1. Combat Against Casino Frauds

2. AgendaIntroductionPopular Casino GamesDemonstration of BlackjackTypes of FraudTypes of CollusionNews and ArticlesTechnologies used in Casinos Information to KnowledgeSharing Information / KnowledgeConclusion 3. Casino over the years "Casino" in Italian means a small country villa or summerhouse 4. What is gambling?BlackjackGambling PokerRoulette 5. Popular DestinationsMonte Carlo Casino 6. Popular DestinationsLisboa Macau 7. Popular Destinations Bellagio Las Vegas 8. Casino Security Financial SecuritySurveillance CasinoSecurityRules of Conduct and Transmission SecurityBehavior for players 9. Popular Casino Games 10. BaccaratBaccarat is a traditional casino game thatoriginated in Italy. You bet yourhand will win 11. BaccaratIf the bankers hand winsHe retains the shoe If your hand wins The shoe passes to you from the banker 12. Roulette Players may choose to place bets on either anumber, a range of numbers, the colour redor black, or whether the number is odd oreven. Each bet has a different pay-out based on theodds of winning losing with that particulargame.To determine the winning number andcolour, an attendant spins a wheel oneway, then spins a ball the opposite wayaround a circular track running around theedge of the wheel. 13. Roulette The ball eventually will lose speed and fall on to the wheel and intoone of the numbers on the wheel. Before the wheel is spun you place a bet on a number, range ofnumbers, colour, or whether the number will be odd or even.Some of these bets are less likely to hit, so if you hit for example asingle number, you will get a big payoff. On the other hand if you place a bet on whether the number will bered or black, then you have a 50/50 shot at getting that correct, so thepayoff is only 1:1. 14. BlackjackBlackjack is one of the most popular andexciting casino games around. 12 3When playing Then you and "Blackjack" occursblackjack youthe dealer get when the first twofirst place your one card dealt cards dealt are an Acebet. face downcombined with a card and one card valued at 10 (Ten, face up. Jack, Queen or King) 15. Demonstration of Casino GameBlackjack 16. Rules of Blackjack Objective of the game is to obtain a higher combinedvalue of the cards than the dealer, without exceeding21 Blackjack equals total value of 21 Card is equal to the face value except for: Jack, Queen, King Value of 10 Ace Value of 1 or 11 No splitting (for pairs), doubling down, etc. Each player initially gets 2 cards, face up Dealer keeps first card down until all players havedecided to hit or stand Hit (draw a card(s) until you are satisfied or bust) Stand (stop drawing a card) Dealer must hit on 16 or under and stand on 17 17. Types of Frauds Card counting Roulette fraud Past-posting Hand mucking / cardswapping Card marking Slot machine scams Counterfeit casino chips Methods to avoid detection 18. Types of FraudCard Counting Card game strategy used to determine when a player has a probable advantage. Gains an advantage over the house Tracks the ratio of high cards to low cards in blackjack and its derivatives such as Spanish 21 (e.g. smaller cards favour the dealer and the advantage shifts to the player as they are removed from the game and vice versa) 19. Card Counting ClipFrom the movie 21 Video removed due to size constraint 20. Card Counting ClipFrom the movie 21 Video removed due to size constraint 21. Roulette FraudKnowledge of Bias spotting Collusion with casino staff (e.g.roulette wheel dealer) with inside knowledgefaults Collusion with casino staff to Use of rigged tamper with the wheelroulette wheels Calculation, using stopwatches, lasers hidden in mobile phones, ofSector targeting the speed of the roulette ball and its decay 22. Past Posting Considered cheating because information may havebecome available, including the outcome of the event,that was not available to those making earlier bets Used in different casino games (e.g. baccarat) besidesroulettehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyqAA4juyuk(1:10) 23. Past Posting Disguises inclusion and removal of bets throughMakes or removesMay involveoptical illusionsa bet after the time distracting the(using the smallerwhen no more betsdealer denomination chipsare allowedto cover up the larger one) and sleight-of-hand 24. Slot Machine ScamsManipulate random number generatorsTamper with the random generator codeManipulate coin-payout function Slip device into coin slots Confuse sensor inside the slots and payout systems throughminiature light devices Insert coin-in-a-string 25. Hand MuckingRemove card Card palmingfrom the table and re-use it Slick sleeve subsequently Mechanical(through sleight- device of-hand) Exchange card ina coveringCard swapping method to achievea better card 26. Card Marking Use inks and pigments for markingAlter playing Use variations of shade technologies suchcards such that the as luminous