Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW...
Transcript of Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW...
![Page 1: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry
An informal presentationby Kenneth M. Nichols, Weyerhaeuser Company
Presented to Students and Faculty of theUniversity of Washington
at the ME 523 Seminar series – Energy and EnvironmentOctober 20, 2004
![Page 2: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Principle areas of energy use within Weyerhaeuser Company
• Pulp and paper manufacture
• Wood products manufacture
– Kraft pulp– Mechanical pulp– Containerboard– Printing papers– Other
– Lumber– Plywood– OSB (Oriented Strand
Board)– LSL (Laminated Strand
Lumber– Composites (particleboard,
fiberboard)– Other
![Page 3: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Pulp and Paper
![Page 4: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Weyerhaeuser energy data 2003(acquired from http://www.weyerhaeuser.com/environment/sustainability)
![Page 5: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pulp and Paper manufacture
Biomass Fuel (67%)• Recovery Boilers (spent pulping
liquor)
• Power Boilers (wood-waste, sludge, rejects)
Fossil Fuel (25%)• Power Boilers
• Lime Kilns
• NCG Incinerators
Purchased Electricity (7%)
![Page 6: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
yr
yr
Production Rates
![Page 7: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Raw Materials-Wood Fiber• Whole timber or
chips are delivered to the mill
• The logs are cut and debarked
• Debarked logs are chipped in preparation for pulping
![Page 8: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Kraft (or Chemical) PulpingIn chemical pulping, the objective is to separate the wood fibers by dissolving the lignin with chemicals and heat.
)
![Page 9: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chemical Pulping• In the digester, wood
chips are mixed with chemicals and cooked with steam to separate the fibers in the wood.
• The material holding the fibers together, lignin, is dissolved in this process. (Most wood contains 18-30% lignin)
![Page 10: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chemical Pulping
Pulping processes are chosen for yield and pulp strength.
– Increased lignin removal reduces yield
– Overly aggressive chemistry degrades the cellulose and reduces pulp quality
![Page 11: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PULPING PROCESS
Chipper
Washers
Digester
Precipitators
Pulp
LimeLimestone
Evaporators
Smelt
Clarifier
ChemicalMixing Tank
Black Liquor Tank
Recovery Furnace Green Liquor Tank
TreesSlakerCausticizersWhite
LiquorTank
![Page 12: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Typical Recovery Boiler
Liquor Composition:
Carbon 37.2%Na 18.2%Sulfur 3.7%hydrogen 3.5%Oxygen 35.1%Inerts 0.3%Potassium 1.4%Chlorine 0.6%
![Page 14: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Papermaking ProcessChemical Recovery Boiler
• Concentrated black liquor (70% solids) is sprayed into the furnace
• Droplets are formed, which dry, swell, pyrolyze, and burn
![Page 15: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Black liquor combustion model
![Page 17: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Typical Fiber Sourcing
Recycled Virgin Fiber
Other1%1%
40%40%
59%59%
![Page 18: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
PULPING PROCESS
Chipper
Washers
Digester
Precipitators
Pulp
LimeLimestone
Evaporators
Smelt
Clarifier
ChemicalMixing Tank
Black Liquor Tank
Recovery Furnace Green Liquor Tank
TreesSlakerCausticizersWhite
LiquorTank
![Page 19: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Function of Lime Kiln
• The causticizing process that produces white liquor from green liquor consumes lime (CaO) and produces lime mud (CaCO3) as a by-product.
• The function of the lime kiln is to convert CaCO3 back to CaO for reuse in the causticizing process.
CaCO3 ↔ CaO + CO2
Flame Chains Feed Spirals
Solids Flow
Gas Flow
Dam or Nose Ring
![Page 21: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Lime Kiln Zones
PreheatCalcination Drying
Distance Along Kiln (ft)
Tem
pera
ture
(°F)
2500
3000
0 50 100 150 200 250 3000
500
1000
1500
2000
GasSolids
The zones in the kiln are easy to distinguish using the bulk solids temperature profile. The drying zone is the region where the bulk solids temperature is constant, at a value of about 175°F. The bulk solids temperature in the calcining zone is constant at 1600°F, though the surface temperature of the solids can be as much as 500°F higher. The peak flame temperature is near 2800°F, with an exit gas temperature around 400°F.
Bulk Solids
Solids Surface
Flame Chains Feed Spirals
Solids Flow
Gas Flow
Dam or Nose Ring
![Page 24: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Wood Products
![Page 25: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Weyerhaeuser energy data 2003(acquired from http://www.weyerhaeuser.com/environment/sustainability)
![Page 26: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Wood products manufacture
Biomass Fuel (53%)• Boilers (bark, sawdust, sanderdust,
board trim, rejects)
• Burners
Fossil Fuel (23%)• Boilers
• BurnersPurchased Electricity (17%)
Purchased Steam (7%)
![Page 27: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Comparison with other WeyCosites
![Page 42: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Approximate illustration of current fuel distribution
![Page 50: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Desired fuel distribution
![Page 51: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Example of tramp air source
![Page 52: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Combustion Processes in the Forest Products Industry UW ...faculty.washington.edu/malte/OldSite/seminar/Au04/Nichols.pdf · Weyerhaeuser Company • Pulp and paper manufacture •](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050502/5f93f7b76e38c765ea20d2a2/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)