Color Management Fundamentals...SWOP vs. GRACoL vs. Inkjet vs. Adobe RGB. Color space 48 SWOP vs....
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Color Management Fundamentals Wide Format Series Kerry Moloney Field & Channel Marketing Manager – Fiery Wide Format John Nate WW Technical Product Training Manager – Fiery Wide Format
Transcript of Color Management Fundamentals...SWOP vs. GRACoL vs. Inkjet vs. Adobe RGB. Color space 48 SWOP vs....
Color Management FundamentalsWide Format Series
Kerry Moloney Field & Channel Marketing Manager – Fiery Wide Format
John NateWW Technical Product Training Manager – Fiery Wide Format
Session overview
• Color management fundamentals, including basic color theory and management terms
• Get the best out of all of color technologies, regardless of the technology type
• Focus today on printing, with an emphasis on some wide format printing considerations
• Take a quick poll
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Topics to be covered
• Color management defined• Color space• Color accuracy and Delta-E (ΔΕ or dE)• Device dependent and device independent color• Gamut• Rendering intents & black point compensation• Color transforms• Calibration & profiling• Spot colors
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What is color management?
And why do we need it?
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Color management is…
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• A process, not a task• Ensures color fidelity between devices• Limited by each device
Color management is…
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• A process, not a task• Ensures color fidelity between devices• Limited by each device
Color management is…
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• A process, not a task• Ensures color fidelity between devices• Limited by each device
Color management is…
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by Steve Upton
…like making toast…
Color management is…
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…like making toast…
by Steve Upton
Color management is…
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…like making toast…
Color management is…
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…like making toast…1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Color management fundamentals
Basic terms
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Color space (L*a*b*)
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L*
0
100
50
Color space (L*a*b*)
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a*
+127-127 0
Color space (L*a*b*)
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b*
+127-128 0
b*
a*
L*
Color space (L*a*b*)
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Color space (L*a*b*)
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-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Color space (L*a*b*)
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-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
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Color inaccuracy
• Hue - color• Chroma - saturation• Luminance - brightness
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Cooler Warmer
Hue
Actual
Color
Where is your color?
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-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Hue
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-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Hue
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-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
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Less
Saturation
More
Saturation
Chroma - Saturation
Actual
Color
Chroma or Saturation
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-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Chroma or Saturation
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-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Chroma or Saturation
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-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
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Actual
Color
Darker Lighter
Luminance
Where is your color?
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-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Where is your color?
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-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Delta-E or ΔΕ or De
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Original Color
Delta-E 3 Delta-E 7
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Device dependent color
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R = 201
G = 5
B = 2
Device dependent color
R = 206
G = 3
B = 7
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CMYK = 1/84/95/2 0/97/90/85/93/88/0
Device dependent color
35L*a*b* = 56/95/54
CMYK = 1/84/95/2 0/97/90/85/93/88/0
Device dependent color
Gamut
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Gamut
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Gamut
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Gamut
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Gamut
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Gamut
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Gamut
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Gamut
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Color space
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SWOP
Color space
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SWOP
vs.
GRACoL
Color space
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SWOP
vs.
GRACoL
vs.
Inkjet
Color space
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SWOP
vs.
GRACoL
vs.
Inkjet
vs.
Adobe RGB
Color space
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SWOP
vs.
Toner
vs.
Inkjet
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Gamut
Larger Smaller
?
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Gamut
Larger Smaller
Spot colors
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Spot colors – Pantone Bridge
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Color management application
Decision time
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Rendering intent
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Larger Gamut
Smaller Gamut
In-Gamut Colors
Out-Of-Gamut Colors
1 3
2
654
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Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
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Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
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Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
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Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
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Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
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Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
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Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
1 3
2 654
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Colorimetric
1 3
2 654
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Saturation
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Colorimetric – relative vs. absolute
