they are considered valid if they were deleted by mistake by the broker issuing the charter-party
0 They are dependent on the local or international law applicable to the contracts of carriage involved1 they are entitled to a fee which is always payable by the party they represent during negotiations1 By inserting a clause stating that deadfreight and demurrage are payable before completion of discharging1 By asking charterers when they can accept the Notice of Readiness and tendering it once it is required by charterers1 by asking for charterers permission to carry out repairs and maintenance1 by procuring a FD&D insurance cover0 It enables the shipowner to transfer the ownership during the voyage, make it possible for the owner to raise finance on the security of the goods while in transit0 A working day is a day which can not be considered a holiday0 A holiday is a day other than the normal weekly day(s) of rest, or part thereof, when by local law or practice work is not normally carried out and can be decutected from laytime if time is not used.0 Laytime is calculated based on vessel's capacity to load or discharge1 Above expression shall mean that if at the loading or discharging port working time is of 8 hours per day then a weather working day of 24 hours can be considered like 3 normal weather working days.0 hire is paid in advance at the beginning of each year0 Hire is usually paid at the end of every 15 or 30 days1 Day shall mean a period of twenty-four working hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted pro rata.1 Day shall mean a period of twenty-four working hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted pro rata.1 only for minimum 3 years0 Every copy of the original bill of lading can be considered a non negotiable copy of the bill of lading0 10 running days0 ten0 Number of original bills of lading issued depends on the custom at loading and discharging ports and master has to follow that custom0 if bill of lading is marked "freight collect"0 by fixing the cargo only on liner out basis if the vessel call countries where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian countries, Australia etc.)0 he should act in the interests of all parties involved in a common adventure0 there is a breach of an express guarantee0 Depends who is the party responsible for the damage1 it is in the hands of the receiver who is also the charterer1 the shipowner has to load the vessel up to her deadweight cargo capacity while the charterer guarantee he will have available for loading at least minimum quantity without promising more than maximum quantity mentioned0 will be operated at one good safe berth which is always accessible and where she will lay always afloat1 the extra expenses involved are higher than the bugdeted expenses0 laytime will start as per custom of port1 should wait for instructions from the shippers0 issue a letter of protest and sent it to BIMCO/International Maritime Bureau0 master has no obligation to instruct the agents, as it is operational department obligation to instruct the agents properly1 exactly the same remarks on the back of the Bill of Lading0 it is master's option if he tenders a new notice of readiness or not0 master is under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person only if he waits a reasonable period to see if somebody else is asking for the cargo0 USD 17,8 per metric ton1 USD 14,6 per metric ton0 stevedores0 charterers are entitled not to pay the freight before cargo claim is settled0 he is required to follow charterers orders, as they would be responsible for any damages to the vessel1 actual time used will count only if the vessel is employed on condition SSHEX EIU0 owners are not entitled to any compensation1 voyage charterer1 once the pilot is on board and the vessel proceed to berth 350 shippers0 employement of FIO terms0 charterers are under an obligation to load her up to her maximum volumetric capacity of vessels holds0 the master can tender NOR anytime between 10 and 20 December as this the agreed Lay Can0 should ask charterers to gurantee that vessel will berth again once the holds are clean and dry1 to ask always for underwriters permission when he feels like the risk is higher than usual0 owners can only be responsible if the bill of lading holder prove that the damage was generated by owners fault
0 owners can only be responsible if cargo owners prove that cargo was damaged due to owners fault0 any date required by the shippers
