Colonial America 1500-1760

01. The exclusive control over a product or service is called (A) Renaissance (B) tariff (C) monopoly (D) import. 02. The expansion of trade out of the Mediterranean Sea and into world sea lanes is known as (A) the Commercial Revolution (B) the Industrial Revolution (C) the Puritan Revolution (D) the Renaissance.

03. The visits of Europeans to American before Columbus were not significant because (A) their voyages were soon forgotten (B) no permanent settlements were made (C) the explorers came from Northern Europe (D) the lands was considered useless.

04. The first Americans probably came to America by way of (A) the Bering Strait (B) Isthmus of Panama (C) Cape of Good Hope (D) Strait of Gibraltar.

05. Which of the following did not happen in 1619? (A) the first Africans arrived in Jamestown (B) Burgesses met in Jamestown (C) Virginia became a royal colony (D) the London Company sent women to Virginia.

06. The fact that the English settlers in America retained their rights and privileges as English subjects was significant because (A) it helped strengthen the idea of self government in the colonies (B) the King held absolute control over his subjects (C) it led to the signing of the Magna Carta (D) all of these.

07. Indentured servants were settlers who paid for their passage to the New World by (A) working without wages for a period of time (B) working as part of the crew aboard ship (C) serving in the colonial militia (D) all of these.

08. A colony which was actually owned by one person was called (A) royal colony (B) self governing colony (C) proprietary colony (D) maritime colony.

09. The Maryland Act of Toleration (1649) guaranteed religious freedom for (A) all Catholics (B) all Protestants (C) all Christians (D) people of all religions.

10. Which pair of colonies had the greatest degree of religious tolerance? (A) New York and Virginia (B) Maryland and Rhode Island (C) Massachusetts and Connecticut (D) New Jersey and Delaware.

11. Which of the following was not one of the thirteen original colonies? (A) New Jersey (B) New Hampshire (C) Georgia (D) Maine.

12. The French settlers in America got along better with the Indians than the British because the French (A) made the Indians citizens of New France (B) gave the Indians new land (C) did not destroy the forests and drive away the game (D) all of these.

13. The French and Indian War, which started in 1754, began over conflicting claims in the (A) Tennessee Valley (B) St. Lawrence Valley (C) Hudson Valley (D) Ohio Valley.

14. The British and French fought in 1754 to gain all of the following except: (A) foreign colonies (B) naval supremacy (C) the Ohio Valley (D) Guadeloupe and Martinique.

15. As a result of the French and Indian War, (A) Great Britain gained all of North America east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans (B) France lost most of its overseas possessions (C) Spain gained control over New Orleans (D) all of these.

16. The economic and political policy under which a nation built up a powerful and self-sufficient empire was called (A) feudalism (B) laissez faire (C) communism (D) mercantilism.

17. The colonial system of trading rum for slaves in Africa, then trading the slaves in the West Indies for sugar and molasses, was known as (A) mercantilism (B) triangular trade (C) manufacturing (D) exporting and importing.

18. Before 1763, the Navigation Acts and other laws which regulated colonial commercial activity did not greatly affect the colonies because (A) the colonies were self sufficient (B) the British followed a policy of salutary neglect (C) everything the colonists wanted came from Great Britain (D) the colonists agreed with these laws.

19. In the 1700s, the majority of the colonists earned their living by (A) farming (B) trading among the colonies (C) manufacturing (D) exporting and importing.

20. Each plantation was a self sufficient economic unit because (A) it produced most of the necessities of life (B) it imported most of the items it needed from Great Britain (C) it depended on the other colonies for its needs (D) it specialized in the production of one crop.

21. The section of the colonies in which life was most like that in England was (A) New England (B) the Middle colonies (C) the Western colonies (D) the Southern colonies.

22. The group of colonists who differed most from people in the Old World were the (A) southern planters (B) frontier farmers (C) merchant townspeople (D) city artisans.

23. The long terrible voyage of slaves from Africa to the New World was called the (A) Middle Passage (B) seasoning period (C) breaking in period (D) mercantile period.

24. A famous victory for freedom of the press was won in a case involving (A) William Berkeley (B) Benjamin Franklin (C) Phyllis Wheatley (D) John Peter Zenger.

25. All of the following were types of colonies in America except: (A) proprietary (B) self governing (C) church (D) royal.

26. Europeans wanted to trade with Asia for all of the following products except: (A) pepper (B) glass (C) tobacco (D) steel.

27. The Line of Demarcation was established by a treaty between (A) England and France (B) Portugal and Spain (C) Spain and France (D) Portugal and Italy.

28. Columbus’ decision to sail westward from Europe to reach Asia was based on the belief that (A) the Earth was smaller than it actually is (B) Asia was larger than it actually is (C) the westerly winds would help speed the return trip (D) the earth is spherical.

29. The defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588) was considered a turning point in American history because (A) it was an English victory (B) it was the beginning of Spain’s decline in the New World (C) it helped to open new trade routes (D) none of these.

30. Which of the following did not contribute to the near failure of the Jamestown colony? (A) the location of the colony (B) the type of settlers (C) the time spent hunting for gold (D) the leadership of John Smith.

31. Which of the following did the government of England lack in 1763? (A) Parliament (B) Prime Minister (C) Navy (D) none of these.

32. The Mayflower Compact was (A) a plan of government (B) agreed upon before the Pilgrims set sail from England (C) a step toward self-government (D) all of these.

33. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson helped establish the principle of (A) freedom of the press (B) representative government (C) freedom of religion (D) free public education.

34. New Amsterdam was originally settled by (A) English (B) Dutch (C) French (D) Swedes.

35. The colonies that contained people with the greatest variety of occupations and backgrounds were the (A) Middle colonies (B) New England colonies (C) Royal colonies (D) Southern colonies.

36. All of the following were features of Southern life except: (A) shipbuilding (B) tobacco plantations (C) slavery (D) rice plantations.

37. Much of the wealth of New France came from (A) gold (B) silver (C) furs (D) rice and tobacco.

38. The fur trade weakened the French Empire in North America because it (A) discouraged manufacturing (B) caused Indian trouble (C) scattered the French settlements, making them difficult to defend (D) was not profitable.

39. Which of the following was not a French advantage in the French and Indian War? (A) a single, unified government (B) Indian allies (C) a powerful army (D) a large population.

40. In the French and Indian War, the Indian tribes who were allied with the British were the (A) Algonquin (B) Iroquois Confederation (C) Sioux (D) Cherokees.

41. Enumerated Goods could only be shipped to (A) other colonies (B) France (C) Indian allies (D) England.

42. Which of the following lived during the colonial period? (A) Andrew Jackson (B) Abraham Lincoln (C) John Quincy Adams (D) none of these.

43. A nation has a favorable balance of trade when its (A) exports are greater than its imports (B) imports are greater than exports (C) exports and imports are equal (D) none of these.

44. The British thought that the American colonies would strengthen Great Britain in all of the following ways except: (A) provide raw materials (B) provide a market for manufactured goods (C) act as a buffer against European powers (D) encourage the growth of a strong navy.

45. To restrict colonial manufacturing, Parliament forbade all of the following except: (A) the building of ships in the colonies (B) the manufacture of beaver hats in the colonies (C) the manufacture of iron goods in the colonies (D) immigration of skilled laborers from Great Britain.

46. The description that least applies to the pioneer farmer in the colonies is (A) self reliant (B) individualistic (C) dependent (D) cooperative.

47. The idea of equality among people grew most rapidly among the (A) townspeople (B) plantation owners (C) pioneers farmers (D) frontiersman.

48. Which of the following applied to Black people during colonial times? (A) the were denied the opportunities of other groups (B) they were usually slaves (C) they were considered inferior by others (D) all of these.

49. Religious toleration developed in the colonies because of (A) the need for settlers (B) the difficulty of imposing one religion on the settlers (C) the precedent set by Rhode Island and Maryland (D) all of these.

