1 A notice of readiness indicating that the vessel will be ready to load in 2 hours from the moment it is tendered:can be a valid notice of readiness 0can be a valid notice of readiness if this is the custom of the port 0is not a valid notice readiness 1can be a valid notice of readiness if it is sent during holiday 0

2 A ship employed by a port charterparty can be considered an arrived ship:once the ship is within port limits or at usual waiting place or where she is ordered by port authorities

1once the ship is anchored in the road of nominated port and is ready in al respects to start loading or discharging operations 0only when the ship is within fiscal, commercial and administrative limits of the port mentioned in the ch/p 0only when the ship is withing port limits and is at immediate and effective disposal of the charterers0

3 A ship employed on a berth charterparty can be considered an arrived ship:once she is in all respects ready for berthing 0once she is alongside at nominated berth 1once she drops anchor within the port limits 0once her notice of readiness is accepted 0

4 A ship has on board two cargoes covered by two different charterparties and one of them is overstowing the other. On arrival at the discharging port master tenders in the same time two notices of readiness and discharging commence with the cargo loaded on top. In respect of the cargo understowed can be said that:laytime will start imediately the cargo becomes free for discharging 0laytime will start on commencement of discharging operation 1laytime will start as per ch/p, depending on time notice was readiness was tendered 0laytime will start in the same time for both cargoes 0

5 A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the intended berth was free, but due to fog vessel was unable to proceed to that berth for 3 days. Under these circumstances when the ship can be considered an arrived ship?on arriving at usual waiting place, waiting for berthing 0once the vessel is at the intended berth 1once vessel has pilot on board 0imediately the berth is accessible 0

6 A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the intended berth was not free and anyhow due to fog vessel would have been unable to proceed to that berth for 3 days, even if she was free. Under these circumstances when the ship can be considered an arrived ship?on arriving at usual waiting place, waiting for berthing 1once the vessel is at the intended berth 0once vessel has pilot on board 0imediately the berth is accesssible 0

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7 A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the intended berth was not free and she eventualy became free two days after vessels arrival. Shortly after the berth became available, navigation was suspended due to fog and vessel had to wait three days before she was berthed. Under these circumstances:

Laytime started after master tendered notice of readiness on vessel's berthing at intended berth and was running continously up to the end of loading or discharging operation. 0Laytime started as per ch/p, after master properly tendered notice of readiness and it was not interrupted by any event up the completion of loading or discharging operation 0Laytime started as per ch/p after master properly tendered notice of readiness on arrival at usual waiting place and it was only interrupted for vessels shifting from anchorage to the loading or discharging berth 0Laytime started as per ch/p, after master properly tendered notice of readiness on arrival at usual waiting place and it was interrupted once the berth became free and restarted after the vessel was berthed. 1

8 A ship needs some urgent spare parts and require help from a ship belonging to the same shipowner which is in the same region at sea. The spare parts can only be delivered if the two ships come one close to the other. Under these circumstances

it is always good to help ships belonging to the same owners and operation can go forward without any approval from the underwriters 0the operation can only be carried out if the charterers of the vessel deviating from the usual navigation route approve deviation 0it is forbiden to carry out this operation without prior approval from the underwriters 1this operation can be done at owners risk and expenses and there is no need for any approval from the insurance company 0

9 A ship with cargo on board is drifting without engine power in mid ocean and master is requesting towage. Would this action be considered a General Average Act?Yes, this action can be considered General Average, as sooner or later vessel may be in danger 1No, this action can not be considered General Average as there is no immediate danger 0This action can be considered general average only if weather forecast is not favourable 0No, this action can not be considered general average as it is owners fault that engine is not working0

10 A veesel is entitled to tender NOR if:repairs are underway for hatchcover of hold number 2 0repairs of main engine are under way 1minor repairs have to be made in each hold 0discharging is finished and cleaning is under way 0

11 A vessel employed on condition SSHEX EIU, arrives at loading port on a Friday late evening and laytime starts as from Monday morning. If during weeked work is carried out, then:

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actual time used will count only if there is a special provision that time used before commencement of laytime will count 1actual time used will never count as Saturdays, Sundays and holidays are excluded from laytime if work is carried out during this period 0actual time used will only count if shippers agree to change loading conditions from EIU to UU 0master is allowed not to start loading operation, unless shippers confirm that actual time used will count as laytime 0

12 A vessel is employed for loading a cargo from "one safe port Galatzi" and due to congestion port authorities order the vessel to drop anchor at Sulina bar and wait for a free berth. Under these circumstances the vessel is arrived shiponce the vessel drops anchor at Sulina road 1once the vessel is berthed at loading or discharging berth 0once the vessel arrives at Galatzi road 0once the vessel enter the administrative, fiscal and commercial area of Galatzi port 0

13 A vessel is fixed to load 3000 metric tons with a loading rate of 1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX EIU (Time from Friday 17.00 hours up to Monday 08.00 hours not to count even if used). Laytime starts on Thurdays at 14.00 hours and loading is completed on Saturday at 17:00 hours. If despatch agreed is USD 4000 per day or pro rata for all time saved what would be the total despatch payble to the charterers?14,000 USD 112,000 USD 07,500 USD 010,000 USD 0

14 A vessel is fixed to load 3000 metric tons with a loading rate of 1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX EIU (Time from Friday 17.00 hours up to Monday 08.00 hours not to count even if used). Laytime starts on Thurdays at 14.00 hours and loading is completed on Saturday at 17:00 hours. If despatch agreed is USD 4000 per day or pro rata for for working time saved what would be the total despatch payble to the charterers?14,000 USD 010,000 USD 07,500 USD 112,000 USD 0

15 A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 12000 metric tons and after completion of loading cargo distribution per hold is as follows: H1:3500 metric tons; H2:4900 metric tons; H3:4600 metric tons. If loading rate is 500 metric tons per hatch per weather working day, laytime allowed is4 days 19 hours 12 minutes 14 days 21 hours 36 minutes 04 days 19 hours 04 days 19 hours 10 minutes 0

16 A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 15000 metric tons and after completion of loading cargo distribution per hold is as follows: H1:4000

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metric tons; H2:5800 metric tons; H3:5200 metric tons. If loading rate is 500 metric tons per hatch per weather working day, laytime allowed is:10 days 06 days 15 days 19 hours 12 minutes 06 days 12 hours 0

17 A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 15000 metric tons and after completion of loading cargo distribution per hold is as follows: H1:4000 metric tons; H2:5800 metric tons; H3:5200 metric tons. If loading rate is 500 metric tons per working hatch per weather working day, laytime allowed is:6 days 05 days 19 hours 12 minutes 111 days 14 hours 24 minutes 05 days 19 hours 0

18 According to VOYLAYRULES 93 "clear days" shall meanthat the day on which the notice is given and the day on which the laytime expires are not included in the laytime calculations even if work is carried out during these days 0consecutive days commencing at 0000 hours on the day on which a notice is given and ending at 2400 hours on the last of the number of days stipulated. 0consecutive days commencing at 0000 hours on the day following that on which a notice is given and ending at 2400 hours on the last of the number of days stipulated. 1consecutive days commencing from the hour NOR was tendered and ending after number of days stipulated in the text of te laytime clause in the charterparty 0

19 According to VOYLAYRULES 93 despatch for all time saved should mean thatdespatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of loading or discharging to the departure of the vessel including periods excepted from laytime 0despatch money shall be payable from the time of pilot boarding for departure at load or discharge ports to the expiry of laytime including periods excepted from laytime 0despatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of loading or discharging to the the expiry of laytime including periods excepted from laytime 1despatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of loading or discharging to the the expiry of laytime excluding periods excepted from laytime 0

20 According to Voylayrules 93 the word "Demurrage" shall meana variable daily amount payable to the owner in respect of delay to the vessel beyond the laytime, for which the owner is not responsible 0an agreed amount payable to the owner in respect of berthing delay for which the owner is not responsible 0an agreed amount payable to the owner in respect of delay to the vessel beyond the laytime, for which the owner is not responsible 1

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an agreed amount payable to the owners in respect of not loading the vessel within the laytime, for which the charterer is not responsible 0

21 According to Voylayrules93 "reversible laytime" shall meanan option given to the charterer to compensate any time saved at loading or discharging port with any time excess time used at discharging or at loading port 0an option given to the charterer to use discharging terms and conditions at loading port and loading terms and conditions at discharging port in order to reduce demurrage 0that separate calculations are to be made for loading and discharging and that any time saved in one operation is to be set off against any excess time used in the other 0an option given to the charterer to add together the time allowed for loading and discharging and to calculate laytime as they are a single operation 1

22 According to VOYLAYRULES93 "weather working days" shall meana working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in progress. 1a working day or part of' a working day during which it is or, if the vessel is still waiting for her turn, it would he possible to load/discharge the cargo without interference due to the weather. If such interference occurs (or would have occurred if work had been in progress), there shall be excluded from the laytime a period calculated by reference to the ratio which the duration of the interference bears to the time which would have or could have been worked but for the interference. 0a working day of 24 consecutive hours including any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in progress. 0a working day or part of' a working day during which it is or it would be, if vessel is waiting for her turn, impossible to load/discharge the cargo due to the weather 0

23 According to VOYLAYRULES93 "working days, weather permiting" shall meana working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather would have prevented the loading or discharging of the vessel 0a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel 1a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in progress. 0a day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel 0

24 According with Gencon 94 standard form laytime shall commenceat 14.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given up to and including 12.00 hours, and at 08.00 hours next working day if notice given during office hours after 12.00 hours. 0at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given during stevdoring c ompany office hours , and at 06.00 hours next working day if notice given outside office hours 0at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given up to and including 12.00 hours, and at 06.00 hours next working day if notice given during office hours after 12.00 hours. 1at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is accepted up to and including 12.00 hours, and at 06.00 hours next working day if notice accepted during office hours after 12.00 hours. 0

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25 According with VOYLAYRULES 93 the word "berth" shall meanthe place where loading or discharging operation are normally carried out, even if at anchorage or at buoy 0the specific place within a port where the vessel is to load or discharge 1the specific place within or outside a port where the vessel is to load or discharge 0the place of loading or discharging nominated in a charterparty 0

26 According with VOYLAYRULES 93 the word "port" shall meana well defined area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and which is situated within commercial, fiscal and administrative area of a port authority0an area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall also include the usual places where vessels wait for their turn or are ordered or obliged to wait for their turn situated a reasonable distance from that area 0an area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall not include the usual places where vessels wait for their turn or are ordered or obliged to wait for their turn no matter the distance from that area 0an area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall also include the usual places where vessels wait for their turn or are ordered or obliged to wait for their turn no matter the distance from that area 1

27 Although at common law oral Notice of Readiness is acceptable, almost always the charterparty privides for tendering NOR in writing. In this context "in writing" shall meancertain visibly expressed form of reproducing words and should be limited to standard forms, letters, telex, fax, cable and e-mail if same are acceptable by legislation of flag state 0any visibly expressed form of reproducing words; the medium of transmission shall include electronic communications such as radio communications, telecommunications and VHF 0any visibly expressed form of reproducing words; the medium of transmission shall include electronic communications such as radio communications and telecommunications. 1only hand signed and stamped documents are acceptable as in this way there is a clear and unquestionable proof that they are not false notices send on behalf of the master by the owners 0

28 Are the vessels required by law to be H&M or P&I insured?Yes, owners are under a common law obligation to have H&M and P&I insurance 0Owners are under an obligation to have only H&M insurance 0Owners are under an obligation to have only P&I insurance 0Owners are under no obligation to have H&M and/or P&I insurance 1

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29 As a general rule, damages resulting from a collision between two ships are covered:100 % by H&M insurers 080% by H & M insurers and 20% by P&I insurers 075% by H & M insurers and 25% by P&I insurers 125% by H & M insurers and 75% by P&I insurers 0

30 Assuming that a Notice of Readiness is accepted by a charterer or his agent, when will laytime commence if charterparty contain a Notice of Readiness clause ?once the Notice of Readiness is accepted 0according with charterparty stipulations 1once the Notice of Readiness is given 0once loading commences 0

31 Can there be General Average where a time chartered ship is in ballast?Only if the the charterer has some hire to pay 0No, since there is no cargo on board there is not a common adventure 0Depends on the circumstances an accident occurs in 0Yes, since bunker is owned by the time charterers 1

32 Can there be General Average where a voyage chartered ship is in ballast?No, since there is no other party with property at risk 1Depends on the circumstances an accident occurs 0Yes, if vessel is deliberely grounded to save her from total loss 0Yes, if all conditions of a general average are met 0

33 Demurrage start countingafter master send a notice to charterers informing them that vessel is on demurrage 0once laytime has expired 1next working day after laytime expires 0once laycan has expired 0

34 Despatch is payablealways when loading or discharging is completed prior to expiration of laytime 0whenever demurrage are agreed 0only if charterparty contains a special provision 1whenever charterers require owners to pay for time saved 0

35 Do ship's masters and crew have an insurable interest in a maritime adventure?No, they have no insurable interest since they do not own the vessel or the cargo 0Yes, they have an insurable interest if they are shareholders of the company owning the ships 0Yes, they have an insurable interest in respect of their wages 1Yes, they have an insurable interest in respect of their jobs 0

36 Does the shipowner have a lien for General Average contributions?Yes, he has a common law lien on cargo in his possesion for its contribution to a General Average1Yes, he only has a contractual lien on cargo in his possesion for its contribution to a General Average0

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Yes, he has a lien on cargo General Average contributions, no matter if cargo is or not in his possesion0Yes, he is entitled to put lien on cargo for its contribution to a General Average at first port of refuge0

37 How are General Average losses paid for?Every party to a common adventure is covering its own looses if they are below the deductible, otherwise they are shared equaly between all involved parties 0They are equitably shared by all parties to the common adventure, each contributing in proportion to its percentage of the total values involved 1They are equally shared by all parties to the common adventure, each contributing with the same percentage from the loss involved 0They are dependent on the local or international law applicable to the contracts of carriage involved0

38 How can a master determine whether his ship is an arrived ship?By asking port authorities what is berthing time and droping anchor where ordered by port authorities0By tendering Notice of Readiness on droping anchor and waiting to see if shippers or receivers will accept such notice 0By checking the wording of the charterparty to see if it is a port charterparty or a berth charterparty and checking the ship's position 1By asking charterers when they can accept the Notice of Readiness and tendering it once it is required by charterers 0

39 How do shipowners obtain cover against third party liability?by procuring a special insurance for these kind of claims 0by entering their ships with H&M insurance company 0by entering their ships with a P&I club 1by procuring a FD&D insurance cover 0

40 How is "working day" defined by VOYLAYRULES93?A working day is a day or part of the day not expressly excluded from laytime 0A working day is a day not expressly excluded from laytime 1A working day is a day when work is carried out 0A working day is a day which can not be considered a holiday 0

41 How is a "holiday" defined by VOYLAYRULES93?A holiday is a day other than the normal weekly day(s) of rest, or part thereof, when by local law or practice the relevant work during what would otherwise be ordinary working hours is not normally carried out. 1A holiday is a day other than the normal weekly day of rest, when either by local law or practice the work is not carried out and which is so recorded in the yearly BIMCO Holiday Callendar 0A holiday is any day of the week including the normal weekly day(s) of rest, or part thereof, when by local law or practice the relevant work during what would otherwise be ordinary working hours is not normally carried out 0A holiday is a day other than the normal weekly day(s) of rest, or part thereof, when by local law or practice work is not normally carried out and can be decutected from laytime if time is not used. 0

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42 How is laytime calculated in containerised liner trade?Laytime is calculated according with Booking Note 0There is no laytime in container trade 1Laytime is claculated according with custom of the port 0Laytime is calculated based on vessel's capacity to load or discharge 0

43 How is the expression "Weather working days of 24 hours" defined by VOYLAYRULES93?

Above expression shall mean a working day of 24 working hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel if the vessel is a loading or discharging berth 0

Above expression shall mean a period of 24 working hours except for any time when weather allows the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have allowed it, had work been in progress. 0

Above expression shall mean a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in progress.

1Above expression shall mean that if at the loading or discharging port working time is of 8 hours per day then a weather working day of 24 hours can be considered like 3 normal weather working days. 0

44 How is the term "day" defined by VOYLAYRULES93?Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted as a day. 0Day shall mean a continuous period of 24 hours which, unless the context otherwise requires, runs from comencement of laytime. 0Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted pro rata. 1Day shall mean a period of twenty-four working hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted pro rata. 0

45 How is the term "running day" or "consecutive day" defined by VOYLAYRULES 93?Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted as a day. 0Day shall mean a continuous period of 24 hours which, unless the context otherwise requires, runs from comencement of laytime. 0Day shall mean a period of twenty-four consecutive hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted pro rata. 1Day shall mean a period of twenty-four working hours running from 0000 hours to 2400 hours. Any part of a day shall be counted pro rata. 0

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46 How should a master react when his ship is in a position of peril?he should wait in the hope that the situation may improve 0he should act with urgency in the interests of safety and pollution prevention 1he should contact immediately the owners and wait for their decision 0he should act in the interests of all parties involved in a common adventure 0

47 If a charterparty provides for a Notice of readiness to be tendered, but does not provide for laytime commencement thenlaytime will start once Notice of readiness is properly tendered 1laytime will start once Notice of readiness is accepted 0laytime will start once loading or discharging operation commences 0laytime will start as per custom of port 0

48 If a notice of readiness is tendered before the vessel is in every way ready for loading or discharging and it is accepted by the shippersa new notice of readiness is required when the vessel is actualy ready 0no further notice of readiness is required 1a "without prejudice" notice is required 0it is master's option if he tenders a new notice of readiness or not 0

49 If a vessel completes loading before expiry of laytime and she is delayed another 2 days due to a dispute between master and charterers over cargo documents thenowners are entitled to damages for detention for all time lost 1owners are entitled to damages for detention only after expiry of laytime 0owners are entitled to demurrage only after expiry of laytime 0owners are not entitled to any compensation 0

50 If a vessel is employed for loading a cargo from berth 35 at Constanta port. Under these circumstances the vessel is considered an arrived shipwhen the vessel enter the administrative, legal and fiscal area of the port of Constanta 0once the vessel drops anchor at Constanta port road 0once the vessel is berthed at berth 35 at Constanta port 1once the pilot is on board and the vessel proceed to berth 35 0

51 If a vessel is fixed for L/C 10/20 December 2006 and she arrives at loading port on 8th December 2006. Under these circumstances:the master can not tender NOR before 10th December even if the vessel is in all respects ready to load before 0the master can tender NOR anytime after arrival, if the vessel is in all respects ready to load 1the master can tender NOR on 10th December after passhing hold inspection 0the master can tender NOR anytime between 10 and 20 December as this the agreed Lay Can 0

52 If a vessel is found unfit for loading after berthing and charterer require her to vacate that berth, the master

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should agree to vacate the berth and in the same time inform P&I correspondent 0should not agree to this unless there is a clause in the charterparty giving the charateres the right to order the vessel off the berth, in which case the order should come from charterers to the master via the owners 1should comply with charterers request as vessel can not load 0should ask charterers to gurantee that vessel will berth again once the holds are clean and dry 0

53 If a vessel is insured the assured is requiredto carry on his activities without fear for any loss as the insurance company has to cover any loss 0to carry on his activities with great care in order to avoid any risk for damages or looses 0to carry on his activities as a prudent uninsured person 1to ask always for underwriters permission when he feels like the risk is higher than usual 0

54 If a vessel is on demurrage for 3 days and 8 hours and demurrage rate is USD 9000 per day and pro rata, then demurrage payable to the owners is:USD 27,000 0USD 30,000 1USD 36,000 0USD 33,000 0

55 If a vessel is on demurrage for 3 days and 8 hours and demurrage rate is USD 9000 per day, then demurrage payable to the owners is:USD 27,000 0USD 36,000 1USD 30,000 0USD 33,000 0

56 If a vessel is on despatch for 2 days and 12 hours and despatch rate is USD 5000 per day and pro rata, then despatch payable to the charterers isUSD 12,500 1USD 10,000 0USD 15,000 0USD 13,000 0

57 If a vessel is on despatch for 2 days and 12 hours and despatch rate is USD 5000 per day then despatch payable to the charterers isUSD 12,500 0USD 10,000 1USD 15,000 0USD 13,000 0

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58 If a vessel is sailing toward a breaking up port and she is lost on the way, the underwriters will pay to the ownersmarket value of the vessel at the time of loss 0scrap value of the vessel 1value mentioned on the insurance policy 0a negociated value between owners and underwriters 0

59 If an insured loss occurs before a policy has been drawn up and signed, are the underwriters liable to pay a claim?No, one of the documents required to get a claim paid is the policy and if same is not signed claim can not be settled 0Yes, once an agreement is made the underwriters have to cover all insured losses 1No, without a signature it can not be a valid insurance policy 0Depends on the applicable law and only a court of law can say if underwriters are liable or not 0

60 If contract of carriage is silent on procedure and rules aplicable to a General Average situation thenGeneral average is settled in accordance with the rules aplicable in the country where the voyage starts0General average is settled in accordance with the rules aplicable in the first port of refuge 0General average is always settled in accordance with the latest version of York-Antwerp rules 0General average is settled in accordance with the rules aplicable in the country where the voyage terminates 1

61 If deck cargo has to be jettisoned as a General Average act, what is the cargo owners's position under the York-Antwerp Rules?The cargo owners position is the same like the cargo was loaded under deck and they contribute to General Average or receive contribution from the other parties to the adventure if their cargo is lost or is saved during a Gereal Average operation 0Unless the cargo is carried on deck in accordance with a recognised custom of the trade, the cargo owner will have no claim under York-Antwerp Rules to a General Average contribution from the other parties to the adventure 1The cargo owners will neither contribute to General Average or receive contribution from the other parties to the adventure if their cargo is lost or is saved during a Gereal Average operation 0

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The cargo owner will have no claim under York-Antwerp Rules to a General Average contribution from the other parties to the adventure no matter if cargo is loaded on the deck with a recognised custom of the trade or not 0

62 If despatch is payable and there is no provision about the method of calculation then:despatch is payable for working time saved 0owners have the right to decide what method is to be used 0charterers have the right to decide what method is to be used 0despatch is payable for all time saved 1

63 If loading or discharging rate is "1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX unless used" then:time used before commencement of laytime will count 0Saturdays, Sundays and holidays are excluded even if work is carried on during these days 0only actual time used on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays will count as laytime 1time lost due to bad weather will count as laytime or time on demurrage 0

64 If the abbreviation "EIU" is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo then:actual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall count as loading or discharging time 0actual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall not count as loading or discharging time 1if work is carried out for a certain number of hours during an excepted day, only actual time used shall count as loading or discharging time 0if work is carried out for a certain number of hours during an excepted day, entire day shall count as loading or discharging time 0

65 If the abbreviation "SHEX" is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo, thenSaturdays and holidays are not counted as laytime 0Sundays and holidays are not counted as laytime 1Sundays and holidays are counted as laytime 0Saturdays or Sundays and holidays are not counted as laytime 0

66 If the abbreviation "SHINC" is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo, thenSaturdays and holidays are counted as laytime 0Sundays and holidays are counted as laytime 1Sundays and holidays are not counted as laytime 0Saturdays or Sundays and holidays not counted as laytime 0

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67 If the charterparty is silent on counting shifting time from anchorage to loading or discharging berth and laytime has commenced, thenshifting time is counted as laytime 1shifting time is excluded from laytime 0half of the shifting time is counted as laytime 0shifting time is always excluded from laytime 0

68 If the charterparty is silent on counting shifting time from anchorage to loading or discharging berth and on arrival, the vessel is proceeding straigth to that berth, then shifting time is counted as: laytime 0shifting time is excluded from laytime 1half of the shifting time is counted as laytime 0shifting time is always counted as laytime 0

69 If the expression "unless used" is used in a clause related to loading or discharging of the cargo thenactual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall count as loading or discharging time 1actual time used during the excepted periods, before or after commencement of laytime, shall count as loading or discharging time 0if work is carried out for a certain number of hours during an excepted day, all day shall count as loading or discharging time 0actual time used during the excepted periods, after commencement of laytime, shall not count as loading or discharging time 0

70 If there is no provision in the charterparty about the method of calculating laytime at loading and discharging ports thenlaytime is calculated separately for ports of loading and discharging 1laytime is calculated as reversible laytime as this is good for all parties involved 0laytime is calculated based on charterers right to average laytime 0arbitartors will decide what is most appropiate method of calculating laytime 0

71 In a multiport discharge, is it necessary to note a sea protest at each discharge port?perhaps, depending on local law 1no, sea protest can be noted at any discharge port 0only at first port, if there is only one charterer 0yes, it is compulsory to note a sea protest at every port of call 0

72 In addition to the shipowners, who should the master notify whenever his vessel is in a position of peril?H&M and P&I insurers 0the nearest coastguard station or coast radio station in the Coastal State 1

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the maritime administation of the flag state 0P&I club corespondent in the nearest coastal state 0

73 In voyage charter instructions, abbreviation "DHDATSBE" shall mean:that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all time saved at both loading and discharging ports 1that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all working time saved at both loading and discharging port 0that demurrage is half of despatch and it will be calculated for all time saved at both loading and discharging ports 0that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for actual time saved at both loading and discharging ports 0

74 In voyage charter instructions, abbreviation "DHDWTSBE" shall mean:that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all time saved at both loading and discharging ports 0that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for all working time saved at both loading and discharging port 1that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for weather working time saved at both loading and discharging ports 0that despatch is half of the demurrage and it will be calculated for actual time saved at both loading and discharging ports 0

75 In voyage charter instructions, abbreviation "FDBE" shall meanthat at both loading and discharging port there will be no demurrage payable to the owners 0that at both loading and discharging port there will be no detention payable to the owners 0that at both loading and discharging port there will be no despatch payable to the charterers 1that at both loading and discharging port there will be no despatch payable to the shippers or receivers0

76 In what way are P&I Clubs concerned with salvage?P&I clubs are involved in salvage cases since they pay the salvage reward 0P&I clubs are involved in salvage cases if there is risk of General Average 0P&I clubs are involved in salvage cases if there is risk of pollution 1P&I clubs are not involved in salvage cases since salvage is covered by H&M insurance 0

77 Lloyds' Corporation isthe biggest insurance company in the world 0a company offering logistic and financial support to Lloyds' Syndicates 1both an insurance company and an insurance exchange 0a coffee house where traders and insurers meet and do business together 0

78 On what basis do the parties to a common adventure contribute to General Average?

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Parties to a common adventure contribute to General Average according to their sound market value at the time of departure from last loading port 0Parties to a common adventure contribute to General Average according to their sound market value at the termination of the adventure 1Parties to a common adventure contribute to General Average according to their sound market value at the time of general average act 0Parties to a common adventure contribute to General Average according to their sound market value after temporary repairs. 0

79 Refrigerating machinery of a reefer vessel breaks down during a loaded voyage through tropical waters and master decide to put the vessel into a port of repairs. This action willbe considered General Average since the cargo, the freight and the ship will be able to continue the voyage after repairs 0not be considered General Average since only the cargo and freight are at risk 1be considered General Average since the danger of cargo damage is real and substantial 0be considered General Average only if H&M insurers agree with this 0

80 Salvage apply toagreements voluntarily entered in to save property from vessels that already sunk 0agreements voluntarily entered in to provide harbour tugs 0agreements voluntarily entered in to to tow vessels broken down that are not in danger 0agreements voluntarily entered in to save vessels not having cargo on board 1

81 Ships C and D are in collision with cargo looses of $ 0.5 milion and $ 0.3 million respectively. Ship C is deemed 60% liable and ship D is 40% liable. Both cargoes are fully insured. Under these circumstances the the insurers of ship C will pay to underwriters of the cargo on board ship D:$ 0.12 milion 1$ 0.18 milion 0$ 0.3 milion 0$ 0.2 milion 0

82 Ships C and D are in collision with cargo looses of $ 0.5 milion and $ 0.3 million respectively. Ship C is deemed 60% liable and ship D is 40% liable. Both cargoes are fully insured. Under these circumstances the the insurers of ship D will pay to underwriters of the cargo on board ship C:$ 0.12 milion 0$ 0.18 milion 0$ 0.3 milion 0$ 0.2 milion 1

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83 Statement of Facts is adocument drawn up by the stevedoring company listing the working and non working periods together with reasons for work interruptions from the moment the vessel start loading or discharging 0document drawn up by shipowners or charterers which details the time worked together with the laytime used and compare the latter with time allowed and based on this calculate either the demurrage or despatch. 0document drawn up by ship's agent and signed by master and stevedoring company which details the time worked together with the laytime used and compare the latter with time allowed 0document drawn up by ship's agent and signed by the master and the stevedoring company listing all events with impact on loading or discharging operations from arrival up to departure 1

84 Statement of Facts is drawn up by:the master and is countersigned by the stevedoring company and ship's agent 0ship's agent and is countersigned by charterers and shipowners 0ship's agent and is coutersigned by the stevedoring company and the master 1the stevedoring company and is countersigned by the master 0

85 The charterer is under an obligation to load or discharge as fast as possible in the circumstances prevailing at the time of loading or discharging if the vessel is employed on conditionCustom of the port 0Customary quick dispach 1As fast as the vessel can receive or deliver 0As fast as the charterers can receive or deliver 0

86 The main particularity of commencement of laytime in a tanker charterparty is that:laytime usually commences at 07.00 next working day subject to weather permitting 0laytime usually commences on expiration of a certain number of hours after tendering notice of readiness 1laytime usually commences on expiration of a certain number of days after tendering notice of readiness

0at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given during office hours , and at 06.00 hours next working day if notice given outside office hours 0

87 Time between the moment Notice of Readiness is tendered and commencement of laytime is known asLay time 0Free time 1Shifting time 0Dead time 0

88 Time used for loading or discharging before commencement of laytime is always counted as laytime 0is never counted as laytime 0is counted as laytime only if there is a special provision in chartereparty 1is counted as laytime only if shippers do not ask for despatch money 0

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89 Under what rules is General Average usually adjusted?Hamburg Rules 0Hague or Hague-Visby Rules 0York-Antwerp Rules 1York - Hamburg Rules 0

90 What are the main functions of a P&I club?To insure member shipowners and operators against third party liabilities not covered by their hull and machinery policies and to compensate members against them 1To insure member cargo owners against shipowners liabilities not covered by their cargo insurance policies and to compensate members against them 0To offer member shipowners and operators alternative to their hull and machinery policies and to help them reduce insurance costs 0To offer freedom of operation to member shipowners and operators and allow them to carry on their activities without fear of losses 0

91 What can be said about the relationship between "despatch for all time saved" and "despatch for working time saved"?despatch for all time saved is always higher than despatch for working time saved 0despatch for all time saved is equal or higher than despatch for working time saved 1despatch for all time saved is always lower than despatch for working time saved 0despatch for all time saved is equal or lower than despatch for working time saved 0

92 What can be the result of a laytime calculation?Result of a laytime calculation can be either demurrage or despatch 0

Result of a laytime calculation can be demurrage, despatch or time used can be equal with time allowed

1Result of a laytime calculation can either be positive or negative depending who is calculating 0

Result of a laytime calculation can be despatch is charterers make calculatios or demurrage if owners make calculations 0

93 What do you understand by "charterers right to average laytime"?It means that charterer has the liberty to add together loading and discharging time and make the calculations like loading and discharging are a single operation 0It means that charterer has the liberty to add together loading and discharging time and divide it at two and thereafter to calculate laytime 0It means that separate calculations are to be made for loading and discharging and that any time saved in one operation is to be set off against any excess time used in the other 1

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It means that separate calculations are to be made for loading and discharging and that any despatch resulting from one operation is to be set off against any demurrage paid in the other 0

94 What do you understand by abbreviation "IUATUTC?" If Used, Actual Time Used to CountIt means that in case work is carried out before commencement of laytime actual time used before commencement of laytime will not count as laytime 0It means that in case work is carried out before commencement of laytime actual time used before commencement of laytime will count as laytime 0It means that in case some periods are excluded from laytime and work is carried out during this period actual time used will not count as laytime 0It means that in case some periods are excluded from laytime and work is carried out during this period actual time used will count as laytime 1

95 What do you understand by abbreviation "Wibon"? Whether in Berth or NotIt means that if no loading or discharging berth is available on her arrival, the vessel, on reaching any usual waiting-place at or off the port, shall be entitled to tender notice of readiness from it and laytime shall commence in accordance with the charter party. 1

It means that if no loading or discharging berth is available on her arrival, the vessel, on reaching any usual waiting-place within the port, shall be entitled to tender notice of readiness from it and laytime shall commence in accordance with the charter party. 0

It means that if no loading or discharging berth is reachable on her arrival the vessel, on reaching any usual waiting-place at or off the port, shall be entitled to tender notice of readiness from it and laytime shall commence in accordance with the charter party. 0

It means that if loading or discharging berth is free but vessel can not berth on her arrival the vessel, on reaching any usual waiting-place at or off the port, shall be entitled to tender notice of readiness from it and laytime shall commence in accordance with the charter party. 0

96 What do you understand by abbreviation "Wiccon"? Whether in Customs Clearance or NotIt means that the vessel can tender the notice of readiness even if coustom formalities have not been completed 1

It means that the vessel can only tender the notice of readiness if custom formalities has been completed 0

It means that the vessel can tender the notice of readiness even if free practique has not been obtained

0

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It means that the vessel can tender notice of readiness even if custom formalities are not completed, but if latter on custom clearance is not obtained notice of readiness will be considered invalid 0

97 What do you understand by abbreviation "Wifpon"? Whether in Free Pratique or NotIt means that the vessel can tender notice of readiness even if free practique is not obtained, but if latter on free practique is not obtained, notice of readiness will be considered invalid 0

It means that the vessel can only tender the notice of readiness if free practique has been obtained0

It means that the vessel can only tender the notice of readiness if coustom formalities have been completed 0

It means that the vessel can tender notice of readiness even if free practique has not been obtained1

98 What do you understand by abbreviation "Wipon"?It means that master can tender notice of readiness only if the vessel is within the port limits, is waiting at usual waiting place and where she was ordered by port authorities 0

It means that master can tender notice of readiness even if the vessel is not within the port limits, but is waiting at usual waiting place or where she was ordered by port authorities 1

It means that master can tender notice of readiness if the vessel is not within the port limits, but she can arrive at usual waiting place or where she will be ordered by port authorities within maximum 2 hours0

It means that master can tender notice of readiness if the vessel is arriving within the port limits before charterers require the vessel to proceed to the berth 0

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99 What do you understand by abbreviation "WWWW " in the context of tendering notice of readiness?It means that notice of readiness can only be tendered once the vessel is within the port limits or at usual waiting place or where she was odered by port authorities, in a berth and with free practique and custom clearance obtained 0

It means that notice of readiness can be tendered if the vessel is withinn the port limits or at usual waiting place or where she was ordered by port authorities no matter if free parctice or custom clearance has been obtained or not 1

It means that notice of readiness can be tendered if the vessel is within the port limits or at usual waiting place or where she was ordered by port authorities no matter if she is in a berth of not but free practice and custom clearance has been obtained 0

It means that only in a berth charterparty notice of readiness can be tendered if the vessel is within the port limits or at usual waiting place or where she was ordered by port authorities no matter if free parctice or custom clearance has been obtained or not 0

100 What do you understand by calculable laytime?It means that, according to custom of the port, an expert will calculate how many days are allowed to the charererer or his agents for completion of loading or discharging. 0

It means that laytime for loading or disching is calculated by division of vessels deadweight cargo capacity to the agreed loading or discharging rate 0

It means that laytime for loading or disching is calculated by division of quantity of cargo loaded or discharged to the agreed loading or discharging rate 1

It means that laytime for loading or disching is calculated by division of ship's displacement the agreed loading or discharging rate 0

101 What do you understand by laydays?The period during which the ship is obliged by the charterparty to present herself at the loading port, and during which the charterers are not obliged to accept the ship for loading. 0

The period during which the ship is oblidged by the charterparty to present herself at the discharging port, and during which the charterers are obliged to accept the ship for discharging. 0

The period during which the ship is obliged by the charterparty to present herself at the loading port, and during which the charterers are obliged to accept the ship for loading. 1

The period during which the ship is obliged by the charterparty to present herself at the loading port, and during which the charterers are obliged to complete loading operations. 0

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102 What do you understand by term "EXCEPTED" or "EXCLUDED" used in a laytime clause?It means that the days specified do not count as laytime unless loading or discharging is carried out on them 0It means that the days specified count as laytime if loading or discharging is carried out on them. 0It means that the days specified count as laytime only if loading or discharging is carried out on them.0It means that the days specified do not count as laytime even if loading or discharging is carried out on them. 1

103 What does "Indemnity" mean in the term "Protection and Indemnity"?protection against thirst party liabilities not covered by hull and machinery policies 0compensation to shipowners for sums paid out in claims against them 1compensation for exposure to the one fourth of collision liability that London hull and machinery underwriters traditionally do not cover 0compensation to shipowners for all looses that may apear during a maritime adventure 0

104 What does "Protection" mean in the term "Protection and Indemnity"Protection against vessel's arrest for right or wrong cargo claims for which owners are responsible0Protection from exposure to the three fourths of collision liability that London hull and machinery underwriters traditionally do not cover 0Protection from exposure to the one fourth of collision liability that London hull and machinery underwriters traditionally do not cover 1Protection against claims made by third parties as a result of some accidents on boart 0

105 What does the expression "ready to load" means?It means that the vessel should be ready either phisically or legaly 0It means that the vessel should be ready both phisically and legaly 1It means that the vessel should have at least 2 holds ready for loading on berthing 0it means that the vessel is in every way fit for the voyage 0

106 What happens after General Average Bonds, Guarantees and Deposits are collected?Cargo is retained under owners custody till settlement 0Vessel is free to leave the port 0Cargo is delivered to the receivers 1Vessel will start discharging of the cargo 0

107 What happens if Notice of Readiness is tendered whilst at anchor, before a required hold survey is made, and the ship then fails the surveyA new Notice of readiness is tendered immediately after inspection if master consider at least one hold is ready for loading 0

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No further Notice of readiness is required as in this way owners loose the right to cclaim demurrage for time lost 0No further Notice of Readiness is required as anyhow time lost will not count 0A new Notice of readiness will have to be tendered once the holds pass another survey 1

108 What is "particular average"?every damage to a property generated by a maritime peril and for which master/crew is not responsble0only damages suffered by a vessel or cargo as a result of a maritime accident 0a fortuitous partial loss caused by a peril insured against 1a intentional partial loss caused by a peril insured against 0

109 What is a "Notice of readiness"?A notice given to the charterer, shipper, receiver or any other persons as required by the charterparty that the vessel will arrive at the port or berth and will be ready to load or discharge as the case may be.0A notice given to shipowners agent at loading or discharging port that the vessel has arrived at the port or berth and is in all respects ready to load or discharge as the case may be. 0A notice given to the charterer, shipper, receiver or other persons as required by the charterparty that the vessel has arrived at the port or berth and is ready to load or discharge as the case may be. 1A notice given to the shipowners for further forwarding to charterer, shipper, receiver or other persons as required by the charterparty that the vessel has arrived at the port or berth and is ready to load or discharge as the case may be. 0

110 What is a call in the context of P&I insurance?a premium levied on P&I Club's members by the club managers 1an indemnity paid by P&I Club to its members for damages suffered 0a fixed premium paid for entering the vessel in to a P&I Club 0a fixed premium paid for releasing the vessel from a P&I club 0

111 What is a deductible in a hull and machinery policy?a claim value or threshold which must be reached before any claim will be met by the insurer 1a claim value or threshold which must not be passed before any claim will be met by the insurer 0a variable amount which is deducted from any insurance claim paid by the insurer 0an amount which is deducted from insurance claim and which is negotiable for every casualty 0

112 What is a deductible in a P&I club policy?a compulsory minimum charge payable by the shipowners to their P&I club for each loss they recover under an insurance policy 0a compulsory excess applied by the club, so that the cargo owner has to bear the first part of each claim himself 0a compulsory excess applied by the club, so that the owner has to bear the first part of each claim himself 1

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a maximum amount covered by P&I clubs, so that the owner has to bear all amounts over the stated maximum 0

113 What is a general average act?A general average act is any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure that is incurred in time of peril for the purpose of preserving the property from peril in a common adventure and which is equally shared by all interested parties. 0

A general average act is any sacrifice or expenditure that is voluntarily and reasonably incurred in time of peril no matter what is the actual outcome of the maritime expedition. 0

A general average act is any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure that is voluntarily and reasonably incurred in time of peril for the purpose of preserving the property from peril in a common adventure1

A general average is any sacrifice or expenditure that is voluntarily and reasonably incurred for the purpose of protecting the ship and the cargo on board against perils in a common adventure 0

114 What is a General Average Adjuster?a person usually appointed by shipowners or insurers for adjusting and providing the general average statement showing contribution and compansation of every party involved 1

a person always appointed by court for adjusting and providing the general average statement showing contribution and compensation for every interested party involved 0

a person usually appointed by shipowners or insurers for calculation of losses involved in a maritime disaster and contribution of each party involved in the common adventure 0

a person usually appointed by shipowners or insurer for establishing the reasons for a general average situation and deciding who is responsible and who will pay the losses 0

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115 What is a General Average loss?A partial loss incurred through a deliberate act performed with the intention of protecting owners interests involved in a voyage from a danger which threatens the vessel 0

A partial loss incurred through a fortuitous act performed with the intention of protecting all the interests involved in a voyage from a danger which threatens them all 0

A partial loss incurred through a deliberate act performed with the intention of protecting all the interests involved in a voyage from a danger which threatens them all 1

A partial or total loss incurred through a deliberate act performed with the intention of protecting all the interests involved in a voyage from a danger which threatens them all 0

116 What is a sea protest or maritime protest?

A solemn declaration made by a charterer under oath before a notary public to the effect that the loss, damage or delay to the ship or its cargo have been caused by circumstances beyond the charterers' control. 0

A letter of protest sent to charterers for non loading properly the cargo and for this reason may be some loss, damage or delay to the ship or its cargo during the course of the voyage 0

A solemn declaration made by a shipmaster under oath before a notary public to the effect that the loss, damage or delay to the ship or its cargo have been caused by circumstances beyond the master's control. 1

A declaration registered by the master in the deck log book to the effect that he is exonerating the ship from any claims for loss, damage or delay that have been caused by circumstances beyond the master;s control. 0

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117 What is a time-sheet?A time sheet is a document drawn up by shipowners or charterers which details the time worked together with the laytime used and compare the latter with time allowed and based on this calculate either the demurrage or despatch. 1

A time sheet is a document drawn up by master after completion of the voyage to evaluate if the charterers have detained the vessel more that allowed by the charterparty and in this case demurrage is due. 0

A time sheet is a document drawn up by ship brokers at the end of the voyage to record the time not worked and reason for not working which is used to calculate either the demurrage or despatch amounts due to owners or charterers as the case may be. 0

A time sheet is a document drawn up by ship's agent at loading or discharging port to record the time worked and not worked and which is used to calculate either the demurrage or despatch amounts due to owners or charterers as the case may be. 0

118 What is a waranty in insurance law?a term of the policy which when breached allow the underwriter to get compensation from the assured0a promise by the underwriter that something will or will not be done, or that some obligation will be fulfilled. 0a promise by the assured that something will or will not be done, or that some obligation will be fulfilled. 1a term of the policy which when breached allow the assured to get compensation from the underwriter0

119 What is an Act of God?all natural events including wind and waves 0some unforseen and unpreventable natural event 1an event produced without fault of the owner or master 0an unavoidable accident of the sea 0

120 What is an Average Guarantee?A signed undertaking given by the cargo receivers stating that, in return for delivery to the or their order of the goods noted in the bond, they agree to pay the proper proportion of any General Average charges. 0A cargo underwriter's signed guarantee, given in consideration of delivery of the goods to their consignee without collection of a General Average deposit. 1A letter of guarantee given by the cargo underwriters for not keeping the owners responsible for any General Average damages to cargo 0

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A ship underwriter's signed guarantee, given in consideration of releasing the vessel to its owners without collection of a General Average deposit. 0

121 What is barratry?A wrongful act wilfully commited by the charterers or crew to the prejudice of the owner or receiver0A negligent act commited by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner or charterer. 0A wrongful act wilfully commited by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner or charterer.1A wrongful act wilfully commited by the owners or crew to the prejudice of the owner of goods 0

122 What is cancelling date?The final day of laydays, after which, if the ship presents herself at the loading port, charterers have the option to cancel the charterparty. 1The final day of laydays, after which, if the ship presents herself at the discharging port, charterers have the option to cancel the charterparty. 0The final day of laytime, after which, if the ship fails to complete loading operation, charterers have the option to cancel the charterparty. 0The final day of laydays, after which, if the ship presents herself at the loading port, owners have the option to cancel the charterparty. 0

123 What is despatch or despatch money?A monetary reward payable by owners to charterers for completion of cargo operations before the laytime has expired 1A monetary reward payable by charterers to owners for completion of cargo operation before laytime has expired 0A monetary reward payable by owners to charterers for completion of cargo operations after the laytime has expired 0A monetary reward payable by owners to agents for completion of cargo operations before the laytime has expired 0

124 What is laytime?The period of time agreed between the shipowner and the charterer during which the owner must make and keep the ship available for loading and/or discharging without payment additional to the freight.1

The period of time agreed between the shipowner and the charterer during which the owner must make and keep the ship available for loading and/or discharging with some payment additional to the freight.0

The period of time during which the vessel is obliged to present herself at the loading or discharging port, and during which charterers are obliged to accept the ship for loading or discharging. 0

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The period of time agreed between the shipowner and the charterer during which the charterer is performing the loading and/or discharging operation and during which owner must make and keep the ship available. 0

125 What is meant by "utmost good faith"?It means that the assured must disclose to the insurer, before the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is known to the assured. 1

It means that the assured must disclose to the insurer, after the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is known to the assured. 0

It means that the insurer must disclose to the assured, before the contract is concluded, every material circumstance which is known to the insurer. 0

It means that the assured must have some legal relationship to the subject matter insured, and must stand to benefit by its preservation or lose by its loss or damage 0

126 What is Sue and Labour Clause in a hull and machinery insurance policy?a clause that provides that the assured has no duty to take all reasonable steps to avert or minimize any loss for which a claim would be payable under the policy. In return, most costs incurred in taking such steps are recoverable from the underwriters. 0

a clause that provides that the assured has the duty to take all reasonable steps to avert or minimize any loss for which a claim would be payable under the policy. In return, most costs incurred in taking such steps are recoverable from the underwriters. 1

a clause that provides that the assured has the duty to take all reasonable steps to avert or minimize any loss for which a claim would be payable under the policy. In return, most costs incurred in taking such steps are not recoverable from the underwriters. 0

a clause that provides that the underwriter has the duty to take all reasonable steps to avert or minimize any loss for which a claim would be payable under the policy. In return, most costs incurred in taking such steps are recoverable from the assured. 0

127 What is the difference between expressions "per working hatch" and "per workable hatch""per working hatch" means that laytime is calculated basis number of holds under loading and "per workable hatch" means that laytime is calculated basis number of holds available 0

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the difference is not significant and only an arbitrator can decide the fine line of demarcation between the two expressions 0there is no difference between the two expressions 1there is a difference but for charterparty purposes it is not important 0

128 What is the difference between expressions "weather working days of 24 hours" and "weather working days of 24 consecutive hours" according to VOYLAYRULES 93?There are significant differences as according first expression a working day of 24 hours can extend itself over more days if work program at the port is less than 24 hours 0There is no difference 1There is a sensible difference, but only an arbitrator can decide it 0There are significant differences as according first expression a working day of 24 consecutive hours can extend itself over more days if work program at the port is less than 24 hours 0

129 What is the difference between the effect of a breaching a warranty in marine insurance law and in carriage of goods law?