USD 33,0000 USD 33,0000 USD 13,0000 USD 13,0000 a negociated value between owners and underwriters0 owners are entitled to put lien on cargo for payment of full freight0 vessel will be delivered when she drops last sea pilot at Sulina and proceeds to the sea1 vessel will be delivered when she is within administrative, fiscal and commercial area of the port of Constanta0 vessel will be delivered when she drops pilot at Contanta on her way out of the port1 if the vessel is employed of liner in and free out terms0 Depends on the applicable law and only a court of law can say if underwriters are liable or not1 owners can discharge the cargo at loading port if freight is not paid0 NOR can be tendered by VHF0 General average is settled in accordance with the rules aplicable in the country where the voyage terminates0 The cargo owner will have no claim under York-Antwerp Rules to a General Average contribution from the other parties to the adventure no matter if cargo is loaded on the deck with a recognised custom of the trade or not0 despatch is payable for all time saved0 A Standard Deviation Clause0 both shipowners and charterers0 shipowners will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses1 master0 always charterers1 time lost due to bad weather will count as laytime or time on demurrage0 master has to prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive confirmation from the owners that freight has been received1 shipowners will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses0 parties under an obligation to negotiate which terms have priority of interpretation1 the owners are under an obligation to carry the cargo up to its final destination without extra freight0 if work is carried out for a certain number of hours during an excepted day, entire day shall count as loading or discharging time0 Saturdays or Sundays and holidays are not counted as laytime0 Saturdays or Sundays and holidays not counted as laytime0 shifting time is always excluded from laytime0 shifting time is always counted as laytime1 bill of lading weight1 on highest between the quantity ascertained at loading and the quantity ascertained at discharging port0 the charterer is under an obligation to load the cargo mentioned in the charterparty and the cargo has to be in the condition mentioned in the charter-party or in accordance with custom of the port at loading port0 freight is payable only on vessel's arrival at discharging port and commencement of discharge0 actual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall not count as loading or discharging time0 time lost due to break down of shore cranes will not be counted as laytime if it is rainning1 time lost due to break down of shore cranes will not be counted as laytime if it is rainning0 the owners can be liable if Hague Rules apply0 against one of the original bills of lading issued1 master will make a complete survey before the vessel departs for repair port1 he is only responsible if the cargo owners can prove that damage is a consequence of deck stowage0 the carrier is bount to issue a bill of lading at receivers' request0 master release the cargo and retain the original bill of lading0 arbitartors will decide what is most appropiate method of calculating laytime1 it is compulsory to be prinded on a A4 paper0 transhipment is allowed as along as owners assume full liability1 carrier is entitled to recover any extra expenses from the bill of lading holder0 both shipowner and bareboat charterer0 charterers for P&I insurance and shipowners for H&M insurance
0 only to first voyage1 money spent in protecting the cargo0 yes, it is compulsory to note a sea protest at every port of call0 to issue, on demand of the shipper, a bill of Lading after receiving the goods into his charge0 carriers right to deviate0 P&I club corespondent in the nearest coastal state001 orice pierdere in care nava exista, dar cheltuielile de reparatie sunt atit de mari incit este mai bine sa se renunte la nava01000 la plecarea din portul de bunkerare nava are probleme tehnice ce pot afecta siguranta navei0 atunci cand nava este atat de avariata incat costul reparatiilor ar depasi valoarea navei dupa reparatie0 Nava are la bord marfuri perisabile, instalatiile frigorifice nu functioneaza si nu poate lua legatura cu navlositorul pentru a obtine instructiuni00 the party whom the carrier is instructed to deliver the goods when goods have arrived at their destination0 Hague-Visby rules do no apply while cargo is in transit in port C if carriage is covered by two bills of lading0 not use his correct draft survey calculations to show the true quantity loaded0 the voyage charter owners1 Only remarks accepted by the charterers can be included into Bills of lading1 The master can release the cargo against presentation all original and "not negotiable" copies issued01 momentul de incepere al anului politei este mereu acelasi 1 Ianuarie, ora 0.00 GMT0 se stabileste cui apartin doar dupa ce se analizeaza foarte bine contractul0 armatorul va primi navlul in functie de durata voiajelor efectuate de nava10 cel mai probabil se va considera ca navlositorul din contractul de navlosire pe voiaj este caraus00 armatorul poate fi responsabil daca posesorul conosamentului demonstreaza ca marfurile au fost avariate din vina armatorului0 armatorul poate fi responsabil daca posesorul conosamentului demonstreaza ca marfurile au fost avariate din vina armatorului01 nava efectueaza reparatii la motorul principal pe durata operatiunilor de incarcare010111 este obligatoriu sa fie tiparit pe o pagina A40 nava nu este in buna stare de navigabilitate la inceputul calatoriei00 in owners option either on number of voyages performed or on voyage duration0 este acela de marfa, care stivuita corect ocupa volumul total al magaziilor navei si conduce la utilizarea intregii capacitati de incarcare a navei1111 in proportie de 75 % de asiguratorii P&I si de 25 % de asiguratorii H&M0 the safety of the discharge operation1 Charterparty Bill of Lading10
