Colour pigment and additives used on thermoplastics

www.gabriel-chemie.com

Masterbatch producer within the supply chain

Rawmaterial, Crude oil, …

Monomer

Virgin polymer =

“pure resin“

Masterbatch Compound

Plastics converter

Final article

customer


From the beginnig – the basics of polymers From crude oil to (thermo)plastics

Crude oil naphtha

cracking

plastics

distillation

Ethylene, propylene,... Polymerization Polycondensation Polyaddition


• polymerisation

• polycondensation

• polyaddition

Formation of macromolecules

Differentiation of 3 synthesis processes

polycondensation


Subdivision of plastics

High-performance plastics

Construction - Plastics

Standard - Plastics

performance

PS SAN PVC

PP PE-UHMW

PE-HD PE-LD

PC PPE ABS

PMMA

PET PBT POM PVDF

PA

PI PEI PES PSU

PAI LCP

PEEK PPS

Semi-crystalline - opaque, flexible, chemical-resistant

Amorphous - transparent, brittle, Not resistant to chemicals

300°C

100°C

150°C


Important plastics

Name shortcut kind

1. Polyethylene PE Polymer

2. Polypropylene PP Polymer

3. Polyvinylchloride PVC Polymer

4. Polystyrene PS Polymer

5. Polyurethane PUR Polyaddukt

6. Polyethyleneterephthalate PET Polykondensat

The following six plastics now account for about 90% of global production in order of share:

There are about two dozen important types of plastics, but at least 5,000 trade names - mostly fancy names!

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylen

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylen


http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinylchlorid


http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethan


http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethan

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyaddukt

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylenterephthalat

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polykondensationsreaktion


Biobased versus biodegradeable Polymers Recycling of polymers


Advantages & disadvantages of plastics

Disadvantages

low heat resistance Flammability (partly toxic

decomposition products) large thermal expansion low modulus of elasticity Time and temperature dependence

of mechanical properties UV sensitivity

Advantages low density with good mechanical

properties good electrical insulation properties low thermal conductivity good resistance to chemicals Complex geometries can be

produced at low cost physiologically harmless (observe

additives) Properties can be specifically

influenced materials tailored to the application

can be produced


Mechanical characterization Time and temperature dependence of mechanical properties

The mechanical properties of plastics are the most important basis for the designer. Unfortunately, the mechanical properties cannot be described as material constants, but rather as molded part characteristics. This means, for example, that they are influenced by the geometry and process parameters during production.

1 = brittle

2 = tough

3 = elastic

4 = rubber-elastic

Viscoelastic material behavior

Temperature dependent Time (speed) dependent


UV sensitivity of polymers


Weathering … important aspects beside sunlight

www.gabriel-chemie.com 22

Additive masterbatches

Light stabilisers

Antioxidants

Flame retardants

Antistatics

Blowing agents

Degraded flowerpot

stabilisers

Selfextinguishing

Burning driplets

www.gabriel-chemie.com 23

Polymer processing aids

Slip additives

Antiblock Agents

Nucleating agents

Laser marking additives

Antifog

…..

Bisheriges PPA

Neues PPA

Additive masterbatches


Lubricants – Processing Aids

Lubricant

polymers low molecular weight

compounds

organic Oils

anorganic

MoS2 glass balls graphite silicone oil

white oil oleic acid

fatty acids soaps amide waxes polar PE-waxes polyolefine waxes montan waxes ester waxes poyols silicone waxes saccharides organic nanoparticles (hypercrosslinked)

PTFE UHMPE silicone


e.g. FR PRODUCT RANGE OF GABRIEL CHEMIE

LOW HALOGEN/ HALOGEN

FREE POLYETHYLENE

(thin wall)

TAPES

ARTIFICIAL TURF


PRODUCT RANGE OF GABRIEL CHEMIE – ACTUAL STATUS & OUTLOOK

MAXITHEN® PPSEAT SERIES

Low Halogen Products

PPSEAT SERIES

Tailormade Formulations As per customer requirements regarding colour & UV stability,

combination UV-FR–colour product in one pellet can be offered Compounds in customer specific polymers can be produced


FUNCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF FLAME RETARDANTS IN PLASTICS

Colourants - Basics


„Colour“ is different – from one to another person up to 20%

Lightbeam visual converting in human brain

„Light-Colour“

Absorbing medium

„Colour impression” Lightsource


Colourimetry basics – Spectral colours


Example of different lights


CIE L*a*b* - Colour Model

Green -a*

Black

L* White

Red +a*

Yellow YellowYellowYellowYellow+b*

Blue-b*

Das CIE L*a*b* System was puplished in 1976 .

It shows the distance between colors according

to the cognition of the eye.


Colours brochures

• Pantone (GC Standard = Formular Guide Coated/Uncoated) • RAL (GC Standard = K7) • Munsell • NCS • HKS • ….


Visual colour evalutation


Licht&Farbe_d.pptx


Grey scale ISO 105-A02 / DIN EN 20105-A02


Colour differences

standard dE = 2,93 dE = 1,06


Colour differences

dE = 2,88


1 colour in 3 different polymers

PP BC245MO ABS GP22 Lexan 121 R

HP5N3277 E=2%

PC5N3247 E=4%

ABS5N3235 E=4%

Pattern/Sample


Colour Index

Color Colour Index Generic Name Constitution Number

Yellow Pigment Yellow 138 (56 300)

Red Pigment Red 101 (77 491)

Green Pigment Green 7 (74 260)

Yellow Solvent Yellow 93 (48 160)

Example


Overview about colouration possibilities

Colour Pigments

Black Pigments

Glossy Pigments

Shiny Pigmnets

White Pigments

Pigments Dye stuff Pigments Dye stuff

anorganic organic

Coloured Pigments Coloured Dye stuff

--- ---

---

Black Pigments Black Dye stuff

---

Shiny Pigments Shiny dye stuff


Dispersion

Good dispersion Weak Dispersion


A large proportion of thermoplastics is processed fully automatically as granules. Therefore, a significant proportion of the active agent concentrates is supplied as granulate!

Why a Masterbatch?

Why are colorants and additives not added directly to the manufacturing process in liquid or powder form? considerable problems with regard to uniform

distribution of the active ingredients in the end product: uneven concentrations

Agglomerates / visible specks technical problems with dosage and processing Automation and purity in the production process

concentrates is supplied as granulate!


Coloration and refinement of plastics

= „Conditioning“

Tasks & Steps of Masterbatchproduction

Tasks: Change of particle/granule size Incorporation of additives (powder / pellets / flowing materials) Removing of volatile components (degasing / dehumidifying)

Colour masterbatch production requires often a different screw configuration/set up than additve masterbatch production !

Stock

Mixer

Silo

Cooling in watertank Granulator Sieve vibrating unit

Twinscrew extrusion process Sieve changing unit

Filling station

Stock

Dosing unit


Masterbatch Process & further processing

Injectionmoulding

Filmextrusion

Faserextrusion

Profilextrusion

Pipeextrusion Polymer Masterbatch Fillers

Additives

Pigments Raw polymer > 10%

Compounding

Filler Reinforcement

Thermostabilizer Light stabilizer Flameretarder Antistatics Antiblock Nucleating Agents

Organic Pigments Anorganic Pigments Effect pigments Monopräparations


Classification extrusion processes

Single screw extrusion

Twin screw extrusion


Polymer processing methods


Thermoforming

5 4

3 2 1

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Colour pigment and additives used on thermoplastics · Colour masterbatch production requires often...

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Transcript of Colour pigment and additives used on thermoplastics · Colour masterbatch production requires often...