Whereas in carriage of goods law breach of a warranty only allows the injured party to sue for damages, in insurance law breach of a warranty gives the insurer the right to regard the contract as discharged1

In both carriage of goods law and insurance law breach of a warranty allows the injured party either to sue for damages or gives him the right to regard the contract as discharged depending on the gravity of the breach 0

Whereas in insurance law breach of a warranty only allows the injured party to sue for damages, in carriage of goods law breach of a warranty gives the insurer the right to regard the contract as discharged 0

In neither carriage of goods law or insurance law breach of a warranty allows the injured party to regard the contract as discharged no matter how serious is the breach 0

130 What is the General Average position where deck cargo has been saved by a General Average act?If deck cargo is saved by a General average act, the owner of the deck cargo will have to pay a bonus to the owners on cargo delivery 0If deck cargo is saved by a General Average act, the owner of the deck cargo will be liable to make a General Average contribution 1If deck cargo is saved by a General Average act, the owner of the deck cargo will not be liable to make a General average contribution 0Only if deck cargo is loaded in accordance with the custom of the trade, the owner of the deck cargo will be liable to make a General Average contribution 0

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131 What is the General Average position where the jettisoned cargo was wrongfully stowed on deck?The shipowner will be liable for all losses to the goods owner 1The cargo owners will participate to general average losses 0The cargo owners will pay a smaller general average contribution 0If cargo is loaded legally or wrongfully on deck General average position does not change 0

132 What is the latest version of York - Antwerp Rules?1994 01990 02004 12006 0

133 What is the level of damages for detention?The level of damages for detention is always equal with the level of demurrage 0The level of damages for detention is always higher than the level of demurrage 0The level of damages for detention is determined by market potential of the vessel at the time of occurrence 1The level of damages for detention is determined by level of Baltic Dry Cargo Index at the begining of voyage 0

134 What is the meaning of "average" in the context of insurance?a loss generated by a maritime peril 0a partial or total loss of a property exposed to maritime perils 0a partial loss of a property exposed to maritime perils 1a partial loss incurred through deliberate act performed with the intention of protecting all interests involved in a maritime expedition 0

135 What is the meaning of "indemnity" in an insurance context?

To indemnify is to either replace goods lost or to offer financial compensation at assured option 0To indemnify is to replace goods damaged or lost and if same is not possible to offer financial compensation 0To indemnify is to make good a loss suffered, not by replacement of the subject matter lost, but by a financial payment 1To indemnify is to either replace goods lost or to offer financial compensation at underwriters option0

136 What is the purpose of Rule Paramount according to York-Antwerp 1994 Rules?According to Paramount Rule allowance for sacrifice or expenditure is only accepted if it is reasonably made or incurred 1Paramount Rule refers only to Hague Visby Rules and it is not applicable to General Average 0According to Paramount Rule allowance for sacrifoice or expenditure is accepted even if it is not reasonably made or incurred 0According to Paramount Rule master is under a duty to contact all the parties involved before declaring General Average 0

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137 What is the SCOPIC Clause ?The Special Compensation P&I Clause, a suplementary clause to LOF 95 and 2000 contracts that provides for a alternative method of assessing Special Compensation instead of method in Article 14 of the International Salvage Convention, 1989 1The Special Compensation P&I Clause, a suplementary clause to LOF 95 and 2000 contracts that provides for a alternative method of assessing Special Compensation instead of method in Article 14 of the International Salvage Convention, 1910 0The Special Compensation P&I Clause, a suplementary clause to LOF 95 and 2000 contracts that provides for a suplimentary method of assesing Special Compensation instead of method in Article 14 of the International Salvage Convention, 1989 0The Special Compensation P&I Clause, a suplementary clause to LOF 95 and 2000 contracts that provides for a discriminatory method of assessing Special Compensation instead of method in Article 14 of the International salvage Convention, 1989 0

138 When a master is not sure if a notice of readiness is valid or nothe should continue tendering "without prejudice notices" whenever the situation is changing 1he should wait and see if the first notice is accepted and only if is not accepted to tender another one0he should ask a lawyer about validity of the notice of readiness 0he is not required to send a new notice of readiness 0

139 When a ship is disabled, but plenty of nearby ships are willing to assist, why is the master required to contact the owners if he has time to do so?master is not required to contact the owners as he is the one ultimately responsible for vessel and crew

0the owners should first get the approval for H&M and P&I insurers before deciding what offer they will accept 0the owners may be able to arrange cheaper towage services on a contractual basis 1the owners should contact all vessels offering assitance and negociate the salvage 0

140 When and where should General Average be declared?Before delivery of cargo to receivers at destination port 1After delivery of cargo to receivers at destination port 0Before delivery of the cargo to receivers at any intermediate port 0Before delivery of the cargo to receivers at the port of refuge 0

141 When considering whether to engage salvage assistance, what consideration should be uppermost in the mind of the master of a disabled ship, in addition to any threat to life, the ship and the cargo?the need to comply with requirements of safety management systems 0the need to avoid the vessel being reported as total loss 0the need to protect the interests of the H&M and P&I inrurers 0the need to avoid or reduce the risk of harm to the marine environment 1

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142 When should a master extend his initial sea protest?in maximum 48 hours after noting intial sea protest 0on completion of discharging operation at the last port of call after he see what are the cargo damages0when the relevant facts come to light e.g. when a surveyor report has been received 1when he receives a notice of claim from the shippers and based on the notice, he should protect the owners 0

143 When should a shipmaster note a sea protest following a heavy weather voyage?whenever he has some indications that receivers will lodge a claim against the vessel for possible cargo damage 0as soon as possible after arrival in port and where there may be cargo damage, preferably before breaking bulk 1before vessel departure from the port or immediately a cargo damage is discovered during discharging operation 0as soon as the vessel pass a bad weather area, the master is under an obligation to note a sea protest0

144 When the YORK-ANTWERP Rules apply to General Average settlement?Always when cargo is carried on sea and country where setlement is made has ratified York Antwerp Rules 0Whenever the cargo is carried by sea and a bill of lading or a charter party is issued 0Only when the York - Antwerp Rules are incorporated into the contract of carriage 1Only when charterer is based in a country that has ratified the York - Antwerp rules 0

145 Where (or before whom) can a sea protest be noted?before a responsible maritime authority at registration port or before the consul of the flag state0before authorised person under local law to adminsiter oaths and take sworn declarations at first port of call 1before authorised person under local law to adminsiter oaths and take sworn declarations at closest place after the event 0before any maritime authority able to check the correctness of master declarations at first port of call0

146 Where a master of a perfectly sound loaded ship prudently decides to run for shelter from an approaching storm, this actioncan be considered General Average, since the master is avoiding a real and substantial peril 0can not be considered General Average, since the measure is purely a precaution of a prudent seaman1can be considered Particular Average, since the master is avoiding the damage of the vessel 0can be considered Particular Average only if the vessel and/or cargo are partly damaged 0

147 Where a ship is in danger, is the master of a vessel rendering assistance under any obligation to save the ship as well as the crew?No, shipmaster is under no statutory obligation to save the ship or the crew 0Yes, shipmaster is under a statutory obligation to save the ship and the crew 0No, shipmaster is under a statutory obligation to save human lives only 1No, shipmasters are under a statutory obligation to save the ship only 0

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148 Where there is a fire in a cargo on board a ship and it is extinguished by releasing CO2, which of the below is considered particular average?damage done by CO2 0fire damaged cargo 1both fire damaged cargo and CO2 damaged cargo 0either damaged cargo and CO2 damaged cargo at assured option 0

149 Which of the below statements are NOT in accordance with IWL?some areas of the world are open for navigation all the year 0some areas of the world are closed for navigation all the year 0some areas of the world are open for navigation part of the year and closed for navigation for the rest of the year 0every area of the world is open for navigation part of the year 1

150 Which party is responsible for obtaining cargo insurance?The seller of the goods 0Either the seller or the buyer of the goods, depending on the terms of sale 1The buyer of the goods 0Either the seller or the buyer of the goods, depending on the Bill of Lading ownersship 0

151 Who is allowed to obtain insurance at Lloyd's?insurance brokers 0shipowners 0Lloyd's Insurance brokers 1cargo owners 0

152 Why is often important to tender Notice of Readiness before weekend?This is important because quite often charterers want to see the vessel arriving before they go for weekend 0This is important because charterparty may be cancelled if Notice of Neadiness is not tendered before weekend 0This is important because in many ports shifting expenses are lower during weekend 0This is important because quite often Notice of Readiness can be tendered only during office working time and in this way at least few hours are saved 1

153 Why owners prefer to use York - Antwerp 1994 Rules instead of York Antwerp 2004 Rules?

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York-Antwerp 2004 Rules are too new on the market and there are not enough cases to understand how they are interpreted 0York-Antwerp 2004 Rules are more favourable to the shipowner in terms of what costs can be claimed in General Average 0York-Antwerp 2004 Rules are less favourable to the shipowner in terms of what costs can be claimed in General Average 1There is no difference between York-Antwerp 2004 Rules and York-Antwerp 1994 Rules in terms of what costs can be claimed in General Average0

154 Why should the right to "extend sea protest at a time and place convenient" be reserved?because it is always good to wait and see what will be the claim and based on it to modify some documents in order to protect owners interest 0because it may be difficult to ascertain whether there will be a claim or not from receivers side when first noting sea protest, and further facts may have to be added to the original protest 0because it may be impossible to ascertain the full extent of the loss or damage when first noting sea protest, and further facts may have to be added to the original protest 1because it is always good to wait and see if there will be a claim and thereafter to ask for instructions from a lawyer about what documents should be preserved and what documents to be destroyed0

155 You are the master of a ship in danger sending out a SOS message and the only vessel offering her services to save your crew, cargo and vessel is asking for a very high price. Under these circumstances you willaccept the service without thinking about money, as anyhow the reward for salvage will be established by the court 1continue negotiations and only if you reach an agreement accept the salvage 0contact imediately the owners, inform them about the the offer and wait for their instructions 0not accept the offer and wait for the next vessel to reply to your SOS message 0

156 A loaded bulk carrier receives a call for assisance from a vessel that has suffered a major engine breakdown in mid Atlantic. Which of the below should be the bulk carrier master's considerationd before offering a tow?whether contract of carriage gives his vessel the liberty to tow 1whether sufficient bunker is on board 1wether the value of the vessel requesting the tow, plus her cargo, if any, is likely to be enough value to merit a salvage service 1none of the above, since master is under an obligation to reply to a call for assitance 0

157 A valid notice of readiness is clearly mentioning thatthe ship is an arrived ship 1the ship is seaworthy from technical point of view 0the ship is in every way ready to start loading or discharging 1the ship will be ready to start loading or discharging before berthing 0

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158 A veesel is employed to load a cargo from berth 35 at Constanta port and that berth is not free on vessels arrival. If charterparty is including the expression "weather in berth or not", master is entitled to tender NORonce the vessel is within commercial, administrative or fiscal area of Constanta port 1once the vessel is berthed at berth 35 0once the vessel has pilot on board and is on her way to berth 35 0once the the vessel arrives at usual waiting place or where port authorities instruct her to wait 1

159 A vessel is employed for loading, under the same charterparty, from two ports for discharging at three ports. If the charperparty is silent on procedure for tendering Notice of readiness thenmaster is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness only at first loading port 1master is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness at all ports of call 1master is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness at all loading ports 0master is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness at first loading and first discharging port0

160 A vessel with various cargoes on board including 5 containers on deck collides with a tanker. During collission 2 containers slip into the sea and there is cargo damage at hold number 1. In order to avoid sinking the master decide to run aground and during the manouevre another container is jettisoned and the vessel loose the starboard anchor. After grounding temporar repairs are carried out and vessel proceed to a refuge port where she is docked. Under these circumstances below expenses and sacrifices are considered general average

the two containers lost lost durin collision 0cargo damage to hold number 1 0temporrar repairs while aground 1lost anchor 1

161 A vessel with various cargoes on board including 5 containers on deck collides with a tanker. During collission 2 containers slip into the sea and there is cargo damage at hold number 1. In order to avoid sinking the master decide to run aground and during the manouevre another container is jettisoned and the vessel loose the starboard anchor. After grounding temporar repairs are carried out and vessel proceed to a refuge port where she is docked. Under these circumstances below expenses and sacrifices are considered particular average

container jettisoned 0cargo damage to hold number one 1temporary repairs t the ship 0the 2 containers lost during collision 1

162 Assessment of premium for a H&M insurance can iniatially be divided into below distinct two elementsthe total loss element 1

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the general average element 0the salvage element 0the particular average element 1

163 By including a demurrage clause in a charterpartycharterers interests are satisfied as even if he fail to load the vessel in time agreed they are allowed to complete loading in exchange of a fixed penalty 1owners interests are satisfied as if the vessel delays more than the charterparty provides for, they are allowed to a daily compensation 1only owners interests are satisfied as they are not loosing anything while charterers are paying more money 0only charterers interests are satisfied as owners may loose next employment due to charterers failure to load in time 0

164 Damages for detention are paidif laytime has expired and demurrage has not been provided for 1after the number of allowed demurrage days has passed and further delays occurs 1if indeterminate laydays have been agreed and reasonable time for loading or discharging has expired1if the owners are unreasonably preventing cargo operation due vessel deficiencies 0

165 Demurrage is countedcontinously from the moment laytime expires up to completion of loading 1without alowing for laytime exceptions like weather, holidays etc 1allowing bad weather time to be deducted from the laytime 0in the same way like laytime for porst of loading and ports of discharging 0

166 Demurrage is NOT payble if:vessel is under hatch cover repairs for holds already loaded 0vessel is shifted at anchorage by port authorities to wait for cargo 0ship's cranes are damaged and owners do not agree to pay for shore cranes 1vessel is bunkering and this operation prevents loading or discharging operations 1

167 Demurrage is ussualy paidper running day or pro rata 1per working day or pro rata 0per weather working day or pro rata 0per consecutive day or pro rata 1

168 Hull and machinery insurance can be considered null ifvessel is engaged in unlawful ventures 1damage or loss is generated by fault or privity of the shipowners 1vessel is employed without charterparties 0there is a breach of an express guarantee 1

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169 If a vessel arrives at loading port on a Friday late evening, laytime start as from Monday morning and work is carried out during the weekend thenactual time used will count only if the vessel is employed on condition SSHEX UU0actual time used will count even if there is a provision that time used before commencement of laytime will count 1actual time used will count if the vessel is employed on condition SSHEX EIU, if there is a provision that time used before commencement of laytime will count 1actual time used will count only if the vessel is employed on condition SSHEX EIU 0

170 If charterparty is silent on procedure of tendering Notice of Readiness thenNOR can be tendered by delivery of a printed form or letter 1NOR can be tendered by telex or fax 1NOR can be tendered by regular mail from last port of call 0NOR can be tendered by VHF 0

171 If the expression "WEATHER PERMITTING" is included into a laytime clause for a gearless vessel thentime lost due to lack of cargo will be counted as laytime even if it is raining 1time lost due to break down of shore cranes will be counted as laytime even if it is rainning 1time lost due to lack of cargo will not be counted as laytime if it is raining 0time lost due to break down of shore cranes will not be counted as laytime if it is rainning 0

172 If the expression "WEATHER WORKING DAY" is included into a laytime clause for a gearless vessel thentime lost due to lack of cargo will be counted as laytime even if it is rainning 0time lost due to break down of shore cranes will be counted as laytime even if it is rainning 0time lost due to lack of cargo will not be counted as laytime if it is rainning 1time lost due to break down of shore cranes will not be counted as laytime if it is rainning 1

173 If the port of refuge is not the same like the port of repairs thenif the weather is good and distance short owners can risk and send her at sea 0additional insurance would be required 1insurers' surveyor and possibly class surveyor, would normally attend the vessel before she departs for repair port 1master will make a complete survey before the vessel departs for repair port 0

174 In what circumstances might a Constructive Total Loss be declared?a ship was reasonably abandoned on account of its actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable 1a ship could not be preserved from actual total loss without expenditure which would exceed its value had the expensiture been incurred 1a ship was badly damaged and underwriters do not consider worth to spend money on repairs 0a ship was so badly damaged that the cost of repairs exceed the value of the repaired vessel 1

175 In what circumstances might a shipowner loose his P&I club cover?if he fails to keep his ship in good condition 1If he has too many claims in one year 0if he fails to report accidents immediately 0

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if he fails to keep the vessel in class 1

176 In what circumstances might an Actual Total Loss be declared?when a ship was so badly damaged that the costs of repais would exceed the value of the repaired vessel 0when a ship or cargo is totally destroyed by fire 1when a ship or cargo is sunk in the water so deep that it would be technically impossible to recover the property 1when a ship is ashore in a position from which it would be technically impossible to recover the property

0177 In which of below circumstances should a shipmaster note a sea protest?after the ship has been damaged from any cause 1after every case of general average 1after wind and/or sea conditions the ship have encountered may have damaged the cargo 1whenever the master suspect a possible damage to the cargo 0

178 Laytime is also influenced byStrike clauses 1Ice clauses 1Stevedore damage clauses 0War cancelling clauses 0

179 The purpose of General Average is to:split losses incurred for the common good equitably over all the interests which benefit 1Give the master of the ship freedom of action in attempting to save the ship and the cargo from danger without having to worry about who would have to pay 1Calculate correctly the looses each party have suffered in a general average incident or accident 0Give the master the freedom of trowing the cargo over board to save the ship and the crew from danger without paying any compensation to the cargo owners . 0

180 The reward for salvage depends onthe degree of danger to the salvage ship 1the value of the property saved 1the risk and danger to the property saved 1the age of the salvage vessel 0

181 The two main alternative methods of calculating despatch are:despatch for quick loading or discharging 0despatch for working time saved 1despatch for laydays saved 0destaptch for all time saved 1

182 The underwriters may have the right to cancel the policy of insurance

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if they are not informed about change of crew agency 0change of classification society 1change, supension, discontinuance or withdrawal of class by the classification society 1change of ownership, management or flag 1

183 The York Antwerp Rules set down a system that:dictates the precise circumstances and conditions which must arise for General Average 1states what losses and expenditures are permitted reimbursment under General Average 1states that the rules are always applicable in a General Average incidents or accidents 0explain how contributions are calculated and paid by the parties to General Average 1

184 Under the York-Antwerp Rules, which of the below can be considered necessary elements for a loss to be regarded as general Average?The sacrifice or expenditure must be extraordinary 1the sacrifice or expenditure must be reasonable 1the incident which leads to general average is not the result of a fault 0the act must be intentional or voluntary 1

185 Under the York-Antwerp Rules, which of the below can be considered necessary elements for a loss to be regarded as general Average?the action taken must be for the common safety 1the act must be inevitable 0there must be a peril 1the sacrifice or expenditure must be ordinary 0

186 What actions might qualify as General Average acts?wetting previously undamaged cargo while extinguishing a fire 1taking a tow to a port of refuge after a major machinery failure 1putting into a port of refuge to effect some minor repairs 0extinguishing a fire 1

187 What are the different types of salvage?contractual salvage 1cargo salvage 0forced salvage 0common law salvage 1

188 What are the forms of general average securities acceptable in shipping practice ?General Average Guarantee 1General Average Deposit 1General Average Security 0General Average Bond 1

189 What are the two kinds of incurance policy available on H&M insurance market?

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mixed policy 0time policy 1bareboat policy 0voyage policy 1

190 What are the various categories of marine insurance losses?total losses 1general average losses 0partial losses 1accidental losses 0

191 What cover would hull and machinery insurance normally give a shipowner?Cover against actual total loss or constructive total loss of his ship's hull, machinery and equipment1cover against three-fourths of his liability to owners of other vessels with which the ship colides 1cover against liability for general average charges 1cover against liability for cargo damage generated by the ship 0

192 What cover would hull and machinery insurance normally give a shipowner?cover against accidental damage to his ship's hull, machinery and equipment 1cover against liability for crew death on board the ship 0cover against three-fourths of liability to owners of cargoes on board vessels with which his ship collides

1cover against liability for salvage charges 1

193 What forms can General Average take?sacrifices 1expenditures 1losses 0loss of income 0

194 What outlays might qualify as General Average expenditure?damages to the ship or cargo due to efforts to extinguish a fire 0salvage costs 1port charges at the port of refuge 1master's and crew's wages while a ship is being repaired 1

195 What sacrifices might qualify as General Average sacrifices?jetison of cargo, when it is carried in accordance with a recognised custom of the trade 1damages to the ship or cargo due to efforts to extinguish a fire 1cost of discharging a cargo in order to refloat a stranded ship 0slipping an anchor and cable to avoid a collision 1

196 What should the master do if the charterers refuse to acknowledge receipt of his Notice of Readiness?

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Make daily attempts to have the notice the notice accepted 1Send a letter of protest to charterers or their agents 1Consult owners' P&I club correspondent 1Ask owners agent to accept notice on charterers behalf 0

197 What types of insurance are in common place in the shipping industry?Hull & Machinery Insurance 1Protection and Indemnity Insurance 1Third party liability insurance 0Cargo Insurance 1

198 Which of below can be considered areas of average?Collision Average 0Particular Average 1Total Average 0General Average 1

199 Which of below clauses can be considered a calculable laytime?4000 metric tons per day 18 running days 01000 metric tons per hatch per day 14 weather working days 0

200 Which of below documents are required for drawing up a "Time Sheet"?Charterparty terms 1Statement of Facts 1Notice of readiness 1Cargo manifest 0

201 Which of below losses are marine insurers not liable for under Marine Insurance Act 1906?looses atributable to negligence of the Master, officers, Crew or Pilots 0losses atributable to wilful misconduct of the assured 1loses generated by inherent vice or nature of the subject matter insured 1losses generated by ordinary wear and tear, ordinary leakage or breakage 1

202 Which of below perils is a shipowner insured against under a hull and machinery policy that incorporates the Institute Time Clauses - Hulls?loss or damage caused by perils of the sea, rivers, lakes or other navigable waters 1loss or damage caused by violent theft by persons from outside the vessel 1loss or damage caused by accidents in loading, discharging or shifting cargo or fuel 1loss or damage caused by ordinary wear and tear, ordinary leakage 0

203 Which of below perils is a shipowner insured against under a hull and machinery policy that incorporates the Institute Time Clauses - Hulls?loss or damage caused by negligence of Master, Officers, Crew and Pilots 1

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loss or damage caused by negligence of repairerers or Charterers, provided such repairers or charterers are not an Assured under the Policy 1loss or damage caused by negligence of repairerers or Charterers, provided such repairers or Charterers are an Assured under the Policy 0loss or damage caused by piracy 1

204 Which of the below are damages recovered from insurers as particular average?heavy wether damage 1grounding /stranding damage 1jettison damage 0collision damage 1

205 Which of the below are risks covered by P&I Clubs?Liability for Property Damage 1Wreck removal 1Loss of insured vessel 0Non contact damage to other ships 1

206 Which of the below can be considered conditions for commencement of laytime?Vessel to be an arrived ship 1Vessel to be ready from all points of view to commence loading or discharging 1Notice of readiness to be accepted 0Notice of readiness to be tendered 1

207 Which of the below can be considered examples of lack of utmost good faith?a shipowner not disclosing that a vessel failed a special survey 1a shipowner not disclosing that a vessel had a minor engine problem 0a shipowner breaching the warranty to sail in convoy 0a shipowner not disclosing that vessel has no statutory certificates 1

208 Which of the below can be considered features of Lloyd's Open Form?Basically it is a "No Cure, No pay" contract 1Terms are negotiable 0LOF terms can be agreed by radio, simply by reference 1Potential reward is negotiable 0

209 Which of the below can be considered principles of marine insurance?Insurable interest 1Indemnity 1Utmost good faith 1Prudent uninsured 0

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210 Which of the below clauses can be considered as fixed laytime?5 total weather working day 1400 metric tons per working hatch per weather working day 0Customary quick despach 07 clear days 1

211 Which of the below clauses can be considered as indefinite laytime?500 metric tons per hatch per day 0laydays as per custom of port 110 clear days 0customary quick dispatch 1

212 Which of the below risks are covered by P&I clubsliabilities in respect of stowaways and persons saved at sea 1ships General Average expenses not recoverable from H&M underwriters 1three forths of the collision liabilities 0excess collision liability 1

213 Which of the below statements about P&I insurance are true?Protection offered is mutual, each member being in the same time insurer and assured 1Protection offered is similar with other forms of insurance, the assured paying a fixed insurance premium and he is indemnified for his losses 0Policy year starts on 20th February, 12.00 GMT hours 1Policy year starts on 1st January, 12.00 GMT hours 0

214 Who should the Notice of Readiness be addressed to?charterers 1charterers' agents 1shipowners agent 0shipowners 0

215 Who would normally be the parties to a common adventure in General Average?cargo owners 1insurers 0crew 1shipowners 1

216 "CONLINEBILL 2000" standard form has 3 boxes markes with (*). By filling in those boxes the bill of lading becomes a "charterers' bill of lading" 0owners are relieved from responsibility for inland transportation 0the bill of lading becomes a "through bill of lading" 1the bill of lading becomes a "shipped bill of lading" 0

217 A "clean" bill of lading is a

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bill of lading issued in accordance with requirements of a Letter of credit and which is always accepted by the banks. 0bill of lading which bears no superimposed clauses or notations which expresely declare the defective condition or contradicts the quantity, weight or number (as the case may be) of the cargo. 1bill of lading which bears superimposed clauses or notations which expresely declare the defective condition or contradicts the quantity, weight or number (as the case may be) of the cargo. 0bill of lading which is issued in accordance with requirements of the charterparty and with instructions from shippers, charterers and receivers 0

218 A bareboat chartered ship is employed on a time charter and a subsequent voyage charter. Which of the below is the party responsible for vessels seaworthinessHead owner 0bareboat charterer 1time charterer 0voyage charterer 0

219 A bill of lading function as a receipt of the freight ifexpression "freight prepaid" is included in the bill of lading 1expression "freight payable as per charterparty" is included in the bill of lading 0expression "freight pre payable" is included in the bill of lading 0expression "freight to be paid" is included in the bill of lading 0220 A bill of lading issued "to order", without naming any other person or firm, has to be first indorsed by:the charterer 0the notify party 0the shipper 1the receiver 0

221 A cargo can be considered deliveredon discharging from the vessel 0after the cargo has been stored in a terminal belonging to the stevedoring company 0on handing it over to the consignee or his receiver 1after the cargo pass ship's rail at discharging port 0

222 A charter-party is a document setting down rights and obligations ofshipowner and bill of lading holder 0shipowner and charterer 1shipowner and shipper 0shipowners and receiver 0

223 A loading or discharging port for a vessel employed on a voyage charter must be a safe portalways 0on nomination 1on charterparty date 0at the time the vessel arrives 0

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224 A master had inspected a parcel of iron rods in coils and found some rusty. Nonetheless, he negligently failed to instruct the mate to clause the mate's receipts accordingly and shippers presented for signature "clean on board" bills of lading. Under these circumstances:the master is entitled to sign bills of lading with remarks 0the master is entitled to show that cargo is not clean 0the master is obliged to sign "clean on board" bills of lading 1the master can ask for an independent survey and his decision is final 0

225 A ship has discharged a cargo of coal and is about to sail. If the shipowners are still owed freight, how can their lien on the cargo be exercised after she has sailed?Ship's agent can keep constructive possesion of the coal in a storage area hired for that purpose until the freight is paid, the cost beeing for the shipowners' account 0Ship's agent can take property of the coal and keep in a storage area hired for that purpose until the freight is paid or sell it 0Master has to instruct the receivers to keep the cargo on the quay and not to sell it before owners confirt that their claim for freight has been settled in full 0Ship's agent can keep constructive possesion of the coal in a storage area hired for that purpose until the freight is paid, the cost beeing for the consignee's account 1

226 A ship was due to load at two very sentitive cargoes: onion and chocolate, and due to limited space in holds she loaded both cargoes in the same hold. Due to smell, chocolate arrived in a damaged condition at discharging port and charterers considered that the vessel was not seaworthy. In which of the below situations will charterers claim succed on grounds of unseaworthiness?

if chocolate was loading before onion 0if onion was loaded before chocolate 1if chocolate and onion were loading in the same time 0in both situations 0

227 A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load ""min/max 10,000/11000 mts steel plates". Under these circumstances charterer is under an obligation to load

10.500 metric tons 09500 metric tons 010,000 metric tons 010,800 metric tons 1

228 A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load "10,000 mts steel plates 5pct molchop". Under these circumstances charterer is under an obligation to load10.500 metric tons 09500 metric tons 110,000 metric tons 010,800 metric tons 0

229 A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load "10,000 mts steel plates 5pct moloo". Under these circumstances charterer is under an obligation to load10.500 metric tons 1

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9500 metric tons 010,000 metric tons 010,800 metric tons 0

230 A shipowner pay his expenses in EUROs and he enters into a time charter agreement with hire payable in USD. When do you think the owner should include in to the charter-party a clause against currency fluctuations?When it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will increase 1When it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will decrease 0When it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will remain the same 0Never, as usualy the currency fluctuations can not be predicted with enough accuracy 0

231 A through bill of lading isa document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another in separate stages of which at least one is road transit 0a document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another in separate stages of which at least one is sea transit 1a document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another with the same vessel or by the same carrier 0a contract of carriage from one place to another in separate stages of which at least one is sea transit0

232 A time charter for one single voyage is known asRound Trip Charter 0Trip Charter 1Time Charter for one voyage 0Head Charter 0

233 A vessel employed to load 5000 metric tons steel plates 5 % molchop is described in a charter-party as having a DWCC of 5250 metric tons. If on the way to the loading port the price of the bunker is better than market pricethe owners are entitled to take as much bunker as they want if the vessel is able to load minimum 4750 metric tons of cargo 0the owners are not entitled to bunker the vessel if after bunkering vessel's cargo capacity is below 5250 mts 1the owners are entitled to bunker the vessel only if bunker on board is not enough for safe completion of the present voyage 0the owners can take as much bunker as they want if vessel's cargo capacity is between 4750 and 5250 metric tons and charterers are informed about this before commencement of loading 0

234 A vessel is employed on a lumpsum basis and due to an excepted peril one third of the cargo is lost during the voyage. What is the freight charterer has to pay?Charterer has to pay only two thirds of the agreed lumpsum freight 0Charterer has to pay agreed lumpsum freight 1Charterer can compensate the freight to be paid with value of lost cargo 0Charerer will ask for arbitration before paying any freight 0

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235 A vessel is employed under a voyage charter which clearly stipulates that only clean cargo is to be loaded. On arrival at loading port master submit to the shippers a letter with his preliminary remarks and a notice of protest stating that only clean cargo has to be loaded. Shippers accept all master's remarks and insist that all cargo be loaded. Under these circumstances

the master should load all the cargo as long as shippers accept on the bill of lading all master's remarks about cargo condition 1the master should load only clean cargo in order to avoid breaching charter-party terms and conditions0the master should ask for charterers permission to load all cargo and has to insist on a letter of indemnity 0the master should ask for P&I correspondent advise and his decision is final and master has to follow it0

236 According to Hague rules the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the goods carried. In this context, do the words "properly and carefully" imply the same degree of care as exercising due diligence?Yes - the same degree of care 0No - a greater degree of care. 1No - a lower degree of care 0can not be said as it depends on particular circumstances of the case 0

237 According to Hague rules"ship" meansany vessel used in the carriage of goods 0any vessel used in the carriage ofgoods or passengers by sea 0any vessel used in the carriage of goods and passengers by sea 1any vessel used in the carriage of goods by sea, rivers, lakes 0

238 According to Hague Visby Rules the carrier is entitled to limit his liability for loss or damage to the cargo to666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram at carriers option0666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the higher 1666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the lower 0835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the higher 0

239 According to Hamburg rules the carrier is able to limit his liability for delay in delivery of the cargoto an amount equivalent to two times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight payable under the contract of carriage of goods by sea. 0

to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight payable under the respective voyage 0

to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight payable under the contract of carriage of goods by sea. 1

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to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding one half of total freight payable under the contract of carriage of goods by sea. 0

240 According to Hamburg rules the carrier is entitled to limit his liability for loss or damage to the cargo to835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram at carriers option0835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the higher 1835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the lower 0835 Special Drawing Rights per package or in carriers' option 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram0

241 According to Hamburg rules, the signature on the bill of lading may be:in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country the cargo is loaded from. 0in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country cargo is delivered to. 0in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country the bill of lading is issued 1in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country the shipowner is registered 0

242 According with Cancelling Clause of Gencon 94 standard form should the owners anticipate that, despite the exercise of due diligence, the vessel will not be ready to load by the cancelling date, they shall notify the charterers thereof without delay stating the expected date of the vessel readiness to load and asking whether charterers will exercise their option for cancelling the charter-party or agree a new cancelling date. Such option must be declared by the charterers

within 48 running hours after the old cancelling date 0within 48 running hours after the receipt of the owners notice 1within 48 working hours after the receipt of the owners notice 0within 48 running hours before cancelling date 0

243 According with Cancelling clause of Gencon 94 standard form should the vessel not be ready to load (whether in berth or not) on the cancelling datethe charterers should have the option of cancelling the charter- party 1the owners should have the option of cancelling the charter-party 0the charterers should nominate a new cancelling date acceptable to the owners 0the owners should stop the vessel and wait for a new cancelling date 0

244 According with deviation clause from GENCON 94 the vesselhas the liberty to call at any port or ports in any order, for reasonable purpose, to sail without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all situations, and also to deviate for the purpose of saving life 0

has the liberty to call at any port or ports in any order, for any purpose, to sail without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all situations, and also to deviate for the purpose of saving life and/or property.1

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has to get charterers approval before calling at any port or ports in any order, sailing without pilots, towing and/or assisting Vessels in all situations, and also deviating for the purpose of saving life and/or property. 0

is under an obligation to call at any port or ports charterers instruct her to proceed, in any order, for any purpose, to sail without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all situations, and also to deviate for the purpose of saving life and/or property. 0

245 According with Gencon 94 standard form the cargo shall be brought into holds, loaded, stowed and/or trimmed, tallied, lashed and/or secured and taken from the holds and discharged bythe owners, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the charterers 0the shippers or receivers, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the owners 0the charterers, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the owners 1either the charterers or the owners, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the other party

0

246 According with Gencon 94 standard form the freight is paybale onhighest between intaken or delivered quantity 0intaken quantity 1delivered quantity 0lowest between intaken or delivery quantity 0

247 According with Gencon 94 standard form, if the charterers do not reply within 48 runnig hours after the receipt of owners notice of missing the cancelling date, the charter-party is deemed to be ammended and the new cancellind date isthe seventh day after the date the notice was sent 0the seventh day after the new readiness stated in the owners notification 1the seventh day after the expiration of the 48 runnig hours allowed for charterers to declare their option

0the seventh day after the cancelling date missed by the vessel 0

248 According with Hague Rules definition of "goods" includes ?goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so carried 1

goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the charterparty the owners have the liberty to carry on deck at their option 0

goods, wares, merchandises and passengers of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so carried 0

goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage the owners have liberty to carry on deck 0

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249 According with Lien clause from Gencon 94 standard form the owners shall have a lien on cargo and on all subfreights payable in respect of the cargo for freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages and for all other ammounts due under the charterparty including costs of recovering same 1

freight, deadfreight, demurrage and damages for detention 0

freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages, cargo contribution to general average and for expenses incurred by the shipowner in protecting the cargo 0

freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages and for all other ammounts due under the charterparty excluding costs of recovering same 0

250 Acording with common law a vessel is seaworthy if she isfit to both ordinary and extraordinary perils of the sea 0fit to perform the voyage under good weather conditions 0fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the sea 1fit to encounter any extraordinar perils of the sea 0

251 After one of the set of original bills of lading is presented to the master and delivery is made in exchange of this bill, what happens to the other bills in the setthey may still be presented to the master for delivery 0they become null and void 1they are still valid and can be used to transfer the property in the goods 0they are destroyed by the master 0

252 Are the shipowners of a time chartered vessel entitled to put lien on a cargo carried by the vessel under a voyage charter for non payment of hire?The shipowners are entitled to put lien on cargo as they have all the rights to recover the hire 0The shipowners have no right to put lien on cargoes carried by the vessel, as voyage charterer most probably paid all freight to time charter 1The shipowners are entitled to put lien on cargo as by the time charter they usually have the right to recover any subfreights due to time charterer 0The shipowners are entitled not to discharge the cargo before they are paid the hire in full 0

253 As a general rule, the bill of lading has to be issued tothe owner of the cargo 0the exporter or freight forwarder 0the person in possesion of mate's receipt 1the person a charterparty has been made with 0

254 Before proceeding on a voyage, the master of a time chartered vessel decides to disregard charterers orders as to the specific course of the voyage and to follow a route which he considers preferable. Under these circumstances:

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the master is entitled to proceed like this, as the master is the one deciding about all navigation aspects

0the master is entitled to proceed like this, as he is the one responsible for the safety of the ship/crew and cargo 0the master has to follow charterers orders, as they refer to the commercial operation of the vessel 1the master has to follow always charterers orders in a time charter otherwise, vessel will be placed off-hire 0

255 Can a time charterer have a master dismissed?the charterparty always give the time charterer the power to change the master 0the charterparty may require owners to investigate complains by charterers regarding the master, and replace him if required 1the time charterers have no right to claim anything against the master, since he is employed and paid by the shipowners 0the time charterers can replace the master with another one if they pay for his salary 0

256 Cargo manifest isa document prepared on board the ship for statistical purposes and future reference for new masters0

a document drawn up by ship's agent at load port, containing detailed description of the cargo loaded, used for custom and administrative purposes at load and discharging ports 1

a list of all cargoes and stores on board prepared by the master before vessel arrives at discharging port for custom and administrative purposes 0

a document drawn up by ship's agent at each port of call, containing detailed description of the cargo loaded and discharged, used for custom and administrative purposes at load and discharging ports0

257 Delivery of cargo at destination can be made against:A letter of indemnity signed by the shippers 0A copy of the original Bill of lading 0An original bill of lading 1All original bills of lading issued 0

258 Dry cargo market can be considereda monopolistic market 0an oligopolistic market 0close to perfect competitive model 1

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a mixture between monopolistic and perfect competive model 0

259 For a dry cargo vessel employed under a time charter, speed and bunker consumption are usually guaranteedif wind force is below 4 on Beaufort Scale 1for every kind of weather 0if wind force is below 7 on Beaufort Scale 0if sea grade is below 5 on Douglas Scale 0

260 For a time chartered vessel to be considered off-hireit is enough that charterers consider her off-hire 0it is required that charterers obtain an arbitration award 0it is required that reasons for off-hire are mentioned in an off-hire clause 1it is always required that owners agree with charterers allegations 0

261 For a vessel employed into a time charter risks for delay due to bad weather, port congestion and strikes in port arefor owners account 0for time charterers account 1shared between owners and charterers 0for voyage charterers account 0

262 For owners it is recommended to conclude a time charter agreements iffreight market is expected to rise 0freigh market is expected to remain constant 0freight market is expected to decrease 1it is hard to estimate what the market will be 0

263 Generally, at whose risk is a deck cargo carried?at shipper's risk 1at carrier's risk 0at master's risk 0at crew's risk 0

264 Hague - Visby rules do not apply:bills of lading relating to carriage of goods between ports in the same country 1bills of lading relating to carriage of goods between ports in two different states if the bill of lading is issued in a contracting state 0bill of lading relating to carriage of goods between ports in two different states if carriage is from one port in a contracting state 0bills of lading that provides legislation of any state giving effect to the Rules is to govern the contract of carriage 0

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265 Hague rules applyfrom tackle at loading port to delivery at discharging port 0from taking that cargo into owners custody at load port to final delivery at discharging port 0from taking that cargo into owners custody at load port to tackle at discharging port 0from tackle to tackle 1

266 How are deleted words from stardard charterparty form treated from legal point of view?they are considered valid if one of the parties demonstrates that they were deleted by mistake 0they are considered as not being there and they will never be taken into consideration 0they are considered as not beeing there, but they will be taken into consideration if without them one or more clauses are not making sense 1they are considered valid if they were deleted by mistake by the broker issuing the charter-party 0

267 How are the shipbrokers paid for their services?they are entitled to a commission, called brokerage, from the gross freight or hire earned which is paid by the party they represent 0they are entitled to a commission, called brokerage, from the gross freight or hire earned, which is normally paid by the charterers 0they are entitled to a commission, called brokerage, from the gross freight or hire earned, which is normally paid by the shipowners 1they are entitled to a fee which is always payable by the party they represent during negotiations0

268 How can a carrier ensure that, as well as his lien for freight, he has also a lien for deadfreight and demurrage?By obtaining a court order to allow him to put lien on cargo at the discharging port for these amounts0By simply exercising his common low right for putting lien on cargo for deadfreight and/or demurrage due and not paid 0By inserting a Lien Clause in the contract of carriage expressly stating that he has a lien for these amounts 1By inserting a clause stating that deadfreight and demurrage are payable before completion of discharging 0

269 How do owners of a time chartered ship ensure that they will have the oportunity to carry out proper maintenance and repairs during a lengthy period time charter?by stopping the vessel when repairs are required 0by employing repair teams on board during voyages 0by inserting into charterparty a drydocking clause 1by asking for charterers permission to carry out repairs and maintenance 0

270 How do you define bill's of lading function as a document of title?

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The true owner of the bill of lading can deliver it to another person for some valuable consideration and in this way the ownership of the goods is transferred 1The true owner of the bill of lading can deliver it to another person without valuable consideration and in this way the ownership of the goods is transferred 0The holder of the bill of lading can deliver it to another person for some valuable consideration and in this way the ownership of the goods is transferred 0It enables the shipowner to transfer the ownership during the voyage, make it possible for the owner to raise finance on the security of the goods while in transit 0

271 How is the hire paid under a bareboat charter-party?hire is paid when charterers receive the freight for every voyage perfomed 0hire is paid in advance according with charater-party terms 1hire is paid at the end of each period agreed by both parties 0hire is paid in advance at the beginning of each year 0

272 How is the hire usually paid for a vessel under time charter?Hire is usually paid at internvals of 15 or 30 days 0Hire is usually paid in advance for 15 or 30 days 1Hire is ussualy paid in 5 days after owners require payment 0Hire is usually paid at the end of every 15 or 30 days 0

273 How many "non negotiable" copies of a bill of lading can be issued?Maximum 6 non negotiable copies of a bill of lading can be issued 0As many as the shippers require 1As many as the master decides and his decision is final 0Every copy of the original bill of lading can be considered a non negotiable copy of the bill of lading0

274 How many days on demurrage are allowed according with GENCON 1994 standard form?maximum 10 working days 0there is no express provision for maximum number of demurage days 1as many as required to complete loading operation as long charterers pay demurrage 010 running days 0

275 How many INCOTERMS are there?Twelvee 0Thirteen 1Forthteen 0ten 0

276 How many original Bills of Lading can be issued?A bill can be issued in as many originals as required by the shippers with the only condion that number of originals is clarly inserted into the bill of lading. 1Maximum three original bills of lading can be issued, no matter what the shippers or charterers are requesting, in order to avoid fraudulent practices. 0

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Only one original bill of lading can be issued, all other bills should marked "Copy non negotiable", in order to protect the true holder of the bills of lading 0Number of original bills of lading issued depends on the custom at loading and discharging ports and master has to follow that custom 0

277 How might a shipowner fixing his ship on time charter seek to protect himself from action by the ITF?by employing non union stevedoring companies if the vessel call countries where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian countries, Australia etc.) 0by prohibiting the time charterer from sending the vessel to countries where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian countries, Australia etc.) 1by discharging the cargo using crew services if the vessel call countries where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian countries, Australia etc.) 0by fixing the cargo only on liner out basis if the vessel call countries where ITF rules are strictly followed ( Scandinavian countries, Australia etc.) 0

278 If a bareboat chartered vessel is seriously damaged who pays for repairs to bring the vessel to a seaworthy condition?Disponent owners 1Head owners 0Charterers have the option to declare the vessel total loss 0Depends who is the party responsible for the damage 0

279 If a charterparty bill of lading is issued, the bill of lading can be considered a contract of carriage ifit is in the hands of the charterer 0it is in the hands of the shipper who is also the charterer 0it is in the hands of a bona fide third party 1it is in the hands of the receiver who is also the charterer 0

280 If a charterparty contains a clause setting minimum and maximum quantity of cargo to be loaded without naming the party having the option to choose between them it is clear that the charterer has the option to choose the quantity of cargo to be loaded which anyhow should be between the minimum and maximum quantity mentioned in the charterparty 0

that the owner has the option to choose the quanitity of cargo to be loaded based vessel's deadweight cargo capacity and on vessel' trim and stability 0

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the charterer has to load the vessel up to her deadweight cargo capacity while the shipowner guarantee that vessel will load at least minimum quantity without requiring more than maximum quantity mentioned 1

the shipowner has to load the vessel up to her deadweight cargo capacity while the charterer guarantee he will have available for loading at least minimum quantity without promising more than maximum quantity mentioned 0

281 If a charter-party contains abbreviation "1 GSB AAAA" it means that the vesselwill be operated at one good safe anchorage which is always accessible and where she will lay always afloat 0will be operated at one or more good safe berths which are always accessible and where she will lay always afloat 0will be operated at one good safe berth which is always afloat and where cargo holds should be always accessible 0will be operated at one good safe berth which is always accessible and where she will lay always afloat1

282 If a liner vessel is under loading operation and cargo booked has not yet arrived the mastershould wait for the cargo in order not to loose freight 0should load whatever cargo is available and sail in order not to delay ship's schedule 0should continue loading operation and if cargo can not be loaded he will sand to the shippers a deadfreight letter 1should wait for instructions from the shippers 0

283 If a master is forced to sign a "clean on board" bill of lading, when he considers that it should have been claused, he should:ask for a letter of indemnity not to be kept responsible for cargo damages 0issue a letter protest and send it to shippers/receivers/P&I club 1stop the vessel outside the port and ask for a new bill to be issued 0issue a letter of protest and sent it to BIMCO/International Maritime Bureau 0

284 If a master sign a bill of lading and according with charterparty terms and conditions freight is payable 100% after signing, but before releasing of Bs/L thenmaster can hand bills to the agents and agents will decide when to release it 0master has to prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive confirmation from the owners that freight has been received 1master has to prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive confirmation from the charterers that they have paid the freight 0master has no obligation to instruct the agents, as it is operational department obligation to instruct the agents properly 0

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285 If a mate's Receipt has been claused by the ship, e.g. with remarks about rust on steel plates, what may a master expect to see when presented with the Bill of Lading for signature?a bill of lading marked "clean on board" based on a letter of indemnity from the shippers 0remarks with similar implications even if wording is different 0exactly the same remarks on the face of the Bill of Lading 1exactly the same remarks on the back of the Bill of Lading 0

286 If a persons hands over to the master at destination an original bill of lading endorsed in full thenmaster is under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person 0master is under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person only after he proves that he is the legal representative of the receiver 1master is not under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person before all original bills of lading are presented to him 0master is under an obligation to deliver the goods to that person only if he waits a reasonable period to see if somebody else is asking for the cargo 0

287 If a tanker is employed at WS120 and according with WORLD SCALE the freight between the two ports is USD 15$ per metric ton, then freight owners will receive will beUSD 18 per metric ton 1USD 12 per metric ton 0USD 15 per metric ton 0USD 17,8 per metric ton 0

288 If a tanker is employed at WS80 and according with WORLD SCALE the freight between the two ports is USD 18$ per metric ton, then freight owners will receive will beUSD 18$ per metric ton 0USD 21,6$ per metric ton 0USD 14,4$ per metric ton 1USD 14,6 per metric ton 0

289 If a time chartered vessel is not in the same good order and condition at redelivery, who will be liable for the cost of repairsowners 0charterers 1insurance company 0stevedores 0

290 If a vessel arrives at destination with minor damages to the cargoes carried and charterers can demonstrate that owners are responsible for the damages thencharterers are entitled to compensate the estimated value of damages with the freight due 0charterers have to pay the freight without any deductions 1charterers have to pay only for sound cargo delivered and balance can be kept as guarantee for settlement of damages 0charterers are entitled not to pay the freight before cargo claim is settled 0

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291 If a vessel arrives at discharging port and she can not proceed to the discharging berth without first lightening, the masterhas to follow custom of the port and accept lightening 0he is entitle to refuse to the enter the port, unless there is a specific agreement to the contrary 1he is required to wait a reasonable period of time and after that he can sail to the next port of call0he is required to follow charterers orders, as they would be responsible for any damages to the vessel0

292 If a vessel is chartered on a chain of bareboat, time and voyage charters who is the party entitled to receive the freight?bareboat charterer 0ship owner 0time charterer 1voyage charterer 0

293 If a vessel is employed on Gross Terms who is paying for lashing, dunnaging and securing expenses?shipowners 1charterers 0they are shared between shipowners and charterers 0shippers 0

294 If a vessel is employed on voyage charter and suppose all other elements are constant, in which of below situations freight will be loweremployement of LILO terms 0employement of LIFO terms 0employement of FILO terms 0employement of FIO terms 1

295 If a vessel is employed to load up to ”full and complete cargo capacity” it means thatcharterers are under an obligation to load her up to her maximum deadweight cargo capacity 0both owners and charterers have fulfiled their obligation if a cargo corectly stowed either fills in vessels deadweight cargo capacity or volumetric capacity 1both owners and charterers have fulfiled their obligation if a cargo corectly stowed fills in both vessels deadweight cargo capacity or volumetric capacity 0charterers are under an obligation to load her up to her maximum volumetric capacity of vessels holds0

296 If a vessel is loading a cargo which can be described as being in apparent good order and condition and at destination it is delivered in the same apparent good order and condition but damaged inside the packs then

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owners have to prove that cargo was not damaged due to their fault 0owners are responsible for the damage as the cargo was under their custody 0owners are not under any circumstances responsible as the cargo was delivered in the same good order and condition 0owners can only be responsible if the bill of lading holder prove that the damage was generated by owners fault 1

297 If a vessel is loading a cargo which can be described as being in apparent good order and condition and at destination it is delivered without being in apparent good order and condition thenowners are responsible for the damages, unless they can prove that cargo was not damaged by their fault 1owners are always responsible as cargo was under their custody 0owners can not be responsible if they prove that in fact cargo was damaged prior to shipment 0owners can only be responsible if cargo owners prove that cargo was damaged due to owners fault0

298 If a vessel is loading more lots of cargo and shippers demand one bill of lading for each lot, what would be the date of the bills of lading issueddate of completion loading for all cargo 0date of completion loading for each lot 1date of sailing from loading port 0any date required by the shippers 0

299 If a vessel is unable to continue her voyage due to a major engine breakdown and charterers decide (even if owners are willing to continue the voyage) to take delivery of the cargo at an intermediate port thenowners are entitled to freight without any deductions 0owners are entitled to a pro rata freight 1owners are not entitled to freight, as freight is only payable at destination 0owners are entitled to put lien on cargo for payment of full freight 0

300 If a vessel under discharging in Galati will be delivered into a time charter "DLOSP Sulina” it means thatvessel will be delivered when she pass Sulina Pilot Station on her way out of the port 0vessel will be delivered when she drops last river pilot and takes sea pilot 0vessel will be delivered when she gets out of commercial, fiscal and administrative area of the port of Sulina 0vessel will be delivered when she drops last sea pilot at Sulina and proceeds to the sea 1