0 transbordarea este permisa cit timp armatorul garanteaza sosirea in timp a marfurilor la destinatie000 doar in porturile de incarcare000 pierderile generate de viciul ascus sau de natura obicetului asigurat0 schimbarea societatii de clasificare nu are nici un efect asupra asigurarii navei1 combustibilul folosit pe durata contractului de navlosire pe timp este platit de navlositor1 este obligatorie doar pentru navele vechi ce pot cauza pierderi autoritatilor portuare0 el nu are dreptul in nici o imrejurare sa demonstreze contrariul1 navlositor si posesorul conosamanetului111 comandantul poate elibera marfa in schimbul prezentarii unei copii negociabile a conosamentului0 comadantul ar putea elibera marfurile chiar si in lipsa conosamentelor originale daca se face dovada ca pesoana respectiva il reprezinta legal pe cel mentionat in conosament1 sa accepta expeditii maritime cu riscuri mari deoarece acesta este si motivul pentru care plateste asigurare0 comandantul poate elibera marfa, in portul de destinatie, in schimbul unui singur exemplar original110 before signing and releasing bills of lading1 indefinite terms0 structure gathering together all liner shipping companies with the only purpose of limiting competition and increasing freight rates00 that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for actual time saved at both loading and discharging ports0 that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for actual time saved at both loading and discharging ports1 that at both loading and discharging port there will be no despatch payable to the shippers or receivers0 the voyage from one loading port to another loading port0 a ship was so badly damaged that the cost of repairs exceed the value of the repaired vessel0 if he fails to keep the vessel in class1 when a ship is ashore in a position from which it would be technically impossible to recover the property1 P&I clubs are not involved in salvage cases since salvage is covered by H&M insurance1 whenever the master suspect a possible damage to the cargo0 after the ship has been damaged from any cause1 after an accident at sea0 FCA0 FCA0 on departure from bunkering port, the vessel has serious engine problems1 vessel doesn't carry latest version of charts0 vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes, ships refrigerating machines do not work and master is unable to get instructions from shippers0 contracts of affreightment11 International Association of Traders, Bruxelles000000100
10100111000010101010000 doar pentru primul voiaj0 Depends on what is the redelivery point as crew can clean it up if the ballast voyage is longer0 the disponent owner is entitled to borrow money and mortgage the ship if the charter-party contains a special provision1 Yes, since the leter of caredit is in his favour he has always to be the shipper10 elibereaza marfurile si retine la bord conosamentul original01100110 War cancelling clauses0 can only be accepted if owner has a long standing commercial relation with the receivers0 a monopolistic market10 a coffee house where traders and insurers meet and do business together0 LILO terms0 FILO terms001 Egala cu navlul suplimentar ce ar fi fost obtinut daca s-ar fi incarcat cantitatea maxima de marfa din care se scad cheltuielile suplimentare ce ar fi fost efectuate de catre armator daca s-ar fi incarcat cantitatea maxima de marfa mentionata in contract1 vechimea navei salvatoare1 York-Antwerp Rules0 0, 20 milioane dolari0 0, 20 milioane dolari001
000000000001 min/max 32,000/33,000 metric tons1 pierderea ancorei0000010 avem de-a face cu o salvare deoarece nava s-a salvat de la scufundare00 proprietarul marfurilor nici nu contribuie la avaria comuna nici nu este despagubit0 required to wait few days and then make a decision1 required to wait few days and then make a decision0 Parties to a common adventure contribute to General Average according to their sound market value after temporary repairs.1 drafted all clauses with options and parties only choose the option they need0 written statement by a stevedoring company in which the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel is noted along with any discrepancies in the quantity compared with the vessel’s manifest.0 costul unitar pe tona de marfa transportata nu este dependent de marimea navei1 este nevoie ca armatorul ca fie de acord cu reclamatia navlositorului 01 nu se poate estima evolutia navlurilor110 concurenta perfecta101 ca nava va incarca o marfa ce respecta toate tratatele internationale100 se plateste navlul indiferent de ce se intampla cu nava si indiferent cind se intimpla10000 be considered General Average only if H&M insurers agree with this1 Transportul containerelor1 ncarcarea s-a efectuat intr-o tara care a ratificat regulile00000
