COMBINED SCIENCE: SYNERGY · 6 SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/2F Do not write outside the box 0...

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs/E1 8465/2F

For Examiner’s Use

Question Mark

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Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

Materials For this paper you must have: a ruler a scientific calculator the periodic table (enclosed) the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed).

Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want

to be marked. In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.

Information The maximum mark for this paper is 100. The marks for questions are shown in brackets. You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation

in your answers.

Please write clearly in block capitals.

Centre number

Candidate number

Surname

Forename(s)

Candidate signature

GCSE

COMBINED SCIENCE: SYNERGY

Foundation Tier Paper 2F

F

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SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/2F

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0 1

Figure 1 shows a wave.

Figure 1

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. 1

Which arrow shows the amplitude of the wave? [1 mark]

Tick one box.

A B C D

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. 2

Which arrow shows the wavelength of the wave? [1 mark]

Tick one box.

A B C D

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. 3

It takes 0.5 seconds for a wave in Figure 1 to travel from point P to point Q. Calculate the frequency of the waves shown in Figure 1.

[2 marks]

Frequency = Hz

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. 4

What type of wave is sound? [1 mark]

Tick one box.

Electromagnetic

Longitudinal

Transverse

Question 1 continues on the next page

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Two students carried out an experiment to determine the speed of sound.

This is the method used.

1. Student A stands 100 m away from Student B.

2. Student A bangs two blocks of wood together making a loud sound.

3. Student B starts a stopclock when he sees the blocks of wood bang together.

4. Student B stops the stopclock when he hears the sound and records the time.

5. The students repeat steps 2‒4 several times.

The students calculated the speed of sound from their results.

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. 5

Suggest the most likely source of error in the experiment. [1 mark]

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. 6

The speed of sound calculated was lower than the true speed of sound in air. Suggest one improvement to the students’ method that would give a more accurate value for the speed of sound.

[1 mark]

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. 7

A student compares the properties of visible light waves and radio waves. Which two properties are the same for both visible light waves and radio waves?

[2 marks] Tick two boxes.

Both are transverse waves

Both can travel through a vacuum

Both have the same amplitude

Both have the same frequency

Both have the same wavelength

Turn over for the next question

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0 2

An athlete decides to try a new type of protein drink after he exercises.

0 2

. 1

The athlete tests the protein drink to check it contains protein. Which solution is used to test for protein in the drink?

[1 mark] Tick one box.

Benedict’s

Biuret

Iodine

Universal indicator

0 2

. 2

What colour will the solution turn to if there is protein in the drink? [1 mark]

Tick one box.

Blue-black

Purple

Red

Yellow

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Figure 2 shows the proportion of different nutrients in the protein drink.

Figure 2

0 2

. 3

What is the ratio of sugar to protein in the protein drink? [1 mark]

Tick one box.

1:1 1:0.6 1:2 1:1.6

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. 4

Why is a high protein diet useful to an athlete? [1 mark]

Tick one box.

Provides amino acids to make new muscle.

Provides fatty acids to produce urea.

Provides glucose for energy.

Provides lactic acid for anaerobic respiration.


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When the athlete drinks the protein drink the substances are digested.

The products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream. Absorption happens in the small intestine. Figure 3 shows a section of the small intestine.

Figure 3

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. 5

How is the small intestine in Figure 3 adapted to absorb the products of digestion quickly?

[2 marks] Tick two boxes.

It has a large surface area.

It has a long diffusion pathway.

It has a thin surface.

The concentration inside the small intestine is low.

It has a poor blood supply.

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Figure 4 shows the proportion of different nutrients in four protein drinks.

Figure 4

Which protein drink should an athlete with diabetes use? Give a reason for your answer.

[2 marks]

Drink

Reason


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0 3

Large water companies can treat millions of litres of water a day. Figure 5 shows a distillation unit.

Figure 5

0 3

. 1

What is happening to the water at point A? [1 mark]

Tick one box.

Filtration

Evaporation

Melting

Sublimation

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. 2

What is happening at point B? [1 mark]

Tick one box.

Water is being boiled

Water is being lost

Water is condensing

Water is freezing

0 3

. 3

The water collected from the distillation unit is called potable water. Complete the sentence.

[1 mark]

Potable water is water that is to drink.

0 3

. 4

Give one disadvantage of using the distillation unit in Figure 5 to produce potable water.

[1 mark]


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Plants need water to survive.

Water moves through a plant in the transpiration stream. Figure 6 shows stomata on the underside of a leaf seen through a microscope.

Figure 6

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. 5

Name the cells labelled A in Figure 6. [1 mark]

0 3

. 6

Which two structures would you find in a plant cell and not in an animal cell? [2 marks]

Tick two boxes.

Chloroplasts

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Permanent vacuole

Ribosomes

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One of the cells in Figure 6 is 12 mm in length in the microscope image. The size of the real cell is 0.03 mm Calculate the magnification of the microscope. Use the equation:

magnification=size of image

size of real object

[2 marks]

Magnification =

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. 8

Table 1 shows the number of stomata on the underside of leaves from different plants.