301 If a vessel will be de delivered into a time charter "APS Constanta” it means thatvessel will be delivered when she takes pilot at Constanta and proceeds to loading berth 0vessel will be delivered when she drops pilot at Contanta on her way out of the port 0vessel will be delivered when she arrives at Constanta Pilot Station 1

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vessel will be delivered when she is within administrative, fiscal and commercial area of the port of Constanta 0

302 If a vessel will be delivered into a time charter "DOP Constanta” it means thatvessel will be delivered when she takes pilot at Constanta and proceeds to loading berth 0vessel will be delivered when she gets out of commercial, fiscal and administrative area of the port of Constanta 0vessel will be delivered when she pass Constanta Pilot Station on her way out of the port 0vessel will be delivered when she drops pilot at Contanta on her way out of the port 1

303 If all other terms of the fixture are the same when do you expect the freight to be higher?if the vessel is employed of free in and out terms 0if the vessel is employed of free in and liner out terms 0if the vessel is employed of liner in and liner out terms 1if the vessel is employed of liner in and free out terms 0

304 If by mistake master release a bill of lading marked "freight prepaid" to the shippers without making sure that owners have received the freightowners have the right to put lien on cargo if freight is not paid before delivery of the cargo 0owners are entitled to put lien on cargo if freight is not paid as per charterparty 0owners are obliged to deliver the goods at destination if bill of lading is in the hands of an innocent third party 1owners can discharge the cargo at loading port if freight is not paid 0

305 If during a loaded voyage, a port of call is planned for bunkers which needed for the next voyage, but not present one, what special clause should be in the contract of carriage?A Standard Bunker Clause 0P&I Bunker Deviation Clause 1P&I Deviation Clause 0A Standard Deviation Clause 0

306 If expression "freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills of lading vessel and or cargo lost or not lost" which is the party required to insure the freightcharterers 1shipowners 0exporters 0both shipowners and charterers 0

307 If expression LINNER TERMS is included in to a charter-party thencharterers will cover cargo loading expenses while shipowners will cover all cargo discharging expenses0charterers will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses 0

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shipowners will cover cargo loading expenses while charterers will cover all cargo discharging expenses0shipowners will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses 1

308 If loading and discharging ports are nominated after the fixture is concluded, who is the party responsible to ascertain the safety of the ports?both shipowners and charterers 0most probably, shipowners 0charterers 1master 0

309 If loading and discharging ports are nominated at the time of fixture who is the party responsible to ascertain the safety of the ports?most probably, charterers 0most probably, shipowners 1both shipowners and charterers 0always charterers 0

310 If master sign a bill of lading which is marked "freight payable as per charter-party" thenmaster can release bills to the shippers unless he is instructed otherwise by the owners 0

master has no obligation in this respect, it is operational department obligation to instruct the agents properly 0

master has prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive confirmation from the charterers that they have paid the freight 0

master has to prepare a letter instructing the agent not to release the bills before he receive confirmation from the owners that freight has been received 1

311 If one of the abbreviations FIO, FIOS, FIOT is included in to a charter-party thencharterers will cover cargo loading expenses while shipowners will cover all cargo discharging expenses0shipowners will cover cargo loading expenses while charterers will cover all cargo discharging expenses0charterers will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses 1shipowners will cover all cargo loading and discharging expenses 0

312 If Paramount Clause is incorporated into the charter-party and some of the express terms of the charter-party are in contradiction with Hague or Hague-Visby rulesexpress terms of the charterparty have priority of interpretation 0Hague or Hague Visby provisions have priority of interpretation 1it is for the arbitrators to decide which terms have priority of interpretation 0parties under an obligation to negotiate which terms have priority of interpretation 0

313 If the charterparty is silent on quantity, freight is payable then freight is paid onnett weight 0teoretical weight 0gross weight 1bill of lading weight 0

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314 If the charterparty is silent on the quantity freight is payable then freight is payableon quantity ascertained at loading port 0on quantity ascertained at discharging port 0on lowest between the quantity ascertained at loading and the quantity ascertained at discharging port1on highest between the quantity ascertained at loading and the quantity ascertained at discharging port

0

315 If the charter-party stipulate that the vessel will load a certain type of cargo thenthe charterer can load any other cargo as long as its stowage factor is not higher and he pays the freight agreed in the charter-party 0

the charterer is under an obligation to load the cargo mentioned in the charterparty no matter what is her apparent order and condition 0

the charterer has the liberty to load any similar cargo as long as the cargo stowage factor is not higher than the stowage factor of the cargo mentioned in the charter-party and it is not dangerous for ship, crew and the other cargo on board 0

the charterer is under an obligation to load the cargo mentioned in the charterparty and the cargo has to be in the condition mentioned in the charter-party or in accordance with custom of the port at loading port 1

316 If the clause "freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills of lading vessel and/or cargo lost or not lost" is included into charterparty thenfreight is paybale even if the vessel and/or cargo is lost after completion of loading 0freight is payable even if the the vessel and/or cargo is lost after signing bill of lading 1freight is payable only if the vessel and/or cargo is lost after release of bill of lading 0freight is payable only on vessel's arrival at discharging port and commencement of discharge 0

317 If the master delivers the cargo to a holder of one original bill of lading, although another person is the lawful holder of the bill of lading:the owners are responsible for wrong delivery of the cargo 0the owners are exempted from any liability 1the owners may be liable for missdelivery 0the owners can be liable if Hague Rules apply 0

318 If the number of the original bills of lading issued is inserted into the bill of lading then Master can deliver the cargo:only if all original are presented 0only if at least two originals are presented 0against a non negotiable copy of the bill of lading 0against one of the original bills of lading issued 1

319 If the shipowners is wrongfully stowing cargoes on deckhe is still entitled to limit his liability according with either Hague or Hamburg Rules 0

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he is only responsible if the damage was caused by his fault 0he is responsible for any cargo damage, no matter how it was caused 1he is only responsible if the cargo owners can prove that damage is a consequence of deck stowage0

320 If the shipper does not demand a bill of lading, according to Hague Rulesthe carrier is bound to issue one based on information from Mate's receipt 0the carrier is not bound to issue a bill of lading at all 1the carrier is bound to issue a bill of lading before vessel arrives at discharging port 0the carrier is bount to issue a bill of lading at receivers' request 0

321 If the true receiver presents to the master one of the set of original Bills of Lading and master has no reason to put lien on cargo then:master release the cargo and return original bill of lading to the receiver 0master release the cargo and retain on board a copy of original bill of lading 0master do not release the cargo before charaterer instruct him to do so 0master release the cargo and retain the original bill of lading 1

322 If there is no special provision about bill of lading formonly BIMCO approved forms must be used 0shippers can present any form as along as it in accordance with the custom of the trade 0there is no restriction on bill of lading form 1it is compulsory to be prinded on a A4 paper 0

323 If there is no special provision in a marine bill of lading about transhipment of the cargo then:transhipment of the cargo is always acceptable 0it is for forbiden to tranship the cargo 1transhipment is allowed only if it is done at usual transhipments ports 0transhipment is allowed as along as owners assume full liability 0

324 If, by mistake, port of discharging mentioned into the Bill of Lading released to bona fide third party is Bucharest, while the charterparty is clearly showing Constanta as discharging port then:carrier is under an obligation to transport the cargo only up to Constanta, as Bucharest is not a port0carrier is under an obligation to transport the cargo up to the closest sea or river port to Bucharest0carrier is under an obligation to transport the cargo up to its final destination, Bucharest 1carrier is entitled to recover any extra expenses from the bill of lading holder 0

325 In a bareboat charter bunker expenses are covered byshipowner 0bareboat charterer 1depends on charter-party terms and conditions 0both shipowner and bareboat charterer 0

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326 In a bareboat charter P&I and H&M expenses are covered byshipowners 0charterers 1shipowners for P&I insurance and charterers for H&M insurance 0charterers for P&I insurance and shipowners for H&M insurance 0

327 In a consecutive voyage charter-party the cancelling clause applyto every voyage performed 0only to first and last voyage 0only to first and second voyage 0only to first voyage 1

328 In cargo shipping context, who is the notify party?the party whom the carrier is instructed to tender notice of readiness at discharging port 0the party whom the carrier is instructed to notify when the goods have arrived at their destination1the first consignee is always the notify party and arrival notices should be given to him 0the party whom the carrier is instructed to deliver the goods when goods have arrived at their destination 0

329 In case master discovers, after signing Bills of lading, that there was a mistake in his draft survey calculations he can:use his correct draft survey figures to show the true quantity loaded no matter who the holder of the bill of lading is. 0use his correct draft survey figures to show the true quantity loaded only if the bill of lading is still in the hands of the shipper 1use his correct draft survey figures to show the true quantity loaded only if the bill of lading is in the hands of a bona fide third party 0not use his correct draft survey calculations to show the true quantity loaded 0

330 In case master of a bareboat chartered vessel, which is further employed by a time charter and a subsequent voyage charter, signs the bills of lading then most probably the carrier will be:the bareboat owner 1the head owners 0the time charter owners 0the voyage charter owners 0

331 In case Mate's receipts are claused in respect of cargo condition then:Master will sign "Clean on board" bills of lading only if shippers and receivers sign a Letter of Indemnity0It is master's option to include them or not into the bill of lading 0All remarks must be included into the Bills of Lading 1Only remarks accepted by the charterers can be included into Bills of lading 0

332 In case owners, at charterers' request, agree to discharge the cargo at another port than the one mentioned into the bill of lading:The master can release the cargo against one copy of the original bill of lading 0The master can release the cargo against one original bill of lading 0The master can release the cargo against full set of original bills of lading 1

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The master can release the cargo against presentation all original and "not negotiable" copies issued0

333 In consecutive voyage chartering freight in payableon number of theoretical voyages that can be performed 0for each voyage performed by the ship 1on both number of voyages performed and their duration 0in owners option either on number of voyages performed or on voyage duration 0

334 In interpreting the phrase “so near as she may safely get” the word safely refers to:the safety of the cargo 0the safety of the ship 1the safety of both: ship and cargo 0the safety of the discharge operation 0

335 In liner trade, the contract of carriage between carrier and owner of the bill of lading other than the shipper isBooking note 0Charterparty 0Bill of lading 1Charterparty Bill of Lading 0

336 In the absence of agreement to the contrary, freight is payableon vessel's arrival at discharging port 0only on delivery of the goods at port of discharge 1only after delivery of the goods at port of discharge 0before signing and releasing bills of lading 0

337 In the liner shipping one of the main features is the existence of conferences. A conference is aa regular and international meeting of all carriers operating scheduled liner services between some designated ports, with the purpose of discussing problems of mutual interest 0

a group of carriers, which are operating scheduled liner services between designated ports, joined together for the purpose of establishing common freight rates 1

a company which is operating scheduled liner services between designated ports and maintain fixed freight rates for a long period of time 0

structure gathering together all liner shipping companies with the only purpose of limiting competition and increasing freight rates 0

338 In voyage chartering, what is the preliminary or approach voyage?the previous voyage 0the voyage to the lading port 1the first trial voyage 0the voyage from one loading port to another loading port 0

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339 In which of the below delivery terms the costs are transferred from the seller to the buyer on passing ship's rail at loading port?FOB 1CIF 0DES 0FCA 0

340 In which of the below situations the master can be considered agent from necesity of the cargo owner?vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes 0vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes and ships refrigerating machines do not work 0vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes, ships refrigerating machines do not work and master is unable to get instructions from shippers 0vessel has on board refrigerating cargoes, ships refrigerating machines do not work and master is unable to get instructions from shippers 1

341 In which of the below types of charter-parties are the disponent owners NOT entitled to employ a bareboat chartered vessel?bareboat charter-parties 1time charter-parties 0consecutive voyage charter-parties 0contracts of affreightment 0

342 INCOTERMS have been issued by :Baltic and International Conference, Copenhagen 0International Maritime Organisation, London 0International Chamber of Commerce, PARIS 1International Association of Traders, Bruxelles 0

343 Is it permissible for a time charterer to redeliver a vessel without holds/tanks beeing cleaned?Under no circumstances a vessel can be redeliered dirty 0

If agreed, yes. A sum in compensation to the owners will normally be provided for in the timecharter1

Yes, always vessel will be delivered dirty as she would be in the same condition if she was under a voyage charter employement 0

Depends on what is the redelivery point as crew can clean it up if the ballast voyage is longer 0

344 Is the disponent owner entitled to borrow money and mortgage the bareboat chartered ship?The disponent owner is entitled to borrow money and mortgage the ship, as he has vessel's possesion during the charter-party 0the disponent owner is not entitled to borrow money and to mortgage the ship, as he is not the owner of the ship 1the disponent owner can borrow money and mortgage the ship only if the next freight is higher than the loan 0the disponent owner is entitled to borrow money and mortgage the ship if the charter-party contains a special provision 0

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345 Is the shipper always the seller or the exporter of the goods?Yes, always the seller is the shipper 0No, the shipper is always the stevedoring company 0No, many sellers employ a freight forwarder to organise the shipment 1Yes, since the leter of caredit is in his favour he has always to be the shipper 0

346 Letters of indemnify for discharging the cargo without presentation of originals:are considered a fraudulent practice and can never be accepted by the owners 0although sometimes they can be considered fraud, they are accepted as a commercial solution 1can only be accepted if shippers or charterers or receivers bank sign them 0can only be accepted if owner has a long standing commercial relation with the receivers 0

347 Liner shipping can be considereda market dominated in the same time by monopol and perfect competition 0a perfect competitive market 0an oligopolistic market 0a monopolistic market 1

348 Loading and discharging expenses are for charterers account if the vessel is employed onFILO terms 0FIO terms 1 Free In and OutLIFO terms 0LILO terms 0

349 Loading and discharging expenses are for owners account if vessel is fixed onLILO terms 1 Last In, Last OutFIOS terms 0LIFO terms 0FILO terms 0

350 Minimum content of a bill of lading is mentioned intoHague Rules 0Hague-Visby Rule 0Hamburg Rules 1York-Antwerp Rules 0

351 On 15th December 2006 a ship is employed to discharge a cargo at Taganrog, in the Azov Sea, or so near as she may safely get. On arrival, in mid January, the Sea of Azov is closed by ice and it is estimated that the vessel may only proceed to the discharging port at the beginning of February. Under these circumstances the master is:

entitled to discharge the cargo at the nearest safe port 0

bound to wait until beginning February and then to proceed to Taganrog 1

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required to ask charterers for instructions and in case no instructions received to proceed to the nearest safe port 0

required to wait few days and then make a decision 0

352 On 15th December 2006 a ship is employed to discharge a cargo in a safe port in Black Sea, including Azov Sea ports, at charterers option, or so near as she may safely get. On passing Bosphorus Charterers have nominated Taganrog and vessel arrived arrival, in mid January, the Sea of Azov is closed by ice and it is estimated that the vessel may only proceed to the discharging port at the beginning of February. Under these circumstances the master is:

entitled to discharge the cargo at the nearest safe port 0

bound to wait until beginning February and then to proceed to Taganrog 0

required to ask charterers for instructions and in case no instructions received to proceed to the nearest safe port 1

required to wait few days and then make a decision 0

353 One of the main problems in chartering is the drafting of various clauses by non legal and non native english speakers. In order to reduce litigation, instead of amending standard clauses the drafters of standard forms haveforbidden amendments 0recommended that only lawyers to amend the standard clauses 0drafted some clauses with options and parties only choose the option they need 1drafted all clauses with options and parties only choose the option they need 0

354 Outturn report is adocument prepared by the insurance company of the cargo in which the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel is noted along with any discrepancies in the quantity compared with the vessel’s manifest.

0document prepared by the custom at discharging port in which the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel is noted along with any discrepancies in the quantity compared with the bill of lading. 0

detailed report prepared by the master at discharging port to explain why there are discrepancies in the form of over, short and damaged cargo as compared to the bill of lading 0

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written statement by a stevedoring company in which the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel is noted along with any discrepancies in the quantity compared with the vessel’s manifest. 1

355 Remarks on the Mate's receipts on cargo quantity and cargo condition have to be included into bill of lading 1can be included into bill of lading 0are included into bill of lading if letter of credit allow them 0are included into bill of lading if charerparty allow them 0

356 The fundamental difference between a seawaybill and a bill of lading is:Seawaybill is not a document of title 1Seawaybill is used only on short distance 0Seawaybill is used only in container trade 0Seawaybill is not always negotiable 0

357 The Hague or Hague - Visby Rules applyto contracts of carriage covered by seawaybills or any other similar document of title , is so far e as such documents refer to carriage of goods by sea 0

to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any charter party, in so far as the as such documents refer to carriage of goods by sea 0

to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar ducument of title, in so far as the as such documents refer to carriage of goods by sea 1

to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar ducument of title, in so far as the as such documents refer to carriage of goods by sea, land and rail 0

358 The level of deadfreight due is calculatedby multiplying difference between minimum quantity charterer is an under an obligation to load and quantity loaded with the unit freight 0

by multiplying difference between maximum quantity charterer is allowed to load and quantity loaded with the unit freight 0

by deducting from extra income that could have been obtained if charterers were loading minimim quantity they were under an obligation to load the extra expenses owners would have made to obtain that income 1

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by deducting from extra income that could have been obtained if owners were loading maximum quantity the vessel is able to load the extra expenses owners would have made to obtain that income0

359 The main particularity of a "charterparty" bill of lading is thatloading and discharging charges are almost always for charterers account and this is made clear by the bill's of lading terms, conditions, liberties and exceptions 0

usually makes references to the carrier's standard terms and conditions of carriage and same can be obtained from its office at charterer's request 0

usually sets out some fairly basic provisions about carriage but otherwise incorporating in general terms, some or all of the provisions of a pre-existing agreement 1

usually sets out in full the contract of carriage between the bill of lading holder (except the shipper) and the carrier under the bill of lading. 0

360 The main particularity of a liner bill of lading is thatusually sets out some fairly basic provisions but otherwise incorporating in general terms, some or all of the provisions of a pre-existing agreement 0

usually makes references to carrier's standard terms and conditions which can be obtained from its office 0

loading and discharging charges are almost always for owners account 0

usually sets out in full the contract between the bill of lading holder (except the shipper) and the carrier under the bill of lading. 1

361 The master of a demise chartered shipis the servant of the charterers 1is the servant of the owners 0is the servant of both owners and charterers 0is the servant of the charterers, but has to follow also orders from owners 0

362 To preserve his lien what must a shipowner to?to keep actual possesion of the goods 1to sell the goods 0to take property for a short time 0to instruct receivers not to sell them further 0

363 Under FIOS terms responsibility for stowage rest with the charterers. Under which of the below situations will the owners be liable for stowage?Charter-party contains a clause stating that stowage is done under master's supervision 0

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Charter-party contains a clause stating that stowage is done under master's direction and supervision0Charter-party contains a clause stating that stowage is done under master's responsibility 1All of the above 0

364 Under what circumstances is deck cargo excluded from cover by the Hague Visby Rules?where there is a statement on the face of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods may be carried on deck, and the goods are, in fact stowed on deck 0

where there is a statement on the face of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods are shipped on deck, and the goods are, in fact, stowed on deck 1

where there is a statement on the face of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods are shipped on deck, even if the goods are, in fact stowed under deck 0

where there is a statement on the back of the bill of lading issued to the shipper that the goods can be shipped on deck, and the goods are, in fact, stowed on deck 0

365 Under what circumstances is the master allowed to issue a second set of Bills of Lading?Master will issue a second set of Bills of Lading if the true holder of the bill of lading declares that he lost the first set. 0

Master will only issue a second set of bills of lading if the first set is returned to the master. 1

Master will issue a second set of bills of lading if the shippers are promising to return the first set.0

Master will issue a second set of bills o lading if the shippers guarantee they will destroy the first set0

366 Usually mate's receipt for the cargo loaded are signedbefore commencement of loading 0after completion of loading 1during loading part of the cargo 0before vessels' departure 0

367 What are INCOTERMS?

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A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the obligations and rights of the seller and buyer in sale of goods transactions 0

A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the obligations and rights of the owner and charterer in international sale of goods transactions 0

A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the obligations and rights of the shipper and receiver in international sale of goods transactions 0

A set of uniform rules which codify the interpretation of trade terms defining the obligations and rights of the seller and buyer in international sale of goods transactions 1

368 What are the bareboat owners options if after an inspection the vessel is found with serious technical deficiencies?

the owners have no legal right to interfere, charterers will be responsble if at the end of the contract the vessel is not redelivered in the same good order and condition as on delivery 0

the owners will start legal proceeding against the charterers 0

the owners will put charterers on notice to rectify deficiences and if same are not rectified will withdraw the vessel from charterers service 1

the owners will inform port state control in the next port of call and ask them to arrest the vessel until deficiences are rectified 0

369 What are the functions of maritime arbitrators?to decide matters in dispute between two parties to a shipping-related contract, as an alternative to litigation 1to decide matters in dispute between two parties to a shipping-related contract, when no acceptable solution is found in a court of law 0to mediate matters in dispute between two parties to a shipping-related contract, as an alternative to litigation 0to decide terms of the contract of carriage if parties in dispute do not find a mutual solution 0

370 What are the functions of shipbrokers in the dry cargo and tanker market?to negociate the terms and conditions of a charterparty and to ask for approval from owners or charterers before signature 0to settle disputes arrising from agreements between shipowners and charterers 0to supervise performance of agreements between shipowners and charterers 0to find employment for ships and to find suitable sea transport for the carriage of a cargo 1

371 What are the main responsabilities of the seller and buyer when goods are sold on a CIF basis?

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The buyer must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss or of damage to the goods is transferred from the buyer to the seller when goods pass the ship's rail at the loading port 0

The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss or of damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when goods pass the ship's rail at the loading port 1

The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss or of damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when goods pass the ship's rail at the discharging port 0

The buyer must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss or of damage to the goods is transferred from the buyer to the seller when goods pass the ship's rail at the loading port 0

372 What are the main responsibilities of the seller when goods are sold "FOB Constanta"?The seller must bear all costs and risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail at the loading port (Constanta) 1The buyer must bear all costs and risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail at the loading port (Constanta) 0The seller must bear all costs while the buyer must bear all risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail at the loading port (Constanta) 0The buyer must bear all costs while the seller must bear all risks until the goods have passed the ship's rail at the loading port (Constanta) 0

373 What are the options available to a party to a charter-party if the other party breach a condition?she can repudiate the contract and claim damages 1she can only claim damages 0she can either reputiate the contract or claim damages 0she can only claim damages if cargo condition was affected 0

374 What are the options available to a party to a charter-party if the other party breaches a warranty?she can repudiate the contract and claim damages 0she can claim damages 1she can either repudiate the contract or claim damages 0she can only claim damages if cargo condition is affected on delivery 0

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375 What are the points that can not miss from a delivery/redelivery clause in a time charterparty?

A clear identification of loading and discharging ports 0A clear description of bunker consumption and speed 0A clear description of on-hire and off-hire procedure 0A clear identification of delivery and redelivery points 1

376 What are the possible consequences for the owners or carrier of deviating from the contracted voyage?They would be liable for cargo loss, damage and delay, but they would be able to limit their liability according to the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as common law 0

They would still be able to invoke all defences under the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as common law, and avoid liability for cargo loss, damage and delay 0

They would be deprived of all defences under the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as common law, to liability for cargo loss, damage and delay, and would consequently be greatly exposed to claims1

They would be deprived of all defences under the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, as well as common law, to liability for cargo loss, damage and delay, and would also loose their insurance cover even if deviation was not authorised by them 0

377 What can be said about the relationship between unit costs and ships deadweight if there are modern cargo handling equipments available in portsunit costs is increasing while deadweight is increasing 0unit cost is decreasing while deadweight is increasing 1unit cost is not dependent on deadweight 0unit cost is always constant 0

378 What can owners do if time charterers do not pay hire in time?

They should send to the charterers a notification after due date and if the charterers do not pay during grace period, owners can withdraw the vessel from time charterers' service 1

They should send to the charterers a notification before due date and if the charterers do not pay during grace period, owners can withdraw the vessel from time charterers' service 0

They should send to the charterers at least 3 notifications after due date and if the charterers do not pay, owners can withdraw the vessel from time charterers' service 0

They should wait at least 10 days before they send to the charterers a notification to pay and if the charterers do not pay, owners can withdraw the vessel from time charterers' service 0

379 What can the master do when loading or discharging operations are very slow?as long as demurage is paid there is no problem and he should not interfere 0he should inform the owners about the cause of slow loading or discharging 0he should send letters of protest to all parties involved 1

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he should ask crew to participate in loading or discharging operation 0

380 What cargoes can charterers load on a vessel under time charter?Any lawful cargoes 0Lawful cargoes except those specifically excluded by charterparty 1Any cargoes the vessel is built to carry as long as they are not dangerous 0Any cargoes charterers consider suitable, as they will be responsible if vessel is redelivered in a damaged condition 0

381 What do you understand by "back freight"?all expenses incurred by the carrier to return his vessel to original load port if he is not able to find suitable employment 0

all expenses incurred by the carrier to protect the cargo if he is prevented from delivering the cargo at the agreed destination for some reason beyond his control 1

all expenses incurred by the carrier to protect the cargo if he is forced to put lien on cargo at discharging port due to non receipt of freight and demurrage at loading or discharging ports 0

all expenses incurred by the carrier to return the cargo at the loading port if by some reasons vessel is unable to continue her voyage up to final destination 0

382 What do you understand by "Ballast Bonus" in a time charter?It means that if the vessel will ballast for long time between loaded legs owners are entitled to a compensation for all their extra expenses for loss of time and money 0

It means that if the vessel is far away from delivery point charterers agree to compensate owners for the long ballast trip with an agreed amount to cover part of owners expenses 1

It means that if the vessel is far away from delivery point charterers agree to compensate owners for all expenses for the long ballast trip up to delivery point 0

It means that if the vessel is far away from delivery point charterers agree to compensate owners for the long ballast trip with a daily amount which is lower than agreed daily hire 0

383 What do you understand by "lawful merchandise"?It means that the vessel can carry cargoes that can be loaded, carried and discharged without breaking the regulations at loading port, discharging port and regulations of the flag state 1

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It means that the vessel can carry cargoes that can be loaded, carried and discharged without breaking all international rules and regulations 0

It means that the vessel can carry cargoes that can be loaded, carried and discharged without breaking the regulations of all ports the vessel would call before arriving at discharging port 0

It means that the vessel is entitled to carry any cargo that is not officialy declared unlawful by a specialised agency of United Nations or by International Maritime Organisation 0

384 What do you understand by "rye terms" clause in context of cargo quality?according to this clause the buyer can request a price discount if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual quality 1

according with this clause the buyer is entitled to reject the cargo if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual quality 0

according with this clause the cargo is sold on "as is" basis 0

according with this clause the quality of cargo will be determined after delivery and buyer has the right to buy it or not 0

385 What do you understand by "sound delivered" clause in context of cargo quality?according to this clause the buyer can request a price discount if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual quality 0

according with this clause the buyer is entitled to reject the cargo if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual quality 1

according with this clause the cargo is sold on "as is" basis 0

according with this clause the quality of cargo will be determined after delivery and buyer has the right to buy it or not 0

386 What do you understand by "tel quel" clause in context of cargo quality?according to this clause the buyer can request a price discount if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual quality 0

according with this clause the buyer is entitled to reject the cargo if cargo quality is not in accordance with contractual quality 0

according with this clause the cargo is sold on "as is" basis 1

according with this clause the quality of cargo will be determined after delivery and buyer has the right to buy it or not 0

387 What do you understand by "to order" Bill of lading ?

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A bill of lading which can be transferred from one person to another by orders from the shipper or the person who issued it at shippers' request 0

A bill of lading stating that the goods are consigned to a specified person and master is obliged to deliver the goods to that person and only this person is allowed to give orders for delivery of the cargo 0

A bill of lading not mentioning anything abouth the consignee and where the holder can insert his name and thereafter give orders in respect of cargo delivery 0

A bill of lading issued to order of a not named or named entity (bank, consignee, shipper) which can be transferred to third party by endorsment 1

388 What do you understand by "turn time"?it means that the vessel has to be operated into a certain period of time after arrival 0it means that the vessel has to wait until the ship under loading operation is completing loading 0it means that the vessel has to wait for berthing a certain period of time, and this time is not counted as laytime 1it means that the vessel has to wait for berthing a certain period of time, and this time is counted as laytime 0

389 What do you understand by abbreviation "BWAD"?the fact that water density at respective port of call is higher than sea water density 0the fact that water density at respective port of call is between sea water density and fresh water density 1the fact that water density at respective port of call is variable 0the fact that water density at respective port of call can not be precisely measured 0

390 What do you understand by abbreviation "CHABE"?it means that charterers have the right to appoint t loading and discharging ports 0it means that charterers have the right to nominate agents that will be appointed by the owners at loading and discharging ports 1it means that owners have the right to nominate agents that will be appointed by the charterers at loading and discharging ports 0it means that owners have the right to nomitate what agents will be appointed at loading and discharging ports 0

391 What do you understand by abbreviation "ILOHC"?It means that charterers have the option to redeliver the vessel not cleaned against payment of a lumpsum amount 1It means that owners have the option to deliver the vessel not cleaned against payment of a lumpsum amount 0It means that owners have the option to redeliver the vessel not cleaned against payment of a lumpsum amount 0It means in case charterers redeliver the vessel cleaned they are entitled to receive a lumpsum amount0

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392 What do you understand by lumpsum freight ?An agreed amount paid to the charterer for the use of the whole, or part, of a ship to carry cargo on a given voyage 0

An agreed daily amount paid to the shipowner for the use of the whole, or part, of a ship to carry cargo on a given voyage 0

An agreed amount calculated by multiplying vessel deadweight with a unit freight 0

An agreed amount paid to the shipowner for the use of the whole, or part, of a ship to carry cargo on a given voyage 1

393 What do you understand by straight bill of lading?A bill of lading issued to order of a not named or named entity (bank, consignee, shipper) who is entitled to endorse the bill 0

A bill of lading stating that the goods are consigned to a specified person and master is obliged to deliver the goods to that person 1

A bill of lading not mentioning anything abouth the consignee and where the holder can insert his name and ask for delivery of cargo 0

A bill of lading issued to order of the shipper and which can be endorsed in full in favour of the true owner of the cargo 0

394 What documents should the master expect to be given by an on-hire surveyor at the commencement of a time charter?

a full packing list with cargoes to be loaded after completion of survey report and a proposed stowage plan 0a detailed survey report with surveyor's findings about vessels hull, machinery and bunaker on board0

a delivery certificate confirming date and time of hand-over, bunkers on board and conditions of holds/tanks 1

a delivery certificate confirming name of owners, name of time charterers and duration of the contract0

395 What inspections are normal at redelivery at the end of a time charter?on hire survey 0detailed survey of hull and machinery 0off hire survey 1detailed survey of open spaces 0

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396 What inspections of a vessel will a time charterer always make on delivery?a full inspection of the hull an ship's equipments 0a short visit in all compartments to check if they are proper maintained 0on hire survey 1off hire survey 0

397 What is "bunker adjustment factor"a system of stabilizing the freight when there are sudden and unexpected changes in the cost of bunker1a system of increasing the freight when there are unexpected changes in the cost of bunker 0a system of stabilizing the freight when there are sudden and unexpected changes in the bunker consumption 0a system of stabilizing the profit by including all extra bunker consumption in the freight 0

398 What is "currency adjusment factor"?a system of protecting the shippers when their expenses are expressed in other currency than the currency they pay the freight and there is a sudden and unexpected change in the exchange rate 0

a system of converting the freight into a currency favourable to the shipowners 0

a system of protecting the owners against sudden and unexpected changes in the exchange rate of currency the owners earn their freight 0

a system of protecting the owners when their expenses are expressed in other currency than the currency they earn their income and there is a sudden and unexpected change in the exchange rate1

399 What is a "RIDER"?one or more clauses agreed between shipowners and charterers that suplement a standard charter-party form 1

ammendments made to one or more standard clauses and agreed by shipowners and charterers 0

one or more clauses agreed between shipowners and charterers after signature of a charter-party0

one or more clauses agreed between shipowners and charterers that replace clauses from a standard charter-party form 0

400 What is a bank doing on receipt of a claused bills of lading instead of "clean on board" bill of lading required by the letter of credit?

the bank is releasing the money and keep the seller responsible for any claims at discharging port0

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the bank is refusing payment under leter of credit and ask the buyer for instructions 1

the bank is only paying part of the letter of credit amount and keeping the balance as guarantee 0

the bank is not entitled to study the bills of lading, they only have to pay the seller for deliverying the goods 0

401 What is a carrier?a person who is the temporar owner of the vessel performing the carriage from one place to another0

a person who owns the vessel performing the carriage from one place to another 0

a person who agrees to carry goods from one place to another 1

a person who enter into a charter party agreement as shipowner 0

402 What is a charter party?an approved standard agreement containing the express terms of an agreement for the charter of a ship. 0a document containing the express and implied terms of an agreement for the charter of a ship 0a document containing the express terms of an agreement for the charter of a ship. 1a document containing the express terms of an agreement for the hire of a ship. 0

403 What is a charterparty bill of lading?A bill of lading that can replace a charterparty 0A bill of lading having the same terms and conditions like a charterparty 0A bill of lading used only when the vessel is employed on a charterparty clearly mentioning that all bills will be subject to charterparty 0A bill having clauses that incorporate all terms, conditions, liberties and exceptions of a charterparty1

404 What is a contract of affreightment in modern shipping terms?An agreement between a shipper and a carrier, for the carriage of a large number of containers between specific places, over a specified period of time, by vessels of a type and size nominated by the carrier and accepted by the shipper 0

An agreement between a charterer and a shipowner, for the carriage of a not clear defined quantity of named goods between specific places, after a specified period of time, by vessels of a type and size specified by the charterers, but which are nominated b the owners 0

An agreement between a charterer and a shipowner, for the carriage of a large quantity of named goods between specific places, over a specified period of time, by vessels of a type and size specified by the charterers, but which are nominated b the owners 1

405 What is a contract of affreightment in the legal sense often used in maritime law textbooks written by lawyers?

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charterers, but which are nominated b the owners 0any contract of carriage by sea 1either a voyage charter or a time charter agreement 0a bill of lading 0

406 What is a dirty Bill of lading?

A bill of lading issued by the agents on other form than the standard and recomended BIMCO form.0A bill of lading containing false information about the cargo or the shippers/receivers . 0A bill of lading which contains remarks about the defective order or condition or shortage of the goods loaded 1A bill of lading which contains modified or added clauses to the conditions of carriage 0

407 What is a foul Bill of lading?A bill of lading issued by the agents on other form than the standard and recomended BIMCO form.0A bill of lading containing false information about the cargo or the shippers/receivers . 0A bill of lading which contains remarks about the defective order or condition or shortage of the goods loaded 1A bill of lading which contains modified or added clauses to the conditions of carriage 0

408 What is a freight forwarder?a firm specialising in paying the freight for and on behalf of the charterers and preparing the logistic process 0a firm which contract with the carrier for the carriage of goods by sea and arrange loading and/or discharging operations 0a firm specialising in the export and/or import of goods on behalf of exporters or importer and is usually acting as a shipper 1a firm specialising in the export and/or import of goods on behalf of shipowners and is usually acting as shipper 0

409 What is a Letter of Credit?

An undertaking issued by a bank, on behalf of the buyer, to the seller (exporter), to pay for goods, provided that the seller presents documents which comply fully with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit 1An undertaking issued by a bank, on behalf of the seller, to the buyer (importer), to pay for goods, provided that the buyer presents documents which comply fully with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit 0An undertaking issued by an insurer, on behalf of the buyer, to the seller (exporter), to pay for goods, provided that the seller presents documents which comply fully with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit 0

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An undertaking issued by a bank, on behalf of the buyer, to the seller (exporter), to pay for goods, provided that the seller presents documents including a valid bill of lading of lading or a negotiable seawybill 0

410 What is a private carrier?a carrier who is transporting cargoes only for his own interest and from time to time for close charaterers 0a carrier who restricts his strict liability by contracting out of his common law obligations 1a carrier who reduce his liability by contracting out of Hague or Hague Visby obligations 0a carrier who has his own vessels and operate them as he wishes 0

411 What is a safe berth?a berth which, during the relevant period of time, the ship can reach, remain at and depart from without, even if there is some abnormal occurrence, being exposed to danger which cannot be avoided by good navigation and seamanship. 0

a berth which the ship can always reach, remain at and depart from without, in the absence of some abnormal occurrence, being exposed to danger which cannot be avoided by good navigation and seamanship. 0

a berth which, during the relevant period of time, the ship can reach, remain at and depart from without, in the absence of some abnormal occurrence, being exposed to danger which cannot be avoided by good navigation and seamanship. 1

a berth which, during the relevant period of time, the ship can reach, remain at and depart from without, on all weather conditions, being exposed to danger which cannot be avoided by good navigation and seamanship. 0

412 What is a shipmaster's legal position in relation to a time charterer?The master should follow time charterer's instructions in so far as they relate to the administrative activities of the ship 0The master should follow time charterer's instructions in so far as they relate to the commercial activities of the ship 1The master should follow time charterer's instructions in so far as they relate to the management of the ship 0The master should always ask owners for instructions when he receives orders from the time charterer0

413 What is a shipped Bill of Lading?

a bill of lading issued when part of the goods are loaded on board the ship 0a bill of lading issued when goods have been loaded on board a ship 1a bill of lading issued before the vessel sails from the loading port 0a bill of lading issued issued when the carrier receive the goods into his care, before loading into onto the ship 0

414 What is a time charter?

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a contract for hire of a named vessel, with or without crew, for a specified period of time 0a contract for hire of a named vessel together with services of the crew for a specified period of time1a contract for hire of vessel which will be nominated at a latter stage for certain period of time 0a contract for carriage of a cargo from one place to another where freight is paid per day 0

415 What is an accomplished Bill of lading?One of the set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the ship's master at the loading port, allowing the shipper to load and deliver of the cargo to the carrier 0

Full set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the ship's master at the discharge port, allowing the receiver to take delivery of the cargo 0

One of the set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the ship's master at the discharge port, allowing the legal holder to take delivery of the cargo 1

One of the set of original Bills of Lading which has been surrendered to the bank, allowing the legal holder to get paid for delivering the cargo to the carrier and complying with Letter of credit 0

416 What is freight?The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for the carriage of goods from the port of shipment to the agreed destination. 1The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for carriage of goods from the port of shipment to any port of discharge 0The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for carriage of goods from port of shipment to a place situated as near as possible to the port of discharge 0The agreed rate payable to the shipowner for renting the ship for a certain period of time to the charterer 0

417 What is happening if a clause from the rider is in contradiction with a clause from the standard form?

the clause from the rider has priority of interpretation over the clause from the standard form 1

the clause from the standard form has priority of interpretation over the clause from the rider 0

none of the clauses have priority of interpretation and master should ask for instruction from charterers

0either the owners or the charterers should refer the case to arbitration for a decision over interpretation

0

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418 What is happening if a time chartered vessel is withdrawn from the service of time charters in the middle of a voyage and "freight prepaid" bills have been released?

The owners have the right to discharge the cargo at the nearest port if they are not paid the outstanding hire in full 0The owners have to deliver the cargo as per voyage charter party no matter if they are paid or not1The owners have to perform the voyage up to the end, but they will not deliver the cargo unless outstanding hire is paid in full 0the owners have the right to return to the loading port and discharge the cargo if they are not paid0

419 What is meant by "inherent vice in the goods"?

a natural tendency of the goods to deteriorate if they are not proper looked for 0a hiden deficiency of the goods not discoverable at first sight 0a natural tendency of the goods to deteriorate without human negligence 1a natural tendency of the goods to loose weight during the carriage 0

420 What is probably the most commonly defined trading area in time charters for a vessel trading worldwide?withing Institute Navigation Limits 0between good and safe ports 0within Institute Warranty Limits 1outside Institute Warranty Limits 0

421 What is stale bill of lading ?

a bill of lading which was presented to the bank after expiry of the date of the credit or 21 days after signature if a date of expiry is not mentioned 1a bill of lading which was issued by a party having not authority to sign on behalf of the carrier 0a clause bill of lading which was presented to the bank and the bank is not sure if it affects the interest of the receivers or not 0a bill of lading which was presented to the bank after expiry of last day of shipment or 21 days after signature if last day of shipment in not mentioned 0

422 What is tally sheet?Tally sheet is the document issued by persons recording cargo coming into or going out of a ship 1Tally sheet is the document issued always by stevedoring company recording cargo available for loading or received into their custody 0Tally sheet is the document issued by persons recording cargo condition at loading or discharging ports0Tally sheet is the document issued by persons recording number and condition of cargo loaded or discharged 0

423 What is the carrier's lien?

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The right of the carrier to retain possesion of the cargo carried as a security for the performance of an obligation under contract, or to secure satisfaction of a claim. 1

The right of the carrier to sell the the cargo carried in order to cover his unpaid expenses for the performance of an obligation under contract, or to settle an old claim. 0

The right of the carrier to retain possesion of the cargo carried as a security for a future performance of an obligation under contract, or to secure a possible future a claim. 0

The right of the carrier to retain property of the cargo carried as a security for the performance of an obligation under contract, or to secure satisfaction of a claim. 0

424 What is the criterion used by banks when they analyze a claused bills of lading?they have to take into consideration shippers' interests 0they have to take into consideration shipowners' interests 0they have to take into consideration receivers' interests 1they have to take into consideration charterers' interests 0

425 What is the deadweight of a capesize vessel?between 70,000 and 150,000 dwt 0between 80,000 and 180,000 dwt 1between 120,000 and 180,000 dwt 0between 110,000 and 220,000 dwt 0

426 What is the deadweight of a handymax vessel?between 28,000 and 45,000 dwt 0between 35,000 and 42,000 dwt 0between 38,000 and 52,000 dwt 0between 38,000 and 48,000 dwt 1

427 What is the deadweight of a handysize vessel?between 18,000 and 35,000 dwt 1between 18,000 and 45,000 dwt 0between 22,000 and 35,000 dwt 0between 38,000 and 45,000 dwt 0

428 What is the deadweight of a Panamax vessel ?between 35,000 and 75,000 dwt 0between 45,000 and 90,000 dwt 0between 50,000 and 80,000 dwt 1between 80,000 and 120,000 dwt 0

429 What is the deadweight of a supramax vessel?between 48,000 and 58,000 dwt 0between 45,000 and 56,000 dwt 0between 52,000 and 58,000 dwt 1between 38,000 and 58,000 dwt 0

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430 What is the difference between a common law lien and a contractual lien?There is no difference as both common law and contractual lien have to be incorporated by a term expressed in the contract in order to offer effective protection 0

A common law lien does not need to be expressely stated in the contract, whereas a contractual lien is one incorporated by a term expressed in the contract 1

A common law lien needs to be expressely stated in the contract, whereas a contractual lien needs not to be incorporated by a term expressed in the contract 0

The difference is not very important as in a contract of carriage of goods by sea all that matters is the express provision of the contract in respect of lien 0

431 What is the difference between delivery terms FOB and CIF in respect of the moment risks are transferred from the seler to the buyer?

Under FOB delivery risks are transferred from buyer to seller on passing ships rail at loading port while under CIF delivery risks are transferred on passing ship's rail at discharging port 0

Under FOB delivery risks are transferred from buyer to seller on completion of loading while under CIF delivery risks are transferred on completion of discharging 0

Under FOB delivery risks are transferred from buyer to seller on passing ships rail while under CIF delivery risks are transferred on cargo delivery 0

there is no difference 1

432 What is the golden rule on international trade from point of view of country were the traders are based?to export on CIF terms and import on FOB terms 1to export on FOB terms and import on CIF terms 0to export and import on CIF terms 0to export and import on FOB terms 0

433 What is the importance of expression "freight prepaid" in a bill of lading ?It means that freight has to be paid before commencing loading operations 0It means that freight has to be paid before signing charterparty 0It means that freight has to be paid before releasing bill of lading 1It means that freight has to be paid before delivery of the cargo 0

434 What is the last version of INCOTERMS?INCOTERMS 2007 0INCOTERMS 1990 0

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INCOTERMS 2000 1INCOTERMS 2004 0

435 What is the main benefit to the buyer when he buys on an FOB basis?

he can sell the goods after arrival at discharging port 0he can sell the goods after passing ships rail at loading port 0he can sell the goods once he has received the documents 1he can buy the goods once he has received the documents 0

436 What is the main concern of an owner chartering his ship on a charter by demise?

the owner is mainly concerned with charterers competence in fixing the ship profitably 0the owner is concerned with vessel performing voyages with required speed and without extra bunker consumption 0the owner is mainly concerned with charterers competence in maintaining the ship in a good technical condition 1the owner is mainly concerned with crew competence in performing their job 0

437 What is the main particularity of a Time Charter ?

Vessel is from all points of view under charterers control for a long period of time 0

Vessel is from administrative point of view under charterers direct control for a limited period of time0

vessel is from commercial point of view under charterers direct control for a limited period of time1

vessel is from both commercial and administrative point of view under charterers direct control for a limited period of time 0

438 What is the meaning of the word "about” when it is used to describe vessels deadweight cargo capacity?

always a tolerance of 5 % is considered acceptable 0always a tolerance of 10 % is considered acceptable 0it depends on ship's size, but generally a tolerance of 5 % is considered acceptable 1only for small vessel a certain tolerance is acceptable 0

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439 What is the name of the document used to charter space on a liner vessel?Booking Note 1Charter-party 0Book of Lading 0Bill of Lading 0

440 What is the purpose of a Letter of Credit?to enable the seller to take control of the goods soon after the shipment 0to enable the seller to receive payment for the goods soon after the shipment 1to enable the seller to receive payment for the goods before shipment on board the vessel 0to guarantee to the seller that he will receive payment for the goods before delivery 0

441 What is the purpose of the "Paramount Clause" in a bill of lading?Incorporates the Hague or Hague-Visby Rules 1Incorpoatres the Hamburg Rules 0Incorporates either Hague, Hague-Visby or Hamburg Rules depending on the port cargo is loaded.0Incorporates either Hague, Hague-Visby or Hamburg Rules 0

442 What is the recommended INCOTERMS 2000 delivery term for a shipper having the obligation to load the cargo on board a RO-RO vessel?FOB 0FAS 0FCA 1 (Free Carrier)FAC 0

443 What is the relationship between Bill of lading and Letter of Credit?

Bill of lading has to be in strict conformity with Letter of Credit requirements, any discrepancy can delay or refuse payment 1Letter of credit has to be issued in strict conformity with content of the Bill of Lading and in this way there in no discrepancy 0Bills of lading has to be issued in accordance with Letter of Credit, but almost always discrepancies are accepted if they are not too serious 0Bills of Lading and Letters of Credit are different documents and there is no relationship between them0

444 What is the usual loading rate in the liner trades?

In liner trades loading is usually arranged by shipowners and usual loading rate is "as fast as the vessel can receive" 1In liner trades loading is usually arranged by the charterers and usual loading rate is in accordance with custom of the port 0In liner trades loading is usually arranged by shipowners and usual loading rate is "2000 metric tons per running day" 0

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In liner trades loading is usually arranged by the charterers and usual loading rate is in accordance with charter-party terms and conditions 0

445 What is the value in law of a letter of indemnity for issuing "clean on board" bills of lading while mate's receipts are claused ?

Such a letter of indemnity has no value in law and most jurisdictions treat is as null and void and contrary to public order 1By such a letter of indemnity shippers guarantee that if the carrier will held liable for damages he will be reimbursed for the amount paid 0By such a letter of indemnity shippers guarantee that if there are any claims, they will settle the claim directly with the receivers 0By such a letter of indemnity receivers can not consider responsible the carrier and they have to sue shippers 0

446 What kind of marking is recommended for explosives?neutral 0original 0resistant 0special 1

447 What security does a bank involved in a Letter of Credit transaction have in return for the sum advanced?It can ask for a mortgage on the cargo or on other proprty belonging to the buyer 0It has possesion of the "to order" bill of lading and thus has constructive possession of the goods 1It has property of the bill of lading and can sell the goods if payment is not done in time 0It advances money only to the customers known as good performers 0

448 What ship costs might be paid by a voyage charterer instead of the shipowner?

cargo handling costs when the ship is employed on FIO basis 1cargo handling costs when the ship is employed on LILO basis 0canal tools 0agency fees 0

449 What should a master do if his ship is delayed on a delivery voyage?

Stop the vessel and wait for charterers to decide if they cancel the charterparty or not 0Continue with all despatch to the delivery place and check with owners for instructions 1Give false information to charterers about vessel's arrival date 0Reduce speed and wait for charterers to decide if they cancel the carterparty or not 0

450 What should a master of a tanker which has just completing loading do if the ship's cargo figure is greater than the shipper?