1010000 are included into bill of lading if charerparty allow them0 agreements voluntarily entered in to save vessels not having cargo on board0 de obicei scrisorile de garantie se folosesc doar pentru semnarea conosamentelor fara remarci, nu si pentru eliberarea marfurilor fara prezentarea conosamentului original0 se pot accepta scrisori de garantie doar pentru neinscrierea in Mate's Receipt a remarcilor0 $ 0.2 milion0 $ 0.2 milion10 document drawn up by ship's agent and signed by the master and the stevedoring company listing all events with impact on loading or discharging operations from arrival up to departure1 the stevedoring company and is countersigned by the master0 nu acceptati oferta si asteptati pina raspunde urmatoarea nava10 the general condition of the vesssel0 As fast as the charterers can receive or deliver0 Seawaybill is not always negotiable0 carriage of containers1 to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar ducument of title, in so far as the as such documents refer to carriage of goods by sea, land and rail1 If that type of cargo is usually carried on deck and Bill of Lading in clearly mentioning that cargo is stowed on deck1 by deducting from extra income that could have been obtained if owners were loading maximum quantity the vessel is able to load the extra expenses owners would have made to obtain that income1 usually sets out in full the contract of carriage between the bill of lading holder (except the shipper) and the carrier under the bill of lading.0 usually sets out in full the contract between the bill of lading holder (except the shipper) and the carrier under the bill of lading.0 at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given during office hours , and at 06.00 hours next working day if notice given outside office hours0 is the servant of the charterers, but has to follow also orders from owners0 Give the master the freedom of trowing the cargo over board to save the ship and the crew from danger without paying any compensation to the cargo owners .1 the age of the salvage vessel0 destaptch for all time saved1 change of ownership, management or flag0 explain how contributions are calculated and paid by the parties to General Average0 Dead time1 is counted as laytime only if shippers do not ask for despatch money0 to instruct receivers not to sell them further00000 One Trip Charter1 este permis a se efectua astfel de operatiuni deoarece riscuri suplimenatre pentru armator si implicit pentru asigurator sunt minore si normale01011 where the both the character of the property and circumstances under which the carriage is to be performed do not justify a special agreement1 All of the above0 saving or atempting to save life or property at sea1 insufficiency or inadequacy of the marks1 act, neglect or default of the carrier, master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the ship0 the act must be intentional or voluntary
1 the sacrifice or expenditure must be ordinary0 where there is a statement on the back of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods can be shipped on deck, and the goods are, in fact, stowed on deck0 Master will issue a second set of bills o lading if the shippers guarantee they will destroy the first set1 York - Hamburg Rules0 before vessels' departure0 suma inscrisa in polita de asigurare01 consecutive voyage charter-parties0 extinguishing a fire0 A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the obligations and rights of the seller and buyer in international sale of goods transactions1 the owners will inform port state control in the next port of call and ask them to arrest the vessel until deficiences are rectified0 common law salvage0 Draft survey report0 General Average Bond0 to decide terms of the contract of carriage if parties in dispute do not find a mutual solution0 to find employment for ships and to to find suitable sea transport for the carriage of a cargo1 UNCITRAL1 possessory lien is not dependent on possession of the property whereas maritime lien is dependent on possession0 To offer freedom of operation to member shipowners and operators and allow them to carry on their activities without fear of losses1 variable costs1 to be resistant0 The buyer must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss or of damage to the goods is transferred from the buyer to the seller when goods pass the ship's rail at the loading port0 The buyer must bear all costs while the seller must bear all risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail at the loading port (Constanta)0 maritime liens0 she can only claim damages if cargo condition was affected0 she can only claim damages if cargo condition is affected on delivery0 A clear identification of delivery and redelivery points1 They would be deprived of all defences under the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as common law, to liability for cargo loss, damage and delay, and would also loose their insurance cover even if deviation was not authorised by them0 Hamburg Rules1 on bareboat charter markets0 voyage policy1 accidental losses0 on delivery0 despatch for all time saved is equal or lower than despatch for working time saved0 unit cost is always constant0 Result of a laytime calculation can be despatch is charterers make calculatios or demurrage if owners