This document h a s h prepared and dmhed by COLT0 (Committee 05: Eand Tmnspwt OFficmfsJ kphnmt of Tmnsport and is for tfre exclusive use by S i d e Rwd Avt)rwities fw R w d ond Bridge works.

This document is suppod by he C'M~ Enginewing A d v i q Council (CEAC).

EJ Copyright: The Government of the Republic d South Africa 8 All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without permission of The Government of the Republic af S o h Africa acting through CEAC or its successor.

Published by the South African Institution of Civil Enginmring (SAKE].

Private Bag X200 Halfwmy House 1685 Tel: (01 1) 805-5947/48/53 Fax: (01 I) 805-5971 SAKE e-mail: civilinfo6xrice.orq.za

Please note: That the General Conditions of Conhact For Rwd and Bridge Works for S t u k Rwd Authorities document is published under a separate cover. That any other authority or organisation, which would like to use this document, must apply to CEAC #or authorisation,

Civil Enginering Advisory Commiiiee

PO Box 16265 Lyttelton 0140

Reproduced under Government Printer's Copyright Authority 10528 dated 3 March 1 998.

STANDARD SPEClRCATlONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS

CONTENTS

Section

SERIES 1000 : GENEWU-

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100 Definitionsandterms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200 General requirements and provisions

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1300 Contractor's establishment on site and general obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1400 Housing. offices and laboratories for the engineer's site personnel

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1500 Accommodationoftraffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1600 Overhaul

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1700 Clearingandgrubbing

SERIES 2000 : DRAlNAGE

2100 Drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2200 Prefabricatedculverts

2300 Concrete kerbing, concrete channelling, chutes and downpipes, and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . concrete linings for open drains

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2400 Asphaltandconcreteberms

SEWES 3000 : EARTHWORKS AND PAVEMENT LAYERS OF GRAVEL OR CRUSHED STONE

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Borrowmaterials Selection. stockpiling and breaking-down the material from borrow pits and cuttings. and existing pavement layers. and placing and compacting the gravel layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massearthworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pavement layers of gravel material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stabilization

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crushed-stonebase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plant-mixed paver-laid pavement layers

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breaking up existing pavement layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patching and repairing edge breaks

SERIES 4000 : ASPHALT PAVEMENTS AND SEALS

Primecoat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asphaltbaseandsurfacing

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seals : Materials and general requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Singleseals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Doubleseals

Bituminous single seal with slurry (Cape seal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surfacingofbridgedecks

Treatment of an existing surface exhibiting certain defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sandseals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SERIES 5000 : ANCILLARY ROADWORKS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pitching. stonework and protection against erosion Gabions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guideblocks Guardrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roadsigns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roadmarkings

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landscaping and planting plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finishing the road and road reserve and treating old roads

Foundations for structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Falsswork. formwork and eoncrete finish

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steel reinforcement for structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Concrete lor slructures

Prestressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No-fines concrete. joints. bearings. bolt groups for electrification. and parapets and drainage for ~tructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Structural steelwork Conslruction ~olerances for strucfures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SEWES TWO : SUNDRY STRUCTUFIES

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Concrete psvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reinforced earth

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Concrete block paving for roads Patented earth retaining systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ground anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Testlng material and workrnanship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quality control (Scheme 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CJual~ty control (Scheme 2) Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SERIES 1000 : GENERAL 1101 ASPHALT

SECTION 1100 : DEFINITIONS AND TERMS

CONTENTS

1101 ASPHALT 1102 ASPHALT SURFACING 1103 BASE 1104 BORROW AREA 1105 BORROW MATERIAL 1106 BRIDGE 1107 CARRIAGEWAY 1108 CATCHWATER DRAIN OR BANK 1109 CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO 11 10 CEMENTED MATERIAL 1111 CULVERT 1112 CUT 11 13 EXCESS OVERBURDEN 1114 FILL 11 15 GENERAL CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT 11 16 GRADE LINE 11 17 GRADING MODULUS (GM) 11 18 INLET AND OUTLET DRAINS 1119 LANE 1120 LEVELLING COURSE 1121 LOT 1122 MEDIAN 1123 MEDIAN DRAIN 1124 MILLING 1125 MITRE DRAIN AND BANK 1126 OVERLAY 1127 PAVEMENT LAYERS 1128 PAVEMENT PLANING 1129 PIONEER LAYER 1130 PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS 1 131 RECYCLING 1132 REHABILITATION 1133 REINFORCEMENT FOR ASPHALT 1 134 RETEXTURING 1135 ROADBED 11 36 ROAD PRISM 11 37 ROAD RESERVE 1138 ROLLER PASSES 1139 SCREED 1140 SEAL 1141 SELECTED LAYER 11 42 SERVICES 1143 SIDE DRAIN 1144 SHOULDER 1145 SHOULDER BREAKPOINT 11 46 STABILIZATION 1147 SLOPE 11 48 SPOIL (MATERIAL) 1149 SUBBASE 1150 SUBSOIL DRAINAGE SYSTEM 1151 TEXTURE TREATMENT 11 52 TRAVELLED WAY 1153 VERGE 1154 WHEEL TRACK 1155 WORK IN RESTRICTED AREAS

Unless inconsistent with the context, in these specifications, the following terms, words or expressions shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them.

A mixture to predetermined proportions of aggregate, filler and bituminous binder material prepared off the road and usually placed by means of a paving machine.

1 102 ASPHALT SURFACING

The layer or layers of asphalt constructed on top of the base, and, in some cases, the shoulders.

1103 BASE

A layer of material constructed on top of the subbase, or in the absence thereof, the selected layer. A base may extend to outside the travelled way.

1 104 BORROW AREA

An area within designated boundaries, approved for the purpose of obtaining borrow material. A borrow pit is the excavated pit in a borrow area.

1 105 BORROW MATERIAL

Any gravel, sand, soil, rock or ash obtained from borrow areas, dumps or sources other than cut within the road prism and which is used in the construction of the works. It shall not include crushed stone or sand obtained from commercial sources.

1106 BRIDGE

A structure erected over a depression, river! watercourse, railway line, road or other obstacle for carrying motor, railway, pedestrian or other traffic or services and having a length of 6 m or more, measured between the abutment faces along the centre line of the road at girder-bed level, except that road-over-rail or rail-over-road structures are always classed as bridges.

The surface normally traversed by vehicles and which consists of one or a number of contiguous traffic lanes, including auxiliary lanes and shoulders.

1108 CATCHWATER DRAIN OR BANK

A longitudinal drain or bank outside the road prism for diverting water that would otherwise flow into the road prism.

The Cellfornla Bearing Ratto (CBR) 07 an untreated sol! or gravel as determined by means of Method A8 o l TMHI is the load In Newtons e~pressed as a percentage of Californla standard values, requirsd to allow a c~rcular piston of 1 935 n m 2 to penetrate the surface nf a compacted materlal at a rate af 1,27 mm per mlnuts to depths of 2.54. 5.08 and 7.62 rnrn The California standard values lor these depths are 13,344, 20,016 snd 25,354 kN respectively.

Materlal in an exisllng pavement which cannot be broken up with the tines of a type 14OG caterpillar or similar road grader

The appropriate edition of the General Conditions nl Contract far Nalional and Provinc~al Road and Bridge Warks, fogether with the special conditions of contract fo rm~ng part of the contract

The grade llne Is a reference line In the drawings of the lang~tudinal sections of the road indicating at regular intervals the elevations according to which !he road is to be constructed. The grade line may refer to the level ol the completed road, base or any other layer and may indicate the elevat~ons elther along the carriagevrsy centre Ilne or along any designated position on the road cross-section

Cemented crushed stone is cemented material constructed with crushed stone.

An e ~ ~ s t i n g stabillzed pavement layer wlll not necessarily be classlrlad as cemented materral

The cumulat~ve percentages by mass of material In a representative sample of aggregate, gravel or soil retained on the 2 00 mm, 0,425 mm and 0.075 mrn sieves. divlded by 100

1111 CULVERT

Astructure other than a br~dge, which provides an op~ning under the carriageway or median tor dra~nage or other purposes.

1112 CUT

Cut shall mean all excavations from the road prism, including side drains, e~cava t~ans tor cross-roads, Interchanges, and, where classif~ed as cul, excavalions for open dra~ns,

Channels lead~ng into or discharging from culverts, starmwater cendu~ts and minor bridges

Part of a travelled way ~ntended for a single stream of traff~c tn one d~rection, which has normally been demarcated as such by road mark~ngs,

1120 LRlELLlNG COURSE

Overburden within a borrow area which is not required or is unsuifable for use in construclion,

That portjon of the road prrsrn consisting of approved Imported materlal whrch lies etbove the roadbed and is bounded by the side slopes. shown on the typrcal cross- sectlong on the draw~ngs runnlng downwards and outwards from !he outer shoulder breakpoint and an whrch the selected layer, subbase base, shoulders and In the case of dual carrlageways, the rned~an, ate to be constructed Material lmported to replace unsuitable materlal In the roadbed shall also be c lass~f~ed as fttr.