50. One factor that aided the development of democracy in the colonies was (A) religious and property qualifications for voting (B) the system of slavery (C) the heritage of the “rights of freeborn Englishmen” (D) social class distinctions.

51. The countries directly affected by the Papal Demarcation Line were of 1494 were: (A) Bosnia and Serbia (B) Spain and Portugal (C) Spain and France (D) England and France.

52. All of the following were reasons for English colonization of the New World except: (A) the desire for commercial supremacy (B) the need for a population outlet (C) the desire to obtain the wealth of the Mayan civilization (D) the desire for national prestige.

53. The Patroon system was a characteristic of the New World settlements of (A) England (B) Sweden (C) France (D) Holland.

54. The Swedish colonists who came to the New World around 1650 settled in (A) New York (B) Delaware (C) Virginia (D) Pennsylvania.

55. In most of the thirteen colonies, the settlers gained experience in self government by (A) choosing governors to administer colonial affairs (B) sending representatives to the British Parliament (C) electing members of colonial assemblies (D) regulating their trade with Great Britain.

56. For what purposes did Englishmen come to America in the colonial period? (A) religious freedom (B) economic opportunity (C) social equality (D) all of these.

57. All of the following were types of colonial organization except: (A) royal (B) charter (C) dominion (D) proprietary.

58. During the colonial period, political differences were most bitter between (A) the Atlantic seaboard versus frontier settlements (B) North versus South (C) Federalists versus Anti-Federalists (D) manufacturing versus agricultural.

59. The Mayflower Compact was an agreement to (A) allow only Puritans to worship in the new colony (B) defend the New England colonies from the Indians (C) pass such laws as the good of the colony demanded (D) purchase land from the Indians in the new settlement.

61. A celebrated victory for the American idea of freedom of the press was the (A) Dartmouth College Case (B) Zenger Case (C) Danbury Hatters Case (D) Marbury Case.

62. Which of the following democratic principles had made the greatest advance by the end of the colonial period? (A) universal manhood suffrage (B) religious liberty (C) free public education (D) emancipation of slaves.

62. The House of Burgesses and the New England Town Meeting were similar in that both (A) originated in New England (B) were forms of self government (C) were established by the Articles of Confederation (D) were free from vetoes by the colonial governor.

63. Which of the following contributed most to the establishment of religious freedom in the colonies? (A) Thomas Hooker (B) John Winthrop (C) William Penn (D) Cotton Mather.

64. The colonial labor supply was characterized by (A) the use of Indians as farm laborers (B) a large number of indentured servants (C) an oversupply of skilled craftsmen (D) a concentration of workers in urban centers.

65. During the colonial period, the leading staple crop of the Southern colonies was (A) rice (B) corn (C) tobacco (D) indigo.

66. In some of the thirteen colonies, England tried to discourage (A) the manufacture of ironware (B) consumption of tea (C) shipbuilding (D) production of tobacco and turpentine.

67. To overcome the scarcity of gold and silver caused by England’s trade policies the colonists did all of the following except: (A) develop a system of triangular trade (B) issue paper money (C) make manufacturing their major occupation (D) sell tobacco, naval stores and ships to the mother country.

68. Which of the following colonies had the greatest degree of religious tolerance? (A) Connecticut (B) Maryland (C) Massachusetts (D) South Carolina.

69. The Salem Witchcraft Trials were evidence of (A) democratic progress (B) cultural improvement (C) superstition and intolerance (D) England’s violation of the right of self government.

70. The French and Indian War was part of (A) the effort of Napoleon to establish world domination (B) an attempt by colonial people to throw off imperialism (C) the struggle between England and France for world supremacy (D) the rivalry between England and Spain for colonies.

71. The most important cause of the French and Indian War was (A) expansion of French influence in the Ohio River Valley (B) the desire of the English colonists to annex Canada (C) Indian raids on frontier settlements (D) the Pontiac Conspiracy.

72. England’s advantages over France in 1754 included all of the following except: (A) friendship with the Iroquois Indians (B) control of the seas (C) a military alliance with Spain (D) a larger colonial population.

73. The decisive victory in the French and Indian War was the capture of (A) Quebec (B) Louisburg (C) Montreal (D) Fort Duquesne.

74. An important result of the French and Indian War was that it (A) ended the Indian menace (B) cause France to cede her claims west of the Mississippi (C) encouraged a spirit of independence in the colonies (D) lessened England’s restrictions on the colonies.

75. The Peace of Paris (1763) ended conflict between England and France in North America, Europe and (A) South America (B) Africa (C) Middle East (D) Asia.

76. Class distinctions were difficult to maintain in the colonies because: (A) There were many opportunities for economic advancement (B) The colonists had left Great Britain to get away from such distinctions and would not tolerate them in the new country (C) The British society from which many had come lacked such distinctions (D) The presence of slaves made distinctions among the white settlers undesirable.

77. Which of the following arts had a difficult time becoming established in the colonial period because of the opposition of some of the colonial governments? (A) Furniture making (B) Silversmith (C) Architecture (D) Drama.

78. The colonies differed in their economic development mainly because of (A) geography (B) culture (C) nationalism (D) religion.

79. The most important export in the northern colonies was (A) cotton (B) furs (C) lumber (D) tobacco.

80. The Proclamation Line of 1763 marked the (A) routes of Indian traders (B) western boundary of the colonies (C) roads of western settlements (D) limits of Spanish territory.

81. The first colony to have a representative assembly was (A) Virginia (B) Pennsylvania (C) Massachusetts (D) Maryland.

82. Which of the following was formed as a home for imprisoned debtors? (A) Maryland (B) Pennsylvania (C) Georgia (D) New York.

83. Which of the following British colonies was founded last? (A) Plymouth (B) Pennsylvania (C) Georgia (D) Virginia.

84. Which of the following British colonies was founded first? (A) Georgia (B) Plymouth (C) Pennsylvania (D) Maryland.

85. Which of the following was not a leader of the settlement paired with his name? (A) John Smith-Jamestown (B) William Penn-Pennsylvania (C) William Bradford-Plymouth (D) Roger Williams-Hartford.

86. The most significant difference between the Puritans and the Pilgrims is that the Pilgrims (A) arrived in New England first (B) obtained a grant of settlement from the London Company (C) wished to separate from the Church of England (D) had a strong leader.

87. Which of the following was not a part of the British mercantile system? (A) Act of Toleration (B) Hatters Act (C) Iron Act (D) Sugar Act.

88. Indians did all of the following except: (A) aided the Pilgrims (B) split their support in the 18th century colonial wars (C) felt their way of life was threatened by the territorial expansion of the colonists (D) organized effectively to block English expansion westward.

89. The trial of John Peter Zenger in New York was a milestone in the development of (A) religious toleration (B) freedom of the press (C) free public education (D) right to bear arms.

90. Which of the following was not an important cause of the French and Indian War? (A) formation of the Ohio Company (B) limited trade in the Caribbean (C) French exploration in the Great Lakes region and westward (D) desire of Massachusetts colonists to clear the French out of Canada.

91. Which of the following events occurred first? (A) Bacon’s Rebellion (B) formation of the New England Confederation (C) French and Indian War (D) Glorious Revolution in England.

92. An economic system by which a nation seeks to accumulate precious metals by maintaining a favorable balance of trade is (A) mercantilism (B) socialism (C) feudalism (D) capitalism.

93. The principal motivation for the settlement of the Plymouth Bay Colony was (A) political (B) economic (C) religious (D) cultural.

94. A witchcraft hysteria occurred in the 1600s in (A) Salem (B) New York (C) Boston (D) Charleston.

95. On the eve of the American Revolution the colonists (A) were poor oppressed peasants much like the serfs of Russia (B) the American people as a group were probably the most free people in the world (C) the colonists were virtually independent, having attained the status of a Commonwealth (D) none of these.