make calculations0 They should wait at least 10 days before they send to the charterers a notification to pay and if the charterers do not pay, owners can withdraw the vessel from time charterers' service1 he should ask crew to participate in loading or discharging operation0 Any cargoes charterers consider suitable, as they will be responsible if vessel is redelivered in a damaged condition1 cover against liability for cargo damage generated by the ship1 cover against liability for salvage charges0 all expenses incurred by the carrier to return the cargo at the loading port if by some reasons vessel is unable to continue her voyage up to final destination0 It means that if the vessel is far away from delivery point charterers agree to compensate owners for the long ballast trip with a daily amount which is lower than agreed daily hire1 It means that separate calculations are to be made for loading and discharging and that any despatch resulting from one operation is to be set off against any demurrage paid in the other0 It means that the vessel is entitled to carry any cargo that is not officialy declared unlawful by a specialised agency of United Nations or by International Maritime Organisation0 according with this clause the quality of cargo will be determined after delivery and buyer has the right to buy it or not0 according with this clause the quality of cargo will be determined after delivery and buyer has the right to buy it or not1 according with this clause the quality of cargo will be determined after delivery and buyer has the right to buy it or not0 A bill of lading issued to order of a not named or named entity (bank, consignee, shipper) which can be transferred to third party by indorsment1 it means that the vessel has to wait for berthing a certain period of time, and this time is counted as laytime0 A "bearer" bill of lading can be a bill of lading with consignee space left blank and in this way can pass from hand to hand0 the fact that water density at respective port of call can not be precisely measured
0 it means that owners have the right to nomitate what agents will be appointed at loading and discharging ports0 It means in case charterers redeliver the vessel cleaned they are entitled to receive a lumpsum amount0 It means that in case some periods are excluded from laytime and work is carried out during this period actual time used will count as laytime0 It means that if loading or discharging berth is free but vessel can not berth on her arrival the vessel, on reaching any usual waiting-place at or off the port, shall be entitled to tender notice of readiness from it and laytime shall commence in accordance with the charter party.0 It means that the vessel can tender notice of readiness even if custom formalities are not completed, but if latter on custom clearance is not obtained notice of readiness will be considered invalid0 It means that the vessel can tender notice of readiness even if free practique has not been obtained0 It means that master can tender notice of readiness if the vessel is arriving within the port limits before charterers require the vessel to proceed to the berth0 It means that only in a berth charterparty notice of readiness can be tendered if the vessel is within the port limits or at usual waiting place or where she was ordered by port authorities no matter if free parctice or custom clearance has been obtained or not1 It means that laytime for loading or disching is calculated by division of ship's displacement the agreed loading or discharging rate1 The period during which the ship is obliged by the charterparty to present herself at the loading port, and during which the charterers are obliged to complete loading operations.0 An agreed amount paid to the shipowner for the use of the whole, or part, of a ship to carry cargo on a given voyage0 A bill of lading issued to order of the shipper and which can be endorsed in full in favour of the true owner of the cargo0 It means that the days specified do not count as laytime even if loading or discharging is carried out on them.0 a certificate of insurance1 a delivery certificate confirming name of owners, name of time charterers and duration of the contract0 compensation to shipowners for all looses that may apear during a maritime adventure1 Protection against claims made by third parties as a result of some accidents on boart0 it means that the vessel is in every way fit for the voyage0 loss of income1 technical seaworthiness1 Vessel will start discharging of the cargo0 A new Notice of readiness will have to be tendered once the holds pass another survey1 detailed survey of open spaces1 off hire survey0 a system of stabilizing the profit by including all extra bunker consumption in the freight0 a system of protecting the owners when their expenses are expressed in other currency than the currency they earn their income and there is a sudden and unexpected change in the exchange rate1 a intentional partial loss caused by a peril insured against1 A notice given to the shipowners for further forwarding to charterer, shipper, receiver or other persons as required by the charterparty