Table 1

Plant Number of

stomata per mm2

A 423

B 146

C 549

D 109

Which plant is most likely to lose the most water in warm weather? Give a reason for your answer.

[2 marks]

Plant

Reason

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0 4

Pompe disorder is an inherited condition that affects thousands of people. Pompe disorder is caused by the GAA gene.

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. 1

What is a gene made of? [1 mark]

Figure 7 shows the inheritance of Pompe disorder in one family.

Figure 7

Pompe disorder is caused by a recessive allele. r is the allele for Pompe disorder R is the allele for no Pompe disorder

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. 2

Person 2 has Pompe disorder. What is the genotype of person 2?

[1 mark]

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. 3

Look at Figure 7. Explain how we can tell Pompe disorder is caused by a recessive allele.

[2 marks]

0 4

. 4

Persons 6 and 7 decide to have another child. Complete the genetic diagram in Figure 8.

[2 marks]

Figure 8

0 4

. 5

Draw a ring around any offspring in Figure 8 who will have Pompe disorder. [1 mark]

0 4

. 6

What is the probability of persons 6 and 7 having another child with Pompe disorder? [1 mark]


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A new drug to treat Pompe disorder has been successfullly trialled on mice. The drug now has approval for the next stage of clinical testing. Describe the next steps in testing the new drug before it can be approved for use.

[4 marks]

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DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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0 5

Race horses may be given drugs to improve their perfomance in races. This is illegal in the UK. After races, urine samples are collected from the horses. These samples are tested for drugs. Chromatography is one of the tests used to identify drugs in urine. Figure 9 shows a chromatogram.

Figure 9

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. 1

How do we know that sample 1 was a pure sample of caffeine? [1 mark]

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. 2

Calculate the Rf value for cocaine. Give your answer to 2 significant figures. Use information from Figure 9. Use the equation:

Rf = distance moved by substance

distance moved by solvent

[4 marks]

Rf value of cocaine =

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. 3

Give three conclusions about the urine sample from the horse. Use information from Figure 9.

[3 marks]

1

2

3


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0 6

Some diseases are communicable.

0 6

. 1

What does communicable disease mean? [1 mark]

Tick one box.

A disease that can be spread from one person to another.

A disease that cannot be treated with antibiotics.

A disease that is not spread from animals to humans.

A disease that is passed on through genes.

0 6

. 2

A woman becomes ill and has the following symptoms:

pain when urinating

thick yellow discharge from vagina.

Which communicable disease does the woman have? [1 mark]

Tick one box.

Gonorrhoea

HIV

Measles

Salmonella

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Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that affects the lungs.

Tuberculosis causes severe discomfort.

0 6

. 3

What type of medicine should be used to kill the tuberculosis bacteria? [1 mark]

0 6

. 4

What type of medicine should be used to treat the symptoms of TB? [1 mark]

0 6

. 5

Describe the ways in which the human body defends itself againt the tuberculosis bacterium.

[4 marks]


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0 7

This question is about the circulatory system. Figure 10 shows a human heart.

Figure 10

0 7

. 1

What is the name of vessel E? [1 mark]

Tick one box.

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

Vena cava

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. 2

Heart rate is controlled by a natural pacemaker. Where in Figure 10 is the heart’s natural pacemaker?


A B C D

An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the rhythm and electrical activity of the heart. Heart rate can be measured using an ECG. An ECG shows a peak each time the heart beats. Figure 11 is an ECG graph showing a natural resting heart rate.

Figure 11

0 7

. 3

Figure 11 shows 7 seconds of the ECG graph. Calculate the heart rate per minute shown by the ECG in Figure 11.

[2 marks]

Heart rate = beats per minute


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A man goes to hospital because he has an irregular heart rate.

Doctors measure his heart rate and fit an artificial pacemaker. Figure 12 shows ECGs for the man before and after he had a pacemaker fitted.

Figure 12

0 7

. 4

Which ECG in Figure 12 was recorded after the pacemaker was fitted and the man’s heart was working normally again. Give a reason for your answer.

[2 marks]

ECG

Reason

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. 5

Blood carries many different substances around the body. Table 2 shows information about different substances in blood samples.

Table 2

Blood sample

Substance

Carbon dioxide in mg

Glucose in mg/dm3

Oxygen in mg/dm3

Sodium chloride in mg/dm3

A 1100 90 262 312

B 1054 91 256 320

C 1070 96 270 315

D 1400 88 198 310

A student concludes:

blood sample D was taken from a vein

blood samples A, B and C were taken from arteries. Give two reasons to support the conclusion that blood sample D was taken from a vein. Use Table 2.

[2 marks]

1

2


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Complete the sentence. [1 mark]

Carbon dioxide moves from cells into the blood through the walls of

blood vessels called .

0 7

. 7

Figure 13 shows the structure of an artery and the structure of a vein.