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Enter the shipper's figures on the Bill of Lading 1Enter the ship's figure on the Bill of lading 0Issue a letter of protest to the shippers 0ask for an independent survey 0

451 What should an agent nominated by the voyage charterers, but appointed by the owners do when there is a dispute between shipowners and voyage charterers?he should do whatever is required to protect charterers interests 0he should remember that his primary responsibility is to serve the shipowners 1he should refuse to act as agent anymore and ask shipowners and charterers to nominate their own agents 0he should act as an independent observer and leave the shipowners and charterers to solve their problems 0

452 What statement normally appears in the title of a sea waybill?"NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILL" 0"NON NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILL" 1"ORIGINAL SEA WAYBILL" 0"PARTLY NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILL" 0

453 What would be the legal effect of a failure by the carrier to show that he exercised due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy?if a cargo owner can show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy, the carrier will still be able limit his liability 0

even if a cargo owner can show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy, the carrier will still be able limit his liability 0

even if a cargo owner can not show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy, the carrier will not be able limit his liability 0

if a cargo owner can show that his loss was caused by a failure of the carrier to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy, the carrier will not be able limit his liability 1

454 When are Letters of Indemnity for cargo condition and quantity an acceptable practice in the shipping industry?They are not an acceptable practice and their use can be considered a fraudulent practice. 1They can be accepted when remarks on bills of lading are minor and in this way clients are satisfied.0They can be accepted only when there is a long trading relation between charterers and owners.0They can be accepted only when there is a long trading relation between shippers and owners. 0

455 When cargo is stowed on deck at shippers riskthe carrier is not responsible for any cargo damage 0the carrier is responsible if cargo damage is generated by lack of seaworthiness 1the carrier is responsible for any cargo damage 0the degree of responsibility is the same no matter if cargo was stowed on or under deck 0

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456 When fixing a ship, the freight has been agreed as " USD 40 per weight or measurement". What would be the freight payable if the vessel loads a cargo of 3000 metric tons and 2800 cubic meters?USD 120,000 1USD 112,000 0USD 116,000 0USD 125,000 0

457 When fixing a ship, the freight has been agreed as " USD 40 per weight or measurement". What would be the freight payable if the vessel loads a cargo of 3000 metric tons and 5000 cubic meters?USD 120,000 0USD 200,000 1USD 140,000 0USD 160,000 0

458 When freight level is negotiated basis 0/0 it means thatport expenses are covered by the owner 0port expenses are covered by the charterer 1port expenses at loading are covered by the charterer and port expenses at discharging are covered by the owner 0port expenses at loading are covered by the owner and port expenses at discharging are covered by the charterer 0

459 When freight level is negotiated basis 1/1 it means thatport expenses at one loading and one discharging ports are paid by the charterer 0port expenses at one loading and one discharging ports are paid by the owner 1port expenses at loading are covered by the charterer and port expenses at discharging are covered by the owner 0vessel is only entitled to call at one loading and one discharging ports 0

460 When INCOTERMS apply to a international sale of goods transaction?when parties agree to incorporate them into an international sale contract 1always when a international sale contract is concluded 0when one of the parties to a contract is based in a country where rules apply 0when more means of transportations are used and at least one is sea transport 0

461 When is the master under un obligation to deliver the goods at destination if the vessel has no reason to put lien on cargoes?Immediately after berthing and completion of arrival formalities 0After custom clearance has been obtained 0After presentation of an original bill of lading 1After presentation of all set of original bills of lading 0

462 When is the shipper entitled to demand issuing of a bill of lading according to Hague Rules?

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only after the cargo has been loaded on board the ship 0after the carrier has received the goods into his charge 1after the cargo is stored into custom's custody 0after the carrier inspect the goods on loading berth 0

463 When the word "about" is used in a time charterparty to describe the speed thenmedium speed, under good weather, during each voyage should be equal with the speed mentioned in the charterparty 0medium speed, under good weather, during each voyage can be lower with 0.5 Knots than the speed mentioned in the charterparty 1medium speed, under good weather, during each voyage can be lower with 1 Knot than the speed mentioned in the charterparty 0speed can never be lower with more than 0.5 Knots than the speed mentioned in the charterparty0

464 Where a ship is time chartered, which ship costs are generally paid by the time charterer?operating costs 0operating and voyage costs 0voyage costs 1capital costs 0

465 Where no bills of lading have been issuedthe master is entitled to deliver the cargo as required by the charterer 0the master is required to deliver the cargo to the entity mate's receipt has been issued to 1the master is required to deliver the goods to the holder of mate's receipt no matter if he is the original shipper or not 0the master is entitled to keep the goods until one original bill of lading is issued 0

466 Where there is a doubt over who the carrier is what should the master of a time chartered vessel do?assume that time chartererers are legally the carrier and wait for their instructions 0assume that owners are legally the carrier and take care of the cargo and documentation accordingly1assume that voyage charterers are legally the carrier and wait for their instruction and then ask owners for approval 0assume that either owners and time charterers can be considered carriers and ask both of them for instructions 0

467 Which are the two most important INCOTERMS in sea transport?FCA and DES 0

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FAS and CFR 0FOB and CIF 1EXW and DDU 0

468 Which of below can NOT be considered delivery terms belonging to Group "D" of INCOTERMS 2000DEQ 0DPT 1DES 0DDP 0

469 Which of below is the contract of carriage in liner trades between shipper and the carrier?Bill of lading 0Booking note 1Depends on terms of the fixture 0charter-party 0

470 Which of the below can be considered shipowner's usual basic obligations under a voyage charter-party?to provide a seaworthy ship suitable for the carrying the intended cargo 1to bring the ship to the agred loading port by the agreed date 0to load the cargo supplied by the shippers 0to deliver cargo as instructed by the charterers 0

471 Which of the below clauses can transform the bill of lading into a "foul Bill of Lading"Free in and out 0General average to be settled in accordance with York Antwerp rules 0Unproper packing 1Cargo condition unknown 0

472 Which of the below clauses refering to packing are used when the value of packing is included in the price of the cargo?Netto 0Netto plus packing 0Brutto/netto 1Brutto 0

473 Which of the below documents are used for drawing up bills of lading for general cargoes?Statement of facts 0draft survey reports 0Mate's receipts 1Preloading survey reports 0

474 Which of the ship's expenses mentioned below are covered by the time charterer?

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crew expenses 0bunker used during off - hire periods 0class inspections 0canal expenses 1

475 Who do you expect to be the charterer when the goods are sold on CIF basis?the seller 1the buyer 0the shipper 0the freight forwarder 0

476 Who do you expect to be the charterer when the goods are sold on DES basis?the seller 1 (Delivered Ex Ship) - Livrat franco navathe buyer 0the shipper 0the freight forwarder 0

477 Who do you expect to be the charterer when the goods are sold on FOB basis?the seller 0the buyer 1the receiver 0the freight forwarder 0

478 Who earns the salvage reward if a bareboat chartered vessel is earning salvage?Shipowners 0bareboat charterers 1it is shared between shipowners and bareboat charterers 0H&M insurers of the vesel 0

479 Who is covering canal transit expenses and who is bearing risks of delay for a vessel under time charter?Canal Transit expenses are covered by the charterers and risks for delay are on owners account 0Canal transit expenses and risks for delay are shared 50/50 between owners and charterers 0Canal transit expenses and risks for delay are covered by the charterers 1Canal transit expenses are covered by the owners and risks for delay are on charterers account 0

480 Who is covering dunnaging, lashing and securing expenses in liner trades?charterers 0shipowners 1shippers 0freight forwarders 0

481 Who is entitled to sign the bill of lading according with Hamburg rules?Only master or vessel's agent at loading port. 0Any person having authority from the carrier 1Any person having authority from the shipowner 0

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Master and any person agreed by the shipowner 0

482 Who is the legal carrier under a time charter if the bills are signed by the mastershipowners 1time charterers 0voyage charterers 0disponent owners 0

483 Who is the ship's agent principal?the party who proposed the agent to the shipowners 0the party who appointed the agent and will be paying the agency fee 1always the headowner is the ship's agent principal 0either the shipowners or the charterers depending on charterparty terms 0

484 Who is usually appointing and who is paying the stevedoring company in liner trades?stevedoring company is appointed and paid by the owners 1stevedoring company is appointed and paid by the charterers 0stevedoring company is appointed by the owners, but is paid by the charterers 0stevedoring company is appointed by the charterers, but is paid by the owners 0

485 Who is usually signing from ship's staff daily tally reports?the master 0ship's tally clerk 0duty officer or chief mate 1supercargo 0

486 Why are the lines of most standard charter-party forms numbered?to make sure that somebody has not deleted some lines 0to make easier the process of amending the standard clauses 1to make easier the process of inserting new clauses 0to make easier the process of reading the charter-party 0

487 Why do deck cargo warrant a special agreement between shipper and carrier under Hague Visby Rules?Because of the special risks to which goods stowed on deck are exposed 1Because at the time of adoption of the rules, vessels were not very strong 0Because cargoes carried on deck make the vessel unseaworthy 0Because vessel's stability can be compromised by loading cargo on deck 0

488 Why is a lien clause included into a contract of carriage?to give the owners the opportunity to recover the common law expenses made by the owners which are due and not paid before delivery of the cargo 0

to give the owners the opportunity to recover some of the amounts mentioned in lien clause, due and not paid before delivery of the cargo 1

to give the owners the opportunity to recover all of the amounts due to them and not paid before and after delivery of the cargo 0

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to give the charterers the opportunity to recover some of the amounts due to them by the owners and not paid before vessel sailing from discharging port 0

489 Why is it important for the number of signed original Bills of lading to be shown?

to deliver the cargo only against presentation of all originals 0to reduce the risk of fraud 1to know how many receivers will ask for delivery of cargo 0to reduce the risk of loosing part of them 0

490 Why sometimes freight is not payable 100% before delivery of the cargo?Because sometimes cargo is damaged during voyage and charterers want to compensate damages with balance freight 0Because sometimes cargo is delivered with significant delays and charterers want to compensate loss of market value with balance freight 0Because sometimes vessels are employed with despatch and charterers want to compensate despatch with balance freight 1Because vessels are employed with demurrage and charterers want to pay this amount together with balance freight 0

491 Will the master of a bareboat chartered vessel maintain communication with the head owners?

Master will only maintain communication with disponent owners 0Master will always report to head owner vessel's position and next emloyement 0Master will reply to head owners requirements either direct or via his disponent owners 1Master is not allowed to communicate with the head owner 0

492 A bill of lading can accomplish his function of document of title if the carrieraccurately describe the quantity and condition of the cargo on loading 1guarantee that the cargo will be delivered in the same condition as on loading 0deliver the cargo without delay 0do not deliver the cargo without presentation of original bill of lading 1

493 A ship with deadweight cargo capacity of 32,800 metric tons has loaded 32.500 metric tons and no cargo is available. Under these circumstances master is required to issue a dead freight letter if vessel was employed on expression31,000 metric tons 5% moloo 131,000 metric tons 5 pct molchop 0min/max 32,000/33,000 metric tons 133,000 metric tons 5% lchop 0

494 A ship with deadweight cargo capacity of 35,000 metric tons has loaded 32.500 metric tons and no further cargo is available. Under these circumstances master is required to issue a dead freight letter if vessel was employed on expression31,000 metric tons 5 percent more or less in owners option 134,000 metric tons 5 percent more or less in charterers option 0min/max 33,000 metric tons 1

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min/max 32,000/33,000 metric tons 1

495 A vessel employed into a time charter contract is considered off-hire ifvessel proceed to shelter due to bad weather 0ship's cranes are out of order and they are required for loading 1on sailing vessel has no chief mate and she is not allowed to sail 1repairs at main engine are carried out during loading operation 0

496 According to Hague Visby Rules the carrier is entitled to deviate from the usual routefor saving life or property at sea 1for attempting to save life or property at sea 1for any reasonable purpose 1for any kind of repairs 0

497 According to Hamburg rules the carrier is entitled to carry cargo on deckif such carriage is in accordance with an agreement with the shipper 1if it is clearly mentioned on the bill of lading that cargo is carried on deck 0if such carriage is required by statutory rules or regulations 1if such carriage is in accordance with the usage of the particular trade 1

498 Acording to Hague Rules, the carrier is discharged from all liability in respect of loss or damage to the cargounless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the goods 1unless claim is made within one year after delivery of the goods 0unless suit is brought within one year after discharge of the goods 0unless suit is brought within one year after date when the goods should have been delivered. 1

499 Acording to Hamburg rules, the carrier is not entitled to the benefit of the limitation of liability if it is proved that the loss, damage or delay in delivery of the cargo

resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with the intent to cause such loss, damage or delay

1resulted from negligence or omission of the carrier or his servants done without intent to cause such loss, damage or delay 0

resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done without knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result. 0

resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result. 1

500 Based on how the box "consignee" of a bill of lading is filled in, bills of lading can be classified as:Bearer Bills of Lading 1Order Bills of Lading 1

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Straight Bills of Lading 1Liner Bills of Lading 0

501 Endorsement of a Bill of lading can be made:In blank 1In empty 0In full 1In black 0

502 For a vessel under time charter, commercial activities for which master should follow charterers instructions includevoyage orders 1sending messages to various parties involved 1issuing bills of lading 1change of incompentent crew 0

503 Freigh can be calculatedper metric or long or short ton of cargo 1per deadweight all told 0per cargo measurement or volume 1ad valorem 1

504 Freight can be calculatedper weight or measurement 1as a lumpsum amount 1per gross or net tonnage 0per displacement 0

505 Hague rules do NOT applywhen carriage is covered by a charteparty bill of lading 0when carriage is covered by a charterparty 1when carriage is covered by a seawaybill 1when carriage is covered by a bill of lading 0

506 Hague rules do NOT applyto carriage of goods by road 1to carriage of goods by rail 1to carriage of goods by sea 0to carriage of goods by river 1

507 Hague Visby rules apply ifBills of lading is issued in a country where Hague Visby rules have been ratified 1Cargo is discharged in a country where Hague Visby rules have been ratified 0Paramount clause is incorporated into Bill of Lading 1Cargo is loaded from country where Hague Visby rules have been ratified 1

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508 How long may the hire period be under a time charter?for just a single voyage 1for several voyages 1a period of months or even years 1only for minimum 3 years 0

509 How may a bill of lading be considered a receipt for freight?if bill of lading is marked "freight prepaid" 1if bill of lading is marked "freight paid" 1if bill of lading is marked "freight prepayable" 0if bill of lading is marked "freight collect" 0

510 If a charter-party does not specifically exclude dangerous cargoes the owner can refuse to load them ifthe cost of implementing safety measures is very high 1the crew is refusing to participate in the process of loading and discharging 0it is impossible to safely carry them up to final destination 1the extra expenses involved are higher than the bugdeted expenses 0

511 If shippers have loaded dangerous cargo without owners consent, but with master's approvalthe owners have no mean of recourse against charterers 0the owners have the option to terminate the charter-party and ask for damages 1the owners have the option of keeping the charter valid and ask for a higher freight 1the owners are under an obligation to carry the cargo up to its final destination without extra freight0

512 In a contract of carriage of goods by sea, in respect of what claims has the carrier a common law possesory lien?unpaid freight 1demurrage or detention 0general average charges 1money spent in protecting the cargo 1

513 In a nutshell, what are the carrier's basic obligations under the Hague Visby rules?to exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthy 1to properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the cargo 1to present for loading a seaworthy ship and in every way fit for the voyage 0to issue, on demand of the shipper, a bill of Lading after receiving the goods into his charge 1

514 In a nutshell, what three things do the carrier's rights and immunities under the hague Visby rules concern?carriers exceptions to liabilities 1carriers right in respect of dangerous goods 1carriers right in respect of deck cargo 0carriers right to deviate 1

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515 In case a cargo is transported from port A, via port C, to port B and providing all ports are situated in different countries and all countries have ratified Hague-Visby Rule then:Hague - Visby rules apply continously from port A to port B 0Hague-Visby Rules apply if carriage from port A to port B is covered by only one bill of lading 1Hague-Visby Rules apply even if carriage from port A to port B is covered by two ladings bills of lading0Hague-Visby rules do no apply while cargo is in transit in port C if carriage is covered by two bills of lading 1

516 In the law relating to contracts of carriage of goods by sea the terms as classified asconditions 1warranties 1innominate terms 1indefinite terms 0

517 In which of the below circumstances it would be appropriate for a master to issue a letter of protest?when there is a discrepancy between ship's and shore cargo figures 1when dock workers are misusing ship's equipment 1after every case of General Average 0after the ship has been damaged from any cause 0

518 In which of the below circumstances it would be appropriate for a master to issue a letter of protest?when cargo is loaded too fast or too slow 1after the ship has been damaged from any cause 0when stevedores are damaging the ship 1after an accident at sea 0

519 In which of the below delivery terms the risks are transferred from the seller to the buyer on passing ship's rail at loading port?FOB 1CFR 1 CFR (Cost and Freight) - Cost si navlu: vanzatorul angajeaza nava, o incarca si o duce in portul de destinatie convenit.DEQ 0FCA 0

520 In which of the below situation a ship can be considered unseaworthy if the contract of carriage is governed by Hague - Visby Rulesthe ship is listed 8 degrees on port side on sailing 1the vessel has no chief officer and the position is required by safe maning certificate 1during the voyage one of the seamen forget a light turned on inside the hold and the cargo is partly damaged 0on departure from bunkering port, the vessel has serious engine problems 1

521 In which of the below situations a vessel may be held to be unseaworthy

100

vessels sailed from last port without statutory certificates 1vessel holds are not properly fitted for the cargo 1vessel has unproperly qualified master or officers 1vessel doesn't carry latest version of charts 0

522 The aims of an on-hire survey are to determine the quality of bunker on delivery 0that holds/tanks are fit for commencement of loading 1the level of maintenance of machinery and equipments 0the general condition of the vesssel 1

523 The general rule in maritime transportation is that cargo is carried below deck. Which of the below can be considered exceptions from this rule?there is a special provision in the contract of carriage allowing the shipowner to load cargoes on deck1such cargoes are usually caried on deck 1ship's stability require some cargo to be loaded on deck 0carriage of containers 1

524 The Hague Visby Rules will not normally cover cargo shipped on deck. Under what circumstances will the Hague Visby rules cover a deck cargo?If cargo is stowed on deck and Bill of Lading is clearly mentioning that cargo is stowed on deck 0If cargo which should have been stowed under deck is stowed on deck 1If a bill of lading in respect of cargo which should have been shipped on deck does not clearly mention the deck carriage on its face 1If that type of cargo is usually carried on deck and Bill of Lading in clearly mentioning that cargo is stowed on deck 0

525 Under certain circumstances, Hague rules do not apply to ordinary commercial shipments made in the ordinary course of trade and where there is no justification for any special agreement 0where the character or condition of the property to be carried are such as reasonably to justify a special agreement. 1where the circumstances, terms and conditions under which the carriage is to be performed are such as reasonably to justify a special agreement. 1where the both the character of the property and circumstances under which the carriage is to be performed do not justify a special agreement 0

526 Under the Hague Visby Rules the carrier or the ship will NOT be responsible for loss or damage arising from:act, neglect or default of the carrier, master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the ship 0act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the ship 1act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the cargo 0

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saving or atempting to save life or property at sea 1

527 Under the Hague Visby Rules the carrier or the ship will NOT be responsible for loss or damage arising from:act, neglect or default of the carrier, master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the ship 0fire, even if caused by actual fault or privity of the carrier 0dangers and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters 1insufficiency or inadequacy of the marks 1

528 Under the Hague Visby Rules the carrier or the ship will not be responsible for loss or damage arising from:act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the cargo 0act of public enemies 1quarantine regulations 1act, neglect or default of the carrier, master, mariner, pilor or the servants of the carrier in navigation or management of the ship 0

529 War Cancelling clauses are usually used invoyage charter-parties 0time charter-parties 1bareboat charter-parties 1consecutive voyage charter-parties 1

530 What are the documents usualy required by a sale contract, involving maritime transportation, to prove the quantity of cargo loadedSeaway bill 1Bill of Lading 1Mate's receipt 0Draft survey report 0

531 What are the international uniform rules used for interpretation of trade terms defining obligations and right of seller and buyer in an international sale of goods transactions?Hague Rules 0INCOTERMS 1RAFTD 1 (Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions)UNCITRAL 0

532 What are the main features of maritime lien that distinguish it from a possessory lien?

a maritime lien is a lien against the property whereas a possessory lien is a lien against the person1a maritime lien is a lien against the person whereas a possessory lien is a lien against the property0

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possessory lien is dependent on possession of the property whereas maritime lien is not dependent on possession 1possessory lien is not dependent on possession of the property whereas maritime lien is dependent on possession 0

533 What are the main groups of ship costs?capital costs 1running costs 1voyage costs 1variable costs 0

534 What are the main requirements of packing that are important in maritime transportation?to be original 0to be esthetic 0to be light 1to be resistant 1

535 What are the major types of lien of importance to seafarers?possesory liens 1cargo liens 0property liens 0maritime liens 1

536 What are the three internationally agreed rules defining the basic contractual obligations, right and immunities of sea carriers and cargo shippers where a Bill of Lading or Sea Waybill is issued?Hague Rules 1Hague Visby Rules 1York Antwerp Rules 0Hamburg Rules 1

537 What are the traditional forms of employment for merchant ships?on contracts of affreighment markets 0on liner services 1on voyage and time charter markets 1on bareboat charter markets 0

538 What are two options available for payment of freight according with Gencon 94 standard form?prepaid 1payable after delivery 0payable as per charter-party 0on delivery 1

539 What do you understand by a "bearer" Bill of lading?A "bearer" bill of lading is a bill of lading that has the words "to bearer" or "to holder" in the consignee space or after indorsment 1

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A "bearer" bill of lading can be a bill of lading stating that the goods are consigned to a specified person and the bearer can take delivery of the cargo 0A "bearer" bill of lading is a bill of lading issued to order of a not named or named entity (bank, consignee, shipper) which can give orders for delivery to third party 0A "bearer" bill of lading can be a bill of lading with consignee space left blank and in this way can pass from hand to hand 1

540 What documents are typically required to be obtained by the seller under the terms of a Letter of Credit?a set of original, "clean on board" Bills of Lading made out "to order" 1a commercial invoice 1a preloading survey of the cargo 0a certificate of insurance 1

541 What forms do seaworthiness take in carriage of goods law ?fittedness for the intended voyage 1fitted for encountering all sea perils 0cargoworthiness 1technical seaworthiness 1

542 What is deadfreight?A sum of liquidated damages charged by the shipowner to the charterer for his failure to load the vessel up to her maximum deadweight cargo capacity 0A sum of liquidated damages charged by the shipowner to the charterer for failure to load the maximum quantity of cargo shipowner is entitled to require 1A sum of liquidated damages charged by the shipowner to the charterer for their failure to load the minimum quantity of cargo they are under obligation to provide 1A sum of liquidated damages charged by the charterer to the shipowner for failure to load the maximum quantity of cargo charterer is entitled to offer 0

543 What kind of deviations would probably be regarded in law as unjustifiable?taking a route which is not the custom of the trade, for purely private reasons 1deviation due to the default of the charterers 0putting into an intermediate port or place for stores or provisions which are not essential to the safe completion of the voyage 1putting into a port for bunkers for a future voyage when there is no clause in the contract of carriage allowing it 1

544 What ship costs can be clasified as voyage costs?pilotage 1towage 1repairs during the voyage 0berth charges 1

545 What ship costs can be classified as capital costs?purchase costs 1leasing charges 1interest charges 1

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insurance charges 0

546 What ship costs can be classified as operating costs?drydocking and survey 1repairs and maintenance 1insurance premiums 1costs of bunker fuel 0

547 What ship costs can be classified as operating costs?Crewing 1water and lube oil 1provisions and stores 1heavy fuel 0

548 What ship costs can be classified as voyage costs?canal tools 1port charges 1P&I insurance 0water and lube oil 0

549 What types of carriers are on the shipping market?liner carriers 0common carriers 1private carriers 1tramp carriers 0

550 When a vessel is delivered into a time charter contract one of the objectives of "on-hire" survey is to determine the quantity of bunker on board at delivery time due to the fact thatit is important to know if vessel has enough bunker up to next usual bunkering place 0it is always good to know what bunker the vessel has on board at beginning of a voyage 0vessel has to be redelivered with almost same quantity of bunker as on delivery 1bunker used from delivery time is for charterers' account 1

551 When assessing the condition of the cargo the master should be concerned ofquality of the cargo 0condition of packing 1external condition of the cargo 1condition of the cargo inside packs 0

552 When is the shipowner entitled to freight without deductions?When goods arrive at destination with minor damages 1When goods arrive at destination such badly damaged that they are unmerchantable in the sense that they no longer answer to their commercial description 0only part of the goods arrive at destination 0only part of the goods arrive at destination and freight is agreed on lumpsum basis 1

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553 Where the Hague Visby Rules apply, the carrier must before and at the beginning of the voyage exercise due diligence to:make the ship seaworthy 1properly lash the cargo loaded on deck 0make all parts of the ship in which goods are carried fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation 1properly man, equip and supply the ship 1

554 Which of below can be considered maritime liens?salvor's lien on ship and/or her cargo for his reward 1master's lien on the ship for his wages 1carrier's lien on cargo for non payment of freight 0bunker supplier's lien on the ship for payment of bunker 1

555 Which of below can be considered particularities of liner navigation?service consists in repeated sailings at regular intervals between the same designaed ports 1freight rates vary in the same manner like stocks and bonds change prices in the security markets0loading and discharging costs are usually included in the freight 1procurement of cargo is handled through brokers who represent the shipowners 0

556 Which of below can be considered particularities of tramp navigation?service consists in repeated sailings at regular intervals between the same designated ports 0freight rates vary in the same manner like stocks and bonds change prices in the security markets1loading and discharging costs are usually included in the freight 0procurement of cargo is handled through brokers who represent the shipowners 1

557 Which of below can NOT be considered delivery terms belonging to Group "C" of INCOTERMS 2000CFR 0CAF 1CIP 0CPD 1

558 Which of below can NOT be considered delivery terms belonging to Group "F" of INCOTERMS 2000FOB 0FIO 1FAS 0FAC 1

559 Which of below clauses you would expect to see both in sale contract and in a voyage charter-party?loading and discharging clauses 1commencement of laytime clauses 1payment of freight clauses 0

106

general average clauses 0

560 Which of below remarks should be used in a bill of lading contain if cargo has been shipped on deck?shipped on deck at shippers' risks 1carriers' right to load cargo on deck 0carried on deck without liability to carrier for loss or damage, howsoever caused 1cargo can be loaded on deck at shippers' risk 0

561 Which of below standard form of bills of lading are usually used in multimodal transportation?"CONLINEBILL" 1any bill of lading 0COMBIDOC 1CONGENBILL 0

562 Which of the below abbreviations are used when loading costs are covered by one party and discharging costs by the other?FIO 0FILO 1 "free in liner out"LINNER TERMS 0LIFO 1

563 Which of the below abbreviations refer to splitting of loading and discharging expenses in a voyage charter agreement?FOB 0FIOS 1 Free in and out stowedLILO 1 Liner in, liner outFLT 1 FULL LINER TERMS

564 Which of the below are standard time charter forms?Baltime 1NYPE 1Coaltime 0Linertime 1

565 Which of the below can be considered advantages of arbitration over litigation for the disputing parties?expert knowledge of arbitrators 1lower costs 1more publicity 0faster settlement 1

566 Which of the below can be considered carriers' responsabilities before and at the beginning of the voyage according to Hague Rules?to exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthy 1

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to make the ship seaworthy and prepare her for the voyage 0to exercise due diligence to properly man, equip and supply the ship 1to select with great care the crew, equipments and all suplies for the voyage 0

567 Which of the below can be considered common law obligations of all sea carriers?to provide a vessel which is seaworthy for the purpose of the contract (when the contract is made)1the carriers vessel must not deviate from the contract route or the usual route unjustifiably 1to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy before the commencement of the voyage0to ensure that the vessel will be ready to load the cargo and proceed on the voyage with reasonable despatch 1

568 Which of the below can be considered examples of unseaworthiness?inadequate bunkers 1incompetent or insufficient crew 1accidents after commencement of the voyage 0failure to hold necessary class documents 1

569 Which of the below can be considered forms of calculating the freightfreight ad valorem 1freight per weight 1freight per distance 0lumpsum freight 1

570 Which of the below can be considered forms of calculating the freight ?freight per weight 1freight per measurement 1lumpsum freight 1freight per time 0

571 Which of the below can be considered forms of setting the freight?per cargo weight 1per number of days 0according to Word Scale 1per deadweight all told 0

572 Which of the below can be considered functions of a bill of lading?receipt for the goods, issued by the carrier; 1evidence of the terms and conditions of contract of carriage; 1duplicate of the true contract of carriage 0document of title for the goods, proving the ownership 1

573 Which of the below charterers obligations can be considered implied in any contract of carriage?

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to nominate loading and discharging ports in their geographic order 1to load only cargoes that are suitable for the vessel employed 0to present for signature bills of lading that are in accordance with charter-party terms 1to have the cargo ready for loading, before vessels arrival at loading port 0

574 Which of the below charter-parties are approved?accepted charter-parties 0adopted charter-parties 1recommended charter-parties 1agreed charter-parties 1

575 Which of the below clauses can be considered as implied in a contract of carriage of goods by sea?payment of freight clause 0seaworthiness clause 1deviation clause 1discharge port nomination clause 0

576 Which of the below clauses can transform a bill of lading for steel cargoes into a "foul bill of lading"10 bundles missing 1weight unknown 0cargo rust stained 1condition unknown 0

577 Which of the below clauses in respect of freight payment can be accepted in the charterparty?Freight payable within 3 banking days from signing/releasing bills of lading marked "freight payable as per charter party" 1Freight payable within 3 banking days from releasing bills of lading marked "freight prepaid" 0Freight payable within 3 banking days after true and right delivery of the cargo 0Freight payable before releasing bills of lading market "freight prepaid" 1

578 Which of the below clauses in respect of freight payment can be accepted in the charterparty?Freight payable within 3 banking days after true and right delivery of the cargo 0Freight payable within 3 banking days from releasing bills of lading marked "freight prepaid" 0Feight payable before breaking bulk 1Freight payable at destination 1

579 Which of the below delivery terms are used only in maritime transportation?CFR 1CPT 0FAS 1DDP 0

580 Which of the below delivery terms are used only in maritime transportation?FOB 1FCA 0

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DES 1DDU 0

581 Which of the below documents are used for drawing up bills of lading for bulk cargoes?tally reports 0draft survey reports 1Mate's receipts 1preloading survey reports 1

582 Which of the below exclussions from liability are allowed for a common law carrier, i.e. the common law exceptions?Act of God 1act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilor or other servant of the carrier 0Jettisson or other proper General Average sacrifice 1negligence of the consignor 1

583 Which of the below expressions are usually used into a bill of lading in respect of payment of freight?Freight prepaid 1Freight payable as per charterparty 1Freight pre payable 0Freight payable at destination 1

584 Which of the below expressions, related to freight payment, are acceptable in a bill of lading?Freight prepaid 1Freight payable as per Charterparty 1Freight collect 1Freight pre payable 0

585 Which of the below expressions, related to freight payment, are acceptable in a bill of lading?Freight paid 1Freight payable at destination 1Freight to be paid 0Freight payable after delivery 0

586 Which of the below factors can have an influence on the freight rate?Charterparty form 0Bill of Lading form 0Type of cargo 1Port expenses 1

587 Which of the below factors can influence the level of freight?Geographic area of operation 1Anticipated weather in the area of operation 1bunker price 1sudden change of weather during the voyage 0

588 Which of the below factors can influence the level of freight?

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Charterparty form 0Political situation in the area where port of loading and/or port of discharging are situated 1Change of political situation in the area where port of loading and/or port of discharging are situated after charter-party date 0inclusion of weekends and holidays in laytime 1

589 Which of the below factors have an impact on freight?distance between loading and discharging ports 1port expenses 1bunker price 1loading and discharging rates in a FIO fixture 0

590 Which of the below factors have an impact on freight level?sudden change of weather after charter-party date 1distance between ports 1bunker price 1change of bunker price during voyage 0

591 Which of the below obligations of the shipowners can be considered as implied in any contract of carriage governed by Hague Rules?to arrive at loading port before cancelling date 0to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy before and at the beginning of the voyage1to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy during the voyage 0to perform the voyage within a reasonable time 1

592 Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for demise chartering?Texacodemise 0Baltime 0Barecon 1Shelldemise 1

593 Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of coal cargoes?Coalvoy 0Medcon 1Medcoal 0Baltcon 1

594 Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of general cargoes?Baltimore Form C 0Gencon 1Synacomex 0Multiform 1

595 Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of grain ore cargoes?Austral 1

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Norgrain 1Synacomex 1Norvgrain 0

596 Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of iron ore cargoes?Australore 0C(ore) 7 1Nipponore 1Stemmor 1

597 Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of petroleum products?Bptankvoy 0Mobilvoy 1Intertankvoy 1Afratankvoy 0

598 Which of the below standard charter-parties forms are used for transportation of timber cargoes?Medwood 0Nanywood 0Blackseawood 1Nubaltwood 1

599 Which of the below statements are correct in respect of Bill's of lading function as a receipt for the goods loaded or received for shipment?Bill of lading is conclusive evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for shipment in the quantity and condition stated therein if the bill of lading is in the hands of the shippers 0Bill of lading is prima facie evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for shipment in the quantity and condition stated therein if the bill of lading is in the hands of the shippers 1Bill of lading is conclusive evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for shipment in the quantity and condition stated therein if the bill of lading is in the hands of a bone fide third party1Bill of lading is prima facie evidence that cargo has been shipped on board or received for shipment in the quantity and condition stated therein if the bill of lading is in the hands of a bona fide third party0

600 Which of the ship's expenses mentioned below are covered by the time charterer?P&I insurance premiums 0bunker expenses 1port expenses 1H&M insurance premiums 0

601 Abrevierea "1 GSPB AAAA" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire inseamna:Ca nava va opera intr-un singur port si o singura dana, portul si dana sa fie accesibile in momentul sosirii navei la operare 0Nava va opera intr-un port si dana sigura nedepasind pe durata stationarii pescajul maxim permis0

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Nava va opera fara costuri suplimentare intr-un port si o dana sigura, portul fiind tot timpul accesibil iar nava sa ramana in stare de plutire tot timpul 1

602 Acreditivul se defineste ca:

Forma a creditului documentar, prin care o banca comerciala, in baza unui contract incheiat cu clientul sau, I-si ia obligatia de a plati o suma de bani beneficiarului indicat, pana la termenul stabilit, in schimbul unor documente comerciale indicate in avizul de deschidere a acreditivului 1

Forma a incasoului documentar prin care clientul transmite bancii sale documente care atesta indeplinirea obligatiilor care I-au revenit in baza unui contract comercial, documente pentru care banca primitoare le remite spre incasare unor banci corespondente dupa ce aceasta solicita contravaloarea lor

0Forma de plata in comertul international utilizata de clientii unei banci pentru derularea unui contract international de vanzare 0

603 Atunci cind intr-un contract de navlosire se inscrie cuvintul “about” cu privire la viteza navei:viteza medie a navei pe durata voiajului trebuie sa fie egala cu viteza inscrisa in contract 0viteza medie a navei pe durata voiajului poate sa fie mai redusa cu 0,5 Noduri decit viteza inscrisa in contract 1viteza medie a navei poate fi mai mare sau mai mica decit cea inscrisa in contract cu pana la 1 Nod0viteza navei trebuie nu fie nici un moment mai redusa decit viteza inscrisa in contract 0

604 Bunurile fungibile sunt acele bunuri care:Au unele calitati intrinseci care nu le permit inlocuirea unora cu altele 0Se pot schimba unele cu altele raportul de echivalenta stabilindu-se prin cantarire, numarare, masurare1Au valoarea stabilita la bursa de valori sau pe alte piete de valori mobiliare legal recunoscute 0

605 Cand decade carausul din dreptul la limitarea raspunderii conform regulilor de la Hamburg :Cand pierderea, avarierea sau intarzierea livrarii a rezultat dintr-o actiune de omisiune comisa cu intentie; 1Cand pierderea, avarierea sau interzierea in livrare a rezultat din culpa comandantului; 0Cand pierderea, avarierea sau intarzierea in livrare a rezultat din forta majora ; 0

606 Cand este indreptatit armatorul sa retraga o nava din "BARE BOAT"?Cand disponent owner-ul are intarzieri repetate in plata chiriei 0Cand nu a fost platita chiria la termenii prevazuti in contract si la notificarile armatorului in legatura cu acest fapt navlositorul a continuat sa nu-si onoreze principala obligatie 1Cand comandantul navei nu este multumit de prestatia disponent owner-ului si face cunoscut acest lucru armatorului 0

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607 Cand este preferata modalitatea de plata prin credit documentar fata de incaso documentar?Platile efectuate prin credit documentar sunt mai accesibile participantilor la contractul de vanzare internationala 0Creditul documentar prin acreditiv este in avantajul vanzatorului 0Creditul documentar fata de incaso-ul documentar nu are nevoie de garantii de depozitare pana la efectuarea platilor fapt ce genereaza riscuri in plus 1

608 Cand o nava este in "time charter" si navlositorul este nemultumit de prestatia comandantului poate sa:Schimbe imediat comandantul 0Sa informeze armatorul care prompt va investiga cele reclamate si in caz ca le gaseste intemeiate va proceda in consecinta 1Sa adopte masuri administrative impotriva comandantului si apoi sa-l informeze pe armator despre acest lucru 0

609 Cand se admit "scrisori de garantie" in legatura cu cantitatea si/sau starea si conditia aparenta a marfurilor incarcate?Nu se admit astfel de scrisori. O astfel de fapta constituie o frauda maritima 1Cand continutul unei astfel de scrisori a fost garantat de catre o banca reputabila 0Cand se primeste ordin scris din partea navlositorilor 0

610 Cand se aplica Regulile York-Anvers?Se vor aplica obligatoriu tuturor conosamentelor indiferent daca au sau nu inclusa o clauza in acest sens

0Se vor aplica numai daca partile au prevazut expres acest lucru in contractul de navlosire sau in conosament 1

Se vor aplica numai la cererea uneia dintre partile implicate in avaria comuna 0

611 Cand se considera o nava sosita?Momentul cand o nava se considera sosita intr-un port trebuie explicit si fara posibilitati de interpretare (inserat in contract) 1Cand o nava a sosit in port, a acostat si ia fost acceptat notice-ul 0Cand o nava a ancorat in rada unui port 0

612 Cand se poate exercita de catre armator "dreptul de retentie" pe marfa pentru neplata chiriei pentru o nava in "time-charter"?Pentru neplata chiriei armatorul nu are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor, el fiind un tert in contractul de navlosire 1Dreptul de retentie se poate exercita dupa ce armatorul a trimis navlositorului preavizarile necesare0

114

Dreptul de retentie al armatorului pentru neplata chiriei se poate exercita in primul port de operare fara precizari prealabile 0

613 Cand sunt necesare operatiuni de amarare, asigurare, fardare, cine suporta costul lor in transportul de linie?Costul unor astfel de operatiuni este suportat de navlositor 0Amararea, asigurarea si /sau fardarea este ceruta de armator, costul fiind suportat tot de el 1Costul este suportat atat de armator cat si de navlositor in proportii egale 0

614 Cand trebuie sa se semneze la nava ordinul de incarcare?Poate sosi oricand dar nu dupa terminarea incarcarii 0Inainte de inceperea incarcarii 1Nu are importanta momentul cu conditia ca marfurile sa fie in buna stare 0

615 Caracterul de extraneitate al unui contract de vanzare internationala este dat de:Desfasurarea contractului intre parteneri din tari diferite marfa urmand a trece una sau mai multe frontiere, iese de sub incidenta unui sistem de drept national 1Inserare in contract a unor clauze standard care se utilizeaza in contracte indiferent de tara unde se desfasoara contractul 0Trecerea marfi peste granita mai multor tari si supunerea contractului dispozitiilor Camerei de Comert International de la Paris 0

616 Care a fost solutia adoptata pentru a depasi o parte din problemele ce pot aparea din amendarea clauzelor standard:Au fost interzise amendamentele 0Amendamentele se fac doar de catre specialisti 0Unele clauze sunt prezentate in mai multe variante standard 1

617 Care a fost una din cele doua revolutii tehnice din transportul maritim in ultima jumatate a secolului XX?Inlocuirea motoarelor cu abur cu motoare diesel? 0Introducerea paletizarii si containerizarii? 1Cresterea capacitatii de transport a navelor? 0

618 Care a fost una din cele doua revolutii tehnice din transportul maritim in ultima jumatate a secolului XX?Cresterea numarului de nave pe plan mondial? 0Dezvoltarea infrastructurilor portuare? 0Dezvoltarea transportului de marfuri in vrac? 1

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619 Care din urmatoarele afirmatii sunt corecte?Transportul maritim costier se afla in competitie cu transportul feroviar si transportul rutier 1Transportul maritim costier nu se afla in competitie cu transportul feroviar si transportul rutier 0Transportul maritim costier este parte integranta a sistemului de transport feroviar 0

620 Care din urmatoarele aspecte trebuie sa faca parte din clauza de determinare a cantitatii de marfa intr-un contract de vanzare cumparare internationala?Locul si momentul determinarii cantitatii de marfa 1Modul de transport al marfii 0Persoana care va stabili cantitatea de marfa 0

621 Care din urmatoarele cheltuieli sunt suportate de armator in cazul contractului de navlosire pe timp?Cheltuieli de asigurare H&M+P&I 1Cheltuieli cu combustibilul 0Cheltuieli portuare 0

622 Care din urmatoarele cheltuieli sunt suportate de navlositor in cazul contractului de navlosire pe timp?Cheltuieli de asigurare H&M si P&I 0Cheltuieli cu combustibilul 1Cheltuieli cu echipajul 0

623 Care din urmatoarele conditii de livrare se folosesc foarte des in transportul maritim?CPT; DEQ 0FOB; CIF 1DDP; DDU 0

624 Care din urmatoarele grupe de nave poate fi considerata ca fiind Panamax?35-75,000 twd 045.000-90.000 twd 050-80,000twd 1

625 Care din urmatoarele modalitati de stabilire a staliilor se incadreaza in categoria staliilor fixe?5 total weather working day 1400 metric tons per working hatch per weather working day 0

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Customary despach 0

626 Care din urmatoarele modalitati de stabilire a staliilor se incadreaza in stalii nedefinite?500 metric tons per hatch per day 0laydays as per custom of port 110 clear days 0

627 Care dintre urmatoarele afirmatii este in discordanta cu prevederile Institute Waranties Limits?in unele zone ale globului navigatia este permisa tot timpul anului 0in unele zone ale globului navigatia este interzisa tot timpul anului 0In unele zone ale globului navigatia este permisa o parte din an si este interzisa in restul anului 0in orice zona a globului navigatia este permisa cel putin o parte dintr-un an 1

628 Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului?Pe unitatea de greutate (navlul pe tona) 1Navlul calculat in functie de durata voiajului 0Navlul se poate calcula functie de tipul de contract de navlosire utilizat 0

629 Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului?Functie de modalitatea de angajare 0Navlul calculat pe unitatea de volum 1Functie de dorintele armatorului 0

630 Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului?Navlul se poate calcula conform dorintelor navlositorului 0Navlul se stabileste conform pietei de valori mobiliare 0Navlul se poate calcula pe colet 1

631 Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului?Navlul se poate calcula global pe intreaga nava (LUMPSUM) 1Navlul conform ratei indicate de BIMCO 0Navlul se poate calcula conform intelegerilor internationale 0

632 Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului?Prin referinta la Word Scale 1

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Prin referinta Word Bulk Scale 0Prin referinta la Baltic Freight Future Exchange 0

633 Care este al cincilea caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga :Nu se aplica "transporturilor terestre"; 1Nu se aplica transporturilor combinate; 0Nu se aplica transporturilor pe apa; 0

634 Care este al doilea caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga :Transporturilor cu caracter obisnuit 0Transporturilor de marfuri periculoase; 0Transporturilor cu caracter exceptional; 1

635 Care este al treilea caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga :Regulile nu se aplica "cabotajului national"; 1Regulile nu se aplica "cabotajului international"; 0Regulile nu se aplica unui transport dintr-un port apartinand unei tari care a aderat la regulile de la Haga intr-un port apartinand unei tari care nu a aderat la aceste reguli; 0

636 Care este continutul dosarului de avarie comuna ?Protestul de mare, lista avariilor, raportul de constatare a bunei stari de navigabilitate a navei 0Documente pentru determinarea cauzelor avariei, pentru determinarea avariilor, pentru determinarea cheltuielilor, pentru determinarea contributiei 1Fotografii ale navei inainte si dupa incident, marturii ale mebrilor echipajului, documente contestatoare eliberate de autoritatile portuare vizitate de nava dupa avarie 0

637 Care este diferenta dintre conditiile de livrare FOB si CIF din punct de vedere al momentului in care riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator?

in conditia de livrare FOB riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile trec peste copastia navei in portul de incarcare pe cand in cazul conditiei CIF riscurile trec la momentul in care nava a ajuns in portul de descarcare 0

in conditia de livrare FOB riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile strec peste copastia navei in portul de incarcare pe cand in cazul conditiei CIF riscurile trec la momentul in care marfa trece peste copastia navei in portul de descarcare 0

in conditia de livrare FOB riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile trec peste copastia navei in portul de incarcare pe cand in cazul conditiei CIF riscurile trec in momentul in care marfa a fost preluata de primitor 0

nu exista nici un fel de diferenta 1

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638 Care este diferenta intre un conosament si un "MULTIDOC"?MULTIDOC-ul nu are functia de titlu de credit reprezentativ 0Conosamentul insoteste marfurile numai in transportul pe mare pe cand "MULTIDOC-ul" insoteste marfa si pe transportul rutier si/sau feroviar 1Nu exista diferente intre aceste doua documente 0

639 Care este documentul utilizat in contractul multimodal care indeplineste functiile conosamentului"MULTIDOC" 1SEA-WAYBILL 0GEN-NAYBILL 0

640 Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzual in contractele de navlosire "SHEX"?In stalii se include toate zilele lucrate din saptamana 0In stalii nu se include zilele de duminica si zilele de sarbatori legale 1In stalii se include zilele de duminica si sarbatori legale 0

641 Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzuala in contractele de navlosire "EIU"?Timpul exceptat folosit va fi contat la jumatate din timpul folosit 0Daca operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare se desfasoara in perioadele excluse de timp acestea nu se vor conta ca stalii 1Daca operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare se desfasoara in perioadele excluse de timp acestea vor conta ca stalii 0

642 Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzuala in contractele de navlosire "SHINC"?In stalii se includ toate zilele lucrate din saptamana 0In stalii se includ zilele de duminica si sarbatori legale 1In stalii nu se includ zilele de duminica si sarbatori legale 0

643 Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzuala in contractele de navlosire "UU"?Timpul efectiv lucrat, dupa inceperea staliilor, in perioade exceptate se va conta ca timp de stalii 1Timpul efectiv lucrat, dupa inceperea staliilor, in perioade exceptate nu va conta ca timp de stalii0Timpul efectiv lucrat dupa inceperea staliilor va fi contat ca stalii numai daca prevede uzul portului0

644 Care este intelesul clauzei "rye terms" cu privire la calitatea marfii?Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul poate pretinde vanzatorului o bonificatie, daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contract 1Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul poate refuza marfa daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contract 0

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Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul accepta marfa asa cum este 0

645 Care este intelesul clauzei "sound delivered" cu privire la calitatea marfii?Conform aceste clauze cumparatorul poate pretinde vanzatorului o bonificatie, daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contract 0Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul poate refuza marfa daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contract 1Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul accepta marfa asa cum este 0

646 Care este intelesul clauzei "tel quel" cu privire la calitatea marfii?Conform aceste clauze cumparatorul poate pretinde vanzatorului o bonificatie, daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contract 0Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul poate refuza marfa daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contract 0Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul accepta marfa asa cum este 1

647 Care este intelesul cuvantului ”about” in cazul in care se foloseste la inscrierea in contract a capacitatii de incarcare a navei sau a capacitatii volumetrice:in orice imprejurare inseamna ca se se considera acceptabila o toleranta pozitiva sau negativa de 5%0in orice imprejurare inseamna ca se se considera acceptabila o toleranta pozitiva sau negativa de 10%0intelesul acestui cuvant depinde de marimea navei, insa in general se considera acceptabila o toleranta pozitiva sau negativa de 5 % 1doar pentru navele mici, inseamna ca se considera acceptabila o oarecare toleranta pozitiva sau negativa 0

648 Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "Wibon"?Conform acestei expresii timpul de stalii va conta numai din momentul in care nava se afla in dana acceptata de incarcatori la operare 0conform acestei expresii timpul de stalii va incepe sa curga numai dupa o inspectie a navlositorului care va declara nava apta chiar daca nava se afla la dana sau nu 0Conform acestei expresii timpul de stalii va incepe a se conta chiar daca dana de incarcare/descarcare mentionata in contract nu este disponibila. 1

649 Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "wiccon"?Conform acestei expresii nava este considerata apta de incarcare/descarcare numai daca formalitatile vamale au fost efectuate 0Conform acestei expresii nava poate inainta NOR indiferent daca a obtinut sau nu libera practica 0Conform acestei expresii nava poate inainta NOR indiferent de faptul ca s-au incheiat sau nu formalitatile vamale 1

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650 Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "Wifpon"?Conform acestei expresii nava este considerata sosita si poate transmite NOR numai daca a obtinut libera practica 0Conform acestei expresii nava este considerata apta pentru incarcare numai dupa ce a obtinut libera practica 0Conform acestei expresii nava poate inainta NOR indiferent daca a obtinut sau nu libera practica 1

651 Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "Wipon"?Conform acestei expresii nava va fi considerata sosita si timpul de stalii poate incepe sa curga doar daca nava este in port 0Conform acestei expresii nava poate transmite NOR imediat dupa sosire la orice loc uzual de asteptare din port sau din afara portului 1Conform acestei expresii nava poate transmite NOR numai daca este in limitele legale, administrative si fiscale ale portului 0

652 Care este modalitatea de angajare a navei cand costul operatiunilor de incarcare si descarcare sunt in contul navlositorului?Angajarea LINNER TERMS 0Angajarea FI/LO 0Angajarea FIO 1

653 Care este modalitatea de angajare a navei in care costul operatiunilor de incarcare si descarcare este in contul armatorului?LINNER TERMS 1FIOST 0FIOS (LASHING, SECURING, DUNNAGED 0

654 Care este modalitatea de plata a chiriei pentru o nava in time/charter?Chiria se plateste anticipat la fiecare 15 sau 30 zile conform prevederilor contractuale 1Chiria se plateste la fiecare sfarsit de luna pentru luna in curs 0Chiria se plateste de catre navlositor ori de cate ori solicita armatorul 0

655 Care este momentul inceperii staliilor potrivit clauzei "Timpul de stalii" din contractul GENCON 1994 ?Staliile pentru incarcare si descarcare vor incepe la orele 12.00 daca NOR este dat pina la orele 08.00 in urmatoarea zi lucratoare daca NOR este dat dupa orele 18.00. 0Staliile pentru incarcare si descarcare vor incepe la ora 14.00 daca NOR este dat inainte de prinz si la ora 08.00 in urmatoarea zi lucratoare daca NOR este dat in timpul orelor de birou de dupa amiaza. 0Staliile pentru incarcare si descarcare vor incepe la ora 13.00 daca NOR este dat inainte de prinz si la ora 06.00 in urmatoarea zi lucratoare daca NOR este dat in timpul orelor de birou de dupa amiaza. 1

656 Care este norma de incarcare in transportul cu navele de linie?In conditiile de linie navele opereaza "atat de repede cat nava poate incarca/descarca" 1

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Navele opereaza conform capacitatii de operare a portului unde incarca sau descarca 0Nava va opera conform normei de incarcare, descarcare inscrisa in contract 0

657 Care este numele de cod pentru contractele de inchiriere a navei nude?WELCON 0MERSEYCON 0BARECON 1

658 Care este particularitatea conosamentului "CONLINEBILL 2000"?Este un conosament care se foloseste numai in transportul multimodal 0Acest tip de conosament nu se mai foloseste fiind retras din "FORMS OF APPROVED DOCUMENTS"0Contine trei rubrici (cu 2 asterix-uri) care odata completate transforma acest conosament in THROUGH BILL OF LADING 1

659 Care este primul caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga :Regulile de la Haga nu se aplica contractelor pe baza de conosamente; 0Regulile de la Haga nu se aplica contractelor pe baza de Charter Party; 1Regulile nu se aplica contractelor pe baza de Charter Party cand se emit comasamente 0

660 Care este principala caracteristica a unui TIME/CHARTER?Nava ramane tot timpul si din toate punctele de vedere in subordinea navlositorului 0Nava este subordonata navlositorului numai in ceea ce priveste asigurarea unei bune stari de navigabilitate pe toata perioada de inchiriere 0Gestionarea comerciala a navei este in sarcina navlositorului in limitele prevederilor contractuale1

661 Care este procedura de indeplinit la neplata chiriei?Daca navlositorul nu s-a achitat la termenul prevazut prin contract de principala obligatie de a plati chiria armatorul este dator sa-l instiinteze despre acest lucru si sa astepte pina la expirarea perioadei de gratie, iar daca navlositorul nu plateste sa rezilieze contractul 1

Armatorul are dreptul sa astepte 10 zile consecutiv fata de termenii prevazuti in contract dupa care se aplica procedura legala de reziliere a contractului 0

Daca navlositorul nu plateste chiria in avans la termeni prevazuti in contract, armatorul va notifica de cel putin 3 ori navlositorul si daca acesta nu a platit dupa aceste notificari poate sa rezilieze contractul0

662 Care este procedura pe care o indeplineste armatorul unei nave in "time-charter" cand navlositorul nu plateste chiria stabilita prin contract.Armatorul va rezilia imediat fara proceduri prealabile contractul si va retrage nava din "time-charter"0

Dupa preavizarile necesare, armatorul va duce pe cheltuiala lui marfa la destinatie, va intocmi un "statement" cu documente justificative pentru toate cheltuielile facute in locul navlositorului si va recurge la arbitraj 1

Armatorul va tine raspunzator navlositorul si va duce marfurile la destinatie pe cheltuiala lui 0

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663 Care este regimul juridic al cuvintelor radiate ale unui contract de navlosire?Ele se iau in considerare atunci cand una dintre parti poate dovedi ca s-au radit din greseala 0Ele se considera ca si cand nu ar fi existat si nu se iau in considerare in nici o imprejurare 0Ele se considera ca si cand nu ar fi existat si se iau in considerare doar in situatia in care fara ele una sau mai multe clauze nu ar avea sens 1

664 Care este relatia intre continutul conosamentului si prevederile acreditivului?Intre elementele cuprinse in conosament si prevederile acreditivului trebuie sa fie o perfecta concordanta, orice nepotrivire putand da nastere la amanarea sau chiar la refuzul platii de catre banca1

Intre elementele cuprinse in conosament si prevederile acreditivului nu trebuie sa fie nici o legatura, cel din urma reflectand modalitati de plata ale contractului de vanzare internationala 0

Intre elementele cuprinse in conosament si prevederile acreditivului trebuie sa fie o oarecare concordanta, dar se permit si variatii ale conosamentului de la continutul acreditivului daca acestea sunt in favoarea vinzatorului 0

665 Care este semnificatia angajarii BSS 0/0D/A-ul in portul/porturile de incarcare si descarcare este suportat de navlositor 1D/A-ul in porturile de incarcare sau descarcare este suportat de navlositor 0D/A-ul in porturile de incarcare/descarcare este suportat in proportii egale de armator/navlositor0

666 Care este semnificatia angajarii BSS 1/1?Un port de incarcare, unul de descarcare D/A-ul va fi suportat de navlositor 0Un port de incarcare un port de descarcare D/A-ul va fi suportat de armator 1La incarcare D/A-ul va fi suportat de armator iar la descarcare de navlositor 0

667 Care este semnificatia clauzei CIF?Obliga pe armatorul navei pe care se incarca marfurile sa suporte cheltuielile de incarcare, descarcare si asigurare a marfii. 0Clauza se regaseste in contractele comerciale de vinzare internationala, stabilind ca in pretul marfii se include navlul si asigurarea. 1Obliga pe vinzator sa suporte toate cheltuielile legate de livrarea marfurilor pina in portul de descarcare.

