Spain ceded Florida to the United States, in turn, the U.S. renounced its claims to Texas, and part of Coahuila.  

Transcontinental Treaty 1819

Manifest Destiny

The Monroe Doctrine 1823

•  Proclaimed that European powers were not permitted to colonize the Americas or interfere with the affairs of its sovereign nations.

•  Suggested that the “Americas” were for the United States of America only. •  This policy embodied American Manifest Destiny, and ultimately justified

Ango-territorial expansion.

U.S. Territorial Expansion During 19th Century

•  Louisiana Purchase 1803, Mississippi basin •  Annexation of Texas 1845, Texas •  Oregon Dispute 1846, Oregon •  The Mexican War 1846-1848, half of Mexico’s territory •  The Gadsden Purchase 1853, land between Arizona and New Mexico •  Purchase of Alaska 1867, Alaska •  Annexation of Hawaii 1898, Hawaii

Stephen Austin Three-hundred Americans were given approx. 5000 acres a piece along the Brazos river on the condition they abide by Mexican laws, speak Spanish, and renounce Protestantism in favor of Catholicism.

Texas Rangers Company (1835)  

Racial Animosity Between Mexicans and Anglos

•  By 1830 in Texas Anglos outnumbered Mexicanos twenty-five thousand to four thousand.

•  Among those early settlers there was an

estimate of 2000 slaves.

Anglo Immigration into Texas

The Cotton Gin

Deterring Anglos From Entering Texas

•  Between 1830-1832 Anglo Immigration into Texas was forbidden.

•  Economic ties between Anglos in Texas and the U.S. were discouraged through a tough tariff policy.

•  Through the proclamation Mexico abolished slavery, and hoped that the decree itself would make Mexico less attractive to colonist from the U.S.

Texas War for Succession

•  Samuel Houston (1793-1836) became the leader of the Texas faction which called for immediate independence from Mexico, in opposition to Austin who wanted more conciliatory policy.

•  In 1835 Texas initiated their rebellion against the Mexican government.

Antonio Lopez de Santana

•  Famous Mexican caudillo Santana led an army of approximately 5000 soldiers.

•  Battles: El Alamo, Goliad, & San Jacinto.

•  The treaty of Velasco        

President James K. Polk

•  Advocate of expansion, Polk was swept into office on the promise that he would “reoccupy” Oregon and “re-annex” Texas.

U.S.-Mexico Border Dispute