One or more layers of asphalt of varying thicknesses, but wi th a specified minimum total thickness, which are applied lo Improve the r~d ing quality of a rand so that It wrll meet specifled standards or so that constructing the f~nal surtac~ng or resurfac~ng layer in accordance with the required standards lor levels, thickness and surface grading will be possible A levelling course is a type of averlay

1121 LOT

b sizable portion of work or quantity of rnater~al which Is assessed as a unit fnr the purpose of quality control and selected to represent mater~al or work produced by ess~nt la l ly the same process and materials.

1131 RECYCLING

The area between the two travelled ways of a dual carriagtway, excluding the inner shoulders.

Tha processing of salvaged material In a plant for re-use.

A longitudinal drain sltuated between the innslr shoulders of a dual carriageway

Measures aimed at maintaining or Improving the conditton andlor riding comfort of an ex~sting road.

1133 REINFORCEMENT FOR ASPHALT

Excavating and removing a layer of mafarial exceeding 10 mm in thickness fram an existing pavement by means of an approved rnllllng machine. Milling is normally used only tn asphalt and cemented layers

A cloth or grld of synthetlc rnaterlal placed underneath or between asphalt layera for slrengthening the asphalt,

1125 M r n DWUN AND BANK Treatment of an existing road surface to restore the texture to a specified depth of tenture or skid resistance.

A drain constructed e: an angle la the centre line of the road to divert water from a side draln. Mitre drarns ~nclude rnqtre banks placed across !ha side drains.

An additional pavement layer applied on top a1 an existing road for strengthening the pavemenl andlor for Improving the riding quality

The upper layers of the road compris~ng the selected layers, subbase, base or gravel wearrng coucse and the shoulder layers.

The natural In sltu makerla! on whlch the fill, or In the absenceof fill, any pavement layers, are to be constructed

That portion of the road construction includad between the or~ginal ground level and the outer boundaries of !he slopes of cuttings, fills and side drains. It shall not include !he selected layer, subbase, base, surfac~ng, shoulders or roadbed

1 f 37 ROAD R E S E W 1 128 PAVEMENT P M I N G

Planing el an e~ ls t~nq road surface by the removal of a layer of material by means of a milling machine or other equi pmenl

The entire area Included by the boundaries of a road as procla~med.

1138 R O W PASSES 1129 PIONEW LAYEF!

An initial layer constructed aver a weak roadbed where select~d marerial 1s used lo provide a stable platform for the construction of subsequent layers.

Unless otherwise specdied In the specificatians or the project specifimtions, an area will bs taken ta have received on0 roller pass when a roller has passed over such area once. Additional passes made only as a tesult of nominal overlapping so as lo ensure full coverageshnlT not be taken into account.

1 130 PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS

The specificalions relating to a specific project, which form part of the contract documents for such project, and which contam supplementary andlor amending specifications to the standard spec~llcat~ons.

A layer of f~ne-graded asphalt or slurry ptaced to f l l l fn slacks in exist~ng seals and to Improve !he r~d~ng quality of the road

1140 S E N of the vertical difference in elevation between any two points and the- hotizontal distance between them.

The appFfcatlon of one or more layers of bitumlnous blnder with or without layers of crushed stone, sand or slurry In successiw layers on the carrlageway, shoulders or on any other compacted layer on whlch movement of treff fc takes place.

This ratlo may also be expressed as a percentage.

The tower layer or layers of the pavement which Is constructed dlrecl onto the fill, or In some cases the roadbed, It may include roadbed material compacted in 91tu.

Cables, plpes or other structures to provide, inter alia, conduits for electricity, telephons and telegraph connsclions, water, sewaga, etc

An open longltudlnal drain situated adjacent to and at the bottom of cut or fill slopes,

Material originating from construction operations and whlch is not utllized for construction purposes.

114s SUBBASE

Tha layer of material on top of the snlectad layers or fill and below the base and shoulders.

A system OF subsoil drainage plpes (includlng any permeable material) constructed to intercept and remove subsoll water.

(a) When referring to this as a surface: The area betwatln tha outside edge of the travelled way and the shoulder breakpoint.

(b) When referring to this as a pavement layer: The upper pavement Iayer lying between the outside edge of the base and the shoulder breakpoint.

Treatment of an exlsting road surface to obtain a uniform texture.

That portion of the carriageway which includes the various traffic lanes and auxiliary lanes buf excludes the shoulders.

The line along whlch tha extended flat planes of the surface of the shoulder and the outside slope of the fill and pavement intersect. This edge I3 normally rounded to a predetermined radius.

The area between the outer edge of the road prism and the boundary of the road reserve.

1 154 WHEEL TRACK

The treatment ol tha materials used in the construmion of the roadbed, fill or pavement layers by the addition of a cementitlous binder such as lime or Portland cement or the mechanicel modification of the materFal through the addition of a so11 binder or a bitumlnous binder. Asphalt and concrete shall not be considered as materials that have been slabilizad.

1147 SLOPE

Unless otherwise stated, slops is given in terms of the ratio

The path followed by the wheels of a vehicle during normal riding movements. The wheel tracks cover approximately the outer metre w~dth on both s~des of a traffic lane.

No additional or sxrra ever payment w~l l be made lor work in restricted areas, unless the atems of work to which it will apply and the pay Items under which payment wlll be effected, are ewpl~c~tly specified in these standard speclkcations or In the project spscifieat!ons and llsted in the schedule of quantities.

SHOULDER 1 1 SHOULDER c~lnlll neo I $: n~lkfh l

C 1" G ROAOBED I MEDIAN QRATN

FIGURE I m

ROAD RESERVE w

m

tr. I SHOULDER BREAKPOINT

I i P ROADBED

T -

FIGURE 2 THE ROAD PRISM IN FIGURE 1: THE VOLUME EXCAVATED BETWEEN AOCOEFCHIA ANlg ANY FILL CONSTRIjCTEO DN UC 6 GH T11E n O A n Pn15H I N FIGURE 2: THE V n t U H E EXCAYATEO DETWEEEI UCnEFB AIJIJ TllE FILL ABGd

- FIGURE 1100: CROSS-SECTIONAL ELEMENTS OF A ROA'13 8 UI

ThESE THO DIAGRAMS ARE INTENDED TO ILLUSTRATE THE DEFlN lT lONS OF SECTION I f 0 0 ONLY, AND. WHERE TO THE CONTRARY, THE DEFINITIONS SHALL PREVAIL

affected by the construdlon of the works.

SECTKm f 2ME : GENEfWL REOUIREMENTS AND P r n S t O N S

SCOPE SERVICES ROAD INTERSECTIONS AND JUNCTIONS PROGRAMME OF WORK WORKMANSHIP AND QUALITY CONTROL THE SETTING-OUT OF WORK AND PROTECTION OF BEACONS NOTICES, SIGNS AND ADVERTISEMENTS MEASUREMENT PAYMENT CERTIFICATE OF PRACTICAL COMPLETION OF THE WORKS TRnFFlC OVER COMPLETED PAVEMENT W E R S ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS AND OFFERS VARIATION FROM SPECIFIED NOMINAL RATES OF APPLICATTON OR NOMINAL MlX PROPORTIONS CONTRACTOR'S ACTIVITIES IN RESPECT OF PROPERW OUTSIDE THE ROAD RESERVE AND OF SERVICES MOVED, DAMAGED OR ALTERED EXTENSION OF TIME RESULTING FROM ABNORMAL RAINFALL INFORMATION FURNISHED BY THE EMPLOYER PROTECTION OF THE WORKS AND REQUIREMENTS TO BE MET BEFORE CONSTRUCTION OF NEW WORK ON TOP OF COMPLETED WORK IS COMMENCED REMEDIAL WORK WATER AUTHORIZED MEASUREMENTS AND TOLER4NCES DRAWNGS PROVIDED BY THE CONTRACTOR THE USE OF WPLOSIVES WORK ON. OVER, UNDER OR ADJACENT TO RAILWAY LINES THE HANDING-OVER OF THE ROAD RESERVE HAUL ROADS MEASUREMENT OF DEPTH OF TRENCHES AND FOUNDATIONS EXCAVATIONS MONTHLY SITE MEETINGS LEGAL PROVlSlONS SABS CEMENT SPECIFICATIONS

This section covers matters whlch relate to the contract as a whole. Definitions, phrases or wordlng whlch would otherwise ~equire repetition In other sect~ons of the specifications are also covered by clauses In this section Matters covered by the general cenditinns of contract are not repeated In thls section, sxcapt where necessary for providing more detailed informat~on.