96. Which of the following wrote about his capture and liberation from Native Americans? (A) William Bradford (B) John Smith (C) George Custer (D) Almonzo Wilder.

97. In colonial America, the term Cavalier referred to (A) a supporter of King Charles I (B) a colony directly controlled by the King (C) someone who had left England because of opposition to the royal government (D) a document issued by the government granting rights and privileges.

98. Which of the following is incorrectly paired with the country for which he sailed? (A) Fernando Magellan-Spain (B) Samuel de Champlain-France (C) Henry Hudson-Portugal (D) Francis Drake-Britain.

99. Which of the following is not true? (A) England was an important commercial nation in the 1700s (B) Spain took the lead in seeking an all water route to India (C) the history of the United States begins in Europe (D) the development of commerce had little to do with the advance of civilization.

100. Who was the Portuguese man who set up a school for navigators? (A) Porfirio Diaz (B) Henry Cabot (C) Prince Henry (D) Christopher Columbus.

101. In the 15th Century, trade between Europe and the Far East increased because (A) the people of the Far East needed European products (B) the people of the Far East had products highly valued by Europeans (C) Europeans needed a market for their manufactured goods (D) the Europeans needed raw materials from the Far East.

102. Which of the following explored the Atlantic seaboard in the service of England and the Netherlands? (A) John Cabot (B) Samuel de Champlain (C) Francis Drake (D) Henry Hudson.

103. The chief goal of English exploration in the 1500s was the discovery of a water route (A) around South America to China (B) around Africa to India (C) around North America to the Orient (D) to India via the Mediterranean and the Red Sea.

104. The predominant cultural influence in most of the western hemisphere has been (A) Italian (B) French (C) British (D) Spanish.

105. Which of the following possessed a great empire in America before a permanent colony had been established by any of the others? (A) Spain (B) France (C) Holland (D) England.

106. How did the charter members of the London Company hope to realize a profit? (A) engaging in the fur trade (B) discovering precious metals (C) planting a large acreage in cotton (D) kidnapping Indians and selling them as slaves.

107. When the Pilgrims neared America they realized that no provision had been made for their government. What was their solution? (A) they waited for instructions from the Mother country (B) they were forced to live under a dictatorship (C) they agreed to obey a government based on the consent of all members (D) they lived in a state of anarchy.

108. The Toleration Act (1649) was passed by the Maryland Assembly because of the need to (A) protect the rights of Protestants who had settled there (B) protect the rights of the Catholic minority (C) provide a refuge for the Quakers (D) provide religious freedom for non-Christian people.

109. An important reason for the comparatively slow increase in the population of New France was that (A) the land was a state monopoly (B) only missionaries were allowed to trade with the Indians (C) the Algonquin Indians were warlike and hostile (D) only Catholics were permitted to settle there.

110. In which of these capacities were the English colonists most superior to the French? (A) as Indian traders (B) as farmers (C) as missionaries (D) as explorers.

111. An important advantage of the English over the French in the French and Indian War was the (A) compact line of English settlements (B) strongly centralized government of the 13 colonies (C) alliance with Spain (D) refusal of colonial merchants to sell supplies to the French in Canada.

112. The outcome of the French and Indian War is important in the history of America because it meant the (A) opening of the west to settlement by the English (B) substitution of a unified French government for the laws of the English (C) final defeat of the Indians (D) rise of French sea power.

113. What was the most important reason why large plantations were not established in the New England colonies? (A) these colonies prohibited slavery (B) most of the population lived in towns and villages (C) practically all capital was invested in commercial enterprise (D) the soil and climate were not suited to such a system.

114. Which of the following did the English discourage rather than encourage? (A) manufacturing (B) production of naval stores (C) shipbuilding (D) growing rice and indigo.

115. Which was an important part of the economic theories held by most nations during the colonial period? (A) a nation should export more than it imports (B) a nation should import more than it exports (C) a nation should import and export equal amounts (D) a nation should only engage in internal trade.

116. Which of the following was not a reason for the lack of currency in the colonies in the colonial period? (A) excessive taxation by the mother country (B) unfavorable balance of trade with England (C) restrictions on the issuance of paper money by the mother country (D) lack of gold and silver mines.

117. Class distinctions were difficult to maintain in colonial America because (A) there were many opportunities for economic advancement (B) the colonists had left Great Britain to get away from such distinctions (C) the British society from which the

colonists had come lacked these distinctions (D) the presence of slaves made class distinctions undesirable.

118. During colonial times, laws governing personal behavior were strictest in (A) New England (B) Virginia (C) the frontier communities (D) newly settled cotton areas of the South.

119. The most important means of domestic transportation and communication during the colonial period was (A) river (B) canal (C) railway (D) turnpike.

120. In which of the following was public education most firmly established during the colonial period? (A) Massachusetts (B) New York (C) Pennsylvania (D) Virginia.

121. The rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon was caused by (A) British trade restrictions (B) unfair taxation (C) neglect by the government of the problems of the inland settlers (D) desire to be governed by the French rather than the British.

122. Which of the following was not considered to be a “right of freeborn Englishmen”? (A) free speech (B) voting (C) trial by jury (D) freedom from unreasonable imprisonment.

123. By the end of the colonial period most of the British colonies in America were governed by (A) a council of church elders (B) a governor, council and assembly all appointed by the Crown (C) a governor, council and assembly elected by the people (D) the appointed representative of the company that established the colony.

124. Why did the British governors in America in the 1700s have a hard time carrying out a consistent policy? (A) they had to be reelected every two years (B) they were appointed by the King and thereafter distrusted by the Parliament (C) they were colonials unqualified for high office (D) they were appointed by the Crown, but paid by the colonial assemblies.

125. Which advantage of remaining part of the British Empire was not nearly so important to the American colonies after 1763 as it had been previously? (A) colonial and British ships could participate on equal terms in carrying the commerce of the Empire (B) protection against the ambition of other colonizing nations was given by the British army (C) certain American products were given a monopoly on the British market (D) bounties were given to encourage the production of certain products in America.

126. French, Spanish and English colonies in North America were most similar in that they all (A) were founded and developed by private enterprise (B) were permitted representative assemblies (C) were subjected to mercantilist policies (D) provided a haven for victims of religious persecution.

127. All but one of the following are associated with the early days of the Jamestown colony except: (A) the “starving time” (B) religious toleration (C) Pocahontas (D) John Smith.

128. By which Treaty (1763) did France give up all her possessions in the New World? (A) Utrecht (B) Paris (C) Ghent (D) Versailles.

129. A fort built by George Washington was (A) Fort Apache (B) Fort Pitt (C) Fort Henry (D) Fort Necessity.

130. During the last Ice Age, a land bridge across the Bering Strait allowed people to migrate from (A) Africa to Europe (B) Asia to North America (C) North America to South America (D) Newport Beach to Costa Mesa.

131. After most of the large game animals became extinct, Paleo Indians developed (A) artifacts (B) pulleys and wheels (C) larger weapons (D) less nomadic societies.

132. Which crop, developed in Mexico, first enabled Indians to develop arts and crafts? (A) corn (B) wheat (C) squash (D) tobacco.

133. Which culture built elaborate burial mounds in the Ohio region? (A) Hopewell (B) Hohokam (C) Anasazi (D) Sioux.

134. The Navigation Act (1660) required colonists to (A) use only English or colonial owned ships (B) grow tobacco (C) buys stamps (D) elect local tax collectors.

135. European contact devastated the Indian population by introducing (A) Rap Music (B) diseases (C) manufactured goods (D) alcohol.

136. Parents of children in Puritan Massachusetts wanted them to learn to read so that they could (A) improve commerce in the colony (B) know the Bible (C) understand their government (D) return to England.

137. What happened when Indians came up against European technology? (A) they rejected it as ineffective (B) they lost their lands (C) they successfully pitted their own technology against it (D) they adapted it and used it to save their culture and land.

