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COMBATING LAND DEGRADATION COMBATING LAND DEGRADATION as an IMPLEMENTATION of NAP to the UNCCDas an IMPLEMENTATION of NAP to the UNCCD

IN INDONESIAIN INDONESIA

International Conference on Combating DesertificationInternational Conference on Combating DesertificationBeijing Beijing -- China, 22China, 22--24 January 200824 January 2008

Dry areas

Silver Hutabarat

Ministry of Forestry - Indonesia

““Drought and desertification threaten the Drought and desertification threaten the livelihood of over 1 billion people in more livelihood of over 1 billion people in more

than 110 countries around the worldthan 110 countries around the world””

((KofiKofi AnnanAnnan, 2006), 2006)

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222 PR. II

176 PR III

60 Pr I

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Rate of Rehabilitation

Rate of Deforestation

Y

QDEFORESTADEFORESTATION AND LAND DEGRADATIONTION AND LAND DEGRADATION

± 1,08 million ha/yr

± 500.000 -700.000 ha/ yr

• National Action Programme (NAP) to combat land degradation– Was formulated participatively started

from 1998– Was adopted in 2002.

• AFTERWARD, it is implemented through many programmes and activities, such as: – Launching Reforestation/Afforestation

programmes in 2003 (in priority watersheds)

– Embung development (in NTT)– Agrosilvopasture development (in

NTB)

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GNRHL/Gerhan as a national movementfor reforestation and land rehabilitation carried out by the Ministry of Forestry with target area of 5 million ha of degraded land all over the country for 7 years (2003-2009),

Forest and land rehabilitation as a regular programme, streambank reclamation (ex. bamboo planting), terraces construction and planting system, gully plug, check dam, riprap, using of ground water in dry area with pumping system (ex. in Pringgabaya), etc.

LAUNCHING RE/AFORESTATION PROGRAMME

SEBELUM RHL, LOKASI DI KAB. TANAH LAUT KALSEL

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• Embung is small water reservoir • Suitable in elevated or depressed areas (valleys) • Suitable when rainfall more than 800 – 1500 mm/yr • Need at least 0.2 – 0.5 hectare of terrace rice

catchment• Or 0.6 – 1.0 hectare of grassland catchment

EMBUNG DEVELOPMENTin East Nusatenggara (NTT)

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Advantages :• Improves food production (crops, fish, fruit trees, etc)

• Promotes conservation and ecological balance

• Involves low investment cost per hectare

• Easy to construct

• Provide alternative (often high-return) uses to offset sacrificed land area

• Protects against drought

• Allows irrigation by gravity (no additional power costs)

• Mostly individually owned; hence, minimal social problems.

Embung is the best Practice on Soil Conservation in dry land of East

Nusa Tenggara

Its water deposit may be used for domestic purposes, and small agricultural practices in home gardens, which based on efficiently watering system such as potted farming, drip farming and sprinkle farming systems.

The presence of Embung(runoff water reservoir) in the Indonesian dry land area (savanna)

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Simple Drip irrigation

water

Constraints for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Degraded Land, at semi arid areas or dry subhumid tropics are:• Low rainfall (<1000 mm/year)• Simple /traditional agriculture technology• Poor farmers

These conditions cause the development of sustainable agriculture become:• Costly• Somewhat difficult• Risky to failure

AGROSILVOPASTURE DEVELOPMENTIn West Nusa Tenggara

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Therefore some farmers, in order to sustain their life, have to undertake activities that might deteriorate the environment such as :

– cutting woods to the forest,– squattering forest land and practicing shifting

cultivation, – farming on steepland, and – other farming practices without adequate soil

and water conservation techniques.

These conditions have resulted in :• Low family income, poor farmers• Many children at school age did not go to

school• Many divorce cases• Lack of food, malnutrition diseases• Low agriculture production• Poor environment condition• Severe erosion• High unemployment

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Agrosylvopasture (ASP) system has the following characteristics:

– Multi rows of legume trees for fodder, mixed with livestocks and food crops

– Capability to maximize the natural synergetic relation of soil-plant-livestock-atmosphere

– Flexibility to adopt modern agriculture technology – Flexibility to accomodate various agricultural

institutions– Compatible for establishing agribusiness and

agro industry– Compatible for restoring/rehabilitation degraded

land and preventing land degradation– Effectivity to increase farmers income.

Agrosylvopasture in NTB

• Use local input (species) Sesbania, Gliricidia, Flemingia, Leucaena, etc.

• Use local knowledge and practices• Suitable to local socio culture• Livestock as economic component

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• ASP with multi rows of legume trees provide fodder for livestock all year long at substantial amount

• Income from livestock and additional food crop production from ASP can increase the community welfare and food security

• ASP systems can restore degraded land and conserve land and water resources

THANK YOU