Thls contract may inelude certain work relating to the moving and reinstating of existing services that may be

The employer WID, in the contract documents, provlde information regarding the tocatlon of exlsting utility services, but the employer does not accept responsibility for the accuracy of thfs inhrmatlnn.

The contractor shall check and determine on the site the posllions of any servlces shown on the drawings. Thls shall be done by visual inspections, using detecting apparatus, and by making excavations to expose the position of the servlce at critlcal points This shall also be done where no sewlces are shown on tha drawings but where such services are never!heless believed to be present. The positions of all services so detected shall be marked carefully and then drawn In on the drawings. These services will then be defined as known servlces. The contractor shall take all reasonable precautions not to damags the services during the search, when the onus shall rest wlth him to prove that, In the event of damags being done to such services during the search, it was not hls fault that they had been damaged

The contractor will be hsld responsible lor any damags caused by him to known servlces, unless he E m prove that he has taken air the above precautions and that the damage has nevertheless been caused becauss the posltion of the known service hed devlatwd by more than one metre from the position as may leasonably have been deduced from the Investigation made by him.

The contractor shalT take all reasonable precautions te protect erlsting services durlng construction and during the relocation of such services. Were prolectlvs measums involve the construction nt permanent work, the contractor shall execute the work In accordance with the engineer's Instructions, and payment shall be made as provided In the project speclficatlons.

All pipes, cables, condults or other known services of any nature whatsoever damaged as a result of the contractor's operations shall be repaired and reinstated forthwith by tha contractor or by the authority concerned, all at the expense of the contractor and to the satisfaction of the engineer.

ll shall be clearly understood that, In ceflafn instances. e~isting rewlces can be relocated only after the contractor has advanced sufficiently on or has compFsted certain sections of earthworks or certain struclures.

W e n e v e r sewlcesareencountared whlch interfere wlth the execution of the works and which require ta be moved and relocated, the contractor shall advise the engineer, who wiFl daterm~ne the entent of the work, if any, to be undertaken by the contractor in moving, relocating and reinstating or protectlng such services.

Any work requlred to be undertaken by the contractor in protecting, moving and relocating the servlces tor whlch no provision has been made In the contract documents, or for which there are no appropriale tender fates, will be classed as a var~ation, as provided In the general mndltFons of contract

The contractor shall work In close m-operatlon wlth private owners Dr public authorities controlling ssrvlcas whlch have to be protected, moved or relocated Details regarding the

state of negotiations concluded between the employer and the owner at the time of tendering In respect of the time when either the owner is prepared to start moving such services or when the contcactor is requlred to or will be allowed l o start moving the services, and the duration o l such operations, will either be stated in the tender documents or be made ava~lable to tenderers. Should the owners ot services refuse to co-operate with the contractor in a reasonabla manner in connection with the protection or moving of services betonging to them, the contractor shall refer the matter to the engineer

When the contractor details hrs programme nf work as referred to In clause 15 of the general conditions of contract, he shall, En consultation with the engineer, clearly indicate as to when he proposes to start with and conclude the movlng of each service or when ha will require the owner to start wlth and conclude the moving of each service Should It thereafter, through delays on the part of the employer or the owner of the sewlce to be moved. be imposs~ble to adhere to the programme of work, such programme shall be suitably amended by the cantractor In consullation with the engineer so as to Ilmit. In so far as is possible, the extent of any damages or delays. Should it be impossible to limit entirely the damages nr delays resulting from the amendments necessaty to the programme of work. the contractor shall be reimbursed lor any additional costs incurred or damages suffered by him

1ZW fWAD INTERSECTIONS AND JUNCTlONS

Except where otherwise spec~fled, no additional ;payment over and above payment for the various items of work included In this contract wlll be made for the construction, In a confined space. of curves tapers, bellrnouths, traffic !$lands, farm accesses and other appurtenant works in connection with the construction and maintenance of road Intersections and junctions

The contractor shall be required 10 provide the safe and unrestricted flow of public traffic at all l imes du r~ng the construction and maintenance of such intersectmns and juncfion~.

1204 PROGRAMME OF WORK

(a) General requirements

Tha contractor shall base hls Inltlal programme of work on the scope of work as described In the project specifications, and, apart l rom any other programme to be submined by h ~ m , he shall also submit a network programme in accordance with the critical-path method

by more andlor better labour and equipment being provided on the site or by the available labour and equ~pmenl being u t ~ l i z ~ d more effect~vely.

The approval by the engineer of any programme shall have no contractual sign~flcance other than that the engineer would be sat~sfbed H the work is carried out tn accordance with such programme and that the contractor undertakes to carry out the work in accordance with the programme, neither shall I limit the right of the engineer to instruct the contractor to vary the programme should circumstances so requrre The above shall not ba taken to limit the rlgh? of the contractor to claim for damages or extension of time to which he may be fa~rly entitled In tprrns of fhe general conditions of contract for delay or d~sruptton of h ~ s actlv~t~es.

Should the employer request and the contractor undertake to finish the whole or part of the works ahead of the time oriigjnally requ~red by the contract, payment fur accelerating the work shall be made only if agreed on beforehand, in writing, and in terms e l such agreement

(b) Programme of work for rehabilitarion work

The contractor shall note that the examination of a road with a view to rehabilitat~on is normally undertaken a considerable period of tlme before the commencement of the contract, and that cond~tions may subsequenlly change. The engineer will make further examinations during the period of contract. and, depending on the results of such exsrninations, the quantities of any items of work may be drast~cally increased or decreased.

The contractor shall base hls Initial programme of work on the scope of the work as described In the project specificat~ons, and, apart from any other programme to be submitted by him, he shall also submit a network programme in accordance with the critical-path method. This programme shall be reviewed on a regular basis, eg monthly, by the contractor in accordance with changing clrcumstances, delays and amendments to the work ordered by the engineer as a result of further exam~natiens made by h ~ m , and the revised programme shall be submitted to the engineer for approval. The revrsed programme shall then be used by the contractor In order to determ~ne the necessary adaptations to the resources requtred by hlm for the work.

ddlustments to the critical-path programme will, ~ntPr alia serve as the basis tor determining any extenston of t ~ m e to wh~ct- the contractor may be ent~tled. Any dev~a t~on from the approved programme by the contractor w ~ l l be at h ~ s own risk, and no claim for delay arising therefrom wrll be considered,

Should ths contractor fall beh~nd with the approved programme !he employer may, without prejudice to the 12U5 W R Y S H I P AND Q U W M3W430L employer's rights, require the contractor to submit. w~thin seven days of the date on which he has received a notice to this effect, a revised programme, which ind~cates the The anus rests wlth the contractor to produce work whlch manner in which the contractor undertakes to complete the conforms In qual~ty and accuracy of &tall to all the works wlthln the requlred time. kny proposal in the requirements of the specit~cations and drawings. and the revlsed programme to accelerate the rate of progress shall contractor shall. at his own expense, inst~tute a qual~ty- be accompanled by pasitlve steps to Increase productmn control system and provide experienced engineers.

foremen, surveyors, materials technicians, other technielans and other technical staff, together with all transport, instruments and equipment, to ensure adequate supenlsion and posltlve control of the works at all tlmes.

The conlractor shall conduct tests or have them conducted continually on a regular basis, to check the properties of natural materials and processed natural materials and nf products: manufactured on the site, such as concrete and asphalt, Although not a requirement for the contractor to conducl regular tests on any commercially produced products such as cement, bitumen, steel and pipes, the contraclor shall remain fully responsible for any defective material or equipment provided b y him. Similarly. the quality of all elements of the works shall be checked on a regular basis so as To ensure compliance with the specified requiremenls.

The IntensTty of control and of tests 10 be conducted by the contractor in terms of these obligations is not specifled but shalE be adequate to ensure that proper control is being exercised,

W e r e any natural maler~als or products made from natural materials are supplied, and upon completion of each element of the construction work, the contractor shall test and check such materials, products andlor elements for compliance with the specified requirements and shall submlt his resulns to the engineer for approval Such submission shall include all h ~ s measurements and lest resultsand shall furnish adequare proof of compliance w ~ t h the specifiad requirements.

No specific pay Items are provided as compensation far the above obligations, including the provision of all samples delivered to the engineer, the repair of places from which samples were taken, and the provision of the necessary personnel and testing apparatus and facilities, for which compensation shall be ~ncluded fn the tendered rates of the conlractor for the varrous items of work to which these obligations apply.

The contractor's attention is also drawn to the provlslons of clauses 8209 or 8308 in regard to Instituting specific process-control systems.

1 X S THE S E T I N E M OF WORK AND PROTECTION OF BEACONS

The contractnr's attention is drawn to The requirements of clause 14 of the general conditions of contract, and he shall also comply with all legal provisions in regard to surveying and setting aut work.