0

668 Care este semnificatia clauzei LINNER TERMS intalnita in contractele de navlosire?Toate cheltuielile de incarcare, descarcare, stivuire si amarare a marfurilor cad in sarcina armatorului.1Cheltuielile legate de incarcarea si descarcarea marfurilor sint in sarcina navlositorului. 0"Vinzatorul marfurilor va suporta toate cheltuielile legate de incarcarea si descarcarea lor." 0

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669 Care este semnificatia clauzelor FIO, FIOS, FIOT dintr-un Ch/P?Prezenta acestor clauze intr-un contract de navlosire obliga pe navlositor sa suporte cheltuielile de incarcare stivuire si rujare a marfurilor, iar pe armator sa suporte cheltuielile de descarcare. 0Inserarea acestor clauze pune in sarcina armatorului toate cheltuielile de incarcare, stivuire si amarare a marfurilor. 0Toate cheltuielile de incarcare, descarcare stivuire si/sau rujare a marfurilor vor fi in contul navlositorului. 1

670 Care este semnificatia expresiei "indiferent daca este in dana sau nu" (WHETHER IN BERTH OR NOT)?Inseamna ca daca dana de incarcare sau descarcare nu este disponibila la sosirea navei, nava poate transmite NOR in momentul in care ajunge in orice loc uzual de asteptare si timpul de stalii va incepe sa curga in conformitate cu prevederile contractului de navlosire. Timpul de stalii sau contrastalii se va intrerupe in momentul in care dana devine disponibila si va reincepe atunci cind nava este gata de incarcare sau descarcare in dana. 1

Staliile vor incepe sa curga indiferent daca nava este in dana sau nu. 0

Inseamna ca daca dana de incarcare sau descarcare nu este disponibila la sosirea navei, nava poate transmite NOR in momentul in care ajunge in orice loc uzual de asteptare si timpul de stalii va incepe sa curga in conformitate cu prevederile contractului de navlosire. Timpul de stalii sau contrastalii nu se va intrerupe in momentul in care dana devine disponibila ci se va conta pina la finaliyarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare. 0

671 Care este semnificatia expresiei "stalii reversibile"?Navlositorul are optiunea de a aduna timpul de stalii alocat pentru incarcare cu cel alocat pentru descarcare si apoi poate efectua calculele 1

Se vor face calcule separate pentru incarcare si descarcare si perioada de timp folosita peste timpul alocat in cazul uneia dintre operatiuni poate fi compensata cu orice perioada de timp salvata in cazul celeilalte operatiuni 0

Se vor face calcule separate pentru timpul alocat incarcarii si descarcarii 0

672 Care este semnificatia expresiei "to average laytime"?Navlositorul are optiunea de a aduna timpul de stalii alocat pentru incarcare cu cel alocat pentru descarcare si apoi poate efectua calculele 0

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Se vor face calcule separate pentru timpul alocat incarcarii si descarcarii 0

Se vor face calcule separate pentru incarcare si descarcare si perioada de timp folosita peste timpul alocat in cazul uneia dintre operatiuni poate fi compensata cu orice perioada de timp salvata in cazul celeilalte operatiuni 1

673 Care este socotita "regula de aur" a comertului international pe mare?Export CIF, import CIF 0Import FOB, export CIF 1Import CFR, export FOB 0

674 Care reguli reglementeaza avaria comuna?Regulile de la Hamburg 0Regulile de la Haga si Haga-Visby 0Regulile York-Anvers 1

675 Care sint expresiile referitoare la costul operatiunilor de incarcare, descarcare si stivuire care se regasesc intr-un contract de navlosire?FOB, CIF, FIOS si LINNER TERMS. 0FIO, FIOS, FIOT, FILO, LIFO, LILO 1C AND F, FOB, FIOS, FIOL. 0

676 Care sint obiectivele asigurarii P & I ?Asigurarea marfurilor transportate, corpului navei si a anumitor responsbilitati ale armatorilor atunci cind acestia sunt considerati vinovati pentru pierderi si avarii 0

asigurarea raspunderilor armatorului cu privire la corpul navei si la marfurile transportate. 0

asigurarea armatorilor impotriva responsabilitatilor legale, contractuale, extracontractuale si a altor responsabilitati ale armatorilor. 1

677 Care sint obligatiile carausului inainte de inceperea calatoriei conform regulilor de la Haga ?Punerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate : armarea, echiparea si aprovizionarea in mod corespunzator a navei si curatarea hambarelor si/sau a altor spatii ale navei unde urmeaza sa se incarce marfuri pentru transport. 1Punerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate legala si contractuala. 0Amararea, echiparea si aprovizionarea corespunzatoare a navei : curatarea hambarelor si/sau a puntilor navei. 0

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678 Care sint obligatiile carausului inainte si la inceperea calatoriei conform regulilor de la Haga ?Carausul va depune toate diligentele rezonabile pentru angajare si incarcare unor marfuri corespunzatoare din toate punctele de vedere. 0Carausul va depune toate diligentele rezonabile pentru punerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate si armarea, echiparea si aprovizionarea navei in mod convenabil. 1Carausul va insarcina pe navlositori cu pregatirea navei pentru calatorie cu tot ce este necesar conform conventiilor internationale in vigoare. 0

679 Care sint uzantele uniforme internationale referitoare la conditiile de livrare a marfurilor in contractul comercial de vinzare internationala?Regulile de la Haga. 0INCOTERMS, RAFTD si Regulile de la Hamburg. 0INCOTERMS si RAFTD 1

680 Care sunt caracteristicile avariei particulare?Sa egalizeze pierderile provocate cu intentia de a le face rezonabile fata de toate partile interesate, sa-i dea Comandantului libertatea de actiune in incercarea de a salva nava sau marfurile aflate in pericol0

Accidentul este consecinta unui pericol maritim, a fortei majore sau a viciului propriu al navei, vicii ale incarcaturii, daunele si cheltuielile se refera numai la nava sau numai la incarcatura 1

Daunele si cheltuielile se refera numai la nava sau numai la incarcatura, clauza "New Jason" face ca o avarie particulara produsa din neglijenta Comandantului sa devina avarie comuna 0

681 Care sunt cele mai uzuale clauze inserate in conosament cu privire la plata navlului?In conosament nu se inscriu clauze cu privire la plata navlului 0Cele mai uzuale clauze cu privire la plata navlului inserate in conosament sunt: "FREIGHT PREPAID", "FREIGHT PAYABLE AS PER CH/P" 1Cele mai uzuale clauze cu privire la plata navlului inserate in conosament sunt: "FREIGHT PREPAYABLE", "FREIGHT PAYABLE AS PER AGREEMENT" 0

682 Care sunt cerintele pe care trebuie sa le indeplineasca ambalajul marfii?Sa fie usor, rezistent, estetic 1Sa fie originar, vizibil 0Sa fie usor, estetic, originar 0

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683 Care sunt clauzele inscrise in conosament care limiteaza raspunderea armatorului fara a transforma conosamentul in "FOUL"?Clauzele referitoare la descrierea marfii 0Clauza "se spune de catre incarcator ca ar contine…" 1Clauze referitoare la modalitatea de plata a navlului 0

684 Care sunt clauzele inscrise in conosament care limiteaza responsabilitatile armatorului fara a transforma conosamentul in "FOUL"?Clauzele referitoare la costul operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare 0Clauzele referitoare la responsabilitatile armatorului 0Clauzele "incarcat in stare si conditie aparent buna" 1

685 Care sunt clauzele inscrise in conosament, care limiteaza responsabilitatea armatorului fara a transforma conosamentul in "FOUL"?Clauza"greutatea, masura, marcajul, numarul, calitatea, continutul si valoarea necunoscuta" 1Clauza referitoare la modalitatea de semnare a conosamentului 0Clauzele referitoare la porturile de incarcare/descarcare 0

686 Care sunt clauzele referitoare la "DESPATCH"care pot fi inserate intr-un contract de navlosireDESTACH-ul se va calcula conform normelor portuare 0Clauzele: DHDATSBE si DHDWTSBE 0DHDATSBE, DHDWTSBE, FDBE 1

687 Care sunt conditiile ce trebuie indeplinite pentru ca staliile sa conteze?Nava sa fie sosita, nava sa fie gata de operare inainte de inaintarea NOR, notice of readiness sa fie inaintat 1Nava sa fie in dana, NOR inaintat, nava in libera practica 0Nava sa fie in port sau dana, NOR inaintat, libera practica obtinuta 0

688 Care sunt conditiile de livrare conform INCOTERMS 2000 incluse in grupa "F"?FOB,FAS,FIOS,FCR 0FIOT, FOT, FAS 0FOB, FAS, FCA 1

689 Care sunt conditiile de livrare, conform INCOTERMS 2000, incluse in grupa "C"?CFR,CIF,CIP,CPT 1

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C&F, CIF, CPT 0CIF, CFO, CAF 0

690 Care sunt conditiile de livrare, conform INCOTERMS 2000, incluse in grupa "D"?DEQ, DEP, DDU, DDP 0DES, DDU,DAF, DNP 0DAF, DDU, DDP, DES, DEQ (Delivered at Frontier),(Delivered Duty (Un)Paid), (Delivered Ex Ship), (Delivered Ex Quay) 1

691 Care sunt conditiile pe care o nava trebuie sa le indeplineasca pentru ca staliile sa inceapa sa curga?Nava sa fie sosita si gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru operatiuni 0Nava sa fie acostata si NOR-ul acceptat 0Nava sa fie sosita si sa fie gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru operatiuni si sa existe o notificare scrisa ca cele doua conditii au fost indeplinite 1

692 Care sunt conventiile internationale ale caror cerinte trebuie satisfacute de o nava pentru a fi in "buna stare de navigabilitate"?BIMCO si IMO 0BIMCO, IMO si SOLAS 0SOLAS, LOAD LINE, ILO si MARPOL 1

693 Care sunt factorii care pot influenta valoarea navlului?Tipul de contract de navlosire utilizat 0Tipul de conosament utilizat 0Natura marfurilor 1

694 Care sunt functiile conosamentului?dovada a preluarii marfurilor spre transport, dovada a existentei contractului de transport si titlu de valoare reprezentativ al marfii 1Functie paralela cu contractul de transport, poate fi utilizat ca singur document de transport, titlu probatoriu, titlu de credit reprezentativ 0Atesta existenta contractului de transport, mijloc de transfer al dreptului de proprietate asupra marfii0

695 Care sunt modalitatile de angajare a navei cand costul operatiunilor de incarcare si descarcare sunt impartite intre parteneri:FIOST 0FI/LO si LO/FI 1LINNER TERMS 0

696 Care sunt modalitatile de plata a navlului?Freight prepaid, freight payable at destination, freight as per ch/p 1Freight payable after signing B/L, freight payable after releasing B/L 0Freight payable at destination, freight as per ch/p, freight prepayable 0

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697 Care sunt obiectivele unei inspectii "on hire"?Stabilirea conditiilor fizice si tehnice ale navei, determinarea cantitatilor de combustibil existente la bordul navei si determinarea capacitatii navei de a incepe incarcarea imediat dupa livrare 1Stabilirea calificarii si competentei echipajului, determinarea starii tehnice a navei deoarece nava va trebui relivrata in aceeasi stare in care a fost livrata 0Inspectia va stabili starea financiara a navei si daca nava are de primit contrastalii de la navlositorii precedenti 0

698 Care sunt prevederile ale CONVENTIEI KYOTO/SEPT-1974 referitoare la transportul marfurilor sub sigiliul naval:

Ca orice container poate circula pe mare numai daca sigiliul naval este sub controlul Comandantului0

Containerele vor purta o placuta care sa ateste ca sigiliile sunt in concordanta cu prevederile CONVENTIEI

1Sigiliul naval se putea rupe oricand pe durata transportului daca Comandantul banuieste ca in container sunt marfuri de contrabanda 0

699 Care sunt principalele caracteristici ale unui contract "BARECON"?Armatorul preda navlositorului gestiunea nautica si comerciala a navei transformandu-l in ceeace se numeste "disponent owner" 1Armatorul preda navlositorului in intregime gestiunea economica a navei 0Armatorul transfera navlositorului dreptul de proprietate asupra navei cu toate prerogativele ce decurg din acest drept 0

700 Care sunt principalele categorii de raspunderi ale armatorului asigurate de Cluburile P&I?Raspunderi privind neglijenta comerciala a Comandantului sau prepusilor sai 0Raspunderi izvorate din incalcarea cu sau fara buna stiinta a unor clauze contractuale a ofiterilor navei sau a Comandantului 0Raspunderi cu privire la peroanele aflate la bord, raspunderi cu privire la marfa, raspunderi cu privire la alte nave si instalatii portuare, raspunderi cu privire la poluare 1

701 Care sunt principiile asigurarii maritime?Interesul asigurabil, maxima buna credinta, despagubirea 0Interesul asigurabil, maxima buna credinta, despagubirea, subrogarea, prudenta neasiguratului 1Interesul asigurabil, maxima buna credinta, despagubirea, subrogarea 0

702 Care sunt recomandarile BIMCO in legatura cu activitatea comandantului cand nava este in "time charter"?Nu sunt recomandari speciale 0

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Comandantul va satisface cu intreaga lui competenta ordinele armatorului si navlositorului 0Comandantul va actiona la bordul navei cu toata competenta si puterea fizica la fel cum ar actiona cand nava este exploatata de propriul armator 1

703 Care sunt reglementarile internationale referitoare la transportul de marfuri pe mare pe baza de conosamente?Regulile de la Haga, Haga - Visby si Hamburg 1Regulile stabilite de BIMCO 0Regulile YORK-ANVERS si regulile Haga Visby 0

704 Care sunt sursele de informatii pentru completarea conosamentului?Marcajul marfii, rapoartele zilnice ale stivatorilor, contractul de transport maritim, istoricul operatiunilor, lista de incarcare 0Informatiile furnizate de incarcator, raportul de inspectie a marfii, certificatul de origine/calitate, rapoartele de determinare a cantitatii de marfa, ordinul de embargo 1Contractul de navlosire, navlositorul, primitorul, inspectorul P&I 0

705 Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru inchirierea navei in Charter by Demise?Gencon 0Baltime 0Barecon 1

706 Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru inchirierea navei in time-charter?Intertankvoy-76, Interconsec-76, Intercoa-80, Medcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Baltcon, Polcoalvoy 0Baltime, Nype-93, Linertime, Gastime, Supplytime, Intertanktime, Coasthire 1Synacomex, Graintime, Baltimore, Nubalttime 0

707 Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul carbunelui?Medcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Baltcon, Polcoalvoy 1Gencon, Scancon, Britcon, Nuvoy 0Orevoy, Genorecon, Nipponore, Murmapatit 0

708 Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul cerealelor?Medcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Baltcon, Polcoalvoy 0Gencon, Scancon, Britcon, Nuvoy 0Synacomex, Grainvoy, Baltimore 1

709 Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul cherestelei?Medcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Baltcon, Polcoalvoy 0Blackseawood, Nubaltwood, Nanyozal 1

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Intertankvoy-76, Interconsec-76, Intercoa-80 0

710 Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul marfurilor generale?Medcon, Welcon, Coastcon, Polcoalvoy 0Gencon, Multiform, Nuvoy 1Synacomex, Grainvoy, Baltimore 0

711 Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul minereului?Medcon, Welcon, Baltcon, Polcoalvoy 0C(ore) 7, Scanore, Britore, Nuvoy 0Orevoy, Stemmor, Nipponore, Murmapatit 1

712 Care sunt tipurile de contracte utilizate in practica comerciala pentru transportul produselor petroliere?Intertankvoy 87, Asbatankvoy, Beepeevoy, Shellvoy 1Gencon, Scancon, Britcon, Nuvoy 0Orevoy, Genorecon, Nipponore, Murmapatit 0

713 Care sunt unitatile de calcul al navlului?Tona metrica, navlu global 0Unitate de greutate, unitate de volum, colet, navlu global, unitate de timp 1Unitate de greutate, unitate de volum 0

714 Cat prevede CSC ca poate circula un container daca nu are afectata structura de rezistenta?Un container fara avarii poate circula 30 de luni dupa care va fi supus unei inspectii de registru 1Un container poate circula 24 de luni fara inspectii ale unui registru 02 ani daca nu este avariat 0

715 Cate categorii de avarii intalnim in transportul de marfuri pe mare?Avarii daune, avarii comune si avarii cheltuieli 0Avarii comune si avarii particulare 1Avarii particulare si avarii daune 0

716 Ce atribute dau regulilor INCOTERMS caracterul de uzante uniforme internationale?Aplicarea lor numai cand partile au facut referire in mod expres la ele in continutul contractului si libertatea participantilor de a le aplica in intregime a anula ceeace nu agreeaza si a le completa cu ce doresc 1

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Aplicarea lor tuturor contractelor de vanzare internationala si respectarea intocmai a prevederilor lor0Aplicarea lor unui contract nunai daca partile nu au stabilit reglementari prin alte uzante cum ar fi RAFTD-41 0

717 Ce categorii de marfuri poate transporta o nava in "time-charter"?Orice categorie de marfuri 0Marfuri legale cu exceptia celor prevazute explicit in contract 1Orice marfuri cu exceptia marfurilor periculoase 0

718 Ce clauza inscrisa in conosament afecteaza conosamentul ca document de plata?Clauza referitoare la conditiile de livrare a marfurilor 0Clauza referitoare la avaria comuna 0Mentiuni facute de comandant referitoare la starea si conditia aparenta a marfii 1

719 Ce clauza inscrisa in conosament afecteaza conosamentul ca document de plata?Clauza referitoare la numarul de colete incarcate la bordul navei 1Clauze referitoare la costul operatiunilor de amarare/stivuire si/sau fardare 0Clauze referitoare la schimbarea portului de incarcare 0

720 Ce clauze sunt avantajoase in contractul comercial de vinzare internationala pentru o tara care dispune de o flota marititima?CIF pentru cumparari si FOB pentru vinzari. 0FIOS si LINER TERMS. 0CIF pentru vinzari si FOB pentru cumparari. 1

721 Ce conosamente se folosesc in transportul de linie?Se folosesc conosamente CONGENBILL si conosamente COMBIDOC 0Numai conosamente elaborate de companiile ce deservesc liniile de navigatie 0Se folosesc conosamente CONLINEBILL sau conosamente elaborate de companiile ce deservesc liniile de navigatie 1

722 Ce conosamente standard se utilizeaza in transportul multimodal si containerizat?Conosamentul "CONLINEBILL" si "CONGENBILL" 0Orice conosament publicat in "FORMS OF APPROVED DOCUMENTS" 0"CONLINEBILL" si "COMBIDOC" 1

723 Ce contine lista de incarcare la o nava specializata numai in transportul containerelor?In astfel de cazuri nu este nevoie de lista de incarcare 0Lista va cuprinde descrierea detaliata a marfurilor din container 0

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Lista de incarcare a incarcatorului va cuprinde numerele de identificare pentru toate containerele ce urmeaza a se incarca 1

724 Ce cuprinde masa pasiva (debitoare)?Masa pasiva cuprinde toate bunurile salvate cu exceptia navlului si care au profitat de sacrificiul sau cheltuieli facute in mod voluntar pentru salvarea comuna 0

Masa pasiva (debitoare) include toate bunurile salvate (nava, navlul si incarcatura) deci toate elementele care au profitat de sacrificiul sau cheltuielile facute in mod voluntar pentru salvarea comuna

1Masa pasiva (debitoare) cuprinde toate bunurile salvate (nava, navlu, incarcatura) pentru care participanti la expeditia maritima nu au polite de asigurare sau pe care nu le pot recupera de la partea vinovata 0

725 Ce diferente exista intre expresiile "working days of 24 hours" si "working days of 24 consecutive hours" conform VOYARULES 93:Exista diferente semnificative in sensul ca in conformitate cu prima expresie o zi de 24 ore lucratoare poate reprezenta 3 zile in care se lucreaza cate 8 ore pe zi 0Nu exista nici un fel de diferenta intre cele 2 expresii 1Exista diferente juridice care nu intereseaza personalul de la bordul navei 0

726 Ce documente sunt folosite pentru intocmirea "Time Sheet"?Conosamentul si contractul de navlosire 0Istoricul operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare, NOR si contractul de navlosire 1Raportul zilnic de lucru al stivatorilor si contractul de navlosire 0

727 Ce efect are introducerea clauzei "PARAMOUNT" intr-un conosament?Supune conosamentul regulilor de la Haga sau Haga Visby. 1Supune conosamentul regulilor de la Hamburg. 0Supune conosamentul fie regulilor de la Haga fie regulilor de la Hamburg in functie de tara in care are loc incarcarea 0

728 Ce este "manifestul marfii"?Este un document care se intocmeste de catre nava pentru a fi folosit in vama 0Documentul, intocmit de agentul navei, care descrie marfurile incarcate intr-un port si care serveste la vama in porturile de incarcare si descarcare 1Documentul care se intocmeste pentru a descrie marfurile de la bord si care este transmis direct de la vama din portul de incarcare la vama din portul de descarcare 0

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729 Ce este "navlul"?Suma platibila carausului de catre navlositor pentru transportul si sosirea marfurilor la destinatie fara a-si pierde valoarea comerciala si gata de a fi livrate posesorului conosamentului 1Suma platibila navlositorului de catre incarcator pentru transportul si sosirea marfurilor la destinatie fara a-si pierde valoarea comerciala si gata de a fi livrate posesorului conosamentului 0Suma platibila armatorului de catre navlositor pentru transportul marfurilor la destinatie sau cit mai aproape de destinatie 0

730 Ce este "OUTTURN REPORT"?Este un document in care se fac mentiuni referitoare la cantitatea de marfa descarcata si la starea si conditia in care a aceasta a fost descarcata 1Documentul care descrie in detaliu toate evenimentele legate de descarcarea marfurilor in portul de destinatie 0Documentul intocmit de comandantul navei prin care este descrisa starea marfurilor la descarcare0Este documentul care evidentiaza integritatea cantitativa si calitativa a marfurilor descarcate 0

731 Ce este "rata navlului" (FREIGHT RATE)?Suma de bani stabilita per tona, metru cub sau colet ori per tona registru a navei, ce urmeaza a se plati pentru transportul marfurilor pe mare sau fluvii. 1Suma de bani conform pietii navlurilor la un moment dat pentru anumite categorii de marfuri. 0Suma globala pe care o plateste navlositorul armatorului la deadweight-ul maxim la linia de vara 0

732 Ce este "STATEMENT OF FACTS"?Este un document intocmit de stivatorii care fac un istoric al operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare0

Istoricul evenimentelor care duc la intreruperea curgerii staliilor 0

Documentul intocmit de agent care evidentiaza toate evenimentele de la sosirea navei pana la plecarea ei 1

733 Ce este "tona de navlu" (FREIGHT TON)?Unitate de masura pentru volum si greutate egala cu un metru cub sau o tona folosita la determinarea navlului si armatorul are dreptul de a stabili navlul fie pe volum fie pe greutate 1"Unitate de masura si greutate egala cu 45 p.c. (1,15 m.c.)/2,245 libre folosita in calcularea navlurilor."0"Unitate de masura pentru volum si greutate egala cu 40 p.c. (1,12m.c.)/2,240 libre folosita in calcularea navlurilor." 0

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734 Ce este avaria comuna (GENERAL AVERAGE) ?Un prejudiciu cauzat de o forta majora,tuturor participantilor la un contaract, acoperita proportional de toate partile participante la expeditie. 0Un prejudiciu material sau o cheltuiala extraordinara produsa in timpul unui contract de transport de marfuri pe mare, avind drept cauza forta majora. 0Pierderea partiala din expeditia maritima, provocata pentru a preveni pierderea intregii expeditii, putind consta din sacrificiul proprietatii sau cheltuieli facute pentru salvarea expeditiei. 1

735 Ce este barateria (BARRATRY)?"Act ilegal si fraudulos comis de comandant si echipaj prin care se aduc prejudicii armatorului ori navlositorului." 1Preluarea fara drept a controlului unei nave pentru a fi folosita in benficiu propriu. 0Atacarea navei de catre persoane inarmate in scopul insusirii prin forta a bunurilor aflate pe nava.0

736 Ce este coeficientul de contributie la avaria comuna?Coeficientul de contributie este stabilit prin negociere directa intre partile implicate 0Raportul dintre masa debitoare si masa creditoare reprezinta coeficientul de contributie 0Raportul dintre masa creditoare si masa debitoare reprezinta coeficientul de contributie 1

737 Ce este contractul “slothire”?Este contractul prin care se inchiriaza containere de catre incarcator 0Este contractul prin care un incarcator inchiriaza de la armator o parte din spatiul de transport exprimat in containere pe care il foloseste pentru a-si transporta marfurile proprii sau il subinchiriaza 1Este contractul prin care un navlositor inchiriaza tot spatial de transport al unei nave exprimat in containere pe care il foloseste pentru transportul marfurilor proprii sau pentru transportul altor marfuriEste contractul standard folosit pentru inchirierea containerelor 0

738 Ce este foaia de pontaj?Documentul pe care persoana din echipaj desemnata il completeaza evidentiind numarul de colete incarcate si locul unde se incarca 1O foaie tipizata pe care se inscrie numarul de echipe care lucreaza si utilajele lor 0Un document care evidentiaza natura si calitatea marfurilor incarcate 0

739 Ce este navlul (FREIGHT)?Pretul marfurilor transportate. 0Suma de bani pe care navlositorul o plateste armatorului pentru marfurile transportate. 1Suma platita zilnic de navlositor armatorului pentru perioada de inchiriere a navei. 0

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740 Ce este o clauza tipizata?O clauza formulata astfel de IMO 0O clauza cu acelasi continut cuprinsa atat in Ch/P cat si Bs/L 0O clauza tiparita in "FORMS OF APPROVED DOCUMENTS" editata de BIMCO si care are un nume de cod1

741 Ce este placuta de securitate C.S.C?O placuta fixata pe usa frontala care atesta ca respectivul container rezista la solicitari statice in terminal si dinamice in timpul transportului pe mare 0O placuta fixata provizoriu pentru a putea fi utilizata in scopuri normale la nevoie 0O placuta fixata permanent intr-un loc vizibil, care certifica construirea containerului conform Conventiei pentru Securitatea Containerelor 1

742 Ce este un "conosament cu remarci" (FOUL BILL OF LADING)?Un conosament redactat sub alta forma decit cea standardizata si tipizata. 0Un conosament cu stersaturi si modificari in continut. 0Un conosament care contine o clauza din care sa rezulte ca marfa nu a fost incarcata in conditii bune.1

743 Ce este un "conosament direct" (THROUGH BILL)?Un conosament folosit pentru transportul terestru al marfurilor. 0Un conosament care acopera transportul marfurilor pe intreaga perioada de tranzit, incluzind transportul terestru si aerian. 1Un document utilizat pentru transportul direct al marfurilor de la cumparator la vinzator 0

744 Ce este un "RIDER" la contractul de navlosire?Este partea din contract negociata si inscrisa ca atare in continuarea contractului standard 1Modificarile facute de parti la clauzele standard in urma negocierii a formularului standard 0Este continuarea contractului cu clauze standard din "FORMS OF APPROVED DOCUMENTS" 0

745 Ce este un "time-sheet"?Un document intocmit separat de armator si navlositor prin care se evidentiaza zilnic curgerea staliilor1Documentul intocmit la bordul navei de catre camandant prin care se urmareste derularea conform clauzelor a operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare 0Document intocmit de agentul navei prin care se evidentiaza momentul si durata contrastaliilor sau despatch-ului 0

746 Ce este un BROKER?Un agent (cu comision sau remuneratie stabilita) care se ocupa de cumpararea ori vinzarea de bunuri, marfuri, titluri negociabile, sau negociaza rata unui navlu, asigurari, etc. Vinzarile sau negocierile le efectueaza in numele celui pe care il reprezinta 1Persoane fizice sau juridice care se ocupa de tranzactii maritime, incheind in numele lor contracte comerciale, contracte de navlosire sau de asigurare. 0Un agent (cu comision sau remuneratie stabilita) care se ocupa de cumpararea ori vinzarea de bunuri, marfuri, titluri negociabile, sau negociaza rata unui navlu, asigurari, etc. Vinzarile sau negocierile le

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efectueaza in nume propriu 0

747 Ce este un CHARTER PARTY?Ch/P este un contract de vinzare internationala. 0Ch/P este un contract prin care vinzatorul marfurilor se obliga sa transporte pina la destinatie, conform clauzelor inserate,marfurile incredintate. 0Documentul prin care se stabilesc drepturile si obligatiile armatorului si navlositorului cu privire la punerea unei nave sau a spatiului de transport al unei nave la dispozitia navlositorului 1

748 Ce este un conosament imbatranit?Un conosament care dupa semnare nu a fost depus la data extrema pentru depunere sau in lipsa acestei date in termen de 21 de zile dupa semnare. 1Conosament imbatranit este acel conosament care nu a fost eliberat de catre caraus in termen de 3 zile de la semnare si care poate deveni inutilizabil pentru incarcator. 0Un conosament imbatranit este un termen care nu se foloseste in transportul de marfuri pe mare pe baza de conosamente. 0

749 Ce este un dispasor (AVERAGE ADJUSTER)?Persoana numita de catre oficialitati pentru a stabili masa pasiva (totalitatea bunurilor salvate care sint indreptatite sa primeasca despagubiri de la asiguratori)si masa activa (totalitatea cheltuielilor facute pentru salvarea comuna). 1

Persoana numita de catre armator sau agentul armatorului avind ca sarcina sa determine cauzele avariei comune si sa stabileasca procentul de contributie la avaria comuna. 0

Persoana fizica sau juridica numita de o autoritate internationala in vederea stabilirii masei pasive si active, precum si a cotelor de participare la avaria comuna. 0

750 Ce este un operator de transport multimodal conform prevederilor "CONVENTIEI DE LA GENEVA"?O persoana fizica sau juridica specializata in transportul multimodal 1O firma de transport care are legaturi cu firme specializate in transport rutier sau feroviar 0Firmele care angajeaza nave si/sau vagoane pentru transportul marfurilor 0

751 Ce factori influenteaza valoarea navlului?Prevederile clauzelor din contractul de navlosire, modalitatea de angajare a navei, timpul de stalii, natura marfurilor 0Distanta dintre porturi, natura marfurilor, zona geografica, situatia geopolitica a porturilor de operare, modalitatea de angajare a navei (fios, linner), modalitati de plata a cheltuielilor portuare (D/A) 1Prevederile clauzelor din contractul de navlosire, distanta dintre porturi, natura marfurilor, zona geografica 0

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752 Ce factori pot influenta valoarea navlului?Momentul inceperii curgerii staliilor 0Situatia geopolitica in porturile de operare 1Tipul de contract de navlosire utilizat 0

753 Ce fel de marcaj se foloseste in cazul materialelor explozive?neutru 0original 0rezistent 0special 1

754 Ce inseamna "navlu platibil la destinatie" (FREIGHT PAYABLE AT DESTINATION)?Navlu platibil la sosirea navei in porturile de destinatie indiferent de prevederile conosamentului, cind expresia se insereaza in Ch/P. 0Clauza din conosament sau Ch/P conform careia navlul se plateste in portul de descarcare si, in general, numai daca marfurile au ajuns fara a-si pierde valoarea comerciala. 1Plata navlului la sosirea navei in ultimul port de descarcare, indiferent de starea marfurilor 0

755 Ce inseamna cuvintul sarbatoare (HOLIDAY)?Inseamna o zi pe saptamina sau parte(ti) din aceasta in care lucrul pe nava in mod normal ar trebui sa aiba loc dar este suspendat la locul incarcarii/descarcarii din motive de lege locala sau practica locala.1Sarbatoare inseamna acea zi in care conform calendarului BIMCO, in portul respectiv lucrul nu se executa din motive de lege locala sau practica locala. 0Sarbatoare inseamna duminicile sau alte zile in care conform uzurilor de port lucrul nu se executa.0

756 Ce inseamna expresia "navlul platit anticipat" (FREIGHT PREPAID)?"Navlul platit in portul de incarcare inainte de inceperea incarcarii." 0Navlul platit in momentul incheierii contractului de navlosire. 0Navlul platit inainte de eliberarea conosamentelor originale 1

757 Ce inseamna expresia "port sigur" (SAFE PORT)?Inseamna un port care, pe timpul respectivei perioade de timp, nava poate sosi, intra, ramine sau pleca din el, in absenta unor intimplari anormale, fara a fi expusa vreunui pericol care nu poate fi evitat printr-o buna navigatie sau practica marinareasca 1"Port sigur" inseamna un loc amenajat, inscris in documentele nautice, utilizat de nave ca loc de operare, fara a exista posibilitatea avarierii navelor. 0Inseamna un port in care, pe timpul respectivei perioade de timp, nava poate intra, ramine sau pleca din el, fara a fi expusa vreunui pericol chiar in imprejurari deosebite 0

758 Ce inseamna expresia "WEATHER WORKING DAY"?O zi lucratoare de 24 de ore consecutive cu exceptia perioadelor de timp in care incarcarea sau descarcarea este impiedicata de contitiile meteorologice sau ar fi fost impiedicata daca s-ar fi desfasurat. 1

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o zi lucratoare de 24 de ore consecutive in care perioadele de timp cit vremea impiedica efectiv operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare nu se conteaza ca stalii 0O zi lucratoare pe durata careia se pot executa operatii de incarcare/descarcare permise de uzul portului. 0

759 Ce inseamna expresia WWWW inserata intr-un contract in legatura cu N.O.R?Ca NOR poate fi inaintat fara ca nava sa fie in port sau dana 0Ca NOR poate fi inaintat indiferent daca nava este in port/dana si indiferent daca a obtinut libera practica si permis vamal (CUSTOM CLEARANCE) 1NOR poate fi inaintat numai daca nava este in port, dana, a obtinut libera practica si permis vamal0

760 Ce intelegeti prin expresia "No cure - No Pay"conform acestei expresii operatiunile de salvare sunt remunerate doar in cazul in care acestea au success 1conform acestei expresii navlositorul plateste pentru operatiunile de salvare doar daca nava este salvata

0conform acestei expresii se remunereaza si situatiile in care nava nu este salvata 0conform acestei expresii armatorul plateste doar daca nava este salvata fara a fi avariata 0

761 Ce inteles are expresia "UNLESS USED"?Se intelege faptul ca in situatia in care staliile au inceput si nava desfasoara operatiuni de incarcare sau descarcare in perioadele exceptate timpul astfel utilizat se va conta ca stalii 1Se intelege faptul ca perioadele efectiv lucrate in zile exceptate se vor conta ca stalii 0Expresia se insereaza pentru a anula anumite prevederi ale uzurilor portuare potrivit carora pe vreme nefavorabila curgerea staliilor se intrerupe. 0

762 Ce mentiuni speciale trebuie sa cuprinda protestul de mare intocmit in urma unei avarii comune?Protestul de mare chiar si in cazul unei avarii comune nu trebuie sa cuprinda mentiuni speciale 0Protestul de mare in cazul unei avarii comune va fi intocmit conform procedurii standard cu mentiunea expresa ca se declara avarie comuna 1In cazul unei avarii comune protestul de mare va contine in mod explicit valoarea masei active si a masei pasive si va face referire la obligatia partilor de a participa la acoperirea avariei commune 0

763 Ce pagube acopera asigurarea "CASCO"?Acopera toate pagubele care se pot produce la marfa pe timpul transportului 0Acopera eventualele pagube pricinuite navei ca urmare a accidentelor si pericolului marii in timpul navigatiei si exploatarii navei 1Acopera toate eventualele pagube sau avarii produse navei in timpul navigatiei, de greselile Comandantului si/sau echipajului 0

764 Ce poate rezulta din intocmirea time-sheet-ului?Ca nava s-a incadrat in termenii contractuali 0

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Numarul de zile de contrastalii sau despatch 1Timpul economisit la sfarsitul incarcarii/descarcarii 0

765 Ce prevad regulile de la HAMBURG referitor la marfurile incarcate pe punte?In situatia in care carausul si incarcatorul au convenit ca marfurile vor fi sau ar putea fi transportate pe punte, carausul trebuie sa insereze in conosament o declaratie care sa mentioneze ca marfurile au fost incarcate pe punte. 1Marfurile se pot incarca pe punte fara o intelegere prealabila intre incarcator si caraus, dar cu inserarea acestui fapt in conosament. 0Daca carausul si incarcatorul au convenit ca marfurile vor fi sau ar putea fi transportate pe punte, se poate face acest lucru fara inserarea unei mentiuni in acest sens in conosament. 0

766 Ce prevede "Clauza de avarie comuna" din GENCON 1976?Avaria comuna va fi solutionata conform legislatiei nationale din tara unde se produce avaria. 0Avaria comuna va fi solutionata prin arbitraj. 0Avaria comuna va fi solutionata in conformitate cu regulile YORK - ANVERS 1974. 1

767 Ce prevede "Clauza de deviere" din GENCON 1994?Nava nu are voie sa devieze de la ruta normala sub nici o forma. 0Nava are libertatea sa faca escala in orice port sau porturi in orice ordine, pentru orice scop, sa navige fara pilot, sa remorcheze si/sau sa asiste nave in toate situatiile si de asemenea sa devieze in scopul salvarii de vieti si/sau bunuri. 1Nava are libertatea sa faca escala in orice port sau porturi in orice ordine, pentru orice scop, sa navige fara pilot, sa remorcheze si/sau sa asiste nave in toate situatiile si de asemenea sa devieze numai in scopul salvarii de vieti omenesti pe mare. 0

768 Ce prevede "clauza de retentie" din GENCON 1994?Armatorul are dreptul de retentie pe marfa si pe orice subnavlu platit in legatura cu marfa pentru navlu, contrastalii, navlu mort, despagubiri pentru retinere si pentru orice sume datorate in baza contractului de navlosire inclusiv costurile de recuperare a acestora 1Armatorul are dreptul de retentie pe marfa pentru navlu, navlu mort, contrastalii si avarii la nava.0Armatorul nu poate sub nici un motiv sa retina marfurile navlositorului. 0

769 Ce prevede "Clauza de reziliere" din GENCON 1994?Daca nava nu este gata sa incarce (fie ca este in dana sau nu) la data de reziliere mentionata in contract navlositorul are optiunea de a rezilia contractul. 1Daca nava nu este gata sa incarce la data stabilita, navlositorul va avea optiunea de a asteapta 10 zile sosirea navei si dac acaeasta nu soseste sa rezilieze contractul. 0Navlositorul trebuie sa astepte fara nici o pretentie pina cind nava va fi oprita sa incarce. 0

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770 Ce prevede clauza "dreptul de retentie" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire?Armatorul are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor pentru orice avarie produsa lor de companiile de stivadori 0Armatorul are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor pentru navlu, navlu mort si contrastalii neplatite1Armatorul are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor dupa ce un tribunal s-a pronuntat in ceeace priveste vina navlositorului pentru neplata navlului, navlului mort si contrastaliilor 0

771 Ce prevede contractul GENCON 1994 referitor la repartizarea costurilor si riscurilor cu privire la incarcarea marfurilor?Marfa sa fie adusa la copastie in asemenea mod incit sa permita navei sa o incarce cu propriul ei ganci. Navlositorul sa asigure si sa plateasca muncitori necesari pe cheu iar nava sa incarce marfurile la bord.0Marfa sa fie adusa la nava si incarcata pe cheltuiala armatorului. 0Marfa sa fie adusa in magaziile navei, incarcata, stivuita si/sau rujata, numarata, amarata si/sau asigurata de catre navlositori fara nici un fel de risc, cheltuiala si raspundere pentru armatori 1

772 Ce prevede GENCON 1994 referitor la cheltuielile de incarcare /descarcare in legatura cu coletele cu o greutate mai mare de doua tone ?

Nu exista astfel de prevederi in GENCON 1994 1Armatorul va fi raspunzator si va suporta cheltuielile pentru incarcarea coletelor mai mari de doua tone.