138. What does the term ecology describe? (A) the relationship between cultural groups (B) the spiritual essence of the natural world (C) the relationship of living things and their environment (D) the way people meet their needs for food and shelter.

139. What did Indians and Europeans disagree most strongly about? (A) trade (B) road building (C) land use (D) use of harbors.

140. The design of caravel made it possible for Columbus to sail (A) through icebergs (B) into the wind (C) without wind (D) without using sail.

141. Cortes was able to conquer the Aztecs because he had (A) a huge army of Spanish soldiers (B) guns and horses (C) proof that he had killed Montezuma (D) great wealth to offer.

142. In the 1500s and 1600s, Spain spread (A) Catholicism throughout New Spain (B) encomiendas throughout Spain (C) sugar farming throughout all its colonies (D) precious metals throughout the Empire.

143. Which of the following was not a proprietary colony? (A) Carolina (B) Pennsylvania (C) Georgia (D) Maryland.

144. In the early intercolonial struggles the English colonies were superior to the French in (A) religious unity (B) administrative organization (C) military leadership (D) size of population.

147. In which of the following endeavors did German immigrants have the most influence? (A) the development of patroonships (B) the production of naval stores (C) the manufacturing of glass, paper and iron (D) the development of subsistence farming in the Piedmont.

148. The most respected colonial occupation was a (A) minister (B) doctor (C) lawyer (D) teacher.

149. The primary motive of those who founded Virginia was the desire (A) for economic gain (B) to increase the power and glory of Great Britain (C) to create a perfect religious commonwealth (D) to recreate in the New World the feudalistic society that was fading in the Old World.

150. Which of the following religions was not influenced by the teachings of John Calvin? (A) Huguenots (B) Dutch Reform (C) Presbyterians (D) Anglicans.

151. The last Southern colony to be established was (A) Maryland (B) Georgia (C) North Carolina (D) West Virginia.

152. Which of the following statements about history is not true? (A) it always deals with the past (B) it is unchanging (C) it is best written from primary sources (D) it is biased.

153. Which of the following were not permitted to worship in Maryland by their Act of Toleration? (A) Jews (B) Catholics (C) Lutherans (D) Anglicans.

154. The purpose of the Townshend Acts was to (A) raise revenues to pay colonial judges and governors (B) control trade between the colonies and the West Indies (C) pay for colonial military defense (D) help reduce the debt from the French-Indian War.

155. Which of the following was not one of the “Bread Colonies”? (A) New York (B) Pennsylvania (C) Connecticut (D) New Jersey.

156. The Proclamation Line of 1763 (A) gave the trans-Mississippi territory to England (B) halted western settlement to pacify the Indians (C) divided Florida between Spain and England (D) established English dominance in the Great Lakes region.

157. During the French-Indian War which of the following British leaders had the least success? (A) Jeffrey Amherst (B) Edward Braddock (C) William Pitt (D) James Wolfe.

158. The main reason for the British Crown’s preference for royal colonies over those with other types was (A) the desire to exercise closer control over the colonies (B) the desire to prevent corruption within colonial governments (C) the desire to increase colonial prosperity (D) the need to decrease the size of the colonial bureaucracy.

159. Which of the following commercial ventures did fishing in New England not stimulate? (A) lumbering (B) trade (C) fur trapping (D) shipbuilding.

160. The Treaty of Tordesillas gave Portugal a foothold in (A) Barbados (B) Santo Domingo (C) the Philippines (D) Brazil.

161. Which of the following two churches were tax-supported in the colonies in 1775? (A) Presbyterians and Congregationalists (B) Anglicans and Baptists (C) Lutherans and Separatists (D) Congregationalists and Anglicans.

162. Which of the following is not true of New France? (A) excluded Huguenots (B) had few people, mostly in the St. Lawrence Valley (C) had reasonable relations with the Indians (D) was France’s most important colony in North America.

163. The Great Plains are drained by which of the following rivers? (A) Mississippi (B) Hudson (C) Colorado (D) St. Lawrence.

164. Which of the following colonial victories brought France into the Revolutionary War on the side of the Americans? (A) Oriskany (B) Kings Mountain (C) Trenton (D) Saratoga.

165. The first permanent European colony in America was established in (A) New Mexico (B) Virginia (C) Florida (D) Massachusetts.

166. The immediate issue in dispute in Bacon’s Rebellion was (A) the jailing of individuals for failure to pay taxes during a time of economic hardship (B) the under-representation of the back country in Virginia’s legislature (C) the refusal of large planters to honor the terms of contracts with former indentured servants (D) the perceived failure of Virginia’s governor to protect the frontier from Indian raids.

167. What was the most profitable economic activity in New France? (A) fur trapping (B) lumbering (C) cod fishing (D) gold mining.

168. In founding the colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe’s primary purpose was to (A) provide a refuge for persecuted English Quakers (B) provide a refuge for English debtors (C) gain a base for launching English expeditions against Spanish Florida (D) make a financial profit.

169. The Puritans of Massachusetts Bay colony wanted their settlement to be primarily (A) a pluralistic society in which all would be free to practice their beliefs (B) an example to the rest of the world (C) a place where they would have the opportunity to prosper free from government regulation (D) a society that practiced complete separation of church and state. 170. The “Great Awakening” of the 18th century was (A) an intellectual and philosophical movement in America similar to the Enlightenment of Europe (B) the process by which Americans started to see the advantages of independence from Great Britain (C) the beginning of the first substantial American contribution to the fields of art and literature (D) a major religious revival.

171. Which of the following was not one of the Intolerable Acts? (A) Declaratory (B) Quebec (C) Quartering (D) Boston Port.

172. Which of the following was not one of the colonial South’s cash crops? (A) indigo (B) rice (C) flour (D) tobacco.

173. Which of the following colonial universities was nondenominational in its affiliation? (A) Columbia (B) Harvard (C) Pennsylvania (D) William and Mary.

174. Which of the following was not one of the Grenville Acts? (A) Stamp (B) Navigation (C) Currency (D) Sugar.

175. The first written constitution in the American colonies was the (A) Dominion of New England (B) Mayflower Compact (C) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (D) New England Confederation.

176. During the Revolutionary War, Loyalists would be least numerous among (A) the Anglican clergy (B) South Carolina planters (C) Pennsylvania Quakers (D) New Englanders.

177. Which of the following was not one of the advantages of the Americans in the Revolutionary War? (A) good leadership (B) foreign aid (C) large navy (D) better tactics.

178. In the Treaty of Paris (1763), England failed to gain (A) French Canada (B) control of the Mississippi except for New Orleans (C) commercial superiority in North America (D) the removal of Spain as a western neighbor.

179. The diversity of Native American culture is (A) not comparable to the differences that exist in European culture (B) a reflection of environmental diversity (C) caused by the people’s physical diversity (D) a product of the different regions in Asia that they lived in.

180. Which of the following was not a cause of the French-Indian War in America? (A) Indian raids (B) taxation of the colonists (C) fishing rights (D) mercantilist competition.

181. The “shot heard around the world” was fired at (A) Bunker Hill (B) Brandywine (C) Boston (D) Lexington.

182. The first permanent English settlement established in America was (A) Jamestown (B) Roanoke (C) Plymouth (D) St. Augustine.

183. The bottom position in colonial society was occupied by the (A) slaves (B) indentured servants (C) yeoman farmers (D) convict laborers.

184. Which of the following was not a factor that hampered the development of the Spanish colonies in America? (A) they were checked by the French (B) the presence of hostile and ferocious Indians (C) the severe physical environment (D) the lack of adequate colonists.

185. The most successful of the early New England colonists were the (A) Quakers (B) Anglicans (C) Separatists (D) Congregationalists.