The contractor shall cheek the condition of all reference and level beacons and shall satisfy h~rnsel l that they have not been displaced and are true in regard to position and level. tf beacons have been destroyed, d~splaced or damaged before the slte is handed over to the contiactor. the engineer will arrange to have new beacons installed A beacon which has been displaced shall not be used unless its true position and lever have been re-established and the! new values verified by the engineer.

Where a beacon is likely lo be displaced during

construction operations. Ihe contractor shall establish suitable reference beacons at locations where they will not be displaced during construction. No beacon shall be covered over, displaced or destroyed before accurate reference beacons have been established and details of the position and levels of such beacons have been submitted to and approved by the engineer The contractor's reference beacons shall be of at least the same quality and durability as the exlstlng beacons

The contractor shall submit to the engineer the method of setting-out ha proposes to employ To ensure beyond all doubt that the complex elements of the road, such as traffic interchanges. structures and other important features are located truly rind correctly, the contractor shall check all sett ing4ut by a second method. The engineer may at any trme request the contractor to submit proof that his setting-out has been satisfactorily checked

In cases where the displacement of or damage to property beacons or trigonometrlcal-survey beacons Is unavoidable, the conttactar shall norify the engineer in good time so that he may arrange ta have such beacons suitably referenced and later on refnstated. The cast of such work, i f paid for by the contractor, shall be reimbursable as extra work, as provided In the general conditions of contract.

For the purposes of this clause and nf clause 74 of !he general conditions of contract, any beacon made from a metal peg cast In concrete and any boundary beacon. whether or not cast In concrete, shall be regarded as a beacon Centre-line pegs shall not be classlfled as beacons,

To protect beacons, the boundary fences of the road reserve shall be splayed at corners so as to avoid the use af corner posts in the same position as property or tr~gonometrical-survey beacons, all as shown on the drawings.

Accwrate control of line and level shall be provided by the contractor at all stages of construction. In respect of the road itself. control shall be at 20 m intervals or such closer intervals as may be directed for horitonZal and vertical curves Wherever necessary, but partrcularly on completion of the fill and the base, the contractor shall re- establish stake-line pegs at su f l ~c i~n t l y close Intervals to determine accurately the position of the edges of the base. surfacing and especially kerbing, guardrails and other road elements permanently v~slble.

The setting-out of work will not be measured and paid lor directly, and compensation for the work involved in setting- out will be deemed In be covered by the rates tendered and paid for the varieus items of work included in t h ~ s contract

12U7 NOTICES. StGNS AND ADVERTISEM!3TS

The contractor shall not erect any signs, notices or advertisements on or along the works or the slte of the viorks without the written approval of the engineer

At each end of the works the contractor shall provide and erect. as part o l h ~ s obligations under section 1300, and on

approved locations, at the starting and ending points of Ihe works, signboards of sound, weatherproof construction, painted by an approved firm of srgnwriters In accordance w ~ t h the derails shown on the drawtngs

These signs are to be erected not later than one month after the contractor has been given access to the slte.

The signboards shall be painted wlth the legend allernalely in English and Afrikaans.

No signboards other than those specified above will be perrn~tted on or adjacent In the works, except that the contractor may permlt each of h ~ s submntr~c tors to d~splay one signboard, and one only, of less than 2 rn? at the works off~ce.

The engineer shall have the right to have any slgn, notice or advertisement moved to a better posit~on or to have ~t removed from the site of the works If i t should in any way prove unsatisfactory, inconvenient or dangerous to the general public

All advertrsements, notlces and temporary signs shall be removed by the contractor upon completion of the works

(a! 'Units d measurements

AIE work shall be measured In accordance with the SI System of metric units.

(b3 Schedule of q u a n t i i

The quantities set out in the schedule af quantities are estimated quantities and are used for the comparison of tenders and for awarding the contract. It must be clearly understood that only the actual quantities of work done or mater~als supplied will be measured for payrneol and that rhe scheduled quantities may be ~ncrcased or decreased as prou~ded in the general c ~ n d ~ t i o n s of contract

(c) Measurement of wmpleted work

i All distances along the centre line of the road as shown on tho drawtngs are horizontal distances which will be used in calculating the quantltles of f ~ l l and pavemenr layers lor purposes of payment. All cross-sectrons shall be taken In a vert~cal plane

(111 All mater~als which are specifled to be measured in a vehicle shall be hauled In vehicles o f such type and size that the actual volume may be readily and accurately derermrned Unless all veh~cles are of un~form capacity. each vehicle shall bear a plainly legible ldentrf~cat~on mark indicatrng its specific approved capacity.

(iil) The quantity of bituminous and similar materials to be paid by volume shall be measured at the specified temperature.

(iv) Structures shall be measured to the neat lines shown on the drawings and shall ~nclude any changes ordered in writing by the englneer and. for purposes ol payment, the calculated volume of concrete structures shall incrude the volume of reinforcing steel, and minor ducts up to 150 mm in diameter

(a) Conhct rates

In computing the final cantract amount, payment shall be based on !he actual quantity of authorized work done In accordance wrth the specif~cations and drawings. The tendered rates shall apply, sublect to the provisions of the general cond~tions of contract, irrespect~ve of whether the actual quantit~er are more or less than ths scheduled quantities

M e r e no rate or price has been entered agalnst a pay item in the schedule of quantities by a tenderer. ~t shall be understood that he does not require any compensation for such work Where, however, a pay ilem described in these specillcations or In the project specifications does not appear in the schedule of quant~tres, the contractor will receive reasonable compensation for such work i f requ~red, unless anything to the contrary has been determined elsewhere

(b) Rates to be indusive

The contractor shall accept the payment provided In the conlract and represented by the rates tanderad by him In the schedule of quant~t~es, as payment In fulr for executing and completing the work as specrf~ed, for procuring. furnishing, placing and install~ng all materials, lor procuring and providing labour, supervision, constructional plant, tools and equipment lor wastage, Transport, loading and off-loading. handling, maintenance, temporary work, testing, qual~ty control bncluding process conrrol, overheads, profit, risk and other obligations and lor all other inc~denlals necessary lor the complet~on of the work and rnalntenance durmg the period of maintenance.

The contractor shall note that Ihe cost of all works and malerials for minor construction details at bridges, for example small quantities of caulking compound and joint tiller (other than expansran joinfs), anchor-bar covers, etc, not shown in the schedule of quantities, shall be included in the tendered rates tor concrete.

This clause shall apply in full to all pay items axcept where these requirements may be spectfically amended In each case

(c) The meanings of wmin phrases in payment clauses

(i) Procuring and furnishing ... {material)

Where any or the words "supply". "procure", "provide". "provision of" or "furn~sh [material)' are used in the dsscr~ption of a pay item, it shall mean the supply and

delivery to the point of use of all materials of any klnd required for the work covered by the particular pay item. Including all tax, purchase costs, clalrns, damages, royalties and transport costs Involved, but excluding overhaul. In the case of borrow materials, stone and sand. it shall also include all negotiations with the owners concerned, excavating, producing, preparing, proc~ssing, testing, hauling and delivering the material to the polnt of use: the construction, repair, maintenance and rnaklng good after completion 07 all access roads, and all work required in opening. using and finishing off borrow pits unless covered by other pay ttems rn the schedule of quantities.

( i t ) Placing material

The phrase "placing material" shall mean tha off-loading, spreading, blending, processing, watering, miring, shaping and compactrng (where specified) of the material in the pavement layers, fills and bypasses, as well as the procuring, furnishing, applying and admixing of water: t h ~ breakingdown of oversize material, the removing of oversize materlal which cannot be broken down, correcting irregular or uneven surfaces or layers, the thickness o l which is not to speclftcation, fin~shing-oft to within the specified lalarances, the refilling of test holes and mafntstning the completed work. In the case of asphalt courses and bituminous seals, i t shall also mean ?he heating and spraying of binder, the spreading of aggregate or asphalt mlntures, rolling, compactrng. l~nlsh~ng-of f to within the speclfred tolerances, and rnaintarning the compleled work.

The phrase "procuring furnishing and placing" shall maan procuring and furnishing in add~t ion to placing, all as defined hereln.

Id) Pay items

The descriptions under the pay items in the various sectlons of the speclfications, indlcalrng the work for which allowance shall be made In the tendered rates for such pay items, are for the guldance of the contractor and do not necessarily repeal all the detalls of work and materials required by and described In the speclfications

These descriptions shall be read in conjunction wlth the relevant specifications and drawings, and the contractor shall, when tendering, bear in mind that his rates shall be inclusive as specified En subclause (b) above,

clearly marked with the contractor's name, the contract number and other par l icul~rs in accordance with the engineer's instructions.