0Orice piese si/sau colete de marfa peste doua tone greutate, vor fi incarcate, stivuite si descarcate de navlositor pe riscul si cheltuiala lor. 0

773 Ce prevede regula de interpretare (YORK-ANVERS) ?Odata ce s-a stipulat in contract ca o avarie comuna va fi reglementata conform regulilor YORK-ANVERS, orice alta prevedere contrara din legislatia nationala sau internationala referitoare la avariile comune va fi nula. 1Prevede aplicarea regulilor YORK-ANVERS in conformitate si cu prevederile legale nationale, acestea din urma avind prioritate fara de regulile York-Antwerp. 0Un act de avarie comuna este fi reglementat numai Regulile YORK-ANVERS si orice alta prevedere a legislatiei nationale si internationale cu privire la acest aspect este nula 0

774 Ce reprezinta asigurarile P&I?Forma de asigurare mutuala si non-profit prin care armatorul isi asigurara responsabilitatile fata de avariile provocate unor terti 1Asigurari ale marfurilor pentru transport 0Asigurari privind avariile la corpul navei in cazul in care acestea nu sunt recuperate de la partea vinovata

0

775 Ce reprezinta caracterul sinalagmatic al unui contract de vanzare cumparare internationala?

141

Caracterul sinalagmatic inseamna ca fiecare participant la contract are responsabilitati reciproce pentru realizarea contractului 0Contractul de vanzare/cumparare da nastere la prestatii reciproce intre parti 1Caracterul sinalagmatic al unui contract este dat de obligatia partilor de a se achita de raspunderile ce le revin in timpul executarii contractului 0

776 Ce reprezinta protestul de mare?Reprezinta documentul prin care comandantul ia atitudine fata de o situatie sau un eveniment extraordinar, care cauzeaza sau ar putea cauza daune materiale navei, marfii sau echipajului, eveniment pe care-l face public pe aceasta cale 1Protestul Comandantului impotriva viciilor ascunse ale marfurilor ce le are spre transport 0Documentul de protest legat numai de cazul avariei particulare 0

777 Ce se intampla daca din motive subiective nava nu poate realiza viteza economica prevazuta prin contract?Cand nava nu poate realiza viteza economica prevazuta in contract nu se produc efecte financiare pentru armator 0

Chiria va fi diminuata cu contravaloarea timpului pierdut si/sau a consumului de combustibil suplimentar 1In astfel de cazuri navlositorul poate avea optiunea de a rezilia contractul si a incheia altul la o chirie mai redusa 0

778 Ce se intelege cambie documentara?Folosita la consolidarea mecanismului incasoului documentar cu conditia ca cuprinsul sau sa se prevada expres ca banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca pretul, renuntand la beneficiul de diviziune si discutiune, daca documentele atesta indeplinirea intocmai a obligatiilor contractuale ale vanzatorului0

Titlu de credit autonom prin care o persoana numita tragator da ordin unei alte persoane numita tras sa plateasca neconditionat, la o anumita data numita scadenta, o anumita suma de bani unui beneficiar indicat 1

Marfurile se trimit pe adresa unui tert, de obicei banca la care Cumparatorul are credit, care nu le expediaza decat dupa incasarea pretului 0

779 Ce se intelege prin "buna stare de navigabilitate legala"?Nava sa fie dotata si echipata cu tot ce prevede legislatia nationala si internationala 0

Nava sa aiba la bord in stare de valabilitate toate actele de registru si conventii in plus sa aiba echipaj complet si competent conform STCW, combustibil adecvat si suficient, harti si documente nautice la zi, hrana si apa pentru echipaj 1

Nava sa fie etansa si solida cu echipaj complet si competent, cu combustibil adecvat si suficient, harti si documente nautice la zi 0

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780 Ce se intelege prin "conosament la ordin"?Conosament emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane (fie al destinatarului marfurilor, fie incarcatorului, fie al unei banci), care apoi poate andosa conosamentul unei alte persoane 1

Conosament ce se elibereaza in favoarea unei persoane nominata expres in acest document, ca fiind singura indreptatita sa solicite armatorului sa-I predea marfurile inscrise, in cantitatea indicata 0

Conosament prin excelenta negociabil, iar comandantul navei este obligat sa predea marfa celui care prezinta conosamentul 0

781 Ce se intelege prin "conosament la purtator"?Conosament emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane (fie al destinatarului marfurilor, fie incarcatorului, fie al unei banci), care apoi poate andosa conosamentul unei alte persoane 0

Conosament ce se elibereaza in favoarea unei persoane nominata expres in acest document, ca fiind singura indreptatita sa solicite armatorului sa-I predea marfurile inscrise, in cantitatea indicata 0

Conosament pe care sunt inscrise cuvintele "to bearer" sau "to holder" fiind un titlu prin excelenta negociabil, indreptatind pe orice detinator al acestuia sa solicite livrarea marfii 1

782 Ce se intelege prin "conosament nominativ"?Conosament emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane (fie al destinatarului marfurilor, fie incarcatorului, fie al unei banci), care apoi poate andosa conosamentul unei alte persoane 0

Conosament ce se elibereaza in favoarea unei persoane nominata expres in acest document, ca fiind singura indreptatita sa solicite armatorului sa-i predea marfurile inscrise, in cantitatea si conditia indicata 1

Conosament prin excelenta negociabil, iar comandantul navei este obligat sa predea marfa celui care prezinta conosamentul 0

783 Ce se intelege prin "dispasa"?Lucrarea care consta din calcularea si stabilirea indemnizatiilor de despagubire pe care asiguratorii urmeaza sa la plateasca proprietarilor navei si marfurilor care au suferit daune, pierderi sau daune cheltuielii in urma savarsirii unui act de avarie comuna 1

Raportul de expertiza intocmit de o persoana autorizata (dispasor) prin care se stabileste masele active si pasive si sumele pe care le vor plati participantii la expeditia maritima asiguratorilor 0

Lucrare intocmita de experti numita si Regulamentul avariei comune prin care se stabilesc imprejurarile in care a avut loc un act de avarie comuna precum si consecintele ce decurg din aceasta 0

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784 Ce se intelege prin "forta majora" (ACT OF GOD) ?Un eveniment produs in timpul unei expeditii maritime, in imprejurari exceptionale si acre nu poate fi evitat de o nava aflata in perfecta buna stare navigabilitate. 0

Un eveniment inevitabil produs fara intentia umana, gen tempesta, inundatie sau deces, care opereaza in cazul anumitor contracte cum sint cele de asigurare sau de transport. 1

Evenimente grave produse la bordul navei, cum ar fi incendii, inundarea unor magazii, avarii la motorul principal, pentru care armatorul are dreptul la asigurare si pentru care nu este responsabil. 0

785 Ce se intelege prin "navlu global" (LUMP SUM)?Forma de stabilire a navlului prin care navlositorul plateste aceeasi suma de bani indiferent de cantitatea de marfa incarcata in conditiile in care armatorul pune la dispotia navlositorului o anumita capacitate de incarcare 1

Forma de stabilire a navlului prin care navlositorul plateste armatorului o suma fixa de bani 0

Forma de stabilire a navlului prin care navlositorul plateste navlul pe tona sau pe volumul de marfa incarcata 0

786 Ce se intelege prin "Notice of readiness"?Notificare prin care Comandantul navei ii instiinteaza pe navlositori, in calitatea lor de agenti prezumati ai armatorului, ca nava este sosita si este gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru a incarca sau descarca marfa in conformitate cu conditiile contractului de navlosire 0

Notificare prin care Comandantul navei ii instiinteaza pe armatori, in calitatea lor de agenti prezumati ai navlositorului, ca nava este sosita si este gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru a incarca sau descarca marfa in conformitate cu conditiile contractului de navlosire 0

Notificare prin care Comandantul navei ii instiinteaza pe incarcatori sau primitori, in calitatea lor de agenti prezumati ai navlositorului, ca nava este sosita si este gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru a incarca sau descarca marfa in conformitate cu conditiile contractului de navlosire 1

787 Ce se intelege prin "RUNING DAYS" sau "CONSECUTIVE DAYS"?Zile care urmeaza una dupa alta cu exceptia duminicilor. 0Zile care urmeaza una dupa alta cu exceptia duminicilor si sarbatorilor legale. 0Zile care urmeaza una dupa alta. 1

788 Ce se intelege prin "stalii determinabile"?

144

Sunt stalii determinate de catre armator si navlositor in functie de rata de operare conform uzului portului dar nu mai mult de o perioada rezonabila de 5/10 zile 0Sunt stalii determinate de catre armator si navlositor in functie de natura marfii operate 0Sunt stalii ce se pot calcula prin raportarea cantitatii de marfa incarcate sau descarcate la o anumita rata de incarcare sau descarcare 1

789 Ce se intelege prin "WEATHER PERMITTING"?Se intelege faptul ca perioadele de timp cit vremea impiedica operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare nu se vor conta ca stalii 1Se intelege faptul ca perioadele de timp cit vremea impiedica operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare sau le-ar fi impiediat daca acestea s-ar fi desfasurat nu se vor conta ca stalii 0Daca lucrul este intrerupt din cauza timpului nefavorabil timpul respectiv nu va conta la stalii daca uzurile portului nu prevad altfel. 0

790 Ce se intelege prin acreditiv?Forma a creditului documentar prin care o banca se obliga in baza unui contract incheiat cu clientul sa plateasca beneficiarului indicat, pana la termenul stabilit, in baza prezentarii unor documente comerciale, indicate in deschiderea respectivului credit, o anumita suma 1

Forma a creditului documentar care se concretizeaza intr-un document prin care banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca, fara rezerve, o suma determinata, in situatia in care beneficiarul intocmai continutul sau 0

Creditorul preda bancii sale documentele care atesta ca sunt indeplinite obligatiile ce I-au revenit in baza unui contract comercial, banca remite documentele spre incasare altei banci, care la randul ei le inmaneaza Debitorului dupa ce acesta achita contravaloarea lor 0

791 Ce se intelege prin arbitraj (ARBITRATION) ?Modalitate de solutionare a litigiilor prin care partile implicate cad de acord asupra utilizarii unui arbitru sau nomineaza fiecare cite un arbitru 1Judecarea de catre un tribunal international a unei dispute intre partile participante la un contract.0Decizie a unei instante in legatura cu probleme in care partile nu au ajuns la o intelegere. 0

792 Ce se intelege prin armator?O persoana juridica indreptatita din punct de vedere legal sa construiasca sau sa cumpere o nava0O persoana fizica sau juridica, care are in proprietate nave pe care le utilizeaza in scopul transportului de marfuri/pasageri pe mare 1O persoana fizica sau juridica, care are in proprietate nave pe care le inchiriaza in "time charter" 0

793 Ce se intelege prin avarie comuna?Avaria produsa navei sau marfurilor ca urmare a unui accident maritim, sau izvorand din natura lucrurilor (nava sau marfuri), fara a reprezenta vointa unei persoane sau intentia de a savarsi un act in legatura cu aceasta 0

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Avaria este consecinta cazului fortuit, a fortei majore sau a viciului propriu al navei, vicii ale incarcaturii, daunele si cheltuielile se refera numai la nava sau numai la incarcatura 0

Sacrificiul extraordinar sau cheltuielile extraordinare facute de Comandant intentionat si rational pentru salvarea comuna a navei si a marfii de la un pericol care le ameninta in expeditia maritima si care trebuie suportate de catre partile care au beneficiat de pe urma acestui act, in mod proportional cu valorile salvate 1

794 Ce se intelege prin avarie particulara?Avaria produsa ca urmare a unui accident maritim in care este afectata numai nava urmand ca pentru acoperirea pagubei sa participe atat armatorul cat si navlositorul 0

Avaria produsa navei sau marfurilor ca urmare a unui accident maritim 0

Avaria produsa navei sau marfurilor ca urmare a unui pericol maritim, fara a reprezenta vointa unei persoane sau intentia de a savarsi un act in legatura cu aceasta 1

795 Ce se intelege prin buna stare de navigabilitare (SEAWORTHINESS)?Punerea de catre navlositor la dispozitia armatorului a tot ce este necesar pentru un voiaj in deplina siguranta. 0

Echiparea unei nave cu tot ce este necesar pentru efectuare unei expeditii pe mare in bune conditii pe orice vreme. In plus fata de echiparea corespunzatoare a navei, armatorul trebuie sa aiba un echipaj complet si competent, combustibil suficient, provizii suficiente si complete pentru voiaj. Echipamentul navei trebuie sa fie in buna stare, iar daca se transporta marfuri, nava trebuie sa fie corespunzator pregatita pentru transportul marfurilor respective 0

Echiparea unei nave cu tot ce este necesar pentru efectuare unei expeditii pe mare in conditii rezonabile de siguranta. In plus fata de echiparea corespunzatoare a navei, armatorul trebuie sa aiba un echipaj complet si competent, combustibil suficient, provizii suficiente si complete pentru voiaj. Echipamentul navei trebuie sa fie in buna stare, iar daca se transporta marfuri, nava trebuie sa fie corespunzator pregatita pentru transportul marfurilor respective 1

796 Ce se intelege prin buna stare de navigabilitate contractuala?Nava sa satisfaca cerintele de echipare impuse de BIMCO 0Sa aiba dotarile necesare pentru a duce o marfa la destinatie in buna stare 1Nava sa aiba dotarile si echipamentele prevazute de un registru naval recunoscut 0

797 Ce se intelege prin bunuri fungibile?Bunuri care datorita calitatilor lor intrinseci nu se pot inlocui cu altele 0

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Toate marfurile destinate exportului 0Marfuri ce se pot schimba unele cu altele, raportul de echivalenta stabilindu-se prin cantarire, numarare, masurare 1

798 Ce se intelege prin bunuri nefungibile?Bunuri care datorita calitatilor lor intrinseci nu se pot inlocui cu altele 1

Toate marfurile destinate exportului 0

Marfuri ce se pot schimba unele cu altele, raportul de echivalenta stabilindu-se prin cantarire, numarare, masurare 0

799 Ce se intelege prin clauza "ballast bonus" introdusa intr-un contract "time-charter"?Nava nu va fi balastata in perioada inchirierii, pentru balastare armatorul va plati un bonus navlositorului

0Atunci cand o nava este departe de locul de livrare in momentul incheierii contractului, navlositorul plateste jumatate din cheltuielile de aducere a navei la locul de livrare 0Atunci cand o nava este departe de locul de livrare in momentul incheierii contractului, navlositorul contribuie la cheltuielile de aducere a navei la locul de livrare cu o suma ce este negociata 1

800 Ce se intelege prin clauza BRUTTO/NETTO referitoare la includerea pretului ambalajului in pretul marfii?Costul ambalajului nu este cuprins in pretul marfii 0Costul ambalajului este cuprins in pretul marfii 1Costul ambalajului se calculeaza separat de cel al marfii 0

801 Ce se intelege prin credit documentar?Creditul documentar este o forma de creditare de catre banci pentru clienti comerciali in vederea derularii unor contracte de vanzare internationala 0

Creditul documentar este un aranjament prin care o banca denumita emitenta se obliga in numele unui client denumit ordonator sa plateasca navlul prevazut in instructiunile de deschidere a acreditivului0

Este orice aranjament, prin care o banca denumita banca emitenta se obliga in numele unui client denumit ordonator sa:-efectueze plata directa sau sa autorizeze efectuarea de plati catre o alta banca, catre un beneficiar indicat de ordonatoru sau; -sa accepte si sa negocieze cambii trase asupra sa de catre tertul indicat. 1

802 Ce se intelege prin cuvantul "DEMURRAGE" inserat intr-un contract de navlosire?Inseamna timpul cat armatorul va astepta, dupa expirarea staliilor, pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare-descarcare 0Inseamna suma convenita si platita de catre armator daca nava a terminat incarcarea/descarcarea inaintea expirarii staliilor 1

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Suma platita de armator navlositorului pentru perioada de asteptare in vederea obtinerii danei de operare 0

803 Ce se intelege prin cuvintul "marfuri" conform regulilor de la Haga ?Prin aceasta expresie se inteleg: bunuri, obiecte, marfuri si articole de orice natura cu exceptia animalelor vii. 0Prin aceasta expresie se inteleg ; lucruri, obiecte, marfuri de orice natura cu exceptia animalelor vii si a incarcaturii de pe punte. 1Expresia "marfuri" cuprinde orice bun material care ar putea constitui obiect de comert pe mare inclusiv animalele vii si marfurile incarcate pe punte. 0

804 Ce se intelege prin expresia "CUSTOMARY (QUICK) DESPATCH"?Navlositorul va opera nava cu viteza prevazuta de uzurile porturilor. 0Navlositorul trebuie sa incarce cit mai repede posibil in circumstantele predominante in timpul incarcarii si descarcarii. 1Navlositorul nu are nici o responsabilitate in legatura cu durata operatiunilor. 0

805 Ce se intelege prin expresia "dana sigura" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire?O dana la care o nava poate opera fara a se expune vre-unui pericol de orice natura ar fi.0

Inseamna o dana la care, pe timpul respectivei perioade, nava poate ramine sau pleca din ea fara a fi expusa vre-unui pericol chiar in imprejurari deosebite. 0

Inseamna o dana la care, pe timpul respectivei perioade de timp, nava poate sa/si ramine sau pleca din ea, in absenta unor intimplari anormale, fara a fi expusa unui pericol care nu poate fi evitat printr-o buna navigatie sau practica marinareasca. 1806 Ce se intelege prin expresia marfuri conform regulilor de la Haga?Prin marfuri se intelege : bunuri, obiecte si articole de orice natura cu exceptia animalelor vii si a incarcaturilor de pe punte. 1Prin marfuri se inteleg orice categorii de bunuri si obiecte de orice natura ar fi inclusiv animale vii si marfuri incarcate pe punte. 0Prin marfuri se inteleg orice categorii de bunuri cu exceptia celor care pot prejudicia viata echipajului si siguranta navei. 0

807 Ce se intelege prin incasoul documentar?Forma a creditului documentar prin care o banca se obliga in baza unui contract incheiat cu clientul sa plateasca beneficiarului indicat, pana la termenul stabilit, in baza prezentarii unor documente comerciale, indicate in deschiderea respectivului credit, o anumita suma 0

Forma a creditului documentar care se concretizeaza intr-un document prin care banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca, fara rezerve, o suma determinata, in situatia in care beneficiarul intocmai continutul sau 0

148

Creditorul preda bancii sale documentele care atesta ca sunt indeplinite obligatiile ce I-au revenit in baza unui contract comercial, banca remite documentele spre incasare altei banci, care la randul ei le inmaneaza Debitorului dupa ce acesta achita contravaloarea lor 1

808 Ce se intelege prin masa activa (creditoare) in cazul unei avarii comune? Masa activa cuprinde toate valorile pierderilor sau daunelor verificate si pentru care cei interesati cu dreptul sa ceara despagubire. Ea cuprinde pierderile sau daunele suferite de nava si incarcatura precum si cheltuielile facute in mod voluntar pentru salvarea comuna 1

Masa activa cuprinde toate valorile pierderilor sau daunelor verificate la care participantii ar putea avea dreptul de recuperare.Masa activa cuprinde toate bunurile si cheltuielile facute pentru a repune nava in buna stare de navigabilitate dupa o avarie comuna 0

Masa activa cuprinde toate valorile pierderilor sau daunelor verificate si pentru care cei interesati cu dreptul sa ceara despagubire. Masa activa cuprinde valorile bunurilor pierdute precum si daunele verificate pentru care participantii la expeditia maritima au polita de asigurare 0

809 Ce se intelege prin navlosire?Activitate prin care se angajeaza spatiul de transport (total sau partial) pe o nava maritima si care de obicei se finalizeaza prin incheierea unui contract de navlosire sau a unui Booking Note. 1

"Navlosire inseamna un contract dovedit prin existenta unui conosament." 0

Navlosire inseamna un contract pentru transportul marfurilor pe mare pe baza de Ch/P si existenta lui este dovedita prin conosamentul ce se emite dupa incarcarea marfurilor la bord 0

810 Ce se intelege prin scrisoare de credit?Forma a creditului documentar prin care o banca se obliga in baza unui contract incheiat cu clientul sa plateasca beneficiarului indicat, pana la termenul stabilit, in baza prezentarii unor documente comerciale, indicate in deschiderea respectivului credit, o anumita suma 0

Forma a creditului documentar care se concretizeaza intr-un document prin care banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca, fara rezerve, o suma determinata, in situatia in care beneficiarul intocmai continutul sau 1

Creditorul preda bancii sale documentele care atesta ca sunt indeplinite obligatiile ce I-au revenit in baza unui contract comercial, banca remite documentele spre incasare altei banci, care la randul ei le inmaneaza Debitorului dupa ce acesta achita contravaloarea lor 0

811 Ce se intelege prin scrisoare de garantie bancara?

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Folosita la consolidarea mecanismului incasoului documentar cu conditia ca cuprinsul sau sa se prevada expres ca banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca pretul, renuntand la beneficiul de diviziune si discutiune, daca documentele atesta indeplinirea intocmai a obligatiilor contractuale ale vanzatorului

1

Titlu de credit autonom prin care o persoana numita tragator da ordin unei alte persoane numita tras sa plateasca neconditionat, la o anumita data numita scadenta, o anumita suma de bani unui beneficiar indicat 0

Marfurile se trimit pe adresa unui tert, de obicei banca la care Cumparatorul are credit, care nu le expediaza decat dupa incasarea pretului 0

812 Ce se intelege prin stalii reversibile?Stalii calculate conform "uzo porto" 0Stalii calculate conform normei de incarcare/descarcare 0Un numar total de zile acordat prin contract atat pentru incarcare cat si pentru descarcare 1

813 Ce se intelege prin termenul "in scris" (IN WRITING) folosit in legatura cu notice-ul?Un notice batut la masina, sau transmis prin radio. 0

Un notice batut la masina sau transmis prin telex care trebuie transmis apoi in original agentului navei din portul de incarcare sau descarcare pentru a fi sau nu acceptat de catre compania de stivatori.0

Un notice vizibil exprimat in orice mod de reproducere a cuvintelor; mediul de transmitere va include comunicatiile electronice cum ar fi radiocomunicatiile si telecomunicatiile. 1

814 Ce se intelege prin termenul avarie?Avarii sunt toate cheltuielile extraordinare facute pentru nava si pentru incarcatura, pentru amandoua impreuna sau pentru fiecare in parte, si toate pagubele suferite de nava sau incarcatura dupa incarcare si plecare pana la sosire si descarcare 1Avarii sunt toate cheltuielile obisnuite facute pentru nava si care pot fi inserate in continutul contractului de navlosire 0Avarii sunt daunele si cheltuielile facute in mod voluntar si constient pentru salvare comuna a navei, navlului si incarcaturii 0

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815 Ce se intelege prin urmatoarea prescurtare foarte des folosita in contractele de navlosire referitor la despatch "DHDATSBE"?Despatchul va fi jumatate din contrastalii pentru tot timpul salvat la ambele capete 1Despatchul se va plati integral atat pentru incarcare cat si pentru descarcare 0Despatchul va fi jumatate din contrastalii pentru timpul de lucru salvat la ambele capete 0

816 Ce se intelege prin urmatoarea prescurtare foarte des folosita in contractele de navlosire referitor la despatch "DHDWTSBE"?Despatchul va fi jumatate din contrastalii pentru tot timpul salvat la ambele capete 0Despatchul va fi jumatate din contrastalii pentru timpul de lucru salvat la ambele capete 1Nu se va plati dispatch 0

817 Ce se intelege prin vinculatie?Folosita la consolidarea mecanismului incasoului documentar cu conditia ca cuprinsul sau sa se prevada expres ca banca emitenta se obliga sa plateasca pretul, renuntand la beneficiul de diviziune si discutiune, daca documentele atesta indeplinirea intocmai a obligatiilor contractuale ale vanzatorului0

Titlu de credit autonom prin care o persoana numita tragator da ordin unei alte persoane numita tras sa plateasca neconditionat, la o anumita data numita scadenta, o anumita suma de bani unui beneficiar indicat 0

Marfurile se trimit pe adresa unui tert, de obicei banca la care Cumparatorul are credit, care nu le expediaza decat dupa incasarea pretului 1

818 Ce semnifica cifra de la rubrica "ALLOWABLE STACKING WEIGHT FOR 1,8g" de pe placuta CSC?Ca un container nu poate suporta static in terminal o greutate mai mare decat cea inscrisa la aceasta rubrica 0Ca peste container nu se poate incarca o greutate mai mare decat cea inscrisa la aceasta rubrica astfel ca in timpul mersului datorita solicitarilor dinamice containerul sa nu se deformeze 1

151

Cifra reprezinta greutatea pe care o suporta in terminal si in magazia navei in timpul marsului fara ca sa se afecteze structura de rezistenta a containerului 0

819 Ce semnificatie are angajarea BSS 0/2D/A-ul la cele 2 porturi de descarcare va fi suportat de navlositor 0D/A-ul la incarcare/descarcare va fi suportat de armator si navlositor 0D/A-ul in portul/porturile de incarcare va fi suportat de navlositor iar in cele 2 porturi de descarcare va fi suportat de armator 1

820 Ce semnificatie are clauza "OWNER`S RESPONSIBILITY CLAUSE" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire?Armatorul va fi raspunzator pentru orice pierde sau daune cauzate marfurilor, sau pentru orice dauna rezultata din intarzieri in livrarea marfurilor numai pentru fapte personale si nu este raspunzator pentru daune sau cheltuieli cauzate de prepusii lui 1

Armatorul este raspunzator pentru daune sau avarii indiferent de natura lor cauzate in timpul transportului de fapte personale cat si de faptele prepusilor sai si este raspunzator pentru fapte personale sau ale prepusilor sai si pentru daune cauzate de intarzieri in livrarea marfurilor la destinatie0

Armatorul nu este raspunzator pentru daune sau avarii produse marfurilor in timpul transportului, pentru aceste riscuri ale unei expeditii maritime exista mecanismul asigurarilor 0

821 Ce semnificatie are cuvintul "dana" inscris intr-un contract de navlosire?Un cheu amenajat. 0Un loc specific din interiorul unui port unde navele incarca sau descarca. 1Un loc amenajat special pentru operarea navelor indiferent daca nava este la cheu sau in bazinul portuar. 0

822 Ce semnificatie are cuvintul "port" inserat intr-un contract de navlosire?Port inseamna o incinta special amenajata in care navele pot fi incarcate si/sau descarcate de marfa fiind recunoscuta in documentele specifice ca atare si marcata special pe hartile de navigatie. 0

Port inseamna un bazin acvatic adapostit unde navele pot opera la o dana sau la ancora. 0

Port inseamna o suprafata in care navele incarca sau descarca marfa fie ca este vorba de dane, zone de ancoraj, balize sau ceva similar si care include locurile uzuale unde navele isi asteapta randul sau primesc instructiuni sau sint obligate sa-si astepte rindul indiferent de distanta de aceasta zona. 1

823 Ce stabileste clauza FOB?

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Dozeaza obligatiile vinzatorului, care suporta toate cheltuielile pina ce marfa se va incarca la bordul navei. 1Conform acestei clauze, marfa se va incarca la bordul navei fara nici o cheltuiala din partea armatorului.

0Clauza obliga pe cumparatorul marfurilor sa le ridice pe cheltuiala sa din portul de descarcare. 0

824 Ce sunt clauzele subantelese ale unui contract de navlosire?Clauzele inscrise in contractul standard 0Clauzele nescrise in contract, dar care se refera la buna credinta a partilor pentru realizarea scopului comercial al voiajului 1Clauzele contractuale nescrise care se refera la obligatia armatorului de a asigura nava si marfa 0

825 Ce trebuie prevazut intr-un contract de vinzare-cumparare international pentru a determina corect cantitatea de marfa Determinarea cantitatii sa se faca prin una din metodele recunoscute international (draft survey, cantarire, etc) si numai dupa ce marfa a fost incarcata la bordul navei 0Determinarea cantitatii prin intermediul unei companii de inspectie recunoscuta pe plan international0Unitatea de masura, locul si momentul determinarii cantitatii, modul de stabilire a cantitatii, documentele care atesta cantitatea marfii 1

826 Ce trebuie sa contina clauza de livrare/relivrare a unei nave in "time-charter"?Sa contina o prevedere clara care poate sa identifice cu exactitate locul livrarii/relivrarii 1Clauza sa prevada explicit ca o nava este in "time-charter" dupa efectuarea expertizei "ON HIRE" si iese din time charter dupa expertiza "OFF HIRE" 0Intrarea/iesirea din time-charter sa se faca conform prevederilor regulilor si reglementarilor BIMCO0

827 Ce trebuie sa contina un protest de mare cand se face extinderea lui?La extindere protestul de mare trebuie sa aiba acelasi continut ca la depunere 0Sa contina detalii referitoare la eforturile depuse de armator pentru punerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate 0Sa contina detalii referitoare la evenimentul pentru care s-a intocmit protestul de mare cat si o descriere amanuntita a eventualelor daune produse 1

828 Ce trebuie sa contina un protest de mare?Afirmatia ca nava este in buna stare de navigabilitate, descrierea evenimentului cat mai pe scurt posibil si rezervarea dreptului de a extinde protestul la locul si timpul care ii convine armatorului 1Afirmatia ca nava este in buna stare de navigabilitate, descrierea evenimentului cat mai explicit si rezervarea dreptului de extindere al protestului 0Continutul protestului va fi astfel incat sa satisfaca interesele tuturor participantilor la expeditia maritima 0

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829 Ce trebuie sa descrie comandantul navei la extinderea protestului de mare in cazul unei avarii comune?La extinderea protestului de mare comandantul va descrie detaliat modul cum a hotarat efectuarea de sacrificii voluntare in scopul salvarii comune 0La extinderea protestului se vor mentiona imprejurarile care au determinat actul de avarie comuna0La extinderea protestului de mare se vor descrie toate sacrificiile si /sau cheltuielile extraordinare rezultate in urma actului de avarie comuna 1

830 Ce trebuie sa se intocmeasca la bordul navei pentru ca armatorul asigurat sa beneficieze de despagubiri in cazul unor avarii?Comandantul sa intocmeasca si sa depuna protestul de mare 1Comandantul sa intocmeasca si sa depuna la autoritati o scrisoare de protest 0Sa faca dovada ca avariile sunt produse din cauza unei forte majore 0

831 Ce urmareste proprietarul navei in perioada cand nava este inchiriata in "Charter party BY DEMISE?Proprietarul navei punand nava disparent ownerului nu mai are competenta in urmarirea navei 0Proprietarul navei urmareste prin intermediul comandantului eficienta exploatarii navei 0Proprietarul prin experti tehnici face periodic o verificare tehnica a navei si instalatiilor 1

832 Ce valoare juridica are o scrisoare de garantie sau alte garantii date de incarcator pentru semnarea unor conosamente ce nu sunt in concordanta cu Mate's Receipt?

O scrisoare de garantie prin care incarcatorul se obliga sa despagubeasca pe caraus pentru orice pierdere rezultata din emiterea de catre caraus a unui conosament ce nu este in concordanta cu mate's receipt nu are nici un fel de valoare juridica. 1

O scrisoare de garantie sau alt gen de garantii date de incarcator exonereaza pe armator de orice eventuala reclamatie a primitorilor daca armatorul poate dovedi ca marfa nu s-a avariat pe parcursul voiajului. 0Nu au nici un fel de valoare juridica deoarece nu poate fi opusa nici fata de incarcatorul care a eliberato.

0

833 Ce variante ofera contractul GENCON 1994 in legatura cu plata navlului?Contractul ofera varianta de plata a navlului in avans sau plata in conformtate cu prevederile contractului de navlosire 0Contractul ofera varianta de plata a navlului anticipat si varianta de plata la livrare 1Navlul se va plati la livrarea marfurilor, la rata medie de schimb in ziua sau zilele platii. 0

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834 Cind este exonerat carausul si nava de orice raspundere pentru pierderi sau pagube produse marfurilor, conform regulilor de la Haga ?Daca nu a fost intentata o actiune de protest in termen de 1 an de la predarea marfurilor. 1Daca nu a fost intentata o actiune de protest in termen de 6 luni de la predarea marfurilor. 0Carausul si nava vor raspunde oricind si oriunde in fata primitorilor pentru integritatea cantitativa si calitativa a marfurilor. 0

835 Cind nu se aplica regulile de la Haga ?Regulile nu se aplica in situatiile cind partile nu au convenit in mod expres in contract asupra aplicarii lor.

0Regulile nu se aplica contactelor de navlosire Ch/P. 1Regulile nu se aplica contractelor in baza carora se efectueaza transport de marfuri cu eliberare de B/L.0

836 Cind se aplica regulile de la Haga ?Cind se executa un transport de marfuri pe mare numai pe baza de Ch/P si conosament. 0Cind se executa un transport de marfuri pe mare in baza unui contract ferm indiferent de felul acestui contract. 0Cind contractul de transport este probat printr-un conosament sau un document similar. 1

837 Cind se aplica regulile YORK-ANVERS unui contract?Totdeauna. 0Cind existenta contractului este probata de un conosament. 0Cind partile au convenit acest lucru prin contract. 1

838 Cind se elibereaza conosamentul conform regulilor de la Haga?Conosamentul se elibereaza conform cerintelor navlositorilor inscrise in Ch/P. 0Conosamentul se elibereaza dupa incarcarea marfurilor pe nava. 0Conosamentul se elibereaza dupa ce carausul, comandantul sau agentul carausului a luat in proprie grija marfurile. 1

839 Cine confirma din partea navei cele inserate de stivatori in raportul zilnic de lucru?Comandantul 0Timonierul de serviciu 0Ofiterul de serviciu sau secundul navei 1

840 Cine evidentiaza existenta contractului de transport in cazul navelor de linie?Conosamentul 1Charter party 0

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Charter party si conosamentul 0

841 Cine nominalizeaza compania de stivatori in transportul de linie?Stivatorii sunt nominalizati de armatorii navelor ce deservesc liniile in urma unor negocieri 1Stivatorii sunt nominalizati de autoritatile portuare conform uzantelor locale 0Stivatorii sunt nominalizati de reprezentantii marfurilor ce urmeaza a fi operate 0

842 Cine suporta costul combustibilului cand o nava este inchiriata in "BARE BOAT"?Armatorul 0Armatorul si navlositorul in proportii egale 0Disponent owner-ul 1

843 Cite zile de contrastalii sint admise in contractul GENCON 1994?Sint admise 10 zile lucratoare de contrastalii. 0Nu se face nici o precizare in acest sens 1Sint admise 15 zile consecutive de contrastalii. 0

844 Clauza "DHDATSBE" inseamna:"DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor pentru tot timpul salvat atat la incarcare cat si la descarcare 1"DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor dar numai pentru incarcare 0"DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor numai pentru timpul de lucru salvat atat la incarcare cat si la descarcare 0

845 Clauza "FDBE"inserata intr-un contract semnifica:Nu avem nici contrastalii nici timp economisit 0Fara despatch la incarcare 0Fara despatch atat la incarcare cat si la descarcare 1

846 Clauza DHDWTSBE inseamna:"DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor pentru tot timpul salvat atat la incarcare cat si la descarcare 0"DESPATCH-ul" va fi jumatate din valoarea contrastaliilor pentru timpul de lucru salvat atat la incarcare cat si la descarcare 1"DESPATCH-ul" nu conteaza nici la incarcare nici la descarcare 0

847 Clauza Hardship are drept scop:

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renegocierea contractului ca urmare a cresterii costurilor de exploatare ale navei aflta intr/un contract pe termen lung 0

renegocierea contractului in situatia in care conditiile de pe piata se schimba substantial 0

renegocierea contractului in situatia in care conditiile economice se schimba substantial si partile nu sint de acord ca partea care sufera pierderi poate rezilia contractul. 1

renegocierea contractului daca partea care sufera pierderi nu-si mai poate acoperi cheltuielile de exploatare a navei si exista riscul ca nava sa fie arestata 0

848 Comandantul navei va mai fi in legatura cu proprietarul navei pe perioada inchirierii in "BARE BOAT"?

Comandantul va fi in legatura numai cu disponent owner-ul 0

Va fi in contact si cu proprietarul navei ori de cate ori acesta solicita acest lucru 1

Comandantul va refuza informarea proprietarului acest lucru constituind o prerogativa a disponent owner-ului 0

849 Companiile de linie formeaza de obicei conferinte. In acest context notiunea de conferinta poate considerata ca fiind:

intruniri ale armatorilor si navlositorilor la care se dezbat probleme de interes la nivel mondial 0

structura capabila de a aduna toate companiile ce efectueaza transporturi intre anumite porturi si a constitui astfel o structura monolopista 1

o companie de navigatie ce efectueaza servicii de transport pe o anumita relatie deservita de mai multe companii de navigatie 0

intruniri ale organizatiilor armatorilor si incarcatorilor in care se dezbat probleme de interes comun0

850 Conform "VOYAGE CHARTE PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin expresia "X weather working days" (X weather working days of 24 hours; X weather working days of 24 consecutive hours)?

Vor conta ca stalii acele zile lucratoare de 24 de ore consecutive cu exceptia perioadelor in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile nu permit desfasurarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare, sau nu le-ar fi permis daca nava se afla sub operatiuni de incarcare/descarcare 1

Vor conta ca stalii zilele de 24 ore consecutive timpul socotindu-se de la ora 00.00 la ora 24.00 a fiecarei zile indiferent de vreme 0

Vor conta ca stalii acele zile lucratoare de 24 de ore consecutive cu exceptia perioadelor in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile sunt singurul motiv pentru care nu se desfasoara operatiunile de

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incarcare sau descarcare 0

851 Conform "VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin expresia "X days"(se mai folosesc X running days; X consecutive days)?In timpul de stalii sunt incluse toate zilele saptamanii fara a se tine seama de faptul ca o zi este sau nu zi lucratoare 1In timpul de stalii sunt incluse numai zilele lucratoare ale saptamanii care depind de uzul portului0Zilele de stalii se vor conta la rand dar nu se vor lua in calcul sarbatorile locale 0

852 Conform "VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin "X working days, weather permiting"?Vor conta ca stalii acele zile lucratoare cu exceptia perioadelor in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile nu permit desfasurarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare, sau nu le-ar fi permis daca nava se afla sub operatiuni de incarcare-descarcare 0

Se va exclude din timpul de stalii orice perioada de timp in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile impiedica efectiv desfasurarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare, vremea nefavorabila trebuie sa fie singurul motiv pentru care operatiunile respective nu se desfasoara 1

Vor conta ca stalii acele zile lucratoare cu exceptia perioadelor in care conditiile meteorologice nefavorabile nu permit desfasurarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare 0

853 Conform "VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin expresia "X clear days"?Staliile alocate sunt x zile consecutive incepand de la ora 12.00 din ziua imediat urmatoare in care s-a transmis NOR pana la ora 12 in ziua in care au expirat cele x zile allocate 0Staliile alocate sunt x zile consecutive incepand de la ora 00.00 din ziua imediat urmatoare in care s-a transmis NOR pana la ora 24 in ziua in care au expirat cele x zile alocate 1Staliile alocate sunt x zile consecutive incepand de la ora 00.00 din ziua in care s-a transmis NOR pana la ora 24 in ziua in care au expirat cele x zile alocate 0

854 Conform "VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY LAYTIME INTERPRETATION RULES 1993" ce se intelege prin expresia "X working days" (se mai folosesc X working days of 24 hours; X working days of 24 consecutive hours)?Vor conta ca stalii toate zilele indiferent ca sunt sau nu sarbatori locale 0In timpul de stalii sunt incluse toate zilele saptamanii fara a se tine seama de faptul ca o zi este sau nu zi lucratoare 0Vor conta ca stalii acele zile care nu sunt in mod expres excluse din stalii 1

855 Conform regulilor INCOTERMS 2000 care este conditia de livrare din grupa F recomandata in cazul in care marfurile se incarca pe o nava RO-RO

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FOB 0FAS 0FCA 1

856 Conform regulii de interpretare din regulile York Antwerp in situatia in care exista contradictii intre regulile literare si cele numerice se apeleaza la dreptul comun:

avaria comuna va fi reglementata in orice imprejurare in conformitate cu regulile numerice 0

in situatia in care partile au convenit prin contractul de navlosire sau prin conosament ca avaria comuna va fi reglementata in conformitate cu regula York-Anvers nu pot invoca dispozitii de ordin legislativ sau uzuri comerciale cand avaria nu este prevazuta in regulile I-XXII si avaria se reglementeaza in conformitate cu regulile literare 1

in situatia in care partile au convenit prin contractul de navlosire sau prin conosament ca avaria comuna va fi reglementata in conformitate cu regula York-Anvers pot invoca dispozitii de ordin legislativ sau uzuri comerciale cand avaria nu este prevazuta in regulile I-XXII si avaria se reglementeaza in conformitate cu prevederile dreptului comun 0

857 Contarea timpului de stalii este influentata de:Clauza cu privire la navlu 0Clauze cu privire la zilele de sarbatoare 1Clauze de razboi 0

858 Contractul de navlosire este documenttul prin care se reglementeaza drepturile si obligatiile:Armatorului si posesorului conosamentului 0Armatorului si navlositorului 1Armatorului si primitorului 0

859 Contractul de navlosire pe timp estecontractul prin care navlositorul inchiriaza nava pentru o perioada destul de lunga 0contractul prin care navlositorul se angajeaza sa plateasca armatorului o chirie zilnica pentru utilizarea navei asa cum doreste 0contractul dintre armator si navlositor prin care navlositorul inchiriaza nava si serviciile echipajului pe o perioada determinata sau nedeterminata 1contractul prin care armatorul cedeaza in schimbul unei sume de bani numita chirie gestiunea nautical si comerciala a navei pentru o perioada determinate de timp 0

860 Contrastaliile incep sa conteze:Dupa ce comandantul i-a informat pe navlositori ca nava se afla in contrastalii 0Imediat ce au expirat staliile 1Imediat ce au expirat staliile daca acestea expira intr-o zi lucratoare 0

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861 Contrastaliile nu se conteaza daca:Daca nava face reparatii la capacele magaziilor in care deja s-a finalizat incarcarea 0Daca nava a fost scoasa in rada de catre autoritatile portuare pentru a astepta diferenta de marfa ce urmeaza a se incarca 0Daca nava face reparatii la capacele magaziei in care ar fi trebuit sa se efectueze operatiuni de incarcare

1

862 Corporatia Lloyds’ este: cea mai mare societate de asigurare din lume 0o companie care acorda support logistic sindicatelor Lloyds, ce activeaza pe piata asigurarilor 1atit o mare firma de asigurari cit si o bursa de asigurari 0este o cafenea in care se intilnesc comerciantii si asiguratorii 0

863 Cui se aplica prevederile Conventiei pentru Securitatea Containerelor?Containerelor utilizate in transport naval 0Containerelor destinate transportului naval, feroviar sau auto si transportului combinat intre acesta1Containerelor utilizate in transportul naval si auto 0

864 Cui se subordoneaza comandantul cand nava este in "time-charter"?Comandantul se subordoneaza din toate punctele de vedere navlositorului 0Comandantul se subordoneaza armatorului cu exceptia cazurilor litigioase in legatura cu aspectul comercial al voiajului cand se subordoneaza navlositorului 0Din punct de vedere legal/administrativ Comandantul se subordoneaza armatorului iar din punct de vedere comercial navlositorului 1

865 Cum este definita avaria comuna conform "Regulii A" (YORK-ANVERS)?Avaria comuna este orice avarie care are loc in imprejurari fortuite, avind drept cauza forta majora.0

Un act de avarie comuna exista cind, si numai atunci cind se fac sau se suporta in mod intentionat si rational sacrificii sau cheltuieli extraordinare pentru siguranta comuna, in sensul de a pune la adapost de pericol bunurile implicate intr-o expeditie maritima comuna 1

"Avaria comuna exista cind si numai atunci cind are loc un act voit si constient al comandantului si/sau al echipajului in scopul salvarii marfurilor de la bordul navei de o forta majora." 0

866 Cum influenteaza modalitatea de angajare a navei valoarea navlului?Angajarea FIOS trebuie sa mareasca valoarea navlului 0Valoarea navlului nu este influentata de modalitatea de angajare a navei 0Angajarea FIOS scade valoarea navlului, costul incarcarii/descarcarii fiind suportat de navlositor 1

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867 Cum poate actiona comandantul pentru grabirea operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare?Comandantul nu are mijloace pentru accelerarea acestor operatiuni 0Prin informarea armatorului 0Prin scrisori de protest adresate celor interesati cand operatiunile se prelungesc 1

868 Cum poate exploata nava un "disponent owner" in perioada cand o are in "BARE BOAT"?Poate exploata nava in" voyage charter" ,"time charter" dar nu o poate exploata in "BARE BOAT"1Poate exploata nava cu orice tip de contract doreste 0Daca contractul nu prevede altfel poate exploata nava numai in "voyage charter" si cu acordul armatorului in Time Charter 0

869 Cum poate fi depusa semnatura pe conosament conform regulilor de la HAMBURG?Semnatura depusa pe conosament poate fi scrisa numai de mina. 0Poate fi scrisa de mina sau prin stampilare 0Poate fi scrisa de mina, tiparita in facsimil, aplicata prin perforare sau stampilare, se poate prezenta sub forma de simbol sau sa fie aplicata prin orice mijloace mecanice sau electronice, legale. 1

870 Cum procedeaza o banca atunci cand primeste conosamente cu clauze restrictive?Banca efectueaza platile si tine raspunzator pe incarcare pentru eventualele nereguli fata de primitor0In astfel de cazuri bancile au obligatia sa refuze primirea unui astfel de conosament si sa ceara instructiuni ordonatorului de credit 1O banca nu are competenta de a face referiri la un conosament clauzat de catre comandant 0

871 Cum se aplica clauza "pe gura de magazie pe zi" (PER HATCH PER DAY)?Timpul de stalii va fi calculat prin inmultirea normei de incarcare/descarcare a marfii cu numarul gurilor de magazie ale navei si impartind apoi cantitatea de marfa la rezultatul produsului. 1Timpul de stalii se calculeaza prin impartirea cantitatii de marfa continuta de magazia cea mai mare la norma zilnica de incarcare stabilita prin contract. 0Timpul de stalii va depinde de cit se opereaza zilnic pe fiecare magazie conform uzurilor portului.0

872 Cum se calculeaza staliile/contrastaliile/despatch-ul la navele de linie?Se calculeaza conform clauzelor inserate in contract 0In transportul de linie nu se calculeaza stalii, contrastalii sau despatch 1Se calculeaza conform uzurilor portuare 0

873 Cum se defineste "Notice-ul de sosire" (NOTICE OF READINESS)?Documentul intocmit de armator si inminat navlositorului prin care se aduce la cunostinta ca nava a sosit la dana fiind gata de operatiuni. 0

Notificarea adresata navlositorului, incarcatorului, primitorului sau altei persoane dupa cum prevede contractul, ca nava a sosit in port sau la dana dupa cum este cazul si este gata sa incarce/descarce.1

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Documentul intocmit de ofiterul maritim I si inminat autoritatilor portuare prin care se afirma ca nava este sosita este gata de incarcare(descarcare) si poate incepe incarcarea intr-o anumita perioada de timp. 0

874 Cum se defineste asigurarea CASCO ?Este contractul prin care armatorul unei nave stipuleaza cu un tert, ca pe baza platii unei prime, acesta sa-i plateasca o indemnizatie sau despagubire daca nava se pierde sau avariaza. 1Este contractul prin care armatorul unei nave stipuleaza cu un tert sa fie despagubit pentru orice daune sau avarii la nava, marfa sau echipaj, contra unei prime de asigurare. 0Asigurarea marfurilor si echipajului este asigurarea CASCO. 0

875 Cum se defineste caracterul consensual al contractelor de vanzare cumparare internationala?Caracterul consensual stabileste un raport juridic bazat pe acordul de vointa a ambelor parti 1Caracterul consensual inseamna acordul partilor pentru realizarea scopului comercial pentru care s-a incheiat contractul 0Caracterul consensual inseamna acordul vanzatorului si cumparatorului pentru rezolvarea unor eventuale litigii prin arbitraj international 0

876 Cum se defineste caracterul translativ de proprietati al contractului de vanzare internationala?Vanzatorul transporta marfurile catre cumparator in concordanta cu clauzele inserate in mod consensual in contract 0Marfurile se transfera cumparatorului ramanand in proprietatea vanzatorului pana la acceptarea lor de catre cumparator 0Vanzatorul se obliga sa livreze marfurile in cantitatea si calitatea stabilita si sa-I transfere cumparatorului dreptul de proprietate cu toate prerogativele sale 1

877 Cum se defineste expresia "zile lucratoare" (WORKING DAYS)?Zile lucratoare inseamna o zi de 24 de ore in care conform calendarului BIMCO nu se excepta nici-o parte(ti) din acea zi. 0Inseamna zile sau parte(ti) din zi, care nu sint in mod expres excluse din stalii de catre contractul de navlosire si care nu sint sarbatori. 1Sint definite conform celor inscrise in uzul portului. 0

878 Cum se defineste functia conosamentului de dovada a preluarii marfurilor spre transport?Conforma acesteia mafurile inscrise in conosament au fost incarcate la bordul navei sau au fost preluate spre incarcare. 0Conosamentul este o dovada la prima vedere ca marfurrile au fost preluate sau incarcate la bord in cantitatea si starea si conditia aparenta mentionata in conosament 1

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Conosamentul este o dovada imposibil de necontestat ca marfurrile au fost preluate sau incarcate la bord in cantitatea si starea si conditia aparenta mentionata in conosament 0

879 Cum se defineste functia conosamentului de titlu de credit reprezentativ al marfurilor?Orice posesor al conosamentului poate vinde sau transferea proprietatea asupra marfurilor, le poate depune drept garantie sau poate ob'ine credite chiar daca marfurile se afla pe mare 0

Cind este nominativ poate circula prin girare (andosare). 0

Proprietarul legitim al conosamentului poate vinde sau transferea proprietatea asupra marfurilor, le poate depune drept garantie sau poate obtine credite chiar daca marfurile se afla pe mare 1

880 Cum se defineste un "conosament curat" (CLEAN BILL OF LADING)?Un conosament in care agentul a inscris toate clauze prevazute in instructiunile de deschiderea acreditivului. 0Un conosament care sa nu contina clauze prin care sa se mentionere ca marfurile au fost incarcate fara a fi in stare si conditie aparent buna sau fara a fi in cantitatea mentionata. 1Conosamentul fara rezerve ale comandantului in ceea ce priveste starea marfurilor incarcate. 0

881 Cum se defineste vinzarea internationala?Vinzarea internationala reprezinta un ansamblu de activitati legate de transportul unor marfuri de la un proprietar la un cumparator, avind sediul intr-o alta tara. 0Reprezinta totalitatea activitatilor economice care au ca scop realizarea de operatiuni comerciale internationale privind circulatia marfurilor de la vinzator la cumparator in concordanta cu contractul incheiat. 1Transferarea unor marfuri de la vinzator la cumparator in concordanta cu acordul lor si uzantele uniforme internationale. 0

882 Cum se interpreteaza termenul "EXCEPTED" sau "EXCLUDED" inserat intr-un contract?Inseamna ca zilele specificate nu vor conta ca stalii indiferent daca se opereaza sau nu 1Inseamna zile de sarbatoare excluse de la curgerea staliilor 0Inseamna zile excluse de la contrastalii si timp economisit 0

883 Cum se intocmeste protestul de mare in cazul unei avarii comune?La fel ca si in cazul unei avarii particulare 0In plus fata de avaria particulara se declara de catre comandant in cuprinsul protestului avaria comuna1Se alatura protestului de mare raportul de expertiza al dispasorului, denumit dispasa 0

884 Cum se numeste Conventia internationala care stabileste formele de securitate a containerelor in transportul maritim?Conventia internationala pentru Transportul Marfurilor in Containere 0Conventia pentru Transportul Marfurior in Siguranta 0Conventia internationala pentru Securitatea Containerelor 1

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885 Cum se numeste documentul prin care se rezerva spatiu pe o nava de linie?BOOKING NOTE 1Contract de navlosire 0Cerere de spatiu 0

886 Cum se plateste chiria in cazul unui contract "BARE BOAT"?Chiria se plateste cand disparent owmer-ul dispune de sumele necesare 0Chiria se plateste anticipat la termeni prevazuti prin contract 1Chiria se plateste la fiecare zece zile calendaristice 0

887 Cum vor incepe sa conteze staliile conform contractului GENCON 1994 functie de inaintarea NOR?Daca NOR s-a transmis in zilele lucratoare in timpul orelor oficiale de birou pana la ora 12.00, staliile incep sa conteze in aceeasi zi de la ora 13.00, iar daca NOR s-a transmis, in zilele lucratoare in orele oficiale de birou, dupa ora 12.00 staliile incep sa conteze din ziua urmatoare neexeptata, de la ora 07.00

0Daca NOR s-a transmis in zilele lucratoare in timpul orelor oficiale de birou pana la ora 12.00, staliile incep sa conteze in aceeasi zi de la ora 13.00, iar daca NOR s-a transmis, in zilele lucratoare in orele oficiale de birou, dupa ora 12.00 staliile incep sa conteze din ziua urmatoare neexeptata, de la ora 06.00

