Colonial Regions

What Brings People Together?

Interpret this cartoon – what is it saying?

New England• Who started the

New England Colonies?

• All colonies were started by Puritans a religious group who wanted to make the church of England simpler (less Catholic).

• They left England because they were being persecuted (treated unfairly).

• They had very strong religious beliefs and wanted to be free to practice them.

Massachusetts• Who founded

Massachusetts?• Why?

• During the reign of Charles I in England Puritans were being persecuted.

• They called it the “Evil Times.”

• In 1629 – Puritans, led by John Winthrop started the Massachusetts Bay Company, got a charter, and left England to start a new Colony.

• They wanted to form a new society based on their religious beliefs.

Massachusetts

• How was Massachusetts governed?

• Only church members could vote

• Elected representatives to an assembly called the General Court

• Great Migration = because of success 15,000 people moved to Massachusetts between 1629 and 1640

• Population growth = problems between Puritans and others

Connecticut

• Who founded Connecticut?

• Why?

• Puritan minister Thomas Hooker

• Believed the governor and other officials in Massachusetts had too much power

• Became a separate colony in 1662

Connecticut

• How was Connecticut different?

• Settlers wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut = the first constitution.

• Precedent for other states and the US

• Limited government• Gave all land owners

the power to vote

Rhode Island

• Who founded Rhode Island?

• Why?

• Started by Roger Williams.• He was kicked out of

Massachusetts and started Rhode Island in 1636.

• Believed:– Puritans had too much power.– the business of church and

state should be separate.– in religious tolerance = he

wanted people to be able to practice their own beliefs.

Massachusetts Government

• What were the governments of the New England Colonies like?

• Massachusetts: only members of the church were allowed to vote.

• Selected representatives to the General Court, the legislature (law making body).

Connecticut Government

• What were the governments of New England like?

• Connecticut: did not like the power of the Massachusetts government

• Wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: gave all property owners the right to vote and limited the power of the government (the first constitution)

New England Government

• What were New England governments like?

• All New England Colonies had town meetings

• Settlers discussed and voted on many issues.

• These helped democracy grow in America.

Puritan Rules• How did the Puritans

in New England treat people who disagreed with them?

• Roger Williams: ordered to leave Massachusetts because he spoke out against Puritan power and he believed in religious tolerance

• Anne Hutchinson: woman who spoke out against Puritans and their teachings was forced to move to Rhode Island.

Indians• How did the

Puritans treat the Indians?

• Indians taught the Puritans how to live in America.

• More settlers arrived and took native lands.

• 1675:Puritans fought the Indians led by Metacom or “King Phillip”

• Puritans defeated the Indians.

• All Indians would be forced off of their homelands.

Economy• What was the

Economy like in the New England?

• Based on the environment.

• Farming was common but the soil was rocky.

• Cut down trees and sent them down rivers to the ports.

• Shipbuilding and whaling became America’s first industries.

• Cities like Boston grew around these businesses.

Importance?

• Why were the New England Colonies important?

• Puritans brought their religious ideas with them.

• Even though the Puritans lost power, the motivation of religion would always be important in the North.

• The environment was bad for farming so slavery never grew.

• Because of the environment, industries and cities grew in the North = population growth!

Middle Colonies

• What were the Middle Colonies?

• New York• New Jersey• Pennsylvania• Delaware

New Netherlands becomes New York• Who founded the

Middle Colonies?• The Dutch started New

Netherlands.• Patroons had huge pieces of

land (like feudalism).• Dutch rule was unpopular

because they abused power.• Allowed all religions leading to

diversity.• 1664 – the English invaded

New Amsterdam harbor.• Dutch colonists refused to fight

Peter Stuyvesant was very unpopular even though he restored law and order NAC

New York and New Jersey

• Who founded the Middle Colonies?

• Charles II gave the colony to his brother the Duke of York.

• Renamed it New York.• The Duke gave the

southern part of the land to his friends: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley.

• They renamed it New Jersey.

Carteret and Berkeley had themselves a money making proprietary colony!

Pennsylvania• Who founded

the Middle Colonies?

• PA and DE: Quakers (William Penn)

• Believed people were equal in god’s eyes.

• Against war and refused to serve in the army

• Some were hanged for beliefs.

• Penn: from a wealthy family. Joined the Quakers.

• He became convinced the Quakers would not make it in England.

• Granted a charter because of a debt owed to Penn’s father.

The Middle Colonies

• Why did people come to the Middle Colonies?

• Pennsylvania and Delaware: Quakers “Holy Experiment” - Build a religious society based on beliefs: equality and peace!

• People came from all over Europe to escape persecution

• Led to diversity unlike any other region.

• NY and NJ: money, land, and opportunity.

Middle Colonies• What was life like in the

Middle Colonies? Government:• All started as proprietary

colonies.• Each had a legislature

and limits on government• Eventually all became

royal colonies. • Royal government still

had legislatures but less power for the people because of the governor.

Middle Colonies• What was life like in

the Middle Colonies?Economy: Diverse based

on the environment.

It was also diverse because of the ethnic diversity.

• “Bread Basket” great soil for wheat and grain

• Skilled workers from all over = manufacturing

• Port cities like Philadelphia and New York grew.

Middle Colonies

• What was life like in the Middle Colonies?

Religion:• Religious Tolerance

Diversity:• Because of religious

tolerance and the legacy of New Sweden and New Netherlands, people came from all over Europe (IE Pennsylvania Dutch)

• Many people moved west (backcountry)

Middle Colonies Importance?

• Why were the Middle Colonies important?

• Diversity: different talents and skills to the economy

• Manufacturing and cities = population growth and economic power

• A lot in common with New England

• Environment was not good for slavery (except DE)

• Quakers = first anti-slavery (abolitionists)

Southern Colonies• What were the Southern

Colonies?• Virginia• Maryland• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia

Southern Colonies• Who founded the

Southern Colonies? • VA = Virginia Company

• MD – Lord Baltimore

• NC and SC: 8 nobles

• GA: James Oglethorpe

The Southern Colonies• Why did people come to the Southern Colonies?

• Money and land• MD: Catholics• GA: for debtors

Southern Colonies• What was life like in the

Southern Colonies?Government:• VA House of

Burgesses = legislature

• Each colony followed the precedent (example)

• All became royal colonies

Southern Colonies• What was life like in

the Southern Colonies?

Economy: Based on environment.

• Tidewater = near water had plantation slavery (rice, indigo, and tobacco)

• Backcountry = small farms grew grain and raised livestock

Southern Colonies• What was life like

in the Southern Colonies?

Slavery:• Slaves traveled to

America over the deadly “Middle Passage”

• Slave codes took away rights after Bacon’s Rebellion

• Few people owned slaves

• Slaves were important to the rich “planters” who owned many!

Southern Colonies

• What was life like in the Southern Colonies?

Religion:• Act of

Toleration – MD protected religious freedom

• Religion was not as important to everyday life in the South

Southern Colonies Importance?

• Why were the Southern Colonies important?

• Making money became the primary motivation of most people

• Economy was based on plantation slavery

• Powerful landowners were slave owners who needed the slaves.

• Fewer cities and little manufacturing (smaller than the North)