that the vessel has arrived at the port or berth and is ready to load or discharge as the case may be.0 one or more clauses agreed between shipowners and charterers that replace clauses from a standard charter-party form0 the bank is not entitled to study the bills of lading, they only have to pay the seller for deliverying the goods0 a fixed premium paid for releasing the vessel from a P&I club1 a person who enter into a charter party agreement as shipowner1 a document containing the express terms of an agreement for the hire of a ship.0 A bill having clauses that incorporate all terms, conditions, liberties and exceptions of a charterparty1 any contract of carriage by sea, e.g a chartering agreement or a contract expressed in a Bill of Lading0 a bill of lading0 an amount which is deducted from insurance claim and which is negotiable for every casualty1 a maximum amount covered by P&I clubs, so that the owner has to bear all amounts over the stated maximum1 A bill of lading which contains modified or added clauses to the conditions of carriage1 A bill of lading which contains modified or added clauses to the conditions of carriage1 a firm specialising in the export and/or import of goods on behalf of shipowners and is usually acting as shipper1 A general average is any sacrifice or expenditure that is voluntarily and reasonably incurred for the purpose of protecting the ship and the cargo on board against perils in a common adventure0 a person usually appointed by shipowners or insurer for establishing the reasons for a general average situation and deciding who is responsible and who will pay the losses1 A partial or total loss incurred through a deliberate act performed with the intention of protecting all the interests involved in a voyage from a danger which threatens them all0 An undertaking issued by a bank, on behalf of the buyer, to the seller (exporter), to pay for goods, provided that the seller presents documents including a valid bill of lading of lading or a negotiable seawybill0 a carrier who has his own vessels and operate them as he wishes1 a berth which, during the relevant period of time, the ship can reach, remain at and depart from without, on all weather conditions, being exposed to danger which cannot be avoided by good navigation and seamanship.1 A declaration registered by the master in the deck log book to the effect that he is exonerating the ship from any claims for loss, damage or delay that have been caused by circumstances beyond the master;s control.0 The master should always ask owners for instructions when he receives orders from the time charterer0 a bill of lading issued issued when the carrier receive the goods into his care, before loading into onto the ship0 a contract for carriage of a cargo from one place to another where freight is paid per day0 A time sheet is a document drawn up by ship's agent at loading or discharging port to record the time worked and not worked and which is used to calculate either the demurrage or despatch amounts due to owners or charterers as the case may be.
1 a term of the policy which when breached allow the assured to get compensation from the underwriter1 One of the set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the bank, allowing the legal holder to get paid for delivering the cargo to the carrier and complying with Letter of credit0 an unavoidable accident of the sea0 A ship underwriter's signed guarantee, given in consideration of releasing the vessel to its owners without collection of a General Average deposit.1 A wrongful act wilfully commited by the owners or crew to the prejudice of the owner of goods0 The final day of laydays, after which, if the ship presents herself at the loading port, owners have the option to cancel the charterparty.1 A sum of liquidated damages charged by the charterer to the shipowner for failure to load the maximum quantity of cargo charterer is entitled to offer0 A monetary reward payable by owners to agents for completion of cargo operations before the laytime has expired0 The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for renting the ship for a certain period of time to the charterer0 either the owners or the charterers should refer the case to arbitration for a decision over interpretation0 the owners have the right to return to the loading port and discharge the cargo if they are not paid0 The period of time agreed between the shipowner and the charterer during which the charterer is performing the loading and/or discharging operation and during which owner must make and keep the ship available.1 a natural tendency of the goods to loose weight during the carriage0 It means that the assured must have some legal relationship to the subject matter insured, and must stand to benefit by its preservation or lose by its loss or damage1 outside Institute Warranty Limits0 a bill of lading which was presented to the bank after expiry of last day of shipment or 21 days after signature if last day of shipment in not mentioned0 a clause that provides that the underwriter has the duty to take all reasonable steps to avert or minimize any loss for which a