186. Which of the following was not one of the major results of the French-Indian War as it applied to the American colonists? (A) England lost control of Florida (B) the need for English colonial control was ended (C) England gained control of Canada (D) defects in English colonial policy were magnified.

187. Which of the following religions was least influential in the Middle Colonies? (A) Dutch Reform (B) Presbyterians (C) Quakers (D) Puritans.

188. Colonial society was characterized by (A) upward social mobility (B) a stratified class system (C) a homogeneous society (D) the relative absence of religious persecution.

189. Which of the following was true of the Stamp Act Congress? (A) it was the first unified government for all the American colonies (B) it provided an important opportunity for colonial stamp agents to discuss methods of enforcing the act (C) it rejected the assertion that the colonies ought to protest acts of Parliament deemed to be unconstitutional (D) it provided an opportunity for colonial leaders to meet and establish ties with one another.

190. The western border of the Colorado Plateau is the (A) Wasatch Mountains (B) Great Plains (C) Rockies (D) Great Basin.

191. The economic theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which of the following statements? (A) economies will prosper most when trade is restricted as little as possible (B) a government should seek to direct the economy so as to maximize exports (C) it is vital that a country import more than it exports (D) tariff barriers should be avoided as much as possible.

192. Which of the following is not a primary research source? (A) diary (B) journal (C) biography (D) letter.

193. One of the purposes of the Tea Act of 1773 was to (A) prevent over-consumption of tea in America (B) lower the price of tea in Great Britain by decreasing the demand for it in America (C) save the British East India Company from financial ruin (D) create a long-term shift in wealth from Britain’s North American colonies to its colony in India.

194. The purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas was (A) to divide the non-European world between Spain and Portugal (B) to exclude any Portuguese colonization from the Western hemisphere (C) to create an alliance of France, Holland, and England against Spanish designs in the New World (D) to divide the New World between France and Spain.

195. During the 1760s and 70s the most effective American tactic in gaining the repeal of the Stamp and Townshend Acts was (A) tarring and feathering British tax agents (B) sending petitions to the King and Parliament (C) boycotting British goods (D) destroying private property on which taxes had been levied.

196. Which of the following European countries did not join America in their War for Independence against Great Britain? (A) Netherlands (B) Prussia (C) France (D) Spain.

197. Which of the following religions was not influenced by the teachings of John Calvin? (A) Presbyterians (B) Puritans (C) Huguenots (D) Quakers.

198. Which of the following is a proletarian drug food? (A) coffee (B) tobacco (C) sugar (D) all of these.

199. Which of the following was carried back to Europe to change the diet there? (A) corn (B) wheat (C) barley (D) all of these.

200. During the first half of the 18th Century, colonial assemblies frequently used “the power of the purse” to (A) check royal governors (B) encourage political union among the colonies (C) obtain money from England (D) extend suffrage in the frontier settlements.

201. What did a spirit of geographic inquiry during the late Middle Ages bring many to believe? (A) That the interior of Africa might yield spices formerly found only in the East (B) That a new continent might be found to the west of Europe (C) That the Tigris-

Euphrates-Indian Ocean route to the East might be rediscovered (D) That Europe and China were bounded by the same body of water.

202. In the second half of the fifteenth century the Portuguese were seeking a water route to India because: (A) They wished to rediscover the route traveled by Marco Polo (B) The Turks had closed the old route (C) The Spanish had proved that it was possible to reach the East by sailing westward (D) An all-water route would make possible great profits.

203. Which of these discovered the route which supplanted the older overland route to the East? (A) da Gama (B) Magellan (C) Columbus (D) Drake.

204. In the Fifteenth Century, trade between Europe and the Far East increased because: (A) The people of the Far East needed European products (B) The people of the Far East had goods highly valued by the Europeans (C) The Europeans needed a market for their manufactured goods (D) The Europeans needed the raw materials from the Far East.

205. Why did the countries on the west coast of Europe lead in the exploration of the unknown world in the fifteenth and sixteenth countries? (A) The most experienced mariners were from these countries (B) These countries had to seek new routes to break the trade monopoly of the Mediterranean countries (C) These countries had better harbors than those of southern Europe (D) The Mediterranean countries had developed strong national governments that could grant monopolies; the Atlantic Coast had not.

206. Columbus favored a westward route across the ocean to the Spice Islands because: (A) The Turks had closed the route to India via southern Africa (B) The Pope had granted the Portuguese a monopoly of the direct trade with the Far East (C) He believed this would prove to be the shortest water route (D) Marco Polo had underestimated the distance he traveled in going from Venice to China.

207. In the late Middle Ages the people of western Europe were eager to purchase the spices of the East because: (A) At that time there were available no effective methods for the preservation of foods (B) The spicing of food had been unknown to the cooks of antiquity (C) The Turks were blocking the trade routes to the Far East (D) The consumption of spices helped to fortify men and women against the rigors of a northern climate.

208. In the Sixteenth Century, the interest of European nations in the colonization of America was stimulated by the: (A) Flow of wealth from Mexico and Peru into Spain (B) Failure of Portugal to profit from the trade with India (C) Need for obtaining colonies to which convicts might be sent (D) Growing conviction that the best route to the Far East was westward across the Atlantic.

209. Which of these explored the Atlantic seaboard in the service of England and the Netherlands? (A) John Cabot (B) Samuel de Champlain (C) Francis Drake (D) Henry Hudson.

210. Which was the most important product imported by European nations from the New World during the 16th century? (A) tobacco (B) spices (C) precious metals (D) slaves.

211. In the second half of the sixteenth century, the Netherlands became a rival of Portugal for the direct trade with the Far East because: (A) Portugal, since the voyage of da Gama to India, had maintained an embargo on the export of spices to the Netherlands (B) Spain had closed Portuguese harbors to Dutch vessels and thus had ruined Dutch trade based on the distribution of spices (C) The Netherlands resented the alliance between Portugal and England (D) The route via Cape Horn was too long and dangerous to enable Dutch traders to realize a profit.

212. Three of the following were areas of Spanish discovery and exploration. Which was not? (A) St. Lawrence Valley (B) South America (C) Mexico (D) West Indies.

213. What was the most important motive behind the activities of the English “sea dogs” of the Sixteenth century? (A) To find a western passage to the Indies (B) To break the Spanish trade monopoly (C) To plant English colonies in America (D) To defeat the Great Armada.

214. The chief goal of English exploration during the sixteenth century was the discovery of a water route: (A) Around South America to China (B) Around Africa to India (C) Around North America to the Orient (D) To India via the Mediterranean and the Red Sea.

215. At the time of the discovery of the American continents, the Indians of Central America differed from those farther north in being: (A) More warlike (B) More highly civilized (C) Less numerous (D) More nomadic.

216. In regulating commerce with her American colonies, Spain followed a policy of (A) Free Trade (B) Restricting trade to Spaniards under a strict government monopoly (C) Requiring foreign traders to bring their precious cargoes to the “India House” at Seville for the payment of duties (D) Granting unrestricted trading privileges to all Spanish citizens.

217. The predominant cultural influence in most of the Western Hemisphere south of the United States: (A) Italian (B) French (C) British (D) Spanish.

218. Which of these was most important in preventing Spain from deriving as great an advantage as she had anticipated from the discovery of precious metals in America? (A) Rising prices and commercial exchange drained these metals out of Spain (B) English commerce raiders prevented the bulk of these metals from reaching Spain (C) Sources of precious metals were also discovered in the French and English colonies (D) The other nations of Europe abandoned the gold and silver standard.

219. Anyone of the following might contribute to the decline of a nation as a colonial power. Which best explains Spain’s decline as such a power during the seventeenth century? (A) Inability to control native populations (B) Economic poverty of the region colonized (C) Loss of control of the sea (D) Failure to establish a civilized form of life in the region colonized.

220. An important factor in Spain’s comparative lack of success as a colonizing power was her: (A) Failure to absorb the native population in the colonies (B) Mistake in granting too much independence to her colonies (C) Waning sea power (D) Excessive emphasis on agriculture.

