1.+ Top 40 & Counting The Development of the Music Industry

2. + Music Milestones: Records to Digital 1920s Phonograph recordings 1940s Vinyl records & Plastic magnetic audiotapes 1958 Stereo sound 2 tracks! 1970s Digital recording (rather than analog) 1983 CDs Now Mp3s, music in the cloud, and music piracy 3. + Early Recording 1850s douard-Lon Scott de Martinvilles Phonautograph 1st experimental sound recording Using hogs hair tracing patterns in lamp black Couldnt play it backuntil 2008 1877 Thomas Edisons Phonograph Answering machine successfully plays back sound Needle press grooves into tinfoil wrapped around TP roll! Chichester Bell & Charles Tainters graphaphone Wax cylinders Mass produced with prerecorded music 4. + Early Recording 1887 Emile Berliner Flat disk Gramophone Copies en masse, stamped labels Beginning of star system Sound reaches mass medium stage 1906 Victrolas in the home 1930s Vinyl records 1948: CBS Records long-playing 33s (LPs) 1949: RCAs 45-rpm 5. + Early Recording 1940s: Magnetic audiotape & tape players Editing and multi-tape mixing Stereophonic & quadrophonic sound 1960s: Cassettes Miniature reel-to-reel Allowed in-home recording 1970s: Blank tapes & portability 1967/70 Thomas Stockhams digital recording 1979: Sony & Philips CDs 1983 6. + Records vs. Radio 1915 showed rise in recordings, 1924 tremendous drop Radio = free music over the airwaves No compensation! ASCAP (American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) Formed to collect copyright fees Established music rights fees for radio to play pre-recorded Radio goes live! In-house bands TV brings recording & radio together (1950s) New challenge = online! 7. + The Rise of Pop Music Popular music Various styles 1880s: Tin Pan Alley Music houses Sheet music = mass medium Standards Crooners Jazz Miles Davis Billie Holiday Louis Armstrong The Beatles Birth of modern pop? Michael Jackson Prince of Pop 8. MJ Best selling artist of all time Highest paid (royalties) In pop music, theres Michael Jackson, and then theres everyone else. - NYT Thriller: STILL top selling album of all time Changed music industryMade albums profitable "Star of records, radio, rock video. A one-man rescue team for the music business. A songwriter who sets the beat for a decade. A dancer with the fanciest feet on the street. A singer who cuts across all boundaries of taste and style and color too - Time 9. + Rock & Roll: Sex, Gospel & Work Songs Delta Blues Charley Patton Son House Robert Johnson Howlin Wolf Chicago Blues Muddy Waters Buddy Guy Bessie Smith Chuck Berry Little Richard Elvis The King? Blues Rock 10. + Rock Blurs Boundaries Integration Musical, Historical, Legal, Racial High/Low Culture Masculinity/Femininity Androgyny Country/City Rockabilly Buddy Holly Sacred/Secular Devils music with Gospel roots 11. + Rock & Roll Tensions Cover music White artists popularizing music from previous African American artists Mostly blues from race records Payola Promoters pay deejays to play certain records to sell more Censorship Rock too risqu, stations wont play Labels began to self-censor More friendly acts: Frankie Avalon, Connie Francis 12. + 1960s: The British Invasion The Beatles on Ed Sullivan (1964) The Quarrymen Repackaging of U.S. Blues and R&B Pop music 13. + 1960s: R&B, Motown & Soul Melding gospel, blues, jazz Controversial Blurred cultural boundaries Funk Artists Stax Records Motown Records 14. + Folk & Protest Songs Voices of a generation Vietnam Created a counterculture Associated with Beatniks Artists 15. + The Progression of Pop 60s/70s: Psychedelic Spoke to a generation 70s/80s: Punk Another British invasion? Opposition culture 90s: Grunge Distinctly American 90s/00s: Alt. Rock Dance Disco EDM Fueled by pop culture 16. + Hip Hop 1970s & 80s dominated by mainstream rock 90s brought new era of rap and hip hop Opposition to professional, polished feel of soul & Motown Seen as novelty until The Message 1st crossover hit Hugely successful Various subgenres Part of pop culture Problems? Objectification of women; Glorification of violence Shedding of hegemonic femininity; Discussion 17. + Today? More electronic than not Dance-hop Healthy indie music industry Mash-ups The White Panda D.veloped Sampling & Copyright Law gives authors of creative original works exclusive right to: reproduce or distribute the work create new works based on the original perform or display the work publicly First Amendment protects fair use Transformative Non-competing 18. + Money in Music Recording A&R (artist and repertoire) agents Talent scouts, managers Song sales Singles, no longer albums! Touring Radio BUT not always(1920s) Play without compensation Spending Money Making Money 19. + Music Goes Digital iTunes & mp3s turn the music industry on its head File sharing Music piracy Napster Limewire 20. + Money in Music