claim would be payable under the policy. In return, most costs incurred in taking such steps are recoverable from the assured.0 Tally sheet is the document issued by persons recording number and condition of cargo loaded or discharged0 The right of the carrier to retain property of the cargo carried as a security for the performance of an obligation under contract, or to secure satisfaction of a claim.1 they have to take into consideration charterers' interests0 between 110,000 and 220,000 dwt0 between 38,000 and 48,000 dwt0 between 38,000 and 45,000 dwt1 between 80,000 and 120,000 dwt1 between 38,000 and 58,000 dwt0 The difference is not very important as in a contract of carriage of goods by sea all that matters is the express provision of the contract in respect of lien0 there is no difference1 there is a difference but for charterparty purposes it is not important0 There are significant differences as according first expression a working day of 24 consecutive hours can extend itself over more days if work program at the port is less than 24 hours0 In neither carriage of goods law or insurance law breach of a warranty allows the injured party to regard the contract as discharged no matter how serious is the breach0 Only if deck cargo is loaded in accordance with the custom of the trade, the owner of the deck cargo will be liable to make a General Average contribution0 If cargo is loaded legally or wrongfully on deck General average position does not change0 to export and import on FOB terms1 It means that freight has to be paid before delivery of the cargo1 INCOTERMS 20041 20061 The level of damages for detention is determined by level of Baltic Dry Cargo Index at the begining of voyage1 he can buy the goods once he has received the documents1 the owner is mainly concerned with crew competence in performing their job1 vessel is from both commercial and administrative point of view under charterers direct control for a limited period of time1 a partial loss incurred through deliberate act performed with the intention of protecting all interests involved in a maritime expedition1 To indemnify is to either replace goods lost or to offer financial compensation at underwriters option1 only for small vessel a certain tolerance is acceptable0 Bill of Lading0 to guarantee to the seller that he will receive payment for the goods before delivery0 According to Paramount Rule master is under a duty to contact all the parties involved before declaring General Average0 Incorporates either Hague, Hague-Visby or Hamburg Rules1 FAC0 Bills of Lading and Letters of Credit are different documents and there is no relationship between them0 The Special Compensation P&I Clause, a suplementary clause to LOF 95 and 2000 contracts that provides for a discriminatory method of assessing Special Compensation instead of method in Article 14 of the International salvage Convention, 19890 In liner trades loading is usually arranged by the charterers and usual loading rate is in accordance with charter-party terms and conditions0 By such a letter of indemnity receivers can not consider responsible the carrier and they have to sue shippers
1 putting into a port for bunkers for a future voyage when there is no clause in the contract of carriage allowing it0 special1 master's and crew's wages while a ship is being repaired0 slipping an anchor and cable to avoid a collision0 It advances money only to the customers known as good performers0 berth charges1 insurance charges1 costs of bunker fuel1 heavy fuel0 water and lube oil0 agency fees0 Reduce speed and wait for charterers to decide if they cancel the carterparty or not0 ask for an independent survey0 he should act as an independent observer and leave the shipowners and charterers to solve their problems1 Ask owners agent to accept notice on charterers behalf0 "PARTLY NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILL"1 tramp carriers0 Cargo Insurance0 if a cargo owner can show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy, the carrier will not be able limit his liability0 he is not required to send a new notice of readiness1 the owners should contact all vessels offering assitance and negociate the salvage1 bunker used from delivery time is for charterers' account0 Before delivery of the cargo to receivers at the port of refuge0 They can be accepted only when there is a long trading relation between shippers and owners.1 condition of the cargo inside packs0 the degree of responsibility is the same no matter if cargo was stowed on or under deck0 the need to avoid or reduce the risk of harm to the marine environment0 USD 125,0000 USD 160,0000 port expenses at loading are covered by the owner and port expenses at discharging are covered by the charterer0 vessel is only entitled to call at one loading and one discharging ports0 when more means of transportations are used and at least one is sea transport1 After presentation of all set of original bills of lading0 only part of the goods arrive at destination and freight is agreed on lumpsum basis0 after the carrier inspect the goods on loading berth1 when he receives a notice of claim from the shippers