221. Who discovered the best water route into the interior of North America? (A) John Cabot (B) Vasco da Gama (C) Sir Frances Drake (D) Jacques Cartier.

222. Who established the first permanent French colony in America? (A) La Salle (B) Cartier (C) Cadillac (D) Champlain.

223. A major advantage of the commercial corporation as a colonizing agency was that it: (A) Brought a number of “gentleman to the New World as colonists (B) Could raise large sums of money to finance such a venture (C) Existed with the approval of the king (D) Permitted the importation of slaves and indentured servants into the colonies.

224. Which of the following countries was not a major colonizing force in the New World in the 16th Century, but became one in the 17th century? (A) Spain (B) Portugal (C) Italy (D) Great Britain.

225. How did the charter members of the London Company hope to realize a profit? (A) By engaging in fur trade (B) By discovering precious metals (C) By planting a large acreage in cotton (D) By kidnapping Indians and selling them into slavery.

226. Who differed from other early New England leaders in that he advocated the separation of Church and State? (A) William Bradford (B) John Winthrop (C) Roger Williams (D) John Endicott.

227. William Penn wanted to found a colony in the New World in order to: (A) Escape the disgrace of no longer being held in favor at the court (B) Develop cotton and tobacco culture under a system of slave labor along the fertile shores of the Delaware River (C) Regain the wealth which he had lost during the Puritan Revolution (D) Provide an asylum for his persecuted fellow religionists.

228. Which of these migrated in large numbers to Virginia in the period 1649-1659? (A) Cavaliers (B) Huguenots (C) Patroons (D) Puritans.

229. Which of these, driven from their country by religious persecution, settled in large numbers in South Carolina? (A) Cavaliers (B) Huguenots (C) Patroons (D) Puritans.

230. The religious motive was not a factor in the settlement of the: (A) French Huguenots in Carolina (B) Quakers in Pennsylvania (C) Dutch in New Amsterdam (D) Catholics in Maryland.

231. The Toleration Act was passed by the Maryland Assembly because of the need to: (A) Protect the rights of the Protestants who had settled there (B) Protect the rights of the Catholic minority (C) Provide a refuge for the Quakers (D) Provide religious freedom for non-Christian people.

232. One reason why the English government resolved to capture the Dutch colony of New Netherlands was that: (A) England feared an alliance between France and the Netherlands (B) The colonists in New England lived in fear of conquest by the Dutch (C) Dutch smugglers made it all but impossible to enforce trade regulations in America (D) The Netherlands and Sweden, allies in the Thirty Years’ War, were beginning to cooperate in the colonial field.

233. In the amount of control exercised over commercial and political institutions of her colonies, which of the following nations differed most from the other three? (A) France (B) England (C) Spain (D) Portugal.

234. The system of landholding established in New France closely resembled the: (A) Homestead policy adopted by the United States about the time of the Civil War (B) Freehold system which came to prevail in the English colonies (C) Patroon system established by the Dutch in New Netherlands (D) Communal organization perfected by the Mormons in Utah.

235. In which respect did the English colonies in America differ most from those of Spain? (A) Emphasis on agriculture (B) Toleration of slavery (C) Diversity in religion (D) Respect for the rights of the Indians to the soil.

236. An important reason for the comparatively slow increase in the French population in New France was that: (A) The land was a state of monopoly (B) Only missionaries were allowed to trade with the Indians (C) The Algonquin Indians were warlike and hostile (D) Only Catholics were allowed to settle there.

237. At the beginning of the French and Indian War the colonial interests of France and Great Britain were in greatest conflict in which of the following areas? (A) Lake Superior and Lake Michigan (B) St. Lawrence Valley (C) The Ohio Valley (D) Along the Florida-Georgia border.

238. The works of which of these deal largely with the rivalry of France and England for supremacy in North America? (A) Nathaniel Hawthorne (B) Ralph Waldo Emerson(C) Francis Parkman (D) Washington Irving.

239. In Jamestown, the tillage of great sections of land by servants in the employ of the Virginia Company proved unsuccessful because the: (A) Servants hired were lazy

Negroes (B) Results of their toil brought the workers only a bare living, thereby depriving them of all incentive to work hard (C) John Smith believed that community enterprise should be encouraged (D) Work was too closely supervised by the Company.

240. How did the French and Indian War differ from other eighteenth-century colonial wars in North America? (A) France rather than Spain, was England’s chief enemy (B) The war broke out in Europe and later spread to America (C) France was eliminated as a colonial power(D) The British victory may be attributed largely to the loyalty of Indian allies.

241. The outcome of the French and Indian War is important in the history of America because it meant the: (A) Opening of the West to settlement by the English (B) Substitution of a unified French government for the lax English control (C) Final subjugation of the Indians (D) Rise of French sea power.

242. During the 17th century the most important source of labor supply in the southern English colonies consisted of: (A) Negro slaves (B) Indentured servants (C) Indian slaves (D) White laborers working for wages.

243. Negro slavery rapidly increased in the American colonies in the century before the Revolutionary War because: (A) Cotton planting was already the most important industry(B) The cotton gin had just been invented (C) The Puritan religion tended to encourage slavery (D) Indian slaves were poor workers.

244. Most of the people who came to America during the colonial period migrated for which of the following types of reasons? (A) Economic (B) Political (C) Cultural (D) Religious.

245. During the 18th Century which of the following types of immigrants to the British colonies to America went in the greatest numbers to the frontiers? (A) English (B) Dutch (C) Scotch-Irish (D) German.

246. During the 18th century the population of English extraction in the American colonies increased principally because of the (A) Persecution of the Huguenots (B) Strife in England between Parliament and the king (C) Large families being reared by the settlers (D) Religious strife in England.

247. Before the Revolution, many English convicts became laborers in the American colonies because of the fact that they (A) Made up the majority of the indentured servant class (B) Preferred deportation to imprisonment and death (C) Were deported under the provisions of an English law requiring the exile of all convicts (D) Were sold as slaves to the wealthy planters.

248. What was the most important reason why large plantations were not established in the New England colonies? (A) These colonies prohibited slavery (B) most of the

population dwelt in towns and villages (C) Practically all capital was invested in commercial enterprises (D) The soil and climate were not adapted to such a system.

249. Which of the following indicates the order from large to small of the average size of landholdings in the three sections of the country during the colonial period? (A) New England, the South, the middle colonies (B) The middle colonies, the South, New England (C) The South, New England, the middle colonies (D) The South, the middle colonies, New England.

250. A general characteristic of Southern plantations during the colonial period was: (A) One-crop farming (B) The three-field system (C) Exclusive reliance on Negro slave labor (D) The planting of cotton to the exclusion of any other money crop.

251. What was the leading staple for export from the British colonies in America during the eighteenth century? (A) Rice (B) Cotton (C) Wheat (D) Tobacco.

252. The most important aspect of the general carrying trade engaged in by the North American colonies was the: (A) African slave trade a (B) Trade with China and the Far East (C) Trade with the West Indies (D) Trade with the mother country.

253. Which was an important part of the economic theories held by most nations during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? (A) That a nation should export more than it imported (B) That a nation should import more than it exported (C) That a nation should export and import equal amounts (D) That a nation should refrain from engaging in foreign trade.

254. Which was the principal reason why England desired colonies during most of the colonial period? (A) To furnish the raw materials which she herself could not provide (B) To provide a place for the investment of surplus capital (C) To secure finished goods not manufactured in England (D) To secure an outlet for surplus population.

255. Which of these factors did most to prevent the growth of a large wage-earning class in the colonies? (A) Competition of slavery (B) Lack of currency (C) Ease with which land could be obtained (D) Prohibitions on manufacturing.