and video-luminous markingsuit, rank or bothare only apparentto the personmarking the cards(or anotherMay involve collusion with casino staff tocollaborator)get the cards into playInvolve steering the cards into desired positionsafter they have been identified 27. Counterfeit Casino Chips Exists due to interchangeability for money in the casinoCounterfeit Casino ChipsIncludes altering the value of the chipsthrough changing its appearance 28. Other Types of Fraud Spying on the dealer (e.g. use tiny spy camera to viewthe dealers hole card) Non-table fraudsCage / cashier fraud Loyalty point fraudNon-table FraudsComplimentary Duplication of slot (comp) fraud machine key 29. Methods to Avoid Detection Disguise (from casino databases that have images of barredpersons) (refer to the movie 21) Use different kinds of tools to hide the real identity (e.g.forged identity cards)http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Crime/Story/A1Story20110921-300748.html Use of other people to encash casino chips (refer to themovie 21) 30. Types of Collusion Between players Between players and casino staff Among players, casino staff and third parties 31. Between Players (1) Swap cards with other players Obtain advantage for another player (e.g. hit a card inBlackjack, then claim that the card is not wanted whenrealizing that it is advantageous to the next player) Help fellow players to distract the dealer (e.g. enablepast-posting) 32. Between Players (2) Use signals to inform other players (e.g. coded words oragreed actions that suggest remaining cards on the tableare in favour of the players) Cooperate in schemes which require different actions tobe performed almost simultaneously (e.g. time themovement of the roulette ball and forward the data toanother player who calculates the sector which the ballis likely to land) 33. Between Players and StaffPay extra winnings Rig a roulette wheel and inform the player of the sector the roulette ball is likely to landCollusion Allow decks shuffled and prearranged by players Notify players of any faults (from use or manufacture, not rigged) in roulette wheelAllow players to see the dealers cards 34. Between Players and StaffAllow marked decksAllow players to past postCollusionAllow slot machines to be tampered (e.g. random number generator or coin payout slot) Allow chips to be taken out of the casinoDeliberately fail to adequately review video surveillance 35. Between Players and Staff and Third Parties Manufacture marked decks or marknormal decks (Third party)Marked Allow marked decks to be used in play(Staff)decks Play casino games using marked decks(Players) Rig roulette wheel (Third party)Rigged Allow rigged roulette wheel toroulettebe used in play (Staff) Play roulette using rigged wheel wheel(Players) 36. Between Players and Staff and Third Parties Manufacture counterfeitcasino chips (Third party) Allow counterfeit chips tobe used in play orCounterfeit exchanged for cash (Staff) Play casino games usingcasinocounterfeit chips orexchange them for cashchips (Players) 37. A Clip on CollusionFrom the movie Oceans 11 Video removed due to size constraint 38. News Articles (1)Rig roulette wheel & collusion (Singapore) Croupier and Patron Jailed for Rigging Roulette Gamehttp://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_647948.htmlCounterfeit casino chips (Singapore) First Charge for using Fake Casino Chips in MBShttp://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_619283.html 39. News Articles (2)Card Swapping (United Kingdom) Circling the Card Sharks: The Dark World of CasinoFraudhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/circling-the-card-sharks-the-dark-world-of-casino-fraud-1710736.htmlStealing (Singapore) Croupier Jailed for Taking $110k in Chips http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Singapore/ Story/STIStory_625705.html 40. News Articles (3)Collusion & video surveillance (Singapore) Former MBS Staff Charged with Cheating Casino ofNearly S$150,000http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1148896/1/.html 41. Rapid Fire Round! 42. Technologies Used to Prevent Fraud Surveillance Biometric and Face Scanning Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Chips Non-Obvious Relationship Awareness (NORA) Statistical Reports Others 43. Surveillance 44. Manual Surveillance 45. Manual Surveillance Video Surveillance 46. Video Surveillance 47. Going Digital Digital surveillance cameras andrecorders make storage, retrieval,and analysis of footage a muchsimpler process Clarity when zooming is makingoperators jobs much simpler. Surveillance monitors no longerhave to sit in front of a multitudeof screens. 