and based on the notice, he should protect the owners0 as soon as the vessel pass a bad weather area, the master is under an obligation to note a sea protest0 speed can never be lower with more than 0.5 Knots than the speed mentioned in the charterparty1 Only when charterer is based in a country that has ratified the York - Antwerp rules0 before any maritime authority able to check the correctness of master declarations at first port of call0 can be considered Particular Average only if the vessel and/or cargo are partly damaged1 No, shipmasters are under a statutory obligation to save the ship only1 capital costs0 the master is entitled to keep the goods until one original bill of lading is issued1 properly man, equip and supply the ship0 assume that either owners and time charterers can be considered carriers and ask both of them for instructions0 either damaged cargo and CO2 damaged cargo at assured option1 EXW and DDU0 General Average0 bunker supplier's lien on the ship for payment of bunker1 procurement of cargo is handled through brokers who represent the shipowners0 procurement of cargo is handled through brokers who represent the shipowners
0 CPD0 DDP0 FAC1 4 weather working days0 general average clauses1 Cargo manifest0 charter-party1 losses generated by ordinary wear and tear, ordinary leakage or breakage1 loss or damage caused by ordinary wear and tear, ordinary leakage0 loss or damage caused by piracy1 cargo can be loaded on deck at shippers' risk1 CONGENBILL0 LIFO1 FLT0 collision damage0 Non contact damage to other ships0 Linertime0 faster settlement1 to select with great care the crew, equipments and all suplies for the voyage0 to ensure that the vessel will be ready to load the cargo and proceed on the voyage with reasonable despatch0 Notice of readiness to be tendered0 a shipowner not disclosing that vessel has no statutory certificates0 failure to hold necessary class documents1 Potential reward is negotiable0 lumpsum freight1 freight per time1 per deadweight all told0 document of title for the goods, proving the ownership1 Prudent uninsured0 to deliver cargo as instructed by the charterers1 to have the cargo ready for loading, before vessels arrival at loading port1 agreed charter-parties0 7 clear days1 discharge port nomination clause0 customary quick despatch1 condition unknown1 Cargo condition unknown0 Freight payable before releasing bills of lading market "freight prepaid"1 Freight payable at destination1 Brutto1 DDP1 DDU1 preloading survey reports1 Preloading survey reports1 negligence of the consignor0 Freight payable at destination1 Freight pre payable0 Freight payable after delivery1 Port expenses1 sudden change of weather during the voyage0 inclusion of weekends and holidays in laytime1 loading and discharging rates in a FIO fixture
1 change of bunker price during voyage0 to perform the voyage within a reasonable time0 excess collision liability1 Shelldemise0 Baltcon0 Multiform1 Norvgrain1 Stemmor1 Afratankvoy1 Nubaltwood1 Policy year starts on 1st January, 12.00 GMT hours1 Bill of lading is prima facie evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for shipment in the quantity and condition stated therein if the bill of lading is in the hands of a bona fide third party0 every area of the world is open for navigation part of the year1 H&M insurance premiums0 canal expenses0 Either the seller or the buyer of the goods, depending on the Bill of Lading ownersship0 the freight forwarder0 the freight forwarder0 the freight forwarder0 H&M insurers of the vesel1 cargo owners1 Canal transit expenses are covered by the owners and risks for delay are on charterers account0 freight forwarders0 Master and any person agreed by the shipowner0 disponent owners0 either the shipowners or the charterers depending on charterparty terms0 stevedoring company is appointed by the charterers, but is paid by the owners1 supercargo0 shipowners1 shipowners0 to make easier the process of reading the charter-party0 Because vessel's stability can be compromised by loading cargo on deck0 to give the charterers the opportunity to recover some of the amounts due to them by the owners and not paid before vessel sailing from discharging port0 to reduce the risk of loosing part of them0 This is important because quite often Notice of Readiness can be tendered only during office working time and in this way at least few hours are saved1 There is no difference between York-Antwerp 2004 Rules and York-Antwerp 1994 Rules in terms of what costs can be claimed in General Average1 because it is always good to wait and see if there will be a claim and thereafter to ask for instructions from a lawyer about what documents should be preserved and what documents to be destroyed1 Because vessels are employed with demurrage and charterers want to pay this amount together with balance freight1 Master is not allowed to communicate with the head owner0 not accept the offer and wait for the next vessel to reply to your SOS message
Data Raspuns5URL Data Raspuns6 URL Raspuns7 URL Data Raspuns800010000000000100010010000100001000000000000011
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