256. Three of these were reasons for lack of currency in the colonies. Which was not? (A) Excessive taxation by the mother country (B) Unfavorable balance of trade with England (C) Restriction on the issuance of paper currency by the mother country (D) Lack of gold and silver mines.

257. Which did England discourage rather than encourage in the colonies? (A) Manufacturing (B) Production of naval stores (C) Shipbuilding (D) Cultivation of rice and indigo.

258. During the colonial period it was least likely that a person would become extremely wealthy by engaging in: (A) Commerce (B) Manufacturing (C) Land speculation (D) Fur trade.

259. Under the English colonial system, manufacturing was discouraged in the colonies because: (A) The mother country needed a market for surplus goods (B) Factory hands made poor soldiers in the French and Indian wars (C) England lacked a surplus of capital to establish factories in the New World (D) The increased production of staples such as wheat, cotton, and tobacco would make possible a profitable exchange for French manufacturers.

260. Which means was commonly used during colonial times to stimulate business and to satisfy the demands of debtor classes? (A) Issues of paper currency (B) Relief payments to the unemployed (C) Old age pensions (D) Programs of public works.

261. Which of the following was the most important factor in promoting a sense of unity among the British colonies (A) Navigable rivers running north and south (B) Fear of common enemies (C) Similarity of economic interests (D) A common religion.

262. The most important means of domestic transportation and communication during the colonial was: (A) River and ocean (B) Canal (C) Turnpike (D) Railway.

263. An important reason for the heavy immigration to Massachusetts (1630-1640) was the (A) Religious and political strife which prevailed in England (B) Religious toleration which characterized the colony: (C) Flight of English royalists following the execution of Charles I (D) Promise of easy wealth held out by the huge returns on capital invested in the Jamestown Colony.

264. In which of the following colonies would a person whose religious and political principles differed most from those of the majority of the members have been molested? (A) Massachusetts (B) Maryland (C) Pennsylvania (D) Rhode Island.

265. Which was a democratic aspect of colonial New England society? (A) A right to vote based on residence rather than on religious or property qualifications (B) Separation of Church and State (C) The town meeting for the transaction of local business (D) Establishment of schools for the teaching of democratic principles.

266. During colonial times, laws governing personal behavior were strictest in: (A) New England (B) Virginia (C) The frontier communities (D) The newly settled cotton-raising areas of the south.

267. Although the recognized home of many of our democratic institutions, early Massachusetts revealed many undemocratic aspects, one of which was the: (A) Town meeting (B) Compulsory enrollment of minutemen (C) Lack of separation between Church and State (D) Christianizing of the Indians.

268. What was the primary purpose of the formation of the New England Confederation (1643)? (A) To resist an attack by the French (B) To organize a defense against Indian uprisings (C) To resist an attack by the Dutch (D) To prevent revocation of colonial charters.

269. Before the Revolution, the members of the representative assemblies in the various colonies were elected by (A) Universal suffrage (B) All the free whites (C) The property owners (D) All freemen.

270. In the last quarter of the 17th century, the British government, in order to check the rapidly increasing authority and self-sufficiency of the American colonies, planned to: (A) Revoke the colonial charters (B) Permit the colonies to be represented in Parliament on the condition that they renounce their local assemblies (C) Place the appointment of the provincial governor in the hands of Parliament (D) Grant the Catholics of Quebec freedom of worship.

271. Which of the following characterized the Dominion of New England created in 1685? (A) The member-states were proprietary colonies (B) The member-states were represented in the British Parliament (C) The taxes were voted by the popularly-elected assembly (D) The governor was appointed by the King.

272. The Zenger trial is a milestone in the development of a free press in America. Which of these was established as a result of it? (A) that a newspaper is free to print anything which will interest the public (B) that a provable statement is not libel and may be published without fear of punishment (C) that newspapers may print the proceedings of criminal trials (D) that newspapers may be owned by private individuals.

273. Why did British governors in America during the eighteenth century have a hard time carrying out consistent policies? (A) They were compelled to stand for reelection every two years (B) They were appointed by the king and therefore distrusted by Parliament (C) They were Colonial who were unqualified for high office (D) They were appointed by the Crown, but paid by the colonial assemblies.

274. The purpose which the Sugar and Molasses Act of 1733 was designed to serve within the British Empire as a whole would most closely approximate the purpose of which of these? (A) A pure food law (B) A sales tax (C) A protective tariff (D) A tariff for revenue.

275. During the 17th and 18th centuries the comparative success of English colonial enterprise was in part due to the fact that: (A) The government in the colonies was characterized by a combination of authority and self-government (B) England was the strongest military power in Europe (C) English statesmen realized the fallacy of the mercantile theory (D) There had existed a uniform type of government in all English colonies since their origin.

276. Which was not characteristic of both modern state and colonial governments? (A) A governor possessing the power to veto acts of legislature (B) Appropriation bills originating in and passed by the legislature (C) Absence of property and religious qualifications for voting (D) A legislature consisting of an upper and lower house.

277. Which was the most common characteristic of British colonial government? (A) A legislature in which the lower house was elective (B) A governor appointed by the legislature (C) Local self government based upon the township as a unit (D) Religious qualifications for citizenship.

278. By the end of the colonial period most of the British colonies in America were governed by: (A) The elders of the established church (B) A governor, council and assembly all elected by the people (C) A governor and council appointed by the king, an assembly elected by the voters (D) The appointed representatives of the companies which had established the colonies.

279. The representative assemblies in the Thirteen Colonies often claimed the right to: (A) Declare war (B) Frame protective tariffs (C) Appoint the colonial governors (D) Issue currency.

280. Which of these would have been most likely to have had a college education during colonial times? (A) a merchant (B) a doctor (C) a farmer (D) a minister.

281. Which of the following was not considered to be a right of all British colonists? (A) Right of free speech (B) Right to vote (C) Neglect of the problems of the inland settlers (D) Desire to be governed by the French, rather than the British government.

282. The rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon was caused by: (A) Trade restrictions imposed by the British government (B) Unfair taxation (C) Neglect of the problems of the inland settlers (D) Desire to be governed by the French, rather than the British government.

283. Which one of the following colonies had the largest proportion of non-English settlers up to the time of the Revolution? (A) Maryland (B) Massachusetts (C) South Carolina (D) Pennsylvania.

284. In colonial Massachusetts, the effect upon education of the close connection between Church and State was that: (A) Public schools were forbidden by law (B) Only the children of the wealthy attended grammar school (C) Religious instruction was excluded from the curriculum (D) An effort was made to teach all children to read and write.

285. All of the following are commonly found in modern cities. The existence of which would be least surprising to a person of the colonial period were he able to return? (A) banks (B) public libraries (C) churches (D) apartment houses.

286. The nature of colonial schools shows that the chief educational interest of the time was which of these? (A) Higher education for leaders (B) Elementary education or the masses (C) Vocational education for those desiring it (D) Identical educational opportunities for all regardless of wealth and position.

287. Whose writings depict the inhumanity of early New England Puritanism? (A) Nathaniel Hawthorne (B) Ralph Waldo Emerson (C) Francis Parkman (D) Washington Irving.

288. In which of the following was public education most firmly established during the colonial period? (A) Massachusetts (B) New York (C) Pennsylvania (D) Virginia.

289. Which was not characteristic of the colonial population? (1) It was made up primarily of farmers (B) It had strong class distinctions (C) It was almost entirely English in origin (D) Its Negro population was evenly distributed among the colonies.

290. Colonial New England derived much of its wealth from (A) Cotton manufacture (B) Steel making (C) Shipping (D) Leather manufacture.

291. Which of the following was not a proprietary colony? (A) Carolina (B) Pennsylvania (C) Georgia (D) Maryland.

292. In the early intercolonial struggles the English colonies were superior to the French in (A) religious unity (B) administrative organization (C) military leadership (D) size of population.

