Combining energy efficiency & renewables in a sustainable energy system
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Transcript of Combining energy efficiency & renewables in a sustainable energy system
Combining energy-efficiency and renewables in a sustainable energy system
Sustainable Innovation in the Megalopolis
Mexico City June 17th 2014
20/06/2014
Renee Heller
© ECOFYS | |
Mission, Vision & Values – Facts & Figures
20/06/20143
Facts & Figures
• Founded in 1984• Over 250 professionals, 7
offices in 6 countries• Over 500 clients served
across 50 countries• Leading experts: the Nobel
Peace Prize 2007, awarded to Al Gore and the IPCC, was supported by 10 Ecofys experts
• Eneco Shareholder since 2009
Missionsustainable energy for everyone
VisionBased on our deep expertise in energy & carbon-efficiency, renewable energy, energy systems & markets, and energy & climate policy, we develop smart policies and solutions and bring them to life.
We know that, if we act now, by 2050 our global energy system can be sustainable, secure, affordable and fully based on renewable sources.
We aim to create a sustainable energy system for everyone.
ValuesDedication Originality Impact Trust
Renee Heller
© ECOFYS | | 20/06/20144
How we work
Traditionally: supply oriented approach
Energy
generation
Energy
conversion
Energy
use
Ecofys thinking: start with (people) needs
Renee Heller
© ECOFYS | |
What’s the issue?
a. growing demand for energy
b. fossil fuel supplies tight
c. CO2-emissions must be reduced
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The Energy Report - Transition o a fully sustainable global energy system by 2050
Source: The Energy Report, WWF & Ecofys, 2011
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Industry
Buildings
Transport
Baseline (approx.)
What’s the solution?
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Fin
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y (
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Nuclear
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
Bio: Algae
Bio: Crops
Bio: Complementary Fellings
Bio: Traditional
Bio: Residues & Waste
Hydropower
Geothermal Heat
Geothermal Electricity
Solar thermal
Concentrated Solar Heat
Concentrated Solar Power
Photovoltaic Solar
Wave & Tidal
Wind: Off-shore
Wind: On-shore
strong energy efficiency to reduce energy use….
….plus strong ramp-up of renewable energy sources
WWF/Ecofys – The Energy Report (world 2011)WWF/Ecofys - 2030 RE targets (EU 2013)
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Stabilisation in buildings results from ambitious
energy efficiency improvements
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Fin
al energ
y (EJ/
a)
Source: Ecofys
The Energy Report - Transition to a fully sustainable global energy system by 2050
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Heating & Cooling
� New buildings: near-zero energy use
� Existing buildings: retrofitted at an ambitious rate
� Cooling: provided with renewable / local cooling solutions
Local solutions
� Solar water heating systems will provide half of all water needs
� Electric heat pumps will replace fuel use with renewable electricity
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electricity
heat
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Reduced demand for raw materials and increased
efficiency are key in industry
> Material efficiency
> Shift to current most efficient technologies
> Alternative production pathways and recycling
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2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Fin
al energ
y (
EJ/
a)
Fuels (not yetreplaceable)
Fuels(A sectors)
High T Heat(B sectors)
Electricity
‘A’ sectors = steel, cement, aluminium, paper; ‘B’ sectors: chemicals, food, other
Source: Ecofys
© ECOFYS | |
Electrification is key to sustainability in transport
> No major reduction of travel volume
> Ambitious modal shifts towards efficient transport modes, e.g. from car to rail
> Ambitious assumptions on efficiency improvements in existing technologies
> Decisive shift to electric forms of transport
> Renewable fuels
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Fuel - Aviation
Fuel - Shipping
Fuel - Road/Rail
ElectricitySource: Ecofys
© ECOFYS | |
Why is smartness in buildings / cities needed ?
A city can be defined as ‘smart’ when investments in human and
social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT)
communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic
development and a high quality of life, with a wise management of
natural resources, through participatory action and engagement.
(Caragliu et al. 2009)
> Transformation to more RE in system: demand and supply need
smarter matching to keep it working and affordable
– Less base load
– More non-dispatchable sources (wind, solar)
– More de-central supply (solar)
> Efficiency in the chain is low
> Savings by feedback (consumers)
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Climate appropriate building planning
> Protection against overheating in summer!!!
> Protection against heating demand in winter
> Production of renewable energy (electricity and/or domestic hot
water)
� Focus on reducing the cooling demand
> Use sun when you can : Solar hot water, Electricity: PV
> Keep sun out of building:
– Shading / orientation
– Insulation / thermal mass
– ventilation
> Use day – night changes
> Urban planning / solar planning
> Smart electricity system
> Save on electricity use
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Passive Heating - Double low-e glazing
� The effects of different glazing types on the energy balance depend highly on the orientation.
� Double low-e glazing is usually required to guarantee high winter thermal comfort even without radiators
� The lower U- and g- values of double low-e glazing are also advantageous in summer.
� Optimize U and G-value/SHGC!
www.commercialwindows.org
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Passive Heating - Insulation
> Good thermal protection and high insulation
levels are a prerequisite for low heating
demands
– Good insulated roofs and walls reduce heat
transfers into and out of the building
– Insulated window frames reduce interior losses in
winter and reduce solar gains in summer
– Provide high thermal comfort
� Use walls and roofs with adapted insulation thickness.