Against an i tem in the schedule of quantities where no quantity is given but a rats only is requlred, the contrector shall flll In a rate or amount which will constitute payment for work which may be done in terms of this item. Such rate-only Item Is used where it Is estlrnared that little or no work will be required under the item, or where the item is to be consldered as an alternative for another item where a quantlty is gtven, or lor variattons in rates of appl~cation ar mi% proport~ons In terms of clause 1213 of thrs section.

Werk under rate-only items will be paid for only if it hes been enecuted In terms of a written instruction by the engineer.

1210 CERTIFICATE OF PRACTICAL COMFtJTiON OF M E WOAKS

Amongst others the following sections of the works are to be duly completed to the satisfaction of the englneer to justify the issue of a certificate of practical complatlon in terms of clause 54 of the general conditions of contract:

(a) The gravel wearlng course, seats, asphalt or concrete pavement:

(b) all above-ground and subsoil drainage structures;

(c) all fencing:

Id ) the l~nishing-off of medians and slopes of cuts and fills,

(e) all the necessary roed signs and road-surface markings:

( f j all guardrails;

(gI all structures;

(h) the finishing-off of ail borrowpits

1211 TRAFFIC OVER COMPLETEU PAVEMENT Lwms

(e) Matwials cm the site

Payment in terms of clause 52 of the general conditions ol contract for materials on the site. which have not yet been incorporated in the works, will be calculated at BDob of the~r purchase price, or, in the case of crushed stone which has not been purchased but has been produced on the site, at BDO:. of a fair avaluatlon of such mater~al.

The englneer may at his sole discretion allow payment under "malerials on the site" in respect of artlcles such as precast beams manufactured and stored aff slte, subject la their having been completed, to proof of thelr ownership as berng that of the contractor, and to the articles being

Traffic over structures or pavement layers of an uncompleted road shall, in addition to orher restrictions specltied elsewhere, be restricted 20 equipment required fur its construcf~on, wrth the proviso that traffic for hauling material over pavement layers, in so far as is possible. shall be llmited to a mlnlmurn b y construction roads and deviations belng used

Traffic over structures or the completed road will be restricted to the rnaxlmum axle load permitted in terms of slarutory prnvisions. Any damage to structures or completed layers caused by the contractor's rraffic shall be

repaired at his own cost. foundation particularsappearlng In the contract document.

1212 ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS AND OFFERS

Unless anything to the contrary has been determined elsewhere in the confract documents, a tenderer may, rogerher with his tender for the orlgbnal designs contained in tha contract documents, submtt alternative designs and offers for consideration. Such alternative designs and offers shall be sublect to the following conditions and requirements

(a) Tendm An alternative offer or design will be considered only i f the tender for the original items has been fully priced and completed.

Unless the alternative offer stipulates to the contrary, it shall be assumed that the period for completion of the works shall be the same as for the original design.

An alternative offer or design shall b e submitted together with the lender for the original items or design, otherwrse It wlll not be considered when tenders are adludicated.

Calculations, drawings and a mod~fied schedule of quantities (as determined hereafter) in respect of each alternatfve offer or design shall accompany the alternative tender offer.

@) Design codes

Alternative designs shall be executed str~ctly in accordance with the appropriale deslgn codes and prescriptions of the employer. Copies of such codes and prescriptlong will be avallable for perusal at the off~ce of the engineer, but the onus rests wlth the contractor to ensure that he complies with tha deslgn requirements of the employer.

Preliminary calculations tor an alternat~ve design shall be submitted with the tender. Such calculations shall give adequate details so as to enable an assessment to be made of the general efficacy of the design and of its principal elements, aiso of the degree to whlch the design prescr~ptions and codes of the employer are being complied with. The calculations shall be clear and In a logical sequence and shall clearly reflect all the design assumptions.

(d) Preliminary drawings

Prelfmlnary drawings of the alternat~ve des~gns shall also be swbrnltted with the tender. These draw~ngs shall comprise adequate layout plans, elevations and sect~ons and shaH clearly Illustrate the general efficacy of the des~gn and its principal elements. Foundation depths and other elements depending on foundation conditions shall, in so far as may be applicable, be in accordance w~th

Drawings for aiternative designs shall be prepared in accordance with !he provisions of clause 1221.

(e) Ouantities

Each alternative offer shall be accornpanled by a modified priced schedule of quant~ties compiled in accordance with the standard specifications, in so far as at is appl~cable. which clearly shows the manner In whlch the prlce for the original schedule of quantit~es which fall away or are being changed. In addition to the schedule of quantities, a set of calculaf~ons shall be supplied to show how the quantltles have bean determined. All assumptions in regard to foundation conditions or other factors which will determine quantities shall be clearly and conspicuously marked by underlining or colouring, and shall indicate whether or not Ihe assumptions have been based on inforrnatlon furnished tn the contract documents (wlth the necessary references).

(f) Further details Should the engineer find that the caiculations and draw~ngs submitted for alternative designs are not complete enough for proper ~djudication of the alternative designs, it may mean that no further consideration will be given to such alternative designs The employer, however, reserves to itself the r~ght to call on the tenderer to submit such further caicuiat~ons and draw~ngs as may be required. If such further details are not submitted within ten days of having been requested, !he alternative des~gns may possibly not be given further consideration

(g) Preliminary adludication of alternative designs

The engineer will undertake a preliminary scrutiny of any elternat~ve designs for compliance w~th the specified requ~rements of the employer. Should he find any mlstakas or unsalisfactory aspects, he may afford the contractor the opportunity to rectify them within a period to be determined by the engineer, However, it is emphasized that the preliminary scrutiny of the design and tender by the engineer, by its very nature, cannot be comprehensive, and no guarantee can be given in this regard that all the mistakes made by the contractor will in fact bo detected, Any correction of such mistakes shall be made with the tender price of the contractor being reta~nad, and, wherever necessary, the pr~ced schedule of quantities for the alternat~ve design shall be adjusted accord~ngly.

(h) Acceptance of alternative design The contraclnr shall note that the acceptance of a tender whlch indudss alternative designs shall mean that the alternat~ve designs have been approved in pr~ncep[e only. If the f~nal cdculations drawings and details do not comply with the specified requirements, such alternative designs may be rejected, unless they are suitably amended by the contraclor so as to be acceptable to the engineer.

(IJ Final drsnings and dculablons aml the priced schedule of quantities

Where a tender with an alternative design has been accepted, the contractor shall, not less than three months before he intends starting with the construction of such design, submit to !he engineer a complete set of worklng drawings, detailed calculations and a complete schedule of quantities, for approval. Ths schedule of quanfltles shall bs based on the prellmlnary schedule of quantrtles, but with the necessary adjustments In quantitles and prices and with the tendered price for the alternative deslgn belng retained.

Wthln six weeks ot having received the above, the engineer will Indicate which drawings, calculations, quantities, prices and other particulars are acceptable to him and whlch not, with reasons lurnlshed. The contractor shall then submit to the eng.lneer in good time any rnodlfied drawings and other particulars for approval, for which he wit1 require two weeks. Any delay aria~ng from the fact that the amended particulars do not meet the requirements shall be the responstbllity of the contractor.

No work whkh wlll be affected by an alternative design may be commenced, unless the drawings, schedule of quantlttes and prlces for such alternative desIgn have been approved. Should tha contractor fall to modify any drawings, calculations, quant~t~es, prlces or any other particulars to the satisfaction of the engineer, the alternative design will be rejected and the original design shall bo constructed for the same amount as has been tendered for the alternative dss~gn.

The approval of a deslgn by the engineer shall In no way relieve the contractor of his responsibility to produca a des~gn which conforms in all respects to all the specified requirements and which wlll be suitable for the purpose envisaged.

Should It appear leter during construction or during the rnaIntenance psrlod that the design does not conform to the specified requirements, the contractor only shall be llable for any damage arising ?hersfram and he shall, at his own expense, do all the necessary work ta ensure that the structure conforms to all the speclfied requirements.

(k) Payments for alternative designs

Payments for alternative designs will be based on the finally approved schedule of quantities end rates for such designs. The lump sum fur an alternative- deslgn will remain fixed and wlfl be the final amount payabCa to the contractor in regard to such deslgn, except only for deviations arising from -

( i ) foundation mndltlons whlch differ from foundation conditions shown In the contract documents, or in regard Zo assumptions regarding foundation conditions staled in his tender by the contractor and accepted by the englneer:

(ii) changes not arlslng from any failure or fault of the contractor, but from rnodificatlons requested by the

engineer

(1) 01 Eh@&ing h a t i v e designs The contractor shall, in hls tander for each alternative deslgn, include an Item to cover the cost for checking his design. Thls Item shall be 5% of the tendered amount of the destgn wlthout any price adjustment in terms nf ctause 49 of the general conditions of contract behg considered, and the amount wlll be payable to ?he englneer only upon an authorization issued by the employer.