Figure 13

Give two differences in the structure of an artery compared with the structure of a vein.

[2 marks]

1

2

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0 8

Students investigated the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in pondweed. Figure 14 shows the equipment the students used.

Figure 14

This is the method used. 1. Place the lamp 50 cm from the pondweed.

2. Count the number of bubbles of gas released in two minutes.

3. Repeat steps 1–2 with the lamp at different distances from the pondweed.

0 8

. 1

The students could not make a firm conclusion because their method did not control enough variables. Give two variables the students have not controlled that would affect the rate of photosynthesis.

[2 marks]

1

2


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Table 3 shows the students’ results.

Table 3

Distance of lamp from the pondweed in cm

Number of bubbles released in two minutes

1 2 3 4 Mean

50 5 8 6 5 6

40 10 8 9 4 9

30 12 12 15 17 14

20 25 17 23 24 24

10 22 34 31 31 X

0 8

. 2

Calculate the mean rate of bubbles produced per minute when the lamp was 10 cm from the pondweed.

[3 marks]

Mean rate = bubbles per minute

0 8

. 3

The mean number of bubbles released when the lamp was 30 cm away from the plant was greater than when the lamp was 50 cm away. How many times greater?

[1 mark]

Number of times greater =

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. 4

The students wanted to find out if different wavelengths of light affect the number of bubbles released. Describe how the method could be adapted to find the effect of different wavelengths of light.

[2 marks]


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0 9

Students investigated the specific heat capacity of different oils. Figure 15 shows the equipment used.

Figure 15

This is the method used.

1. Put 200 g of an oil in a beaker.

2. Record the temperature of the oil.

3. Switch on the heater.

4. After 5 minutes, record the temperature of the oil and the reading on

the joulemeter.

5. Repeat steps 1‒4 with different oils.

0 9

. 1

Give one variable the students controlled in the investigation. [1 mark]


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Table 4 shows the students’ results for one oil.

Table 4

Temperature at start in C

Temperature after 5 minutes in C

21 68

0 9

. 2

What is the resolution of the thermometer used in the investigation? [1 mark]

Resolution = °C

The students calculated the specific heat capacity of the oil as 2100 J/kg °C The correct value for the specific heat capacity of the oil is 1630 J/kg °C

0 9

. 3

Calculate the percentage difference between the two values. [2 marks]

Percentage difference = %

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0 9

. 4

Suggest two improvements the students could make to obtain a more accurate value for the specific heat capacity.

[2 marks]

1

2

0 9

. 5

A company is considering what metal to use to make saucepans. They use data about the:

cost of each metal

specific heat capacity of each metal. Suggest two other properties the company needs to consider when deciding which metal to use.

[2 marks]

1

2


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1 0

Human activities can affect our ecosystem. Figure 16 shows information about how the area of ocean with sea ice in the arctic has changed between 1979 and 2016.

Figure 16

1 0

. 1

Give two conclusions you can make from the data shown in Figure 16. [2 marks]

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2

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. 2

The area of ocean with sea ice in the arctic has changed. Most scientists believe this is due to the activities of humans. Explain the activities of humans that have led to the changes in sea ice from 1979 to 2016.

[6 marks]


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1 1

Human activity contributes to pollution. The concentration of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere is measured in different places across the world. Figure 17 shows the diameter of some different particles.

Figure 17

1 1

. 1

PM2.5 are particles which are 2.5 × 10–6 m in diameter or smaller. What is the maximum diameter of PM2.5 particles in millimetres?


0.025

0.0025

0.000025

0.00000025

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1 1

. 2

Which two particles in Figure 17 are included in the PM2.5 measure of air pollution? [2 marks]

Tick two boxes.

Beach sand

Cement dust

Pollen

Soot

Tobacco smoke


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Figure 18 shows how the concentration of PM2.5 affects death rates.

Figure 18

1 1

. 3

Compare the effect of PM2.5 concentration on the death rate from lung cancer with the death rate from other lung diseases. Use data from Figure 18 in your answer.

[2 marks]

1 1

. 4

Why do PM2.5 particles cause these negative health effects? [1 mark]

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1 1

. 5

Figure 19 shows air pollution information collected in one city in 18 hours.

Figure 19

Suggest two possible reasons for the rise in PM2.5 concentration from 6 am to 2 pm. [2 marks]

1

2

1 1

. 6

Air Quality Index (AQI) is a measure of pollution in the atmosphere. When the AQI value reaches 201 it is judged to be ‘very unhealthy’. Suggest one precaution people should take if AQI rises above 201

[1 mark]

END OF QUESTIONS

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Copyright information Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House, Guildford, GU2 7XJ. Acknowledgement of copyright holders and publishers Figure 16 © National Snow and Ice Data Center Figure 18 Adapted from JAMA March 6, 2002; 287 (9) 1132-1141. Copyright © 2017 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

COMBINED SCIENCE: SYNERGY · 6 SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/2F Do not write outside the box 0...

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