1Daca NOR s-a transmis in zilele lucratoare in timpul orelor oficiale de birou pana la ora 12.00, staliile incep sa conteze in aceeasi zi de la ora 14.00, iar daca NOR s-a transmis, in zilele lucratoare in orele oficiale de birou, dupa ora 12.00 staliile incep sa conteze din ziua urmatoare neexeptata, de la ora 08.000

888 Cum vor incepe sa conteze staliile in contractele de navlosire de pe piata produselor petroliere?Staliile vor incepe sa conteze la 6 ore dupa ce nava este gata, din toate punctele de vedere, de incarcare sau descarcare si NOR a fost transmis 1Staliile vor incepe sa conteze la 12 ore dupa ce nava este gata, din toate punctele de vedere, de incarcare sau descarcare si NOR a fost transmis 0

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Staliile vor incepe sa conteze la 8 ore dupa ce nava este gata, din toate punctele de vedere, de incarcare sau descarcare si NOR a fost transmis 0

889 Daca avem conosamentul marcat cu clauza "freight to be paid 95% in 5 B/D AFFER S/R of Bs/L" si dupa cele 5 zile bancare navlul nu a fost platit ce va face armatorul?Daca dupa cele 5 zile bancare prevazute in conosament navlul nu a fost platit, armatorul va da notificarile ce se impun dupa care poate sa-si exercite dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor 1Dupa, cele 5 zile prevazute in conosament armatorul poate sa-si exercite dreptul de retentie 0Armatorul este obligat sa astepte plata navlului pana in ultimul port de descarcare 0

890 Daca dupa rata de incarcare sau descarcare de "1000metric tons per weather working days SSHEX" se foloseste expresia "unless used" atunci:Timpul utilizat inainte de inceperea staliilor se va conta ca stalii 0Zilele de sarbatoare nu se vor conta ca stalii chiar daca se lucreaza in aceasta perioada 0In zilele de sambata si duminica se vor conta ca stalii doar perioadele de timp in care se lucreaza efectiv1

891 Daca expertii tehnici ai armatorului gasesc la inspectiile tehnice grave probleme, cand nava este inchiriata in CH/P BY DEMISE, atunci:Armatorul nu are competenta legala sa ia masuri 0Armatorul va da in judecata navlositorul 0Va soma navlositorul sa remedieze imediat defectiunile constatate sau in situatii grave va rezilia contractul 1

892 Daca in contractul de navlosire se mentioneaza ca nava va incarca un anume tip de marfa atunci:Navlositorul poate incarca orice alta marfa care necesita o capacitate volumetrica cel mult egala cu cea a marfii mentionate in contract 0Navlositorul trebuie sa incarce acea marfa mentionata in contract, aflata in starea si conditia mentionata in contract sau in conformitate cu uzul portului respectiv 1Navlositorul poate incarca doar marfuri similare cu marfa mentionata in contract si aflate in starea si conditia uzuala din portul de incarcare 0

893 Daca in contractul de navlosire se mentioneaza nivelul contrastaliilor ca fiind 3000 per day si navlositorul depaseste perioada de stalii cu 2 zile 3 ore si 36 minute atunci aceasta datoreaza armatorului:6000$ USD 06450$ USD 09000 USD 1

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894 Daca in situatia in care o nava depune toate diligentele pentru a ajunge in portul de incarcare inainte de expirarea datei de reziliere si totusi nava constanta ca nu poate ajunge pina la acea data si il informeaza pe navlositor despre acest lucru navlositorul este obligat conform GENCON 1994 sa raspunda daca accepta sau prelungirea contractului in termen de 24 de ore de la primirea notificarii 048 de ore de la primirea notificarii 172 de ore de la primirea notificarii 0

895 Daca intr-un conosament la rubrica "Portul de descarcare" se inscrie din greseala "Bucuresti" atunci:armatorul are obligatia de a transporta marfa doar pina in Constanta deoarece Bucuresti nu este port0armatorul are obligatia de a transporta marfa pina in cel mai apropiat port de Bucuresti 0armatorul este responsabil pentru transport marfurilor pina la destinatia finala Bucuresti 1armatorul poate cere posesorului conosamnetului sa platesca orice suma de bani pe care armatorul o plateste suplimentar pentru transportul marfii la destinatia finala 0

896 Daca intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp gasiti expresia „delivery APS Constanta”aceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ia pilot la bord si se indreapta catre portul Constanta 0aceasta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care debarca pilotul la iesirea din portul Constanta 0aceasta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care ajunge in locul din care se ia uzual pilot pentru a intra in portul Constanta 1acesta inseamna ca nava se considera livrata la trecerea travers de Constanta 0

897 Daca intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp gasiti expresia „delivery DLOSP” urmata de numele unui port in care se folosesc 2 servicii de pilotaj: de mare si de riuacesta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care debarca primul pilot folosit pentru manevra de iesire a navei din portul respective 0acesta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care debarca ultimul pilot maritim folosit pina la iesirea in marea libera 1aceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ajunge in locul din care se ia uzual pilot pentru a intra in portul respectiv 0aceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ia la bord primul pilot pentru a intra in portul respectiv 0

898 Daca intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp gasiti expresia „delivery DOP Constanta”aceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ia pilot la bord si se indreapta catre una din danele portului Constanta 0

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acesta inseamna ca nava se considera livrata la trecerea travers de Constanta 0aceasta inseamna ca nava va fi livrata in momentul in care ajunge in locul din care se ia uzual pilot pentru a intra in portul Constanta 0aceasta inseamna ca nava se va considera livrata in momentul in care debarca pilotul la iesirea din portul Constanta 1

899 Daca la rubrica ”consignee” a unui conosament este inscris numele unei firme atunci acest conosament este:conosament nominativ 1conosament la ordin 0conosament la purtator 0conosament la primitor 0

900 Daca marfa nu a sosit in port si ea a fost ferm angajata pe o nava de linie cum va proceda comandantul?Nava va astepta sosirea marfii pentru a nu plati "SHORT SHIPPED" 0Nava va incarca numai marfurile sosite cand le va veni randul conform cargoplanului exonerand pe navlositor de orice plata 0Daca marfurile angajate nu au sosit la incarcare cand sunt cerute de comandant se va trece peste el si se va pretinde navlu mort 1

901 Daca navlositorul nu raspunde unei notificari corecte de intirziere a navei peste data de reziliere a contractului in termen de 48 de ore de la primirea ei atunci conform GENCON 1994: Noua data de reziliere a contractului este stabilita la 7 zile de la data transmiterii notificarii 0Noua data de reziliere a contractului este stabilita la 7 zile de la noua data estimata de sosire a navei avizata de armatori 1Noua data de reziliere a contractului este stabilita la 7 zile data de reziliere a contractului mentionata in contract 0

902 Daca o nava angajata pe baza expresiei "1000 metric tons per working day weather permitting SSHEX" transmite corect NOR la ancorare si apoi asteapta o anumita perioada de timp in rada inainte de a intra in port atunci:Perioadele de timp petrecute in rada portului in care ploua nu se conteaza ca stalii 1Perioadele de timp petrecute in port, cu suficienta marfa la cheu, in care nu se lucreaza pentru ca ploua se conteaza ca stalii 0Perioadele de timp, in care nava nu lucreaza datorita faptului ca instalatiile de cheu nu functioneaza si in care ploua se conteaza ca stalii 0

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903 Daca o nava are deadweight-ul net de 5200 tone ce implicatii are inscrierea acestuia intr-un contract de navlosire pentru o nava angajata sa incarce 5000 tone 5% mai mult sau mai putin in optiunea navlositorului?Nava trebuie sa incarce cel putin o cantitate de marfa egala cu deadweight-ul brut al navei 0Armatorul trebuie sa aprovizioneze nava cu apa potabila si combustibil astfel incat in momentul finalizarii operatiunilor de incarcare nava sa poata incarca cel putin 5200 de tone 1Nava trebuie sa fie capabila sa incarce pana la 5250 de tone deoarece armatorul a acceptat acest lucru prin contract 0

904 Daca printr-un contract de navlosire s-au agreat stalii reversibile atunci:Timpul de stalii alocat pentru incarcare se aduna cu timpul de stalii alocat pentru descarcare si apoi se efectueaza calculele 1Se efectueaza calcule separate pentru porturile de incarcare si descarcare si se compenseaza timpul salvat intr-un port cu cel folosit in alt port 0Timpul utilizat suplimentar in portul de incarcare se scade din timpul de stalii alocat in portul de descarcare 0

905 Daca un tanc petrolier este angajat la nivelul WS80, si conform WORLD SCALE navlul intre doua porturi este de 18$ USD pe tona atunci navlul unitar pe care il va primi armatorul este:18$ USD 021,6$ USD 014,4$ USD 1

906 De cate feluri sunt asigurarile "CASCO" din punct de vedere al duratei contractului de asigurare?Acopera un singur voiaj 0Acopera numai o perioada de timp 0Pot fi intocmite fie pe voiaj fie pe timp 1

907 De ce navlositorii in anumite cazuri refuza sa plateasca tot navlul anticipat?Pentru ca la finalizarea contractului in cazul ca se produc avarii la marfa, sa aiba o suma de unde sa fie despagubiti 0Pentru a plati un bonus pentru bune servicii comandantului si sefului mechanic 0Pentru a avea o suma din care va opri cat este necesar in eventualitatea ca dupa intocmirea time-sheet-ului va rezulta dispatch 1

908 De cine poate fi semnat un conosament conform regulilor de la Hamburg?Numai de comandantul navei pe care se transporta marfurile. 0De catre orice persoana care a primit imputernicirea armatorului. 1De catre comandantul navei sau orice alt ofiter de la bordul navei. 0

909 De cine sunt reglementate avariile comune?

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De regulile YORK - ANVERS 1De regulile YORK-ANVERS si HAGA 0De regulile de la Hamburg 0

910 De cite feluri sint asigurarile maritime ?Cargo si Casco. 0Cargo, Casco si P and I. 1Cargo , P and I, F.P.A. si W.P.A. 0

911 Despatch-ul se platesteIntotdeauna deoarece stivatorii trebuie premiati pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare inaintea expirarii staliilor 0Ori de cate ori prin contractul de navlosire se stabilesc contrastalii 0Doar daca in contractul de navlosire exista o prevedere in acest sens 1

912 Din ce se compun regulile YORK-ANVERS 1974?Din 22 de reguli numerotate cu cifre romane. 0

Dintr-o regula de interpretare, 7 reguli numerotate cu litere si 22 de reguli numerotate cu cifre romane.

1Din mai multe reguli care pot fi completate dupa caz cu prevederi specifice fiecarui transport pe mare.0

913 Dintr-un contract de vanzare cumparare internationala nu pot lipsi:Clauzele privind curgerea staliilor 0Clauze privind determinarea calitatii si cantitatii marfurilor livrate 1Clauze de greva, razboi si inghet 0

914 Disponent owner-ul din contractul de BAREBOAT poate numi comandant?In lipsa unei prevederi contrare nomineaza totdeauna comandantul 1Nu are aceasta competenta legala 0Daca are acordul proprietarului poate numi commandant 0

915 Disponent owner-ul se poate imprumuta la banca garantand cu nava?Disponent owner-ul se poate imprumuta la banca si sa garanteze cu nava in orice situatie 0Nu poate garanta imprumuturi cu nava deoarece nu este proprietarul ei 1Poate garanta cu nava daca valoarea navlului incasat in viitoarea calatorie are valoare mai mare decat nava 0

916 Documentul utilizat in transportul multimodal conform Conventiei Internationale referitoare la transportul modal se numeste :

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Multimodal transport document; 1Multimodal transport Bill of Lading 0Through Bill of Lading? 0

917 Dupa ce criterii se apreciaza caracterul restrictiv al mentiunilor facute de comandant pe conosament?In aprecierea caracterului restrictiv al mentiunilor facute pe conosament trebuie sa se aibe in vedere daca sunt afectate interesele vanzatorului 0Se are in vedere ca mentiunile sa nu afecteze navlositorul navei 0In aprecierea caracterului restrictiv al mentiunilor facute pe conosament trebuie sa se aiba in vedere daca sunt afectate interesele cumparatorului 1

918 Dupa modul de intocmire conosamentele pot fi:Conosamente la ordin si conosamente directe 0Conosamente nominative, la ordin si la purtator 1Conosamente cu transbordare si conosamente "ON BOARD" 0

919 Explicati denumirea conventionala"Seaworthy packing".Ambalaj solid 0Ambalaj executat cu masini speciale protejate cu folie de polietilena pentru a preveni patrunderea apei de mare 0Ambalaj corespunzator marfurilor transportate pe mare 1

920 Expresia "100% after signing but Before releasing of Bs/L" inserata intr-un contract inseamna:

Ca navlul se va plati in intregime dupa semnarea conosamentelor dar inainte de eliberarea lor 1Ca navlul se va plati in intregime dupa semnarea conosamentelor 0Plata navlului dupa semnarea conosamentelor si inmanarea lor comandantului 0

921 Expresia "95%in…..B/D after S/R of Bs/L" inserata intr-un contract inseamna:Ca navlul se va plati in proportie de 95% intr-un numar de zile consecutive dupa semnarea si eliberarea conosamentului 0Navlul se va plati in proportie de 95% dupa un anumit numar de zile bancare dupa semnarea si eliberarea conosamentelor 195% din navlu se va plati dupa semnarea, eliberarea conosamentelor 0

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922 Expresia "customony quickest deasptch" inserata intr-un contract semnifica:Ca nava va opera conform clauzelor inscrise in mod consensual in contract 0Ca nava va opera cat de repede posibil in circumstantele locale 1Ca nava va opera cat de repede poate ponta marfa, echipajul 0

923 In afara de situatia cind navlositorul plateste muncitorii necesari pe cheu si nava incarca marfurile la bord, ce alta stipulatie mai este inscrisa in GENCON 1994 in legatura cu cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare ?

FIOST - Marfa va fi adusa in hambare, incarcata, stivuita si rujata si luata din hambare si descarcata de navlositori sau agentii lor, libera de orice risc, responsabilitati sau cheltuiala din partea armatorului.1

Marfa va fi incarcata, stivuita si rujata cind e cazul pe cheltuiala si riscul armatorului si descarcata pe cheltuiala si riscul navlositorului. 0

Marfa va fi incarcata, stivuita si rujata pe cheltuiala vinzatorului. 0

924 In afara de stalii reversibile cum se mai pot calcula staliile?

Pentru fiecare port conform normei de incarcare/descarcare 1Stalii calculate conform uzurilor si practicilor locale 0Stalii calculate conform contractului de vanzare cumparare 0

925 In cadrul asigurarilor maritime pierderea partiala esteo pierdere aparuta in cadrul avariei comune 0o pierdere aparuta ca urmare a unui pericol maritim 0orice pierdere, alta decit o pierdere totala 1orice pierdere in care nava exista, dar cheltuielile de reparatie sunt atit de mari incit este mai bine sa se renunte la nava 0

926 In care din urmatoarele clauze cu privire la ambalaj contravaloarea ambalajului este inclusa in pretul marfii?Netto 0Netto plus ambalaj 0Bruto/netto 1

927 In care din urmatoarele conditii de livrare raspunderea trece de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile au depasit copastia navei in portul de incarcare?FOB 1DDU 0DEQ 0

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928 In care din urmatoarele conditii de livrare raspunderea trece de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile au depasit copastia navei in portul de incarcare?FOB 0CIF 1DES 0

929 In care din urmatoarele situatii se poate presupune ca un comandant poate actiona ca agent din necesitate al proprietarului marfurilor?Nava are bord marfuri perisabile 0

Nava are la bord marfuri perisabile si instalatiile frigorifice nu functioneaza 0

Nava are la bord marfuri perisabile, instalatiile frigorifice nu functioneaza si nu se poate lua legatura cu incarcatorul pentru instructiuni 0

Nava are la bord marfuri perisabile, instalatiile frigorifice nu functioneaza si nu poate lua legatura cu navlositorul pentru a obtine instructiuni 1

930 In cate copii nenegociabile se elibereaza un conosament?Numarul de copii nenegociabile sunt indicate de agentul navei 0Copiile nenegociabile se pot intocmi in atatea exemplare cate sunt necesare partilor ce participa la expeditia maritima 1Se pot elibera numai 3 copii nenegociabile 0

931 In cazul contractelor de navlosire pe timp riscurile intirzierii navei datorita conditiilor meteorogice nefavorabile, grevelor din porturi sau congestiei porturilor de escala:apartin armatorilor 0apartin navlositorilor 1se impart intre armatori si navlositori 0se stabileste cui apartin doar dupa ce se analizeaza foarte bine contractul 0

932 in cazul contractelor de navlosire pe voiaje consecutivearmatorul va primi navlul in functie de numarul teoretic de voiaje consecutive ce pot fi efectuate de nava 0armatorul va primi navlul pentru fiecare voiaj efectuat de nava 1armatorul va primi navlul atit in functie de numarul de voiaje efectuate de nava cit si in functie de durata aceastora 0armatorul va primi navlul in functie de durata voiajelor efectuate de nava 0

933 In cazul in care armatorul incarca incorect marfuri pe punte atunci:Armatorul se poate baza in continuare pe conventiile de limitare a responsabilitatilor 0Armatorul este responsabil doar pentru acele avarii pentru care poate fi considerat vinovat 0

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Armatorul este responsabil pentru orice avarie a marfurilor indiferent de cauza care a produs-o 1

934 in cazul in care comandantul unei nave aflata intr-un contract de bareboat, si exploatata pe baza unui contract de navlosire pe timp si a unui contract de navlosire pe voiaj, semneaza conosamentele atuncicel mai probabil se va considera ca navlositorul din contractul de bareboat este caraus 1cel mai probabil se va considera ca armatorul navei este caraus 0

cel mai probabil se va considera ca navlositorul din contractul de navlosire pe timp este caraus 0cel mai probabil se va considera ca navlositorul din contractul de navlosire pe voiaj este caraus 0

935 In cazul in care marfurile sunt incarcate pe punte pe riscul incarcatorului atunci:Armatorul nu este responsabil daca marfurile se pierd indiferent de cauza din care acestea se pierd0Armatorul este responsabil daca marfurile se pierd datorita lipsei bunei stari de navigabilitate a navei1Armatorul este responsabil daca marfurile se avariaza din orice cauza 0

936 In cazul in care o nava incarca marfuri in stare si conditie aparent buna si la destinatie marfurile ajung in aceeasi stare si conditie aparent buna, dar depreciate calitativ:este datoria armatorului sa demonstreze ca marfurile nu s/au avariat din vina sa 0armatorul este responsabil in orice imprejurare 0armatorul nu poate fi in nici un caz responsabil deoarece marfa a fost livrata in aceeasi stare si contie aparenta in care a fost incarcata 0armatorul poate fi responsabil daca posesorul conosamentului demonstreaza ca marfurile au fost avariate din vina armatorului 1

937 In cazul in care o nava incarca marfuri in stare si conditie aparent buna si la destinatie marfurile sosesc fara a mai fi in aceeasi stare si conditie aparent bunaarmatorul este responsabil daca nu demonstreaza ca marfurile nu s-au avariat din vina sa 1armatorul este responsabil in orice imprejurare 0armatorul nu poate fi responsabil deoarece marfa era avariata inainte de incarcare si armatorul nu a observat acest lucru 0armatorul poate fi responsabil daca posesorul conosamentului demonstreaza ca marfurile au fost avariate din vina armatorului 0

938 In cazul in care o nava soseste la destinatie cu o parte din marfuri avariate din vina armatorului atunci:Navlositorul este indreptatit sa compenseze contravaloarea avariilor cu o parte din navlu si sa plateasca diferenta armatorului 0Navlositorul trebuie sa plateasca navlul armatorului fara nici un fel de reduceri 1

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Navlositorul plateste navlul integral doar pentru marfa sosita in conditii bune si diferenta o pastreaza ca garantie 0

939 In cazul unor avarii urmate de pierderea bunei stari de navigabilitate a navei cand nava este navlosita in "charter party by demise", cine va suporta reparatiile si va repune nava in buna stare de navigabilitate.Disponent owner-ul 1Proprietarul navei 0Atat disponent owner-ul cat si proprietarul navei 0

940 In ce conditii un comandant va semna un conosament marcat "DUPLICAT"?Comandantul va semna un astfel de conosament daca primeste ordin de la armator 0Nu se vor semna conosamente marcate "duplicat" 1Se vor semna numai cu acordul navlositorului 0

941 In ce conventie se vorbeste despre continutul minim obligatoriu al unui conosament?Regulile de la HAGA 0Regulile Haga Visby 0Regulile de la Hamburg 1

942 In ce situatii este obligat comandantul sa livreze marfurile la destinatie?Dupa acostarea navei si finalizarea controalelor de rutina 0Dupa ce a primit din partea vamii permisul vamal 0Cand a fost prezentat de catre incarcatorii conosamentul original 1

943 in ceea ce priveste forma conosamentului: este obligatoriu ca acesta sa fie identic cu modelele aprobate de BIMCO 0este obligatoriu ca acesta sa fie intr-o forma acceptata de armator 0nu exista nici un fel de restrictii asupra formei conosamanetului 1este obligatoriu sa fie tiparit pe o pagina A4 0

944 In cite exemplare originale se emite un conosament?In oricate exemplare cu singura conditie ca numarul conosamentelor originale sa fie mentionat in conosament. 1Totdeauna se elibereaza 2 (doua) conosamente originale. 0Numarul de conosamente originale este de 3 (trei) indiferent de cerintele incarcatorului. 0

945 in contractele de navlosire intelesul expresiei ”full and complete cargo”este acela de marfa care ocupa volumul total al magaziilor navei sau conduce la utilizarea intregii capacitati de incarcare a navei 0

este acela de marfa, care stivuita corect ocupa volumul total al magaziilor navei sau conduce la utilizarea intregii capacitati de incarcare a navei 1

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este acela de marfa ce satisface deadweight-ul net al navei 0

este acela de marfa, care stivuita corect ocupa volumul total al magaziilor navei si conduce la utilizarea intregii capacitati de incarcare a navei 0

946 In contul cui sunt taxele de tranzitare prin canale/stramtori cand o nava este in time charter?Taxele de tranzitare prin stramtori/canale sunt in sarcina armatorului indiferent de forma de navlosire0

Taxele de tranzitare prin stramtori/canale sunt platite atat de armator cat si de navlositor in proportii egale conform prevederilor contractului 0

Taxele de tranzitare prin canale/stramtori sunt platite numai de navlositor pe toata durata time-charter-ului 1

947 In general despagubirile pentru riscurile de coliziune sunt acoperite:in proportie de 100 % de asiguratorii H&M 0in proportie de 80% de asiguratii H & M si 20% de asiguratorii P&I 0in proportie de 75 % de asiguratii H & M si 25% de asiguratorii P&I 1in proportie de 75 % de asiguratorii P&I si de 25 % de asiguratorii H&M 0

948 In lipsa unei prevederi contractuale navlul se plateste:Pe cantitatea de marfa incarcata 0Pe cantitatea de marfa descarcata 0Pe cea mai mica dintre cantitatile incarcat-transportata-livrata 1

949 In lipsa unei prevederi contrare navlul se plateste:Pe greutatea bruta 1Pe greutatea teoretica 0Pe greutatea neta 0

950 In lipsa unor prevederi contrare in conosament:transbordarea marfurilor este permisa in anumite imprejurari 0este interzis a se efectua operatiunea de transbordare a marfurilor 1transbordarea este permisa doar daca se efectueaza in porturi bine cunoscute de transbordare 0transbordarea este permisa cit timp armatorul garanteaza sosirea in timp a marfurilor la destinatie0

951 In lipsa unor prevederi contrare in contractul de navlosire navlul se considera castigat

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La sosirea navei in rada portului de destinatie 0Pe masura ce marfa este descarcata din nava 1La semnarea si eliberarea conosamentului 0

952 In lipsa unor prevederi contrare, armatorul unei nave angajate de catre navlositor pentru a incarca marfa din 3 porturi si a o descarca in 2 porturi, trebuie sa transmita NOR:Doar in primul port de incarcare 0In fiecare port de escala a navei 1Doar in porturi de descarcare 0

953 In lipsa unor prevederi contrare, armatorul unei nave angajate de catre un navlositor pentru a incarca marfa din 3 porturi si a o descarca in 2 porturi, trebuie sa transmita NOR:in fiecare port de escala al navei 0doar in primul port de incarcare 1doar in primul port de incarcare si in primul port de descarcare 0doar in porturile de incarcare 0

954 In mod normal armatorul poate accepta una din urmatoarele modalitati de plata a navlului:In trei zile bancare de la eliberarea conosamentelor daca acestea sunt marcate "freight payable as per charter party" 1In trei zile bancare de la eliberarea conosamentelor daca acestea sunt marcate "freight prepaid" 0Dupa descarcare 0

955 In mod normal armatorul poate accepta una din urmatoarele modalitati de plata a navlului:In trei zile bancare de la eliberarea conosamentelor daca acestea sunt marcate "freight prepaid" 0Inainte de eliberarea conosamentelor daca acestea sunt marcate "freight prepaid" 1Dupa descarcare 0

956 In momentul in care se schimba societatea de clasificare se produc urmatoarele:asigurarea CASCO se anuleaza imediat daca nava este in port 1asigurarea se reinoieste automat in aceleasi conditii 0asigurarea se reinoieste dupa obtinerea noilor certificate de clasa in aceleasi conditii 0schimbarea societatii de clasificare nu are nici un efect asupra asigurarii navei 0

957 In practica maritima, asigurarea CASCO:este obligatorie doar pentru navele ce transporta produse petroliere 0este obligatorie doar pentru navele de peste 1000 grt 0nu este obligatorie 1este obligatorie doar pentru navele vechi ce pot cauza pierderi autoritatilor portuare 0

958 In situatia in care comandantul a acceptat din greseala inscrierea in conosament a unei cantitati eronate de marfa atunci:el are dreptul de a demonstra contrariul indiferent in posesia cui se afla conosamentul 0

176

el are dreptul de a demonstra contrariul doar daca acel conosament se afla in posesia incarcatorului1el are dreptul de a demonstra contradiul in situatia in care conosamentul de afla in posesia unui tert de buna credinta 0el nu are dreptul in nici o imrejurare sa demonstreze contrariul 0

959 in situatia in care exista un contract de navlosire conosamentul ce se va emite guverneaza relatia dintrecaraus si orice posesor al conosamentului 0caraus si navlositorul posesor al conosamentului 0caraus si orice posesor al conosamentului cu exceptia navlositorului 1navlositor si posesorul conosamanetului 0

960 In situatia in care in contract nu se stabileste nivelul despagubirilor pentru retinere atunci nivelul acestora:Este acelasi cu nivelul contrastaliilor 0Este dublul contrastaliilor si uneori chiar mai mare 0Se determina in functie de potentialul de piata al navei la momentul in care acestea se produc 1

961 In situatia in care in ordinul de imbargo se inscriu remarci cu privire la starea si conditia aparenta a marfurilor:comandantul va accepta sa emita conosamente fara remarci doar daca incarcatorul ii furnizeaza o scrisoare de garantie prin care este exonerat de orice raspundere cu privire la conditia marfii 0nu este obligatoriu ca aceste remarci sa fie inscrise in conosament 0conosamentul ce se va emite trebuie sa contina aceste remarci 1

962 in situatia in care in urma negocierilor dintre armator si posesorul conosamentului se agreeaza ca marfa sa fie descarcata in alt port decat cel mentionat in conosament atunci:

comandatul poate elibera marfa si fara a se prezenta un conosament original 0comadantul poate elibera marfa in schimbul unui exemplar din conosamentul original 0comandantul poate elibera marfa doar daca se prezinta toate exemplarele originale in care s-a emis conosamentul 1comandantul poate elibera marfa in schimbul prezentarii unei copii negociabile a conosamentului0

963 in situatia in care la bordul navei se prezinta un primitor cu un exemplar original al unui conosament nominativ sau cu un exemplar original al unui conosament la ordin andosat in plin atunci

comandantul trebuie sa elibereze marfurile posesorului conosamentului 0

comandantul trebuie sa elibereze marfurile doar dupa ce posesorul demonstreaza ca este reprezentantul legal al celui mentionat in conosament 1

comandantul trebuie sa elibereze marfurile doar daca se prezinta toate exemplarele originale 0comadantul ar putea elibera marfurile chiar si in lipsa conosamentelor originale daca se face dovada ca

pesoana respectiva il reprezinta legal pe cel mentionat in conosament 0

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964 In situatia in care o nava este asigurata, asiguratului i se cere:

sa-si defasoare activitatile dupa cum doreste, deoarece asigurarea trebuie sa plateasca orice despagubire 0sa-si defasoare activitatile cu extrem de multa precautie astfel incit sa evite si cele mai mici riscuri de a avea o avarie 0sa-si conduca afacerile ca si cind ar fi o persoana prudenta nesigurata 1sa accepta expeditii maritime cu riscuri mari deoarece acesta este si motivul pentru care plateste asigurare 0

965 in situatia in care pe conosament este trecut numarul de exemplare originale in care acesta s-a emis atunci:comandantul poate elibera marfa, in portul de destinatie, doar daca ii sunt prezentate toate exemplarele originale 0comandantul poate elibera marfa, in portul de destinatie, daca se prezinta cel putin doua exemplare originale 0comandantul poate elibera marfa si pe baza unei copii a conosamentului original 0comandantul poate elibera marfa, in portul de destinatie, in schimbul unui singur exemplar original1

966 In situatia in care prin contract se mentioneaza limita minima si maxima a cantitatii de marfa ce se va incarca, fara a se preciza cine are optiunea de a alege aceste limite atunci:Se subintelege ca aceste limite sunt in optiunea armatorului si ca acesta are dreptul de a alege orice cantitate ce se incadreaza intre aceste limite 0Se subintelege ca aceste limite sunt in optiunea navlositorului si ca acesta are dreptul de a alege orice cantitate ce se incadreaza intre aceste limite 0Trebuie sa se incarce pana la capacitatea maxima de incarcare cu deosebirea ca armatorul garanteaza ca va incarca cel putin cantitatea minima si nu va solicita mai mult decat cantitatea maxima 1

967 In situatia in care prin contract se stabileste ca despatch-ul se plateste pentru "all time saved" atunci:Despatch-ul se plateste pentru o perioada de timp egala cu diferenta dintre momentul in care expira staliile si in momentul in care se finalizeaza operatiunea de incarcare sau descarcare din care se scad toate perioadele de timp exceptate 0Despatch-ul se plateste pentru perioada de timp dintre momentul teoretic al expirarii staliilor si momentul in care nava paraseste portul de incarcare sau descarcare 0Despatch-ul se plateste pentru timpul de la momentul finalizarii operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare pana in momentul teoretic la care staliile ar fi trebuit sa expire 1

968 In transportul de linie nava asteapta rand la dana de operare?Nava va opera imediat ce dana va fi dana libera 0Nava va opera imediat ce a sosit fara sa astepte rand 1

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Nava va fi programata de autoritati sa opereze la dana in ordinea sosirii in port si inaintarii NOR, cand portul este congestionat. 0

969 Inainte de intrarea unei nave in "time-charter" se efectueaza:O inspectie atenta a corpului navei si a instalatiilor sale 0Vizitarea navei de catre reprezentantul navlositorului 0O inspectie de intrare denumita "on hire survey" 1

970 Intelesul modern al expresiei "No cure - No pay" este:acela ca in anumite imprejurari se remunereaza operatiunile de salvare a vietii umane pe mare 0acela ca nu se remunereaza decit operatiunile de salvare incununate de succes 0acela ca se remunereaza si operatiunile de prevenire si reducere a poluarii mediului marin chiar daca operatiunea nu este incununata de succes 1

971 Intr-un contract "BARE BOAT" in sarcina cui este asigurarea CASCO si P&I pentru nava?In sarcina armatorului 0CASCO in sarcina armatorului si P&I in sarcina navlositorului 0In sarcina disponent owner-ului ambele forme de asigurare 1

972 Intr-un contract de navlosire cuvantul portInseamna o zona in care navele incarca sau descarca marfuri fie ca este vorba de incarcare la dana, ancoraj, geamanduri sau ceva asemanator si include in cele mai multe cazuri locurile in care navele asteapta la rand, sunt instructionate sau sunt obligate sa astepte, indiferent de distanta la care se afla de aceasta zona 1Inseamna un grup de dane la care navele efectueaza operatiuni de incarcare, descarcare si operatiuni de buncherare si include doar radele interioare si exterioare in care navele asteapta de obicei sa acosteze la dana de incarcare sau descarcare 0Inseamna portul strict in conformitate cu regulile stabilite de navlositor 0

973 Intr-un contract de navlosire pe voiaje consecutive clauza de reziliere a contractului este valabilapentru fiecare voiaj efectuat de nava 0doar pentru primul si ultimul voiaj 0pentru primul si al doilea voiaj 0doar pentru primul voiaj 1

974 Izvoarele de drept care calauzesc un contract de vanzare internationala sunt:Regulile de la Haga, Hamburg si York Anvers 0Conventia MONTEGUE-BAY si Codul Comercial Roman 0

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Tratatele internationale, uzurile si uzantele uniforme internationale, sistemul de drept ales de parti si clauzele inscrise in mod consensual in contract 1

975 La bordul navei se prezinta un primitor cu un exemplar original al unui conosament semnat de catre comandant in portul de incarcare. In aceste conditii comandantul:elibereaza marfurile si nu retine la bord conosamentul original 0elibereaza marfurile si retine la bord o copie a conosamentului original 0nu elibereaza marfurile pina la instructiunile navlositorului 0elibereaza marfurile si retine la bord conosamentul original 1

976 La cat se limiteaza raspunderea carausului pentru daune rezultate din pierderea sau avarierea marfurilor conform regulilor de la Hamburg :La 840 DST pe colet si 3 DST. pe kg; 0La 835 DST pe colet sau alta unitate de transport sau 2,5 DST. pe kg; 1La 850 DST pe colet sau alta unitate de transport si 3,5 DST pe kg 0

977 La cat se limiteaza raspunderea carausului pentru intarzieri in livrarea marfurilor conform regulilor de la Hamburg :La de doua ori valoarea navlului pentru marfurile intarziate la livrare; 0La un cuantum egal cu valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere; 0La de doua ori si jumatate valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere; 1

978 La ce fel de angajare a navei navlul trebuie sa fie mai mare?FIOST 0FI/LO si LO/FI 0LINNER TERMS 1

979 La o angajare LINNER TERMS cine suporta eventualele operatiuni de amarare, fardare, asigurare a marfii in magazie?Armatorul 1Navlositorul 0Armatorul si navlositorul in proportii egale 0

980 La transportul cu navele de linie contractul de transport dintre armator si proprietarul marfurilor altul decit incarcatorul este:Charter Party 0Charter party cu eliberare de conosament 0Conosamentul (B/L) 1

981 Livrarea marfurilor in portul de destinatie se face de catre comandant in schimbul ?Unei scrisori de garantie bancara 0

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Unei scrisori de garantie semnata de primitor si navlositor sau in optiunea comandantului in schimbul conosamentui original 0Unui conosament original 1

982 Marfurile generale sunt considerate a fi:Marfuri neomogene, ambalate si de dimensiuni mai reduse, satisfacand partial, ele singure capacitatea de incarcare a unei nave 1Toate marfurile transportate de navele cargou 0Marfuri omogene, ambalate si de dimensiuni mai reduse, satisfacand partial, ele singure capacitatea de incarcare a unei navei 0

983 Marfurile in vrac sunt considerate a fi:Marfuri omogene, neambalate si transportate in loturi destul de mari pentru a satisface capacitatea de incarcare a navei 1Marfurile neomogene, ambalate si transportate in loturi destul de mari pentru a satisface capacitatea de incarcare a navei 0Marfuri omogene, ambalate si transportate in loturi destul de mari pentru a satisface capacitatea de incarcare a navei 0

984 Marimea navlului mort este:Egala cu produsul dintre navlul unitar si cantitatea de marfa neincarcata de catre navlositor pana la limita maxima stabilita in contract 0Egala cu produsul dintre navlu unitar si cantitatea de marfa neincarcata de catre navlositor pana la limita minima stabilita in contract 0Egala cu navlul suplimentar ce ar fi fost obtinut daca s-ar fi incarcat cantitatea minima de marfa din care se scad cheltuielile suplimentare ce ar fi fost efectuate de catre armator daca s-ar fi incarcat cantitatea minima de marfa mentionata in contract 1Egala cu navlul suplimentar ce ar fi fost obtinut daca s-ar fi incarcat cantitatea maxima de marfa din care se scad cheltuielile suplimentare ce ar fi fost efectuate de catre armator daca s-ar fi incarcat cantitatea maxima de marfa mentionata in contract 0

985 Navele C si D intra in coliziune cu pierderi la marfurile de la bord de 0.5 milioane dolari si respectiv 0.25 milioane dolari. Navele C si D sunt vinovate in proportie de 60 % si 40 %. In aceste conditii asiguratorii navei C vor plati navei D:0, 15 milioane dolari 10, 30 milioane dolari 00,10 milioane dolari 00, 20 milioane dolari 0

986 Navele C si D intra in coliziune cu pierderi la marfurile de la bord de 0.5 milioane dolari si respectiv 0.25 milioane dolari. Navele C si D sunt vinovate in proportie de 60 % si 40 %. In aceste conditii asiguratorii navei D var plati navei C0, 15 milioane dolari 00, 30 milioane dolari 00,10 milioane dolari 0

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0, 20 milioane dolari 1

987 Navlositorul trebuie sa incarce sau sa descarce atat de repede pe cat este posibil in imprejurarile existente la data incarcarii sau descarcarii daca nava este angajata pe baza expresiei:Custom of the port 0Customary quick dispach 1As fast as the vessel can receive or deliver 0

988 Navlul lumpsum reprezinta:Navlul platit armatorului pentru punerea la dispozitia navlositorului a intregii capacitati de incarcare a navei 1Produsul dintre capacitatea de incarcare a navei si navlul pe tona 0Navlul platit armatorului daca nu se incarca toata cantitatea de marfa mentionata in contract 0

989 Navlul mort reprezinta:Despagubirea pe care o primeste armatorul pentru capacitatea de transport neutilizata 0Contravaloarea navlului pentru spatiul mort ocupat de o marfa la bordul unei nave 0Despagubirea pe care o primeste armatorul pentru neincarcarea de catre navlositor a cantitatii minime de marfa mentionata in contract 1

990 Navlul poate fi stabilit ca:Suma de bani pe tona sau metru cub 1Suma de bani pe zi platita armatorului 0Suma de bani pe deplasament pe luna 0

991 Navlul poate fi stabilit ca:Suma de bani globala indiferent de cantitatea de marfa incarcata de navlositor 1Suma de bani pe numarul de magazii puse la dispozitie 0Suma de bani dependenta de mai multi factor variabili 0

992 Notice of Readiness poate fi transmis:Doar in prima zi a L/C 0La orice ora din zi sau noapte si in orice zi nava poate fi pusa la dispozitia navlositorului 1Doar in prima zi a L/C daca acesta nu este o zi de sarbatoare 0

993 O cambie este:Cambia sau tratat reprezinta un titlu de credit autonom prin care o persoana denumita tragator da ordin altei persoane denumita tras sa plateasca neconditionat la o anumita data denumita scadenta ,o anumita suma de bani 1Cambia este un titlu de credit reprezentativ a carui valoare este inscrisa in continutul ei 0Cambia este un document prin care incas-oul documentar poate fi utilizat in platile internationale0

994 O nava a incarcat 4000 tone de marfa pe baza expresiei 1000metric tons per weather working days SSHEX EIU (timpul de vineri de la ora 17 pana luni la ora 08.00 nu va conta ca stalii chiar daca este utilizat), contrastaliile au fost stabilite la nivelul de 4000 USD pe zi sau pro rata si despatch-ul jumatate

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din contrastalii pentru timpul de lucru salvat. Staliile expira luni la ora 14.00 si daca operatiunile de incarcare se finalizeaza sambata la ora 18.00, atunci suma pe care armatorul trebuie sa o plateasca navlositorului este:3666.66 USD 11000 USD 05750 USD 0

995 O nava aflata intr-un contract de bareboat este angajata intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp unui navlositor care la randul sau angajeaza nava intr-un contract de navlosire pe voiaj. Cine este responsabil pentru a mentine nava in buna stare de navigabilitate:Armatorul navei 0Navlositorul din contractul de bareboat 1Navlositorul din contractul de navlosire pe timp 0

996 O nava care efectueaza operatiuni de incarcare in 2 porturi, datorita spatiului limitat, este nevoita sa incarce in aceeasi magazie ceapa si ciocolata si datorita mirosului de ceapa, ciocolata ajunge avariata la destinatie. Navlositorul considera ca nava nu se afla in buna stare de navigabilitate la inceputul voiajului. Dupa o scurta analiza a istoricului operatiunilor de incarcare se poate spune:Nava nu se afla in buna stare de navigabilitate daca ceapa s-a incarcat in primul port iar ciocolata in cel de-al doilea port 1Nava nu se afla in buna stare de navigabilitate daca ciocolata s-a incarcat in primul port si ceapa in cel de-al doilea port 0Nava se afla in buna stare de navigabilitate in orice imprejurare deoarece buna stare de navigabilitate nu se refera la compatibilitatea marfurilor 0

997 O nava cu 3 magazii si 5 guri de magazie (magaziile 2 si 3 au cate 2 guri de magazie) are de incarcat 15000 de tone si dupa finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare nava a incarcat astfel: H1:4000tone; H2:5800tone; H3:5200tone. Care este tipul de stalii in portul de incarcare daca rata de incarcare a fost stabilita la 500 tone per working hatch per weather working day?6 zile 05 zile 19 ore 12 minute 111 zile 14 ore 24 minute 0

998 O nava cu 3 magazii si 5 guri de magazie (magaziile 2 si 3 au cate 2 guri de magazie) are de incarcat 15000 de tone si dupa finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare nava a incarcat astfel: magazia 1: 4000 tone; magazia 2: 5800 tone; magazia 3: 5200 tone. Care este timpul de stalii in portul de incarcare daca rata de incarcare a fost stabilita de 400 tone per hatch per weather working day? 7 zile 6 ore 07 zile 12 ore 114 zile 12 ore 0

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999 O nava cu 3 magazii si 5 guri de magazie (magaziile 2 si 3 au cite 2 guri de magazie) a incarcat 10000 tone de marfa si la finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare a incarcat astfel H1: 2500 tone H2: 4400 tone H3: 4100 tone. Care este timpul de stalii in portul de incarcare daca rata de incarcare a fost stabilita la 300 tone per hatch per day?6 zile 16 ore 17 zile 8 ore 06 zile 8 ore 0

1000 O nava cu o capacitate de incarcare de 10,800tdw este angajata pe baza expresiei "10,000mts 5pct molchop". In aceste conditii navlositorul a indeplinit obligatia contractuala daca nava la finalizarea incarcarii avea la bord:9000 tone 09600 tone 19200 tone 0

1001 O nava cu o capacitate de incarcare de 10,800tdw este angajata pe baza expresiei "10,000mts 5pct moloo". In aceste conditii navlositorul s-a indeplinit obligatia contractuala daca nava la finalizarea incarcarii avea la bord:10.500 tone 19600 tone 010,000 tone 0

1002 O nava cu o capacitate de incarcare de 10,800tdw este angajata pe baza expresiei "min/max 10,000/11000 mts". In aceste conditii navlositorul a indeplinit obligatia contractuala daca nava la finalizarea incarcarii avea la bord:10800 tone 110200 tone 010,600 tone 0

1003 O nava este angajata a incarca o marfa din portul Galati si datorita congestiei din port este obligata sa ancoreze in rada Sulina. In aceste conditii nava este considerata sosita:In momentul in care ancoreaza la Sulina 1In momentul in care ajunge la dana de incarcare in portul Galatzi 0In momentul in care ajunge in rada portului Galati 0

1004 O nava este angajata pentru a incarca o marfa de la dana 35 din portul Constanta. De asemenea in contract se mentioneaza ca nava este considerata ca fiind nava sosita weather in berth or not. In aceste conditii nava este considerata ca fiind o nava sosita:In momentul in care ajunge in limitele legale, administrative si fiscale ale portului Constanta 1In momentul in care ancoreaza in rada Portului Constanta 0In momentul in care nava este acostata la dana 35 din Portul Constanta 0

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1005 O nava este angajata pentru a incarca o marfa de la dana 35 din portul Constanta. In aceste conditii nava este considerata ca fiind o nava sosita:In momentul in care ajunge in limitele legale, administrative si fiscale ale portului Constanta 0In momentul in care ancoreaza in rada Portului Constanta 0In momentul in care nava este acostata la dana 35 din Portul Constanta 1

1006 O nava fara marfuri la bord, pentru a evita scufundarea, se pune pe uscat. In aceste conditiiaveam de-a face cu o avarie comuna deoarece actul a fost intentionat 0nu avem de-a face cu o avarie comuna deoarece nu au existat mai multi participanti la expeditia maritima 1nu se poate stabili din aceste date daca este sau nu un caz de avarie comuna deoarece nu stim ce alte persoane mai aveau interes in finalizarea expeditiei maritime 0avem de-a face cu o salvare deoarece nava s-a salvat de la scufundare 0

1007 O nava poate inainta NOR in portul de incarcare daca:Are de efectuat reparatii la capacele magaziei numarul 2 0Are de efectuat reparatii in compartimentul masina 1Are de efectuat reparatii in magazii 0

1008 O nava transporta pe punte tevi metalice si in timpul unei furtuni, pentru a evita scufundarea navei, comandantul decide sa arunce o parte din aceste tevi peste bord. In acest caz:

proprietarul tevilor este indreptatit sa fie despagubit in cadrul avariei comune 0proprietarul tevilor nu va primi nici o despagubire in cadrul avariei comune deoarece aceasta marfa nu se transporta in mod uzual pe punte 1aceste marfuri pot fi aruncate peste bord in orice imprejurare deoarece ele nu se incarca in mod uzual pe punte 0proprietarul marfurilor nici nu contribuie la avaria comuna nici nu este despagubit 0

1009 Pe masura ce capacitatea navei creste si exista mijloace moderne de operare in porturi:costul unitar pe tona de marfa transportata creste 0costul unitar pe tona de marfa transportata scade 1costul unitar pe tona de marfa transportata se mentine constant0costul unitar pe tona de marfa transportata nu este dependent de marimea navei 0

1010 Pentru ca o nava sa fie off-hire intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp:este suficient sa considere navlositorul ca nava respectiva subperformeaza 0este necesar a se obtine o decizie a unei instante sau a unei curti de arbitraj 0este necesar ca motivele pentru care nava este off-hire sa fie continute intr-o clauza speciala 1este nevoie ca armatorul ca fie de acord cu reclamatia navlositorului 0

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1011 Pentru o nava in "time charter" subordonarea comandantului din punct de vedere comercial se limiteaza la:Cele inscrise in contract 1Aspectul legal al calatoriei 0Nu se limiteaza la nici o prevedere 0

1012 Pentru un armator este indicat sa incheie un contract de navlosire pe timp daca : se estimeaza ca navlurile vor creste 0se estimeaza ca navlurile ramin constante 0se estimeaza ca navlurile vor scadea 1nu se poate estima evolutia navlurilor 0

1013 Perioada de timp utilizata pentru incarcare sau descarcare inainte de momentul in care incep staliile:Se conteaza ca stalii indiferent de prevederile contractului de navlosire 0Nu se conteaza ca stalii indiferent de prevederile contractului de navlosire 0Se conteaza ca stalii doar daca exista o prevedere contractuala in acest sens 1

1014 Perioada de timp utilizata pentru incarcare sau descarcare inainte de momentul in care incep staliile:Se conteaza ca stalii indiferent de prevederile contractului de navlosire 0Nu se conteaza ca timp de stalii indiferent de prevederile contractului de navlosire 0Se conteaza ca stalii doar daca exista o prevedere contractuala in acest sens 1

1015 Piata transportului de marfuri in vrac este o piata caracterizata de: monopolul armatorilor 0monopolul navlositorilor 0oligopol 0concurenta perfecta 1

1016 Prin avarie particulara se intelegeOrice avarie produsa la bordul navei in scopul salvarii navei si/sau echipajului. 0Avaria care are loc in imprejurari de forta majora avind ca efect distrugerea marfurilor. 0Orice avarie care nu este avarie comuna si are loc in imprejurari fortuite, avind drept cauza forta majora.