(m) Mtemalh Dflers

Alternative offers in this context shatl mean offers not relatTng to a structure, such as a bridge, wh~ch requlrss a comprehensive structural analysis. It involves, in the rnaln, offers for the use of other materials, construction programmes, alternative routes, etc. In this case The provbsions of clause 1212 wlll srlll apply, except In the case where the contractor, in consultaZion with the employer, may agree to amend or dalete certaln of the provisions, depending on the nature of the offer, but subject to a wriflen agreemant beforehand wfth the employer.

fzt3 vmnm FROM S P E ~ E D NOW RRTES OF APPLICATION OR NOMINAL MIX PROPORTlONS

The varlaus sections of these specifications spsclfy nominal rates of appllcation or nornfnal rnlx proportlons for materials such es brturnlneus materials, aggregates, fillers, stabillzing agents, palnt and the like. Tenderers shall base Zhetr tenders on these nomlnal rates of appllcatlon and mlx proportions.

Whets such nominal rates af application or mix proportions are speclfled, provision Is made tor deviations in the quantities of material in consequence of the rates of application or mix propnrtions prescrlbed by the engineer in each aa.rticular case In consideration of the available- materials and the conditions on the site.

Where the actual rates of application or r n l ~ proporlions used in the works vary from the specified nominal rates and mix proportions, adjustment of compensation wlll be made -

(a) as a payment to the contractor Fn respect of any authorized Increase in quantltles whlch enceed those specified, where such Increase has been ordered, In wr~ting, by the engineer:

{b) as a refund to the empfoyet in respect of the decrease In quantities wh~ch are less than those speclfled, Irrespective of whether such decrease results from an authorized decrease In the rates of applicatron or mix proportlonc, or from unautharfzed reductions on the part of the contractor.

Payment for a prescribed tare of appllcation or mix

proportion shall be based on the actual rate of application or mlK proportion used, provided that this does not enceed the prescribed rate of applicatlon or mix proportion. plus any tolerance in the rate of application or mix proportion allowed. If the ectual rate of applicatlon or mix proportion exceeds the prescribed rate or pmport~on, payment shall be based on the prescribed rate of applicanion or mln proportinn plus any tolerance allowed. It the actual rate of appl~cation er mls proportion is below the prescribed rate of application or mix proportion ordered, payment shall be based on the actual rate of applicatien or mix proportion regardtess of any tolerance allowed. Notwithstanding the above, the engineer shall be fully entltled to reject work which has not been constructed In accordance with the specifications or the ratesol apptlcation or mix proportfons presclibed by him

The employer shall be refunded lor any decrease in the specified rales of applicatlon ot mix proportions at the same rate per un~t of measurement as that tendered by the conlractor for additlonal materials required by an increase In the rates of applicatlon or mix proportions.

1214 CCWIIWCTOR'S ACTMTIES IN RESPECT OF PRQPERXY OWSIDE THE ROAD RESERVE AND OF SERVICES MOVED, DAMAGED OR ALTERED

(a) The contractor shall exercise any rlghts that may be ceded to hlm by an authority In terms of any statutory provisions tor purposes of e~ecuting the contract, on condition that -

(i.) the contractor complies strictly with the requirements of such statutory prevlslons, particularly In regard to the matters relating lo servlng nottce on the owner ar consultation wlth h ~ m :

(ii) in each case a written agreement is made with the engineer regarding the details of the contractor's proposed actians before the tights of the contractor in terms of Ihe statutory provisions are exercised.

(b) The conttactor shall put In writlng all his agreements with owners of properly outside the road reserve or of services inside or outside the road reserve in respect of the Iollowlng matters.

i The lacat~on, extent and use of borrow pits, haul roads. construction roads and bypasses outside the road reserve.

(li) Compensat)on, i f applicable, tor land or materials taken or for land temporarily used or occupied

(iii) The reinstatement of property occupied. used, damaged or destroyed, or compensatEon therefor in lieu of reinstatement

(tv) The procedure for the moving of services and details as to how and when thls is to be done,

(v) Any sirnllar matter directly relaled to the contractor s activitieson or in respect of private property or sewicel.

These agreements shall ba stgned b y all the parties concerned and deFlvered to the engineer.

Where the contractar cannot obtaln the owner's agreement in wr~ting, he shall refer the matter to the engineer snd shall furnish him with details, in writing, nt any verbal agreement made.

(c) Whare, En addition to any agreement with the owner of any property to be entered upon or temporartly occupjed or any service to be moved, It Is understood or required that the contractor shall serve notice on the owner immediately before actually entering upon or occupying the private property or moving a service, and shall give proper notice thereof in wrlting, and the engineer shall be supplied with a copy of such notice, together with acknowledgement of recelpt.

(d ) On completion of hfs operations, the contractor shall obtain, from the owner concerned, a written statement to the effect -

[I) that the contractor has fulfilled his obligations under any written agreement, or, in the absence of a written agreement,

(~i) that the owner has recelved all the curnpensatian he is entitled to and is also satisfied that all property occupied, including borrow plts, haul roads and constructinn roads, has been properly restored and ts in a satisfactory condition

In respect of services moved, altered, damaged or affected In any way, the contractar shall strnllarly obtaln a written statement from the owner !hat the services have been taken over [n a satisfactory condftion.

All such statements shall be slgned, dated and delivered to the engineer.

(e) Should the contractor wish to use land outside the area provided by the employer for storing or keeping material or equipment required for the construction nf the permanent works, it wftl be subject ta the tollow~ng

(I) That the engineer approve any area seledsd tor thls purpose.

(ii} That such land be physically separated from any production plant or actlv~tiss and sultably fenced In,

(iii) That the area used for the aforesaid purpose be surveyed, and, where the land does not belong to the contractor, he shall enter Into a contract of lease with the owner of such land in respect of the full period for which such land shall be used for such purpose, which contract shall stipulate that the owner shall not have any right whatsoever to any matarral stockpiled on such land during the currency of the contract of lease

(Iv) That sultable, permanent reference beacons. approved by the engineer, be placed next to the area, at the cost of the contractor, lor use by the englnser with a view fo, i f applicable, taklng cross-sectfons for determining quantities.

(v) That only rnaterlal used for thls contract shall be stored on such land.

project speciflcatlons.

X = 20, unless otherwise provtded in the project specifications.

1215 BTENSION OF T1ME RESULTING W M ABNORW RAlMFALh

Extension of time in terms of clause 45 of the general conditions of contract in respect of abnormal rainfall shall be determined In terms of method (i) below, unless the project spec~f~calidns determine that method [liJ shall be used.

The extension of time that will be considered for a glven calendar month shall not exceed the number of calendar days in that month less the average number of days In that month on which a ralnlall of Y mrn or more per day has been recorded, as derived from enisling ralnfall records.

The formula below shall be used to calculate separately the delay for each calendar month or part thereof. It shall be calculated each month during the period referred to in the general conditions of contract as the time for cornptet~on of the works (including any extension thereof that n a y have been granted), or until the Issue data of the certiftcate 0 1 practical cornpietian, whichever 1s the shorter period. The delay calculated for a given month shall be used to determine the Interlm extension of timegranted for that month. At the end of the applicable pe r~od referred to above, !he aggregate of the rnonlhly delays will be taken into accounl for the final determination of the total extension of time for the contract

V = (Nw - Nn) -I- jRw - Rnl X

If any value of Y Is negative and its absolute value exceeds Nn, then V shall be taken as equal ta rnlnus Nn

The delay for a part of a month shall be calculated by substituting pro rata values for the variables In the equation

The symbols shall have the lo l low~ng meanings:

V = Delay due to rain in calendar days in respect ol the calendar rnonrh under consideration

Nw = Actual number of days during the calendar month on which a rainfall of Y mm or more per day has been recorded.

Rw = Actual rainfall in mrn lor the calendar month under consldefatlon.

Nn = Average number o l days In the relevant calendar month (as derived from ert~st~ng ralnlall records provided in the project specif~catinns) on which a rainlalt of Y mrn or more per day has been recorded.

RR - Average rainfall in mrn for the calendar month, as derived from the rainfall records supplied in the

Y = 10, unless olhewise provided In the project specilicat~ons.

The total delay that will be taken into account lor the determination of the total extension of tlme for the contract shall be the algebraic sum o l the monthly totals for the period under considerat~on. But rf the grand total is negative, the time lor compTetion shall not be reduced on account of abnormal rainfall. The total extension of time for any calendar month shall no2 exceed {Nc - Nn) calendar days, where Nc = number of calendar days in Ihe month under consideration

The factor (Nw - Nn) shall be considered lo represent a fair allowance for variations from the average number of days during which rainfall equals or exceeds Y mrn per day.