48. Going Digital One specific example of this digitalsurveillance technology is being used atViejas Casino in San Diego, CA. Viejas is using Sanyo DSR-M800camera system. It saves Viejas 70-80 per cent of searchtime per case. Digital surveillance cameras are able toprovide a clear look into exactly whatwas going on at casinos 49. Biometrics and Face Scanning 50. Biometrics and Face Scanning A surveillance mechanism that can link a face with a name and a personal record This technology scans peoples faces and create three-dimensional images out of multiple two-dimensional scans 51. Biometrics and Face Scanning How to monitor visitors in public areas without significantly limiting access?One of the huge benefits this technology gives casinosis the ability to identify people without having tostop them as they walk through the doors 52. RFID Chips 53. RFID Chips Tracking Every BetThe gaming industry is currently oneof the biggest users of RFIDCasino in Las Vegas are takingpreventative measures to stop cheatersby installing RFID tags on every chip incirculation. 54. RFID How is it used? Casinos record the information that the RFID chips collect They make profiles of gamblers They give promotional offers based on the profile 55. A Short Clip on RFID Chips Video removed due to size constraint 56. Face Recognition Teams Up With RFIDFace RFID Recognition 57. Non-obvious relationship awareness(NORA) Sequence NeutralityRelationshipAwareKnowledge based name evaluations 58. Rapid Fire Round! Video removed due to size constraint 59. Statistical Reports Detailed reports (e.g. game type, location, opening and closing amount)Reports (table Summary reports (e.g. shift win / loss for each table or games)game type, daily win / loss for each table or game type) Detailed reports (e.g. game type, location, opening and closing amount) Reports (slot Summary reports (e.g. Net win by slot machine, bill drop variance report, daily override report, jackpot / fillmachines)void report) Apply statistical tests to roulettes before it is usedReports on tests Continue statistical tests in real-time or through conducted onsamplingroulette wheels 60. Others Reconcile actual cash / Conduct cash counts chips to documentationControls Review exceptionreports (e.g.Segregate incompatiblevoid, variance, override dutiesreports) 61. Information to Knowledge Comparison (e.g. how does information aboutthis situation compare to other situations wehave known?) Consequences (e.g. what implications does theinformation have for decisions and actions?) Connections (e.g. how does this bit ofknowledge relate to others?) Conversation (e.g. what do other people thinkabout this information?)(Working Knowledge, Davenport & Prusak) 62. Video SurveillanceEnable barred personsFacilitate furtherto be detected (e.g. evaluation by expertscompare video capture of potential fraudulentof player to knownactivitiesbarred persons)Provide evidence of casino fraud 63. Biometric and Facial Scanning Identify IdentifyAlign service players andplayers withwith fraud match themunusualprevention byto records of winning not having to bannedstreaks for stop playersplayers or furtherforcriminals investigation identification 64. RFID ChipsEnable casino staff to determine if chips are being taken out of casino(e.g. for counterfeiting)Alert gaming officials when value of the chips does notcorrespond to the monetary amount in play Determine if players are being fraudulently paidVerify if casino chips are authenticAllow chips to be deactivated if stolen 65. Non-Obvious RelationshipAwarenessIdentify players with close matching nameswho are the same person (e.g. probabilistic ordeterministic techniques)for employeesIdentify players with known aliasesEnable determination of relationship betweenapparently unrelated players and staff 66. Statistical Reports Enable comparison of actual win /loss to mathematical or statisticaloutcome Facilitate investigation of unusual andlong-term losses by reviewing andStatistical connecting to documentation andvideo recordings Determine biasness of roulette wheel Reportsand counter roulette scams and flaws 67. Sharing of Information / Knowledge Conduct training courses and conferences / seminars Provide consultancy services Externalize knowledge through books 68. Sharing of Information / Knowledge Establish Communities of Practice Obtain and disseminate information (e.g. new fraud techniques , photographs of MIT students from yearbooks) to casinos 69. Concept Map OnHow Knowledge Is Used ForRegulating And Supervising Casino Frauds 70. NORACardpreventedswappingbyPlayers, St Players Playersaff and Card and StaffOthers counting Video includesprevented ConsultancysurveillancebyCardCollusion markingDissemination enhanced byPast postingincludes Casinoresults in Fraud Training throughKnowledge Slotsupported by machineCoPsscamsStatistical preventedtests by RouletteFalseBooks Disguisesscams identity preventedCounterfeitpreventedby RFIDcasinobychipsBiometricscanning 71. Anti-Gambling Ministry of Community Development and Sports(MCYS) Anti-Gambling Advertisementhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chbjc-XDKLw