1

1017 Prin folosirea expresiei "Unless Used"Timpul lucrat in conditii de vreme nefavorabila se va conta ca stalii 0Timpul lucrat inainte de inceperea staliilor nu se va conta ca stalii 0Timpul efectiv lucrat in zilele exceptate se va conta ca stalii, daca staliile au inceput 1

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1018 Prin includerea in contractul de navlosire a expresiei "freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills of lading vessel and or cargo lost or not lost"Se plateste navlul chiar daca nava se pierde imediat dupa incarcare dar inainte de semnarea conosamentelor 0Se plateste navlul chiar daca nava se pierde dupa ce conosamentele au fost eliberate 1Se plateste navlul doar daca nava a ajuns in portul de destinatie si este gata de livrare 0

1019 Prin includerea in contractul de navlosire a expresiei ”freight deemed earned discountless and non returnable on signing bills of lading vessel and or cargo lost or not lost”se plateste navlul chiar daca nava se pierde imediat dupa incarcare dar inainte de semnarea conosamentelor 0se plateste navlul chiar daca nava se pierde dupa ce conosamentele au fost semnate 1se plateste navlul doar daca nava a ajuns in portul de destinatie si este gata de livrare 0se plateste navlul indiferent de ce se intampla cu nava si indiferent cind se intimpla 0

1020 Prin mentionarea in contract a contrastaliilor:Sunt satisfacute doar interesele navlositorului care poate finaliza operatiunile de incarcare chiar daca a depasit perioada de timp alocata prin contract 0Sunt satisfacute doar interesele armatorului care primeste o despagubire pentru retinerea navei peste perioada de timp alocata prin contract 0Sunt satisfacute atat interesele armatorului cat si ale navlositorului deoarece armatorul primeste o despagubire, iar navlositorul finalizeaza operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare 1

1021 Prin notiunea de "back freight" se intelege:Totalitatea sumelor de bani pe care armatorul le poate solicita de la navlositor in situatia in care nu reuseste sa gaseasca marfa pentru voiajul de intoarcere 0

Totalitatea cheltuielilor efectuate de armator pentru a proteja marfurile, daca nava nu poate livra marfurile datorita unui pericol exceptat sau din vina navlositorului si navlositorul nu transmite instructiuni cu privire la livrarea marfurilor 1

Totalitatea cheltuielilor pe care armatorul le efectueaza cu marfa atunci cand este nevoit sa puna sechestru pe marfuri datorita faptului ca navlositorul nu si-a indeplinit o obligatie contractuala 0

1022 Prin stalii se intelege:Perioada de timp alocata prin contractul de navlosire reprezentantilor navlositorului pentru a efectua operatiunile de incarcare si/sau descarcare pentru care nu se plateste nici o suma peste nivelul navlului din contract 1

Perioada de timp alocata prin contractul de navlosire reprezentantilor navlositorului pentru a efectua operatiunile de incarcare si/sau descarcare pentru care se plateste o suma de bani proportionala cu durata acestora 0

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Reprezinta perioada de timp cat alocata prin contractul de navlosire armatorului pentru a finaliza operatiunile de incarcare si sau descarcare si pentru care el nu plateste penalitati 0

1023 Regulile INCOTERMS au fost elaborate de:BIMCO cu sediul la COPENHAGA 0IMO cu sediul la LONDRA 0Camera de Comert International de la PARIS 1

1024 Regulile INCOTERMS reglementeaza:Conditiile pe care sa le indeplineasca partile contractante in vederea acceptarii/realizarii unui contract international de vanzare 0Obligatiile amanuntite ale vanzatorului/cumparatorului pentru livrarea marfurilor contractate, a termenilor de livrare si a conditiilor calitative si cantitative ale livrarii 1Costul marfurilor in conditiile de livrare la poarta fabricii pana la poarta cumparatorului 0

1025 Regulile York-Anvers 1994 sunt formate din:Regula de interpretare, regula Paramount, regulile literale A-G avand caracter de principii generale, regulile numerice I-XXII referitoare la cazuri practice de avarie comuna 1Regula de interpretare, regulile literale A-G avand caracter de principii generale, regulile numerice I-XXII referitoare la cazuri practice de avarie comuna 0Regula de interpretare, regulile numerice I-XXII avand caracter de principii generale, regulile literale A-G referitoare la cazuri practice de avarie comuna 0

1026 Remarcile facute in timpul incarcarii pe ordinul de incarcare se pot transfera pe conosament?Toate remarcile de pe ordinul de incarcare referitoare la marfa si/sau ambalajul marfii se vor transfera pe conosament 1Unele remarci nu se transfera 0In cazul ca incarcatura garanteaza pentru marfa printr-o scrisoare de garantie acoperita de o banca, remarcile nu se mai transfera pe conosamente 0

1027 Scrisorile de garantie pentru descarcarea marfurilor, fara prezentarea conosamentelor originale: sunt considerate o practica fraudulenta si nu trebuie niciodata acceptate de catre armator 0

sunt considerate o solutie comerciala acceptabila in cele mai multe situatii, daca marfa se descarca in custodia vamii sau a unui agent al armatorului 1

se pot accepta doar daca sunt contrasemnate de catre reprezentatii primitorului 0

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de obicei scrisorile de garantie se folosesc doar pentru semnarea conosamentelor fara remarci, nu si pentru eliberarea marfurilor fara prezentarea conosamentului original 0

1028 Scrisorile de garantie pentru semnarea conosamentelor fara remarci:pot fi acceptate de catre comandant daca este vorba de un navlositor mare, cu care armatorul are contracte regulate 0

nu trebuie acceptate niciodata de catre comandant deoarece ele constituie o practica fraudulenta1

pot fi acceptate intotdeauna deoarece astfel armatorul este exonerat de raspundere pentru orice litigiu ce poate sa apara din aceasta cauza 0se pot accepta scrisori de garantie doar pentru neinscrierea in Mate's Receipt a remarcilor 0

1029 Statement of Facts este documentul ce se intocmeste de catre:

Capitanul secund al navei si este contrasemnat de catre stivatori 0Agentul navei si este contrasemnat de catre armator si navlositor 0Agentul navei si este contrasemnat de comandantul navei si companiile de stivatori ca prepusi ai incarcatorilor/primitorilor 1

1030 Sunteti comandantul unei nave aflata in pericol de scufundare si in urma transmiterii unui mesaj SOS singura nava care va ofera ajutorul solicita o prima de salvare foarte mare. In aceste conditii:

acceptati serviciul oferit de salvatori, deoarece nivelul primei de salvare va fi stabilit de instanta 1

incercati sa continuati negocierile si numai daca ajungeti la o suma acceptabila puteti accepta serviciul de salvare 0

il informati pe armator despre acest lucru si numai daca armatorul isi da acordul puteti accepta serviciul de salvare 0nu acceptati oferta si asteptati pina raspunde urmatoarea nava 0

1031 Un armator isi plateste echipajul in Euro si incheie un contract de navlosire in care se prevade ca navlul se plateste in dolari. In care din urmatoarele situatii considerati ca este indicat pentru armator sa introduca o clauza valutara:Se estimeaza ca euro va creste in raport cu dolarul 0Se estimeaza ca euro va scadea in raport cu dolarul 1Se estimeaza ca intre euro si dolar se va mentine aproximativ acelasi raport de schimb 0

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1032 Un contract de navlosire pe timp pentru un singur voiaj este cunoscut sub denumirea de:Round Trip Charter 0Trip Charter 1Time Charter for one voyage 0One Trip Charter 0

1033 Una din navele apartinind aceleiasi companii de navigatie solicita ajutorul navei pe care o comandati pentru a efectua transbordul unei piese de schimb, ce nu poate fi transbordata decit prin apropierea navelor una de alta. In aceste conditii:

este bine sa ajutati nava in cauza deoarece astfel reduceti o serie de cheltuieli suplimentare pentru companie 0

este mai bine sa asteptati instructiunile scrise ale navlositorului in acest sens 0

este interzis a efectua astfel de operatiuni fara acordul asiguratorului deoarece asigurarea navei poate fi anulata 1

este permis a se efectua astfel de operatiuni deoarece riscuri suplimenatre pentru armator si implicit pentru asigurator sunt minore si normale 0

1034 Unde a avut loc Conventia Internationala referitoare la cerintele pe care trebuie sa le indeplineasca paiolul din lemn al unui container?LONDRA 0MELBOURNE 1HAGA 0

1035 Unde a avut loc CONVENTIA INTERNATIONALA REFERITOARE LA TRANSPORTUL MULTIMODAL?COPENHAGA/1990 0LONDRA/1975 0GENEVA/1980 1

1036 Unde se depune un protest de mare?La Capitania portului de inmatriculare a navei 0La autoritatea competenta din primul port de escala dupa producerea evenimentului 1La autoritatea competenta cea mai apropiata de locul producerii evenimentului 0

1037 Unde si cand se pot tranzactiona conosamentele?Conosamentele nu se pot tranzactiona, detinatorul legal al conosamentului fiind proprietarul marfurilor

0

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Conosamentele se pot tranzactiona dupa ce au fost semnate, tranzactiile desfasurandu-se prin negocieri directe 0Pe piata de valori mobiliare cand sunt intocmite la ordin 1

1038 Valoarea de despagubire pentru o nava ce naviga din Constanta in India pentru dezmembrare si care se scufunda este:valoarea de piata a navei la momentul scufundarii 0valoarea de fier vechi a navei 1valoarea de piata a navei inainte de scufundare 0suma inscrisa in polita de asigurare 0

1039 Andosarea unui conosament se poate face: in alb 1in gol 0in plin 1in gri 0

1040 Armatorul este indreptatit sa primeasca navlu fara deduceri dacamarfurile sosesc la destinatie usor avariate 1atat de avariate incat s-au pierdut calitatea de bunuri comerciale 0doar o parte din marfuri sosesc la destinatie 0doar o parte din marfuri sosesc la destinatie si nava a fost angajata pentru navlu lumpsum 1

1041 Atunci cind se vorbeste despre " starea si conditia aparenta" a marfurilorse are in vedere calitatea marfurilor 0se are invedere si ambalajul marfii 1se are in vedere aspectul exterior al marfii 1se are in vedere atit aspectul exterior al marfii cit si continutul coletelor 0

1042 Care din urmatoarele clauze pot fi considerate ca fiind subintelese intr-un contract de navlosire pe voiaj?Clauza referitoare la plata navlului 0clauza referitoare la buna stare de navigabilitate 1clauza referitoare la devierea navei de la ruta uzuala de navigatie 1clauza referitoare la nominarea porturilor de descarcare 0

1043 Care din urmatoarele obligatii ale armatorului pot fi considerate ca fiind subintelese intr-un contract de navlosire:obligatia de a prezenta nava in timp util in portul de incarcare 0obligatia de a depune diligenta cuvenita pentru a pune la dispozitia navlositorului o nava in buna stare de navigabilitate 1obligata de a acorda grija cuvenita marfurilor pe toata perioada cat acestea se afla in custodia sa 1obligatia de a efectua voiajul intr-o perioada de timp rezonabila 1

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1044 Care din urmatoarele riscuri formeaza obiectul asigurarii P&I:amenzi 1responsabilitati fata de marfa 1pierderea navei 0fransizele avariei particulare 1

1045 Care dintre urmatoarele lucruri trebuie sa le faca un comandant care considera ca nava sa este apta de a incarca o anumita marfa si cu toate acestea ea este refuzata in mod nejustificat de mai multe ori de surveyor:Sa curete magaziile de atatea ori de cate spune surveyor-ul 0Sa aiba in vedere ca actioneaza doar in numele armatorului si sa incerce sa-l apere cit de mult poate1Sa inainteze o scrisoare de protest navlositorului 1

1046 Care dintre urmatoarele modalitati de stabilire a staliilor se incadreaza in categoria staliilor determinabile?4000 metric tons per day 18 running days 01000 metric tons per hatch per day 1

1047 Care dintre urmatoarele particularitati poate fi considerata ca fiind o particularitate a transportului maritim de linie armatorii sunt obligati sa accepte spre incarcare toate marfurile ce satisfac conditiile minimale cu privire la cantitate si volum 1nivelul tarifelor de transport fluctueaza frecvent in functie evolutia pietei navlurilor 0cheltuielile de incarcare si descarcare sunt incluse in pretul de transport 1pentru procurarea marfurilor folosesc brokeri 0

1048 Care sunt documentele mentionate in contractul de vinzare/cumparare internationala, ce implica transport maritim, care stabilesc cantitatea de marfa expediata?Scrisoarea de trasura maritima - seaway bill 1Conosamentul 1Chitanta maritima 0Factura comerciala 0

1049 Care sunt factorii care pot influenta valoarea navlului?Durata staliilor si clauzele de intrerupere a curgerii staliilor 1Distanta dintre porturi 1Gradul de dotare al navei 0

1050 Care sunt functiile principale ale marcajului unei marfi?Identificare 1Propaganda comerciala 1

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Operativitate in manipularea marfurilor in timpul transportului, propaganda comerciala 1

1051 Ce factori pot influenta valoarea navlului?Zona geografica in care naviga nava 1Situatia meteorologica din zona de navigatie 1Asigurarea CASCO si/sau P&I 0

1052 Ce se intelege prin "despatch"?Timpul economisit de catre navlositor in operarea navei si suma de bani platita de catre armator navlositorului ca prima pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare intr-o perioada de timp mai redusa decat cea alocata prin contract 1

Timpul economisit de catre armator in operarea navei si suma de bani platita de catre navlositor armatorului ca prima pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare intr-o perioada de timp mai redusa decat cea alocata prin contract 0

Suma de bani platita ca prima de catre armatori navlositorului pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare intr-o perioada de timp mai redusa decat cea alocata prin contract 1

1053 Ce se intelege prin cuvantul "contrastalii"?Perioada de timp folosita pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare dupa expirarea staliilor/suma de bani pe care navlositorul agreeaza sa o plateasca armatorului pentru perioada de timp folosita pentru incarcare sau descarcare peste termenul alocat in mod gratuit prin contractul de navlosire 1

Perioada de timp folosita pentru finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare dupa expirarea staliilor 0

Suma de bani pe care navlositorul agreeaza sa o plateasca armatorului pentru perioada de timp folosita pentru incarcare sau descarcare peste termenul alocat in mod gratuit prin contractul de navlosire1

1054 Ce semnifica caracterul oneros al contractului comercial de vanzare internationala?Cumparatorul se obliga sa plateasca pentru marfa pretul stabilit 1Vanzatorul se obliga sa puna la dispozitie marfa conform intelegerii 0Cumparatorul se obliga sa incarce marfa pe nava 1

1055 Ce semnifica expresia "Dreptul de retentie al carausului" (CARIER'S LIEN)?Retinerea de catre caraus a marfurilor de la bord pina la plata sumelor stabilite in caz de avarie comuna.

1Dreptul de retinere in posesia sa a bunurilor, pina la plata navlului scadent. 1Dreptul navlositorului pentru retinerea navei pentru avarii produse de marfurilor transportate. 0

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1056 Clauzele de reziliere a contractelor datorita razboiului se utilizeaza in urmatoarele contracte de navlosire:contractele de navlosire pe voiaj 0contractele de navlosire pe timp 1contractele de bareboat 1contractele de navlosire pe voiaje consecutive 1

1057 Conform princiului maximei bune credinte, din cadrul asigurarilor maritime un asigurator poate

accepta asigurarea unei marfi chiar daca marfa a ajuns cu bine la destinatie 0se poate efectua asigurarea unui obiect chiar daca la momentul asigurarii se cunoaste ca obiectul respectiv s-a pierdut 0daca maxima buna credinta nu este observata la una dintre parti contractul poate fi anulat 1toate faptele relevante pentru riscul asumat trebuie sa fie anuntate asiguratorilor inainte de inceperea intocmirii politei 1

1058 Contrastaliile se conteaza:In mod continuu din momentul expirarii staliilor pana la finalizarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau descarcare 1Fara a se tine seama de zilele de sarbatoare sau de cele in care vremea este nefavorabila 1Tinandu-se cont de zilele de sarbatoare si de cele in care vremea nefavorabila impiedica operatiunile de incarcare 0

1059 Daca o nava angajata pe baza expresiei "1000 metric tons per working day weather permitting SSHEX" transmite corect NOR la ancorare si apoi asteapta o anumita perioada de timp in rada inainte de a intra in port atunci:Perioadele de timp petrecute in rada portului in care ploua se conteaza ca stalii 1Perioadele de timp petrecute in port, cu suficienta marfa la cheu, in care nu se lucreaza pentru ca ploua se conteaza ca stalii 0Perioadele de timp, in care nava nu lucreaza datorita faptului ca instalatiile de cheu nu functioneaza si in care ploua se conteaza ca stalii 1

1060 Evaluarea nivelului primei de asigurare H&M pentru o nava se face in functie de urmatoarele elemenete distincte:elementul de pierdere totala 1elementul de pierdere totala prin interpretare 0elementul de avarie comuna 0elementul de avarie particulara 1

1061 In care din urmatoarele situatii o nava nu este considerata a fi in buna stare de navigabilitate?Nava este inclinata 10 grade spre babord la plecarea din portul de incarcare 1nava nu are capitan secund la plecarea din portul de incarcare si aceasta functie este solicitata prin Safe Manning Certificate 1pe parcursul voiajului unul dintre marinari lasa din neglijenta o lampa aprinsa in magazia navei 2 a navei si o parte din marfa este avariata 0

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la plecarea din portul de bunkerare nava are probleme tehnice ce pot afecta siguranta navei 1

1062 In care din urmatoarele situatii se poate considera ca este vorba de pierdere totala prin interpretare (Constructive Total Loss):nava este abandonata deoarece pierderea totala reala pare inevitabila 1nava nu poate fi salvata de la o pierdere totala reala fara cheltuieli care ar depasi valoarea ei de asigurare sau in cazul in care aceasta este subevaluata, valoarea ei comerciala. 1atunci cind nava necesita reparatii destul de mari si asiguratorii nu vor sa le platesca 0atunci cand nava este atat de avariata incat costul reparatiilor ar depasi valoarea navei dupa reparatie1

1063 In cazul Cluburilor P& I protectia oferita este mutuala, in sensul ca fiecare armator este in acelasi timp si asigurator si asigurat1protectia oferita este similara cu cea oferita de o societate de asigurare, iar armatorul plateste o prima de asigurare in schimbul careia este despagubit 0momentul de incepere al anului politei este mereu acelasi 20 Februarie, ora 12.00 GMT 1momentul de incepere al anului politei este mereu acelasi 1 Ianuarie, ora 0.00 GMT 0

1064 In cazul unei nave aflata intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp se considera ca nava este off-hire daca:nava intra la adapost in cazul conditiilor meteorologice nefavorabile (vint forta 10, mare extrem de agitata) 0nava nu are instalatiile de incarcare in buna stare de functionare si conform contractului trebuie sa le foloseasca 1nava nu are la bord sef mecanic atunci cind navlositorul ordona navei sa paraseasca portul respectiv1nava efectueaza reparatii la motorul principal pe durata operatiunilor de incarcare 0

1065 In cazul unui contract de navlosire ce nu exclude in mod expres marfurile periculoase armatorul le poate refuza daca:Masurile de siguranta ce trebuiesc luate conduc la cheltuieli mari 1Echipajul refuza incarcarea lor 0Este imposibil de efectuat transportul acestor marfuri in siguranta 1

1066 In cele mai multe polite de asigurare asigurarea CASCO a navei se considera anulata daca:nava transporta droguri 1nava efectueaza operatiuni ce pot fi asimilate pirateriei 1nava efectuaza transporturi fara a avea incheiate contracte de navlosire 0nava nu este in buna stare de navigabilitate la inceputul calatoriei 1

1067 In mod normal asiguratorul nu este responsabil pentru:uzura normala a obiectului asigurat 1pierderile si scurgerile accidentale ale marfi asigurate 1pierderile cauzate de pericole maritime 0pierderile generate de viciul ascus sau de natura obicetului asigurat 0

1068 In momentul livrarii si relivrarii navei intr-un contract de navlosire pe timp se determina cantitatea de combustibil de la bord deoarece:

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este necesar a se determina daca nava poate ajunge pina in urmatorul port cu cantitatea de combustibil de la bord 0este bine de stiut inaintea inceperii si la sfirsitul voiajului ce cantitati de combustibil are nava la bord0nava trebuie relivrata cu aproximativ aceeasi cantitate de combustibil ca la livrare 1combustibilul folosit pe durata contractului de navlosire pe timp este platit de navlositor 1

1069 Marimea primei de salvare depinde de:gradul de pericol suportat de nava salvatoare 1valoarea proprietatii salvate 1pierderea, daca exista, pe care a suferit-o salvatorul 1vechimea navei salvatoare 0

1070 O nava cu capacitatea de incarcare de 35,000 tone de marfa a incarcat 32.500 tone. Comandantul trebuie sa transmita incarcatorilor o scrisoare de navlu mort daca nava este angajata pe baza expresiei:32,000 metric tone 5 percent more or less in owners option 134,000 metric tons 5 percent more or less in charterers option 0min/max 33,000 metric tons 1min/max 32,000/33,000 metric tons 1

1071 O nava cu marfuri la bord, inclusiv 5 containere pe punte intra in coliziune cu un tanc petrolier. In timpul coliziunii 2 containere cad in apa si se avariaza marfa din magazia 1. Pentru a evita scufundarea navei comandantul decide sa puna nava pe uscat si in timpul acestei manevre se arunca peste bord inca un container si se pierde ancora din babord. Dupa punerea navei pe uscat se fac reparatii temporare la nava si aceasta pleaca catre un port de refugiu unde este andocata. In aceste conditii urmatoarele pagube si cheltuieli sunt incluse in avaria comuna:

cele 2 containere cazute peste bord 0avariile provocate la marfa din magazia 1 0reparatiile temporare 1pierderea ancorei 1

1072 Prin expresia "lawful merchandise" se poate intelege:

Ca nava va incarca o marfa fara a incalca legislatia din portul de incarcare si din portul de descarcare1Ca nava va incarca o marfa ce va fi transportata fara a incalca legislatia statului al carui pavilion il poarta

1Ca nava va incarca o marfa ce respecta toate tratatele internationale 0

1073 Prin expresia ”lawful merchandise” se poate intelege:ca nava va incarca o marfa fara a incalca legislatia din portul de incarcare, din portul de descarcare si eventual a statului al carui pavilion il poarta 1ca nava va incarca o marfa ce va fi descarcata fara a incalca doar legislatia din portul de descarcare0ca nava poate transporta armament si munitie daca ele nu sunt in mod expres excluse prin contract1ca nava va incarca o marfa ce respecta toate tratatele internationale 0

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1074 Regula generala in transportul maritim este aceea ca marfurile se transporta sub punte. Exceptii fiind:Exista o prevedere expresa in contractul de navlosire ce permite armatorului incarcarea marfurilor pe punte 1Marfurile respective se transporta in mod uzual pe punte 1Nava poate transporta prin constructie marfuri pe punte 1Transportul containerelor 1

1075 Regulile de la Haga-Visby nu se aplica tuturor transporturilor pe mare ci doar in situatia:Conosamentul este emis intr-o tara care a ratificat regulile 1Nava poarta pavilionul unei tari care a ratificat regulile 0In documentul de transport este incorporata Clauza Paramount 1incarcarea s-a efectuat intr-o tara care a ratificat regulile 1

1076 Banca nu accepta plata unui conosament care se prezinta la incasare mai tarziu de :12 zile dupa emitere 020 de zile dupa emitere 021 de zile dupa emitere 1

1077 Bancile accepta la plata conosamentele care mentioneaza ca "navlul a fost platit anticipat" ?Nu 0Nu, fara acordul primitorului marfii 0Da 1

1078 Bancile accepta la plata un conosament care are inscris un alt loc de preluare a marfurilor decat portul de incarcare ?Nu 0Da 1Da,dar numai cu acordul carausului 0

1079 Bancile accepta la plata un conosament care are mentionat ca expeditor o alta persoana decat beneficiarul acreditivului ?Da 1Nu 0Da, cu acordul navlositorului 0

1080 Bancile accepta la plata un conosament care are o data de emitere posterioara datei de valabilitate stipulata in acreditiv ?Nu 1Da, cu acordul carausului 0Da 0

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1081 Ce inseamna "conosament" conform Regulilor de la Hamburg 1978?Un document care face dovada unui contract de transport si a preluarii sau incarcarii marfurilor 0Un document care face dovada unui contract de transport pe mare si a preluarii sau incarcarii marfurilor de catre caraus, prin care carausul se obliga sa livreze marfurile contra prezentarii acestui document1Un document care face dovada unui contract de transport si a preluarii sau incarcarii marfurilor de catre caraus, prin care carausul se obliga sa livreze marfurile 0

1082 Ce reguli considera conosamentul un document care face dovada " unui contract de transport pe mare si a preluarii sau incarcarii marfurilor de catre carausRegulile de la Haga 0Regulile York-Anvers 0Regulile de la Hamburg 1

1083 Ce semnificatie are termenul "caraus" conform Regulilor de la Hamburg 1978?Orice persoana care,sau in numele careia a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare cu un incarcator 1Orice persoana care,sau in numele careia a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri cu un incarcator

0Orice persoana care,sau in numele careia a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri 0

1084 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie inserarea numarului de conosamente originale?Da 1Nu se prevede expres 0Nu 0

1085 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a datei sau perioadei de livrare a marfurilor ?Nu 0Nu se prevede expres 0Da, daca aceasta a fost expres agreata de catre parti. 1

1086 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a destinatarului marfurilor ?Nu se prevede expres 0Nu 0Da, daca este numit de incarcator. 1

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1087 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a marcajului marfurilor ?Da 1Nu 0Nu se prevede expres 0

1088 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a modalitatii de plata a navlului ?Nu 0Nu se prevede expres 0Da 1

1089 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a numarului de conosamente originale?Nu 0Nu se prevede expres 0Da 1

1090 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg este obligatorie mentionarea in conosament a starii aparente a marfurilor?Da 1Nu 0Nu se prevede expres 0

1091 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg intr-un conosament este obligatorie inserarea locului de emitere a acestuia?Nu 0Da 1Nu se prevede expres 0

1092 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg raspunderea carausului pentru marfurile transportate pe punte este similara cu raspunderea pentru marfurile incarcate sub punte, daca:este prevazut expres in contractul de transport si inscris in conosament. 1este prevazut expres in cargo-plan si semnat de capitanul secund. 0este prevazut in contractul de transport si agreat de caraus. 0

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1093 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg, actiunile indreptate impotriva carausului cu privire la pierderea sau avarierea marfurilor ce fac obiectul contractului de transport maritim sau pentru intarzieri in livrare, pot fi fundamentate pe:

raspunderea contractuala sau delictuala 1raspunderea contractuala 0raspunderea delictuala 0

1094 Conosamentele eliberate de case de expeditii care nu sunt membre FIATA (house bill of lading), pot fi negociate?Da daca acest lucru se prevede expres in acreditiv. 1Da daca comandantul le semneaza clean. 0Nu 0

1095 Conosamentul "la ordin" este:Conosamentul emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane, care il poate andosa unei alte persoane,aceasta devenind proprietarul de drept al marfii 1Conosamentul emis la ordinul unei anumite persoane, pentru comandantul navei care transporta marfurile 0Conosamentul emis la ordinul unei persoane, pentru armatorul navei care transporta marfurile 0

1096 Conosamentul "la purtator" este negociabil?Nu 0Da cu acordul navlositorului 0Da 1

1097 Conosamentul direct (through bill of lading) se elibereaza cand:marfurile sunt transportate si livrate direct la primitor 0marfurile sunt transportate succesiv cu mai multe nave sau in situatia unui transport combinat. 1marfurile sunt transportate direct la primitor fara devieri 0

1098 Conosamentul este "titlu de valoare" deoarece: are stipulata valoarea marfii. 0face dovada incarcarii marfurilor la bord. 0incorporeaza marfa incarcata la bordul navei pentru a fi transportata. 1

1099 Conosamentul este un instrument probatoriu deoarece:constituie o dovada ca marfa a fost predata de producatorul acesteia. 0constituie o conventie intre navlositor si proprietarul marfurilor. 0constituie o dovada pentru incarcator ca a incarcat marfa. 1

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1100 Conosamentul fractionat impropriu:Nu are valoarea juridica a unui conosament 1Are valoarea juridica a unui conosament 0Are valoarea juridica a unui conosament daca este eliberat la interventia armatorului 0

1101 Conosamentul nominativ se elaboreaza:in favoarea unei anumite persoane nominata expres 1in favoarea unei persoane stabilita de navlositor 0in favoarea unei persoane imputernicita sa preia marfurile 0

1102 Conosamentul primit pentru incarcare este:Conosamentul eliberat de comandant prin care armatorul se obliga a incarca pe o anumita nava, marfurile luate in custodie, pe raspunderea sa de la incarcator, spre a le transporta intr-un anumit port0

Conosamentul eliberat de caraus prin care armatorul se obliga a incarca pe o anumita nava sau pe una din navele sale, marfurile luate in custodie, pe raspunderea sa de la incarcator, spre a le transporta intr-un anumit port 1

Conosamentul eliberat de proprietarul marfii prin care armatorul se obliga a incarca pe o anumita nava sau pe una din navele sale, marfurile luate in custodie, pe raspunderea sa de la incarcator, spre a le transporta intr-un anumit port 0

1103 Conosamentul standard de linie (conlinebill a fost elaborat si aprobat de):FIATA 0BIMCO 1BIMCO si FIATA 0

1104 Daca carausul sau alta persoana care emite conosamentul in numele sau nu face in conosament mentiuni privind starea aparenta a marfurilor, se considera conform Regulilor de la Hamburg ca: marfurile au fost incarcate in stare buna 0marfurile au fost incarcate 0s-a mentionat in conosament ca marfurile erau in stare aparent buna 1

1105 Emiterea unui conosament fara rezerve cu privire la starea aparenta a marfurilor se poate face in baza unei scrisori de garantie prin care incarcatorul se obliga sa despagubeasca carausul?Da 0Nu 1Da, cu conditia ca scrisoarea sa fie depusa la o banca credibila. 0

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1106 In care varianta se aplica Regulile de la Hamburg?La toate contractele de transport pe mare intre doua state diferite daca au convenit ca atare. 0Conosamentul sau alt document care face dovada contractului de transport pe mare este emis intr-un stat ce a ratificat conventia. 1Conosamentul sau alt document care face dovada contractului de transport pe mare este "clean".0

1107 Inserarea in conosament a clauzei "contents and value unknown" are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata?Da, daca conosamentul este semnat de commandant 0Nu 1Da 0

1108 Inserarea in conosament a clauzei "said by shipper to contain" are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata?Nu 1Da, daca conosamentul este semnat de comandant 0Da 0

1109 Inserarea in conosament de clauze cu referire la ambalajul marfii, are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata?Nu, daca s-a depus o scrisoare de garantie 0Da 1Nu 0

1110 Inserarea in conosament de clauze cu referire la numarul de colete, are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata?Da 1Nu, daca s-a depus o scrisoare de garantie 0Nu 0

1111 Inserarea in conosament de clauze cu referire la starea marfii, are efect asupra acestuia ca document de plata?Nu 0Da 1Nu, daca s-a depus o scrisoare de garantie 0

1112 Inserarea pe un conosament ca navlul este platibil la destinatie, afecteaza calitatea sa ca document de plata ? Da 0Nu 1Da, daca nu are acordul incarcaturului 0

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1113 Intr-un conosament "nominativ":Destinatarul marfurilor, incarcatorul, sau banca emitenta poate andosa conosamentul unei alte persoane 0Incarcatorul sau banca emitenta poate andosa conosamentul unei alte persoane 0Carausul cunoaste de la inceput persoana careia ii va remite marfurile si fata de care isi va executa obligatiile 1

1114 La semnarea unui conosament curat sub protest, comandantul pentru a inlatura raspunderea sa este obligat: sa informeze armatorul inainte de a semna. 0sa informeze armatorul si primitorul marfurilor inainte de a semna. 0sa depuna un protest notarului local cu privire la starea marfurilor sau a ambalajelor. 1

1115 O nava cu 4 hambare incarca 14000 tone marfuri generale la o norma de 600 tone pe gura de hambar pe zi calculata la 24 de ore consecutive in :5 zile si 20 ore 15 zile si 18 ore 05 zile si 22 ore 0

1116 Regulile de la Hamburg permit inserarea in conosament a clauzelor de exonerare?Da 0Nu 1Nu se prevede expres. 0

1117 Regulile de la Hamburg prevad ca persoana indreptatita sa faca o reclamatie pentru pierderea marfurilor, poate considera marfurile ca pierdute daca:acestea nu au fost livrate in termen de 60 de zile consecutive de la expirarea termenului de livrare.1acestea nu au fost livrate in termen de 30 de zile consecutive de la expirarea termenului de livrare.0acestea nu au fost livrate in termen de 45 de zile consecutive de la expirarea termenului de livrare.0

1118 Regulile de la Hamburg prevad ca raspunderea carausului pentru daune rezultate din pierderea sau avarierea produsa marfurilor este limitata la o suma echivalenta cu:845 de unitati de cont pe colet sau alta unitate de transport, sau 2,5 unitati de cont pe kilogram de greutate bruta a marfurilor pierdute sau avariate, oricare din ele este mai nmare. 0835 de unitati de cont pe colet sau alta unitate de transport, sau 2,5 unitati de cont pe kilogram de greutate bruta a marfurilor pierdute sau avariate, oricare din ele este mai nmare. 1

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835 de unitati de cont pe colet sau alta unitate de transport, sau 3,5 unitati de cont pe kilogram de greutate bruta a marfurilor pierdute sau avariate, oricare din ele este mai nmare. 0

1119 Regulile de la Hamburg prevad ca raspunderea carausului pentru intarziere in livrarea marfurilor este limitata la un cuantum echivalent cu:de doua ori si jumatate valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere. 1de doua ori valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere. 0de trei ori valoarea navlului platibil pentru marfurile livrate cu intarziere. 0

1120 Regulile de la Hamburg se aplica atunci cand:: Conosamentul sau alt document care face dovada contractului de transport pe mare este "clean".0Portul de descarcare se afla intr-un stat ce a ratificat conventia. 1Portul de descarcare se afla inscris in conosament. 0

1121 Regulile de la Hamburg se aplica contractului de navlosire?Nu se prevede expres. 0Da 0Nu 1

1122 Regulile de la Hamburg se aplica in una din urmatoarele situatii: La toate contractele de transport pe mare intre doua state diferite daca portul de incarcare se afla intr-un stat ce a ratificat conventia. 1La toate contractele de transport pe mare intre doua state diferite daca au convenit ca atare. 0La toate contractele de transport pe mare intre doua state diferite daca plata navlului se face in momentul livrarii marfii. 0

1123 Termenul "incarcator" conform Regulilor de la Hamburg 1978 are urmatoarea semnificatie:Orice persoana de catre care sau in numele careia sau din autorizarea careia s-a incheiat cu carausul un contract de transport de marfuri 0Orice persoana de catre care sau in numele careia s-a incheiat cu carausul un contract de transport0Orice persoana de catre care sau in numele careia sau din autorizarea careia s-a incheiat cu carausul un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare 1

1124 Un conosament este "fractionat impropriu" sau bun de livrare atunci cand:documentul fractionat este eliberat de posesorul legitim al conosamentului initial, fara nici o interventie din partea navlositorului sau armatorului 1documentul fractionat este eliberat de posesorul legitim al conosamentului la solicitarea navlositorului 0documentul fractionat este eliberat de posesorul legitim al conosamentului la solicitarea armatorului 0

1125 Un conosament este "la purtator" atunci cand:Nu este indicata persoana careia I se transmite conosamentul 0Pe conosament sunt inscrise cuvintele "la purtator" 1Este detinut de comandantul navei 0

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1126 Ce are la baza regimul juridic specific contractelor comerciale de vanzare internationala ?Tratate internationale 0Tratatele internationale, uzurile si uzantele uniforme internationale, sistemul de drept ales de parti si, in principal, clauzele inscrise in contract 1Intelegerea intre parti 0

1127 Ce este TIME-SHEET-ul ?Documentul care evidentiaza zilnic de la inaintarea noticelui, curgerea staliilor,eventualele contrastalii sau despatch 1Documentul care evidentiaza curgerea staliilor,eventualele contrastalii sau dispatch 0Documentul care evidentiaza curgerea staliilor 0

1128 Ce presupune caracterul consensual al unui charter-party?Armatorul se obliga sa puna la dispozitie nava pentru a transporta marfurile 0Acordul de vointa a doua persoane: armatorul si navlositorul 1Navlositorul se obliga sa plateasca navlul stabilit 0

1129 Ce se intelege prin CLEAR DAY sau CLEAR DAYS ?Ziua in care este data o notificare si ziua in care expira notificarea nu se includ in perioada notificata1Ziua in care este data o notificare si ziua in care expira notificarea se includ in perioada notificata0Ziua in care este data o notificare si ziua in care expira notificarea se includ in perioada notificata in portul de descarcare 0

1130 Ce se intelege prin CONTRASTALII ?Sumele pe care navlositorul este obligat sa le plateasca carausului pentru timpul reincarcare/descarcare 0Sumele pe care navlositorul este obligat sa le plateasca carausului pentru timpul de incarcare/descarcare consumat peste perioada de stalii 1Sumele pe care navlositorul este obligat sa le plateasca carausului pentru timpul de incarcare/descarcare consumat pe timp favorabil 0

1131 Ce se intelege prin stalii ?Timpul alocat pentru incarcere/descarcare 0Timpul agreat de parti in care se va tine nava la dispozitie pentru incarcare/descarcare 0Perioada de timp agreata de parti in care se va tine nava la dispozitie pentru incarcare/descarcare fara vreo plata suplimentara in afara navlului 1

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1132 Ce semnifica caracterul oneros al unui charter-party?Navlositorul se obliga sa plateasca navlul stabilit 1Armatorul se obliga sa puna la dispozitie nava pentru a transporta marfurile 0Marfa poate fi transportata peste mai multe frontiere 0

1133 Ce semnifica PER HATCH PER DAY? Timpul de stalii este dat de raportul dintre cantitatea de marfa si norma de incarcare/descarcare 0Timpul de stalii este dat de raportul dintre cantitatea de marfa si norma de incarcare/descarcare pe hambarul cu cea mai mare cantitate de marfa 0Timpul de stalii este dat de raportul dintre cantitatea de marfa si produsul dintre norma de incarcare/descarcare a marfii pe magazie cu numarul magaziilor navei 1

1134 Ce semnifica UNLESS USED la durata si calculul staliilor ?Daca se lucreaza pe timpul zilelor exceptate, numai orele efectiv lucrate conteaza ca stalii 1Daca se lucreaza pe timpul zilelor exceptate, orele efectiv lucrate nu conteaza ca stalii 0Daca se lucreaza pe timpul zilelor exceptate, din totalul orele efectiv lucrate conteaza ca stalii jumatate din acestea 0

1135 Ce semnifica WEATHER PERMITTING la durata si calculul staliilor ?Timpul cat vremea impiedica lucrul va conta in calculul staliilor la jumatate 0Timpul cat vremea impiedica lucrul va conta in calculul staliilor numai pentru zilele lucratoare 0Timpul cat vremea impiedica lucrul nu va conta ca stalii 1

1136 Ce semnificatie are clauza de substituire intr-un charter - party?Armatorul poate sa substituie nava 0Armatorul are dreptul sa substituie nava cu o nava de aceeasi clasa si de marime similara, tip si pozitie1Armatorul are dreptul sa substituie nava cu o nava de aceeasi clasa 0

1137 Ce semnificatie are clauza F.I.O. intr-un charter - party?Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare sunt suportate de navlositor 1Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare sunt suportate de proproetarul marfii 0Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare sunt suportate de armator 0

1138 Ce semnificatie are clauza F.I.O.S. intr-un charter - party?Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul proproetarului marfii 0Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul navlositorului 1Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul armatorului 0

1139 Ce semnificatie are clauza F.I.O.S.T. intr-un charter - party?

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Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare, stivuire si rujare a marfurilor sunt in contul proproetarului marfii0Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare, stivuire si rujare a marfurilor sunt in contul armatorului 0Cheltuielile de incarcare/descarcare, stivuire si rujare a marfurilor sunt in contul navlositorului 1

1140 Ce semnificatie are clauza NEW JASON intr-un charter-party?De protejare a armatorului contra consecintelor ce ar rezulta, inainte sau dupa inceperea voiajului,indiferent din ce cauza 1De protejare a armatorului contra consecintelor ce ar rezulta, dupa inceperea voiajului 0De protejare a armatorului contra consecintelor ce ar rezulta, la livrarea marfurilor in portul de destinatie 0

1141 Ce semnificatie are clauza PARAMOUNT intr-un charter-party sau conosament?Transportului si documentelor respective li se vor aplica Regulile York-Anvers-1974 0Transportului si documentelor respective li se vor aplica Regulile de la Haga 1924 1Transportului si documentelor respective li se vor aplica Regulile de la Hamburg 1978 0

1142 Ce semnificatie are DAYS referitor la durata si calculul staliilor?Perioada continua de 24 ore,care,numai daca nu se stipuleaza altfel, curge de la miezul noptii pana la miezul noptii urmatoare 1Perioada de 24 ore 0Perioada continua de 24 ore 0

1143 Clauza "incetarii raspunderii" inserata intr-un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare semnifica:Obligatiile carausului nu inceteaza la incarcarea marfurilor. 0Obligatiile navlositorului inceteaza dupa incarcarea marfurilor. 1

Obligatiile armatorului inceteaza la livrarea marfurilor. 0

1144 Clauza "LINER TERMS" intr-un charter-party semnifica:Cheltuielile legate de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul armatorului 1Cheltuielile legate de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul navlositorului 0Cheltuielile legate de incarcare/descarcare si stivuire a marfurilor sunt in contul proprietarului marfii0

1145 Clauza de avarie generala intr-un contract de navlosirte semnifica :orice avarie comuna va fi solutionata conform Regulilor de la Hamburg. 0orice avarie comuna va fi solutionata conform Regulilor de la Haga. 0orice avarie comuna va fi solutionata conform Regulilor York-Anvers. 1

1146 Clauza de deviere intr-un contract de navlosirte permite comandantului sa se abata din drum pentru aprovizionare cu alimente ?Da 0

207

Nu 1Da cu acordul armatorului 0

1147 Conform "cesser clause" carausul are drept de retentia asupra incarcaturii ?Da 1Nu 0Da, cu acordul incarcatorului 0

1148 Conform "Lien clause" : Navlositorul se obliga sa plateasca navlul stability 0Armatorul este in drept sa nu predea marfa sau o parte din marfa in portul de descarcare, pana nu primeste navlul convenit. 1Primitorul marfii se obliga sa plateasca navlul stabilit 0

1149 Conform clauzei de cancello inserata intr-un contract de navlosire, optiunea navlositorului de rezilliere a contractului sau de acceptare a intarzierii rezonabile a navei trebuie sa parvina navei in timp de cel mult :48 de ore 136 de ore 024 de ore 0

1150 Conform clauzei de retentie inserata intr-un contract de navlosire, retentia marfurilor este generata de :legea locului de incarcare a marfurilor 0legea locului carausului marfurilor 0legea locului de descarcare a marfurilor 1

1151 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg carausul efectiv este raspunzator pentru intarzierea in livrare cauzata printr-o imprejurare care s-a produs in timp ce marfurile erau in grija sa ? Nu 0Da 1Nu se prevede expres 0

1152 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg destinatarul are obligatia sa transmita carausului o notificare scrisa de pierdere sau de avariere a marfurilor : cel mai tarziu la expirarea a 12 ore de la predarea marfurilor de catre caraus. 0cel mai tarziu la expirarea a 24 de ore de la predarea marfurilor de catre caraus. 0cel mai tarziu in ziua lucratoare care urmeaza zilei cand marfurile i-au fost predate de catre caraus.1

208

1153 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg raspunderea carausului pentru marfuri acopera perioada in care :marfurile sunt in grija sa pe timpul transportului. 0marfurile sunt in grija sa pe timpul transportului si la portul de descarcare. 0marfurile sunt in grija sa la portul de incarcare, pe timpul transportului si la portul de descarcare.1

1154 Conform Regulilor de la Hamburg termenul "caraus efectiv" inseamna:persoana care a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare cu un incarcator. 0persoana careia I s-a incredintat de catre caraus, efectuarea partiala sau in intregime a unui transport de marfuri. 1persoana care a incheiat un contract de transport de marfuri pe mare cu proprietarul marfurilor respective.. 0

1155 Daca actele unei nave angajata in "time charter" expira in perioada de angajare, armatorul are obligatia:Sa prelungeasca actele navei 0Sa suspende angajarea "time charter" pe durata prelungirii actelor 0Sa inlocuiasca nava cu o nava "sora", fara a afecta interesele navlositorului 1

1156 In cadrul unui contract "charter-party", in timpul calatoriei, comandantul va respecta ordinele navlositorului referitoare la : Aspectele comerciale ale voiajului 1Aspectele legate de echipaj 0Aspectele legate de echipaj si porturile de escala 0

1157 In contractul "charter parter-by demiser" conosamentul semnat de comandant este un contract cu:Proprietarul navei 0Vanzatorul marfii 0Navlositorul - chirias 1

1158 In contractul "time charter" comandantul este obligat sa execute :Toate ordinele armatorului in ceea ce priveste porturile de incarcare 0Ordinele navlositorului in ceea ce priveste nava 0Toate ordinele armatorului in ceea ce priveste nava si echipajul 1

1159 Intrarea unei nave in "time charter" se face pe baza de :Acord intre parti 0Expertiza 1

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Anul de livrare a navei 0

1160 Intr-un charter-party clauza de brokeraj stabileste:comisionul platit unui curtier maritim pentru incheierea tranzactiei de navlosire a navei sau pentru procurarea de navlu partial. 1comisionul necesar pentru incheierea tranzactiei de navlosire a navei sau pentru procurarea de navlu partial. 0comisionul solicitat de armator si necesar pentru incheierea tranzactiei de navlosire a navei sau pentru procurarea de navlu partial. 0

1161 Intr-un contract ""voyage charter", comandantul executa ordinele primite de la :Navlositor 0Armator 1Armator, navlositor, broker 0

1162 Intr-un contract "time charter" comandantul navei si echipajul sunt la ordinul:Armatorului 1Navlositorului 0Chiriasului navei 0

1163 Intr-un contract "time charter" stivuirea marfurilor si asigurarea unei bune stabilitati a navei sunt in sarcina::Incarcatorului marfii 0Comandantului navei 1Navlositorului 0

1164 Intr-un contract "voyage charter" armatorul :

Pastreaza controlul navei din punct de vedere legal 0Pastreaza controlul navei din punct de vedere comercial 0Pastreaza controlul navei atat din punct de vedere legal, cat si din punct de vedere comercial 1

1165 Intr-un contract "voyage charter" armatorul pastreaza controlul asupra navei din punct de vedere:legal 0comercial 0legal si comercial 1

1166 Intr-un contract "voyage charter" comandantul va executa ordinele referitoare la conditiile de transport primite de la: navlositor 0incarcatorul marfii 0

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armatorul navei 1

1167 Intr-un contract "voyage charter" comandantul va executa ordinele referitoare la marfurile ce urmeaza a fi incarcate primite de la: armatorul navei 1navlositor 0incarcatorul marfii 0

1168 Intr-un contract "voyage charter" comandantul va executa ordinele referitoare la porturile de incarcere si descarcare primite de la: navlositor 0armatorul navei 1incarcatorul marfii 0

1169 Intr-un contract BALTIME suspendarea chiriei devine efectiva daca nava nu poate fi operata din deficit de personal pe o perioada ce depaseste :12 ore consecutive 024 de ore consecutive 118 ore consecutive 0

1170 Intr-un contract BALTIME toate instructiunile si dispozitiile pentru navigatie vor fi furnizate comandantului navei de catre :Navlositor 1Armator 0Incarcatorul marfii 0

1171 Intr-un contract by demise combustibilul, materialele de intretinere si proviziile sunt in sarcina:Proprietarului marfilor 0Proprietarului navei 0Armatorului-navlositor 1

1172 Intr-un contract by demise dreptul de a alege echipajul navei il are:chiriasul navei 1armatorul 0armatorul sau chiriasul navei 0

1173 Intr-un contract by demise dreptul de a numi comandantul navei il are:armatorul 0armatorul sau chiriasul navei 0

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chiriasul navei 1

1174 Intr-un contract by demise mentinerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate revine:Chiriasului navei 1Armatorului 0armatorului sau chiriasului navei 0

1175 Intr-un contract by demise navlositorul-chirias este in sensul legii:Navlositorul marfii 0Vanzatorul marfii 0Armator-navlositor si caraus 1

1176 Intr-un contract by demise raspunderea fata de incarcatori sau terti care au interese in marfurile transportate revine:armatorului navei 0navlositorului – chirias 1proprietarului marfurilor 0

1177 Intr-un contract by demise recompensa de salvare revine:echipajului navei 0armatorului navei 0navlositorului – chirias 1

1178 Intr-un contract by demise salariile si intretinerea echipajului sunt in sarcina:Armatorului-navlositor 1Proprietarului marfilor 0Proprietarului navei 0

1179 Intr-un contract by demise taxele portuare si onorariile agentilor sunt in sarcina:Proprietarului marfilor 0Armatorului-navlositor 1Proprietarului navei 0

1180 La o angajare "time charter", cand voiajul este intrerupt datorita unor defectiuni tehnice, navlositorul este indreptatit: Sa plateasca jumatate din chirie pentru perioada respectiva 0Sa nu plateasca chirie pentru perioada respectiva 1

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Sa rezilieze contractul 0

1181 Recompensa de salvare castigata de o nava inchiriata prin contract "by demise" revine:Navlositorului - chirias 1Proprietarului navei 0Vanzatorului marfii 0

1182 Transportul marfurilor efectuate pe punte, contrar unei intelegeri exprese este considerat, conform Regulilor de la Hamburg :ca un act sau o omisiune a carausului 1ca un act sau o omisiune a proprietarului marfurilor. 0ca un act sau o omisiune a primitorului marfurilor. 0

1183 Valoarea inscrisa la rubrica "Allowable stacking weight for 1,8 g" de pe placuta de securitate C.S.C. a containerului semnifica:greutatea ce poate fi stivuita deasupra unui container, astfel ca in timpul calatoriei solicitarile dinamice sa nu avarieze containerul. 1greutatea ce poate fi stivuita in container, astfel ca in timpul calatoriei solicitarile dinamice sa nu avarieze containerul 0greutatea ce poate fi stivuita intr-un container. 0

213