Newsprint
Relative Colorimetric
Newsprint
Absolute Colorimetric
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Banding
Original
Perceptual
Colorimetric
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Banding
Original
Perceptual
Colorimetric
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Banding
Original
Perceptual
Colorimetric
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Banding
Original
Perceptual
Colorimetric
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Newsprint
Black point compensation
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Black point compensation
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Black point compensation
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Black point compensation
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Graphic program defaults
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Graphic program defaults
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Assigning vs. converting
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Assigning vs. converting
Assigning = Change the way the image looks/prints
Converting = Keep the look the same
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Assigning vs. converting
1 Tb. = 1 Tb.
Assign = Not the same taste
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Assigning vs. converting
1 Tb. = 4 Tb.
Convert = The same taste
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Assigning vs. converting
Original Color in GRACoL23/92/53/17
40/50/14
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Assigning vs. converting
Original Color in GRACoL23/92/53/17
40/50/14
Assign SWOP 523/92/53/17
41/51/10
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Assigning vs. converting
Original Color in GRACoL23/92/53/17
40/50/14
Assign SWOP 523/92/53/17
41/51/10
Convert SWOP 524/93/61/19
40/50/14
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Converting
GRACoL SWOP
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Assigning vs. converting
Convert
Assign
Assign
Calibration and profiling
Controlling your color
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Calibration
• Calibration is active
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Calibration
• Calibration is active• Match a device to itself over time
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Calibration
• Calibration is active• Match a device to itself over time• Bring to a repeatable state
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Calibration
• Calibration is active• Match a device to itself over time• Bring to a repeatable state• Tuning the guitar
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Calibration
• Sometimes called “linearization”• Linearization is only one part of calibration
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Calibration – cameras
• Shutter speed• Aperture• White/gray balance
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Calibration – monitors
• Brightness• Contrast• White point
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Calibration – output devices
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Calibration – output devices
• Per channel ink/toner limits• Per channel linearity• Total ink/toner limit• Ink gray balance
• Usually through the use of a RIP
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Calibration – output devices
• Per channel ink limits
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Calibration – output devices
• Per channel ink limitsWet
Wet
No additional saturation
No additional saturation
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Calibration – output devices
• Per channel ink limitsWet
Wet
No additional saturation
No additional saturation
92%
89%
96%
81%
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Calibration – output devices
• Per channel linearity (ink or toner)
75%
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Calibration – output devices
• Per channel linearity (ink or toner)
25%
75%
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Calibration – output devices
• Per channel linearity (ink or toner)
Non-Linear
Non-Linear25%
75%
100
Calibration – output devices
• Per channel linearity (ink or toner)
25%
75%
50%25% 75%
Non-Linear
Non-Linear
Linear
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Calibration – output devices
• Total ink limit
280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400%
No darker
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Calibration – output devices
• Total ink limit
280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400%
No darker
TIL
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Calibration – output devices
• Total ink limit
280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400%
No darker
280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400%
Wet
TIL
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Calibration – output devices
• Total ink limit
280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400%
No darker
280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400%
Wet
TIL
TIL
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Calibration – output devices
• Ink gray balance
Poor gray balance
Questionable Gray Balance
Good Gray Balance
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Calibration – output devices
• Ink gray balance
Poor gray balance
Questionable gray balance
Good Gray Balance
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Calibration – output devices
• Ink gray balance
Poor gray balance
Questionable gray balance
Good gray balance
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Profiling
• Profiling is passive
ICC ProfileInternational Color Consortium
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Profiling
• Profiling is passive• A snapshot of the device characteristics
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Profiling
0/51/24/0
73/36/13
66/36/24/0
55/-10/-18
92/0/81/23
46/-55/16
CMYK
L*a*b*
0/0/0/30
78/0/0
0/100/66/0
61/127/105
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Profiling
CMYK = 1/84/95/2 0/100/66/0 0/97/90/8
L*a*b* = 61/127/105
CMYK = 0/100/66/0
L*a*b* = 61/127/105
Color management is…
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…like making toast…1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Session summary
• What we learned– Basic color management concepts apply to getting the most out
of all types of color technologies
– Take charge of your color management setting and options
– Color management is not a single task, rather a complete process
• To learn more, we have some resources for you
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Additional resources
• www.efi.com• ABCs of Color• Rendering Intent• Black Point Compensation articles
• www.colorwiki.com• Glossary of color terms
• www.xrite.com• Complete Guide to Color Management• A Guide to Understanding Color Communication• The Color Guide and Glossary
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Additional World of Fiery sessions
• May 27 – Color Management Fundamentals• Learn the foundations of color theory and management to get the most
from your design software and color technologies.• June 17 – Color Standards & Specifications
• Gain knowledge of the latest industry standards and how they apply to wide and superwide format printing and proofing.
• July 8 – Color Management Inside Fiery XF & Fiery proServer• Put your knowledge into practice and understand RIP-level color
controls.• Production Series for wide format printing starting this September, you can
register your interest for these on the World of Fiery Webinars home page
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Color management fundamentals
Questions?
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Color management fundamentals
Thank you!