� Take care of local construction methods.
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Heat islands
> The annual mean air temperature of a city with one million people or
more can be:
– 1–3°C warmer than its surroundings (day)
– 12°C higher during the night
www.epa.gov
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Mitigation of heat island effects
> Creating green roofs
> Installing cool - mainly reflective - roofs
> Using reflecting paving materials
> Increasing tree and vegetation cover
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Energy saving potentials of Data Centres
> The cooling system can require up to 50 % of
the entire energy demand of a data centre.
> A variety of best practice examples have
already demonstrated the enormous saving
potentials . Smart design and application of
energy efficiency measures can result in
potential energy savings of over 85 %
compared to the standard option.
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Realised energy savings through the refurbishment of an existing data centre of the E-Plus Group
Temperature distribution and air flows of an air cooled server
room with a hot and cold corridor concept (CFD simulation)
In a project dealing with refurbishment of data centresbelonging to the E-Plus Group , Ecofys could show that savings of more than 40 % were possible, by merely implementing so called “low hanging fruit measures” with payback times of less than two years
© ECOFYS | |
Energy legislation on new houses in NL
> Standard for energy
efficiency of new houses
(EPC) is constantly adapted
to higher efficiency
> 2020 : energy neutral
Energy saving measures:
> Insulation
> Heat pumps
> Solar heaters
> PV
EPC development in NL
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Legislation/governmental action takes away some
barriers for integration of RE / EE
> Some barriers:
– Permitting procedures: duration / one stop shop
– No cap on amount of electricity you feed-in
– Financial: guarantee for loans (with large
investments)
> Dutch examples:
– Masterplan of heat and cold storage
– Net metering
– Geothermal energy loans
> EU level:
– Smart meters
– Eco design
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Challenge and local solutions in renovation:
Non financial barriers can be overcome?
Energy not biggest issue:
> Social environment: renovate or demolish?
> Urban planning
> Needs of a population growing older
Multi-stakeholder process:
> Owners: housing corporations, private owners
> Tenants (example: 70% needs to approve renovation)
> Split incentive: Limited possibilities to charge inhabitants for the renovation cost with a higher lease fee
> Municipality, energy companies, installation companies, builders you need to create win-win for everybody
Bottom-up approach can help : community working with local energy company
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> Services based on business case analyses
and future market models
> Pilots in cooperation with local
entrepreneurs and residents
Amersfoort:
1. Insight into consumption
2. Demand management using smart
software
3. PV-Box: sunlight prediction
Utrecht:
1. Smart charging of electric shared vehicles
2. Sharing solar energy
3. Storing electricity
Pilots in Amersfoort and Utrecht
Consortium: TFI, Kema, Stedin, Ecofys, Cap Gemini, Eemflow, Lomboxnet, Icaris, UURunning: 2012-2014
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Where are opportunities?
> PV: solar panels keep getting cheaper to install and are for consumers already a feasible business case
> EV: electric transport is being stimulated in society. The potential for smart grids is in possible storage capacity
> Companies that want to get started, scaling up is successful if there are benefits for everybody
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Electricity use in households
> Household are 23% of electricity use in NL
(2008)
> Energy use is still growing
> Energy saving speed per household is low
(1.1% per year)
> Energy saving potential is high (32% to
2020)
> ETS system has low influence since E-price
has low influence on use
> On top of EU policy it is possible to save ~
25% extra
> Feedback on electricity use can leed to
10% energy saving
20/06/2014 Renee Heller
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Verlichting
Stfzg+Restapparatuur
Kookapp.
verkoeling
ind.ELEKVW/WW/VENT
CE
COLD apps
WET apps.
Bron: Elektrische apparatuur in Nederlandse huishou dens, Overzicht 1980 – 2005, Scenario’s 2010 – 2020, Van Holsteijn en Kemna, 2008 .
Bron: Ehrhardt-Martinez et al.: Advanced Metering Initiatieves and Residential Feedback Programmes, ACEEE, Washington D.C., 2010.
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Consumer Behaviour
> Realisation/Insight: Insufficient grasp on the motives of consumers and
end-users
> What works and doesn’t work:
– Consumer wants to feel in control:
● Does work: a function to overrule default settings
● Doesn’t work: setting everything up by yourself, not receiving
feedback on results
– Make adjustments according to motives: These differ greatly among
consumers, depending on personal values
● Does work: status, sustainable image, being self-sufficient
● Doesn’t work: financial incentives for a small amount (creates
wrong expectations)
– Positive interaction between groups in which we belong
Report on lessons learned has been completed and will be published on the website below:
http://www.taskforceinnovatie.nl/tfi-inspireert/smart-grid:-rendement-voor-iedereen
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Conclusions
> Smart buildings/cities will:
– be necessary in transformation of energy system
● Peak reduction,
● Balancing
– Help in energy saving with consumers
> We have to / can take measures now:
> With legislation / policy
> without legislation: bottom up actions and stimulation
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© ECOFYS | | 20/06/2014 Renee Heller30
Please contact us for more information
Dr. Renee Heller
Ecofys Netherlands B.V.
Kanaalweg 15G
3526 KL Utrecht
The Netherlands
T: +31 (0)30 662-3300
I: www.ecofys.com