The factor (Rw - Rn) t X shall be considered l o represent a fair allowance for variations from the average lor the number of days during which rainfall does not equaf or exceed Y mm per day, but when wet conditions prevent or disrupt work

This formula daes not take into account any flood damage, which could cause further or concurrent delays and whlcfr should be treated separately In so far as emtension of time is concerned.

Accurate rain gaugings shall be taken at a suitable point on the site daily at 08'00 unless otherwise agreed to by the engineer, and the contractor shall, at his own expense, take all necessary precaurlons to ensure that the rain gauges csnnot be Interfered wlth by unauthorized persons,

Information regarding exisring rainfall records. i f available from a su~table rainfall station near the slte, wlll be supplhed in the prolect speclflcations, together with calculat~ons of rain delays for prevlous years In accordance with the above formula The average of these delays w ~ l l be regarded as normal raln delays which the contractor shall accommodate in t719 programme, and for wh~ch no extension of time will be consrdared.

If no suitable rainfall records are available, the above formula will not apply.

Where !he critical-path method is specified in the p r o j ~ c t specifications for determining extenslon of l ime resullrng from abnormal rainfall. i t shall be applted as follows:

A delay caused by Inclement weather condltlons will be regarded as a delay only if, in the opin~on ol the engineer, all progress on an Item or items of work on the critical path of the working programme of the contractor has been brought to a hall. Delays on wofking days only (based on a Itve-day work~ng week) will be taken into account for the extenslon of tlme, but the contractor shall make provision in h ~ s programme of work for an expected delay of "nu working days caused b y normal rarny weather, for which

he will not receive any exteasion of tima, The value of "n" shall be given In the project specifications.

Extension of time during workkng days will be granted to the dagree to which actual delays, as defined above, exceed the number of "nu workings days as mentioned in the project specificatians.

1216 MFORMATDN FURNISHED BY THE MPLOYER

Certain infotmatlon contained In these contract documents or provided separately Is belng offered in good faith but, In the circumstances pertalnlng to the type of information furnished, no guarantee can be given that all the inforrnat~on is necessarily correct or representative of the In sltu conditions.

This applies more specifically to aft sol1 tests, soil mapping, drilling results, geophysical surveys, qeologlcal reports, borrow-plt Informstlon, material surveys and reports, and slm~lar Information, the accuracy of whFch Is necessarily subject to the llm~tations of testing, eampting, the natural variation of material or formarions belng Investigated and the measure a l certainty wtth which conclusions can be drawn from any invest~gations made. R also applies to any materials-utilization diagram provided, as tha dlagram may be subject to major alterations durlng the progress of the work, depending on site conditions.

The employer wlTl not accept any llability for the correctness nr otherwise of the inlotmatian furnished Qr for any resulting damage, whether direct or consequential, should It appear, during the course of the contract, that the Information supplied Is either ~ncorrect or not representative.

Any reliance placed by the contractor on this information shalt be at hfs own risk.

Notwithstanding the above, the employer will accept responsibttlty for the correctness of the following.

(a) Any rock cores purported to be recovered from des~gnated test-drill holes

(b) VEsual tnformation apparent from the inspection of open trial pits.

(c) The results only of any centre-line, borrow-area or other sol! lests given in the drawings or schedules forming part of the contract documents.

1217 PROTECTION OF THE WORKS AND REQUIREMENTS TO BE MET BEFORE CONSTRVCTlON OF NEW WORK ON TOP OF COMPLETED WORK IS COMMENCED

The general obligations of the contractor in terms of clause 35 of the general conditions of contract, shall, inter alia, include the following:

(a) The provTsion of temporary drainage works such as

drains, open channels, banks, etc, and providing and operating temporary pumps and such other equipme~t as may be necessary for adequately protecting, draining and dewatering the works and temporary works. This will be In additron to any permanent drainagm works specified snd installed, and Fn addit~on l o any temporary drainage works specitically pald for separately as in the case of d~versions.

In case of rehabilitallon work the contractor shall plan the relevant excavation and backfill in detail and obtain the engineer's approval before commencing excavations In the existing pavement on any section of the work. The confractar shall be fully responsible for the protection of underlying pavement layers and the draining andlor keeplng dry of such excavations, and hls planning shall make provislon for the speedy backfilling and drainage of excavations during wet per~ods Unless otherwise directed by the engineer, the contractor shall1 make use of temporary drainage pipes andfor pumps for draining excavations in the pavement Where temporary pipes are placed In completed pavement layers or in ensting pavement layers that will not be broken up, the road shall be repaired in such a manner that the pavement will not be weakened thereby. In case of rehabililation work payment under any ilem that makes prwlslon for measures for drainlng pavement encavatlons, shall apply only where the engineer has ordered. in writlng, that such measures be taken and the contractor has executed the work Furthermore the contractor shall. at his own cost, be responsible for the repalr of any pavement layers damaged as a result of water being impounded or of saturation should he have failed to submil his planntng to the engineer or to comply duly w~th the approved measures.

(b) Care shall be taken not to allow material in borrow pits to become excessively wet, to keep all completed layers properly drained, not to cause dumps of material on completed layer work to inhibit surface drainage or to form wet spots under and around dumps, and to protect all parts of the works against erosion by floods and rain.

Material shall not be spread on a layer that Is so wet as to result in the danger of any damage berng caused to the layer durlng compaction of a subsequent layer, or when opened to traff~c

When material Is spread out on the road, the contractor shall ensure that, during wet periods, r l will have a good cross-fall and a light compaction on the surface in order to fac~l~tate run-aff durlng rainy weather.

(c) fill and cut slopes shall be repaired immediateTy whenever damaged by surface water Where eroslon occurs on high fills, the slopes shall be repaired by cutting back to form benches and by compacting the backfill mechanically to the spec~f~ed controlled densities, using suitable light equipment

(d) E~cavations for pipe drains, culverts, service ducts and s~m~lar structures shall be adequately protected against the possrbie ingress of water dur~ng raln-storms,

( 0 ) All completed layer work shall be protected snd maintained until the following layer is constructed Maintenance shall include immediate repairs to any damage or defects which may occur and shall be repeated as often as may be necessary to keep the layer

continuously Intact and Fn a good condition.

(I) Before any completed Tayer Is primed or a succeeding layer Is constructed thereon. eny damage to the ex~stlng layer shall be repalred, SO that, after repair or reconstruction i f necessary, it will conform in all respects to the requirements specifled for that layer. All repair work other than minor surface damage repairs shall be submitted to the engineer for inspection before it fs covered up.

The previously construcfed layer shall be thoroughly cleaned by the removal of all loreign material before construction of a succeeding layer ar application of a prtme coat, surfacing or surface treatment. In the case of all bitumlnous work in particular, the existing layer shall be thoroughly broomed and all dung, clay, mud and other deleterious materlal completely removed, Whera necessary, the surface shall be sprayed with water before. during and after broomlng to remove all foreign material.

(g) Work performed as part af the above obligations shall no! be measured and paid far separately, and the cost thereof shall be included in the rates tendered for the various items of work requiring protection and the ilemsfor the contractor's establishment on the site, ets spec~ffed in sectlon 1300

1216 REMEDIAL WOW

When any part of the works or any equipment or materlal Is found, upon examination by the engineer, not to conform ta the requirements or at any stage before f~nal acceptance is damaged so that it no longer conforms to fhe requlrements of the speclficatlons, the englneer may order its complete removal and replacement. at the contractor's expense, with satisfactory work, equipment ar material, or he may permit the contractor to apply remedial measures In order ta make good any such defects or damage. The actual remedial measures taken shall at all times be entirely at the conlractor's own initiative, risk and cost, but subject to the engineer's approval regarding the detalls thereof.

In parti~ular remedial measures shall ensure full compliance with the requirements of the spec~ficat~nns of the final product, shall not endanger or damage any other part of the works, and shall be careluHy controlled and submitted totha engineer forexamination when completed or at any Intermediate stage as may be! required.

For the guldance of the contractor, an indication is given below of what would normally be required In the more common cases of defects or damage, but the engineer will In na way be bound to accept or approve !he mensures given below. as the actual remedral measures will be dictated by the circumstances of each particular case.

[i) Where a cut slope has been over-excavated or undercut, backtllllng wlll not normally be allowed and the entlre slope may have to be retrimmed to obtain a uniform slope.

[ii) Where the Roor of a cutting has been taken too deep, i t will normally require backfilling and recornpaction with selected gravel In the case of sol! or gravel excavation, and with crushed stone or suitably sized rock in the case of hard excavations. All necessary measures shall be taken to dram away groundwater that may accumulate in backfilled sections.

(iii) Excess width of fills wlll have to be trimmed down.

[iv) Where erosion has damaged the surface of cuts or fllls, Ihe damage shall be made good by backflll~ng wlth suitable material and retrimming. In more serious cases, the slopes may have to be cut back by benching, backfilled and compacted to the required standard of compaction with sultable light equipment, and then retrimmed.

@) Stabilizing

Any sections falling to meet the requirements specified or damaged to the exten! that they require breaking-up and recornpaction will have to be restabllized wtth the type and quantity of stabilizing agent ordered by the engineer. The engineer may also order that the layer be removed entirely and replaced with fresh material to be stabilized

(cJ LDcal defecls In pavement laym

M e r e remedTal measures are taken to make good local defects, the width of the area to be repaired by machlnes shall be such as w~l l be necessary to accommodate the full width of the machines used, and i E shall be of a reasonabre length to ensure effective operation by the machinery. The depth to whlch material wlll have to be removed will depend on the type of material. Gravel wlll require breaking up to a depth of at Ceast 75 rnm and crushed stone will usually require breaking up over its full depth. Asphalt material wlll normally require removal over Its full depth.

(d) Concrete

Concrete work will normally require the cuttlng.back and complete removal of any weak or honeycombed sections and making good by usmg speclal epoxy adhes~ves to blnd fresh cgncrete Io old concrete. Cracks, when permitted to rernaln, shall be injected with suitable epoxy compounds, and test cores shall then be drllled lor testing the effjcacy of the injection process.

1219 WATER

The contractor hfmself shall make arrangements for procuring, transporting, storing, distributing and applying the water needed for construction and other purposes. except where otherwise specified No direct payment w~l l be made for providing water, the cost of which shall be included in the rates tendered for the various items of work for which water is needed.

Only clean water, free from undesirable concenfratTons of

deleterious salts and other metsrlals, shall bs used. All water sources used shall be subject to the engineer's approval,

7221 DRRWlNGS PRaVIOED BY THE CQNTWGTOFI

1220 AUTHORrZED MEASUREMENTS AND TOIEFWCES

The work specified In the varlous sections of these speclficatlonfi shall comply with the various dimensional and other tolerances specifled fn each case Whera no talerencss ate spwclfled, the standard of workmanshlp shall be in accordance wlth normal good practice. No representation Is made that the tull specified tolerances wlll be avaltable Independently of each other, and the conlractor Is cautioned that the llberal or full usa of Any one or mora tolerances may deprlvs hlm of the full or any use of tolerances relatlng to other aspects of the work. The latter would spply particularly In respect of level tolerances on layer work and the relatad requlrsments ragarding layer thlcknssses.

In tho dsscrlptlon of certaln pay Items, whetn It Is stated that quantities wTll be determined from the authorized dlmenslons, thla shall be taken to mean the dlmmnslans as specltlsd or shown on the drawlngs or. H changed, a9 tlnatty instructed by the engfneer, wrthout any altowance for tolerances betng specifled If the work is therefore constructed In cnmpllance wlth the authorlzed dimsnslons. plus or mlnus any tolarances allowed, quantltles will ba based on the suthorlzed dimenslons rsgsrdless of the actual dlmenslons to wlh~ch the work in constructed.

Whero the work Is not constructed In accordance wTth the autharlzsd dlrnanslons, plus or mlnus any tolerances allowed, tho snglneer may nevertheless, In his sole dlscretton, accept tha work for payment. In such cases no payment wlll be made In respect of quanllties of work or material in encesa of those caFcufated from the authorlzed dlrnenslons and where the actual dlrnenslons are lass than the authorized dimensions, minus any tolerance allnwsd. quantltlss for payment shall be based nn the actual dimensions as constructed

The rneanlng of the specllled tolerances shall be as shown in table 122011.

Q = Actual dlmenslon of completed work

D, = Authorized dimendon of the work

t = Spsclfled tolerance

Table 1220!1

TOLERANCES

Where [he cantrattar I9 raqulrad to prapere any drawlngs for the purpose of thls contract, they shall be prepared as specified below and In accordance wlth rrny further requlrements specifled by the engfneer.

Spectflsd tolerance

+ t (01 t) t t

- t

The contractor shall be pravlded wlth one transparent polyester standard drawing sheet and ona steel schedule sheet, whlch shall be used as masters tor all drewings preparod by him and submitted to the englneer for conslderatlon,

D

--

(0, + t) 2 D 2 (Da - t)

(D, + t) z D r D~

Da 2 5 {D,-t)

Tha contractor shall subrnlt to the ~nglnmer for hls ad]udieation one transparent polyester prlnt, 0.050 mm thick, o l each drawlng prepared by hlm. The standnrd of detalFlng and quallty of print shall bs the same as those of tho drawlngs suppllad to the contractor under the contract.

The drawlngs shall be cornplled In the nTfFclal hnguege of the contract and shall cnmpTy In all respects wlth the requlrements of ths employer.

Accepted drawlngs shall form an integral part of the contract documents, and any drawTng not accepted and signed will not be psrm~tted on the slte ot the works for constructlon purposes andlor used for the rnanufactura of any Item. Notwllhstnndlng the approval sndtor acceptancm and slgnlng of the drawlngs, tho contractor ahst1 take tull responslbllity for all deta~ls, dlscrepancles, omlsslons, errors, atc, In respect of the sald drawlngs 89 wall as for the consequences thereof.

The contractor shall subrnlt only fully cornplatad drawlngs In eccordance wlth thls spaeification and shall not be entitled to clalm tor delays resulting from the submlsslon of incernptste drawings The englneer wlll requlre a perlod of four to sight weeks, depend~ng on clreumstances, lor reviewing t he complete drawlng(s).

No direct payment For deslgn, praparatlon and submlsslon of drewlngs wlll be made and all coats shall be Included In the rates tendered Inr the relevant pay Items as lprovlded In the schedule of quantitles. The co2l of revlewlng the deslgnldrawlngs shall be for the contractor's account.

1222 USE OFMJLOSnrES

Generally the contractor will be parrnlttsd to use nxploslvea for breaking up rock and hard materlal during sncavation, lor dernolishlng existing structures, and 'lor such other purposes for whtch it may normally be rwqulred, sublect to the following conditions:

(a3 The englneer wlll have the rlght to prohibit the use of explosives In cases where, En h ~ s opinion, the rlsk of injury to persons or damsge to property or adloinlng structures is too high. Such actinn by the englneer shalF not entitle t h e contractor to any addltlonal payment tar having l o resort to other less economical methods of constructkon unless otherwise provided In the project specifications or the schedule ol quantities

(b) The prevlslons of subclause 3308(g) shall be complied with.

(c) Legal provlslons In regard to the use of e~plosives and the rsqulrements of the lnspedor of Explosives shall be strictly compiled wlth.

(d) The contractor ahall, at hla own cost, meke arrangements fur supplying, transporting, storlng and ustng exploslvas.

a ) Belore any blastlng Ts undertaken, the contractor, together wlth the englneer, shall exarnlne and rneaaure up any buildings, houses or structures In the vlclnlty of the proposmd blastlng and cretabllsh and record, together with the ownar thereof, the extent ot any cracks or damage that may exlat before blasting operallons are commenced It shall be the responslbllity of the contractor to make good, at hls own sxpense, any furthar damage to such houses, bulldlngs or struelures which la a result of the blaating operations.

(f) Where there Is consldsrable danger of damage to power or telephone llnes or underground or other services or any other property, the contractor shall sultably adapt his methnd of blastlng and the slze of the charges, and shall take edequate protectlve measures, such as cover blastlng, in order to llmlt the risk of damage as fnr as poaslbls.

(g) The englnesr shall, twenty-lour hours before each blasting operation Is earrled out, be advlsed thereof, In wrltlng, unless stharwlse sgrned on wlth the engineer,

1223 W R K ON, OVER, UNDER OR CUUAENT TO RAllWAY LINES

All work carrled out on, aver, under or adlacent to rallway 31nes of a statutory authorlty shall be- carr~ed out strictly in accordanca wlth tho latest edltlon of the officlal specifications of such authorlty, a copy of whlch wlll normally be lncluded In the project ~pecll~catlons. Where no such copy Is Included In the project spscllleatlons or where the copy lncluded In the prolea spectflcations 19 amended or superseded by another, the contractor tihall obtain the latest edltlon, whleh shall be kept on tha alte, before any work of thls nature Is commenced.

The attention is drawn particularry to Zha requirements eontalned In the specifications regarding ths approval that must be nbtained from the relevan? statutory authorlty for a work permit or occupation of Its property and the approval of falsework and formwork plans.

contractor's use and oe~upatlon of ths road reserve.

1225 HAUL

The contractor shall aubmlt to the englneer for approval full detalls of any haul and construction roads he proposes to bulld. Such detalls shall be submltted well In ndvence In order to afford the engineer sufficie