293. After 1763 what part of England’s new colonial policy was the greatest threat to the colonies? (A) increased taxes and duties (B) the British trade monopoly (C) the abolishment of colonial self-government (D) the strict enforcement of trade regulations.

294. In which of the following endeavors did German immigrants have the most influence? (A) the development of patroonships (B) the production of naval stores (C) the manufacturing of glass, paper and iron (D) the development of subsistence farming in the Piedmont.

295. The most respected colonial occupation was a (A) minister (B) doctor (C) lawyer (D) teacher.

296. The primary motive of those who founded Virginia was the desire (A) for economic gain (B) to increase the power and glory of Great Britain (C) to create a perfect religious commonwealth (D) to recreate in the New World the feudalistic society that was fading in the Old World.

297. Which of the following religions was not influenced by the teachings of John Calvin? (A) Huguenots (B) Dutch Reform (C) Presbyterians (D) Anglicans.

298. The last Southern colony to be established was (A) Maryland (B) Georgia (C) North Carolina (D) West Virginia.

299. Which of the following statements about history is not true? (A) it always deals with the past (B) it is unchanging (C) it is best written from primary sources (D) it is biased.

300. Which of the following were not permitted to worship in Maryland by their Act of Toleration? (A) Jews (B) Catholics (C) Lutherans (D) Anglicans.

301. Which of the following was not one of the “Bread Colonies”? (A) New York (B) Pennsylvania (C) Connecticut (D) New Jersey.

302. The Proclamation Line of 1763 (A) gave the trans-Mississippi territory to England (B) halted western settlement to pacify the Indians (C) divided Florida between Spain and England (D) established English dominance in the Great Lakes region.

303. During the French-Indian War which of the following British leaders had the least success? (A) Jeffrey Amherst (B) Edward Braddock (C) William Pitt (D) James Wolfe.

304. Which of the following commercial ventures was not stimulated by fishing in New England? (A) lumbering (B) trade (C) fur trapping (D) ship building.

305. Which of the following two churches were tax-supported in the colonies in 1775? (A) Presbyterians and Congregationalists (B) Anglicans and Baptists (C) Lutherans and Separatists (D) Congregationalists and Anglicans.

306. The Great Plains are drained are drained by which of the following rivers? (A) Mississippi (B) Hudson (C) Colorado (D) St. Lawrence.

307. Which of the following is not true of New France? (A) excluded Huguenots (B) had few people, mostly in the St. Lawrence Valley (C) had reasonable relations with the Indians (D) was France’s most important colony in North America.

310. Which of the following was not one of the colonial South’s cash crops? (A) indigo (B) rice (C) flour (D) tobacco.

311. What was the most profitable economic activity in New France? (A) fur trapping (B) lumbering (C) cod fishing (D) gold mining.

312. Which of the following colonial universities was nondenominational in its affiliation? (A) Columbia (B) Harvard (C) Pennsylvania (D) William and Mary.

313. Which of the following was not one of the Grenville Acts? (A) Stamp (B) Navigation (C) Currency (D) Sugar.

315. In the Treaty of Paris, 1763, England failed to gain (A) French Canada (B) control of the Mississippi except for New Orleans (C) commercial superiority in North America (D) the removal of Spain as a western neighbor.

316. The diversity of Native American culture is (A) not comparable to the differences that exist in European cultures (B) a reflection of environmental diversity (C) caused by the people’s physical diversity (D) a product of the different regions in Asia that they lived in.

317. Which of the following was not a cause of the French-Indian War in America? (A) Indian raids (B) taxation of the colonists (C) fishing rights (D) mercantilistic competition.

318. The bottom position in colonial society was occupied by the (A) slaves (B) indentured servants (C) yeoman farmers (D) convict laborers.

319. Which of the following was not a factor that hampered the development of the Spanish colonies in America? (A) they were checked by the French (B) the presence of hostile and ferocious Indians (C) the severe physical environment (D) the lack of adequate colonists.

320. The most successful of the early New England colonists were the (A) Quakers (B) Anglicans (C) Separatists (D) Congregationalists.

321. Which of the following was not one of the major results of the French-Indian War as it applied to the American colonists? (A) England lost control of Florida (B) the need for English colonial control was ended (C) England gained control of Canada (D) defects in English colonial policy were magnified.

322. Which of the following religions was least influential in the Middle Colonies? (A) Dutch Reform (B) Presbyterians (C) Quakers (D) Puritans.

323. Colonial society was characterized by (A) upward social mobility (B) a stratified class system (C) a homogeneous society (D) the relative absence of religious persecution.

324. The economic theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which of the following statements? (A) economies will prosper most when trade is restricted as little as possible (B) a government should seek to direct the economy so as to maximize exports (C) it is vital that a country import more than it exports (D) tariff barriers should be avoided as much as possible.

325. Which of the following is not a primary research source? (A) diary (B) journal (C) biography (D) letter.

326. Which of the following religions was not influenced by the teachings of John Calvin? (A) Presbyterians (B) Puritans (C) Huguenots (D) Quakers.

327.. The trial of Peter Zenger upheld the colonist's right to (A) request a jury trial (B) criticize the government (C) refuse the payment of British taxes (D) resist illegal searches.

328. The reason for the greatest number of people coming to the New World was (A) to Christianize the Indians (B) the desire to live in a democracy (C) the search for a better living (D) the love of adventure.

329. The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the American colonial empire of (A) Spain (B) Great Britain (C) France (D) Holland.

330. All of the following contributed towards the discovery of the New World except (A) rise of nation-states (B) development of trade (C) scientific inventions (D) the growth of feudalism.

331. The colony that had the greatest degree of religious toleration was (A) Maryland (B) New York (C) Pennsylvania (D) Rhode Island.

332. Which of the following did not apply to the New England colonies? (A) influenced by the sea (b) began public school education (C) town-meeting the local form of government (D) economy based on one crop.

333. Which of the following did not apply to the Southern colonies? (A) plantation system (B) many nationalities (C) county government (D) education depended on private schools and tutors.

334. Which of the following did not apply to the English colonies? (A) had some voice in their local government (B) widespread land ownership (C) predominately agricultural (D) all laws were made by the king.

335. The French and Indian War began with a struggle between France and Great Britain for possession of (A) the Ohio Valley (B) the Mississippi Valley (C) the New England states, (D) the Oregon territory.

336. Which of the following was not an act passed by the British Parliament to obtain revenue? (A) Stamp Act (B) Townshend Duties (C) Tea Act (D) Proclamation Act of 1763.

337. Which of the following countries was the first to explore in the New World? (A) France (B) England (C) Holland (D) Sweden (E) Spain.

338. The Spanish explored and established colonies in the Americas chiefly to (A) escape wars and persecution at home (B) gain wealth, adventure and power (C) find an outlet for surplus population (D) destroy English power in the New World (E) find a more democratic place to live.

339. The discovery of the Americas by Columbus was (A) accidental (B) deliberate (C) planned by Queen Isabella (D) outlined by Prince Henry (E) predicted by Columbus.

340. The defeat of the Spanish Armada was most important to America because it (A) gave England control of the sea and secured for her freedom to colonize (B) demonstrated the superiority of English seamanship (C) gave Drake and other English sea-dogs a free hand to seize and capture Spanish ships (D) ended the Spanish empire in the Americas (E) gave England complete control of North and South America.

341. Which of the following men discovered the Pacific Ocean by crossing the isthmus of Panama? (A) Cabot (B) Da Gama (C) Pizarro (D) Diaz (E) Balboa.

342. The first attempt by the English to make a permanent settlement was at (A) Roanoke Island (B) Quebec (C) Montreal (D) St. Augustine (E) Plymouth.

343. The first permanent English settlement was at (A) Jamestown (B) Plymouth (C) St. Augustine (D) New Mexico (E) Quebec.

344. The English established colonies in America for all the following reasons except (A) economic strife in England (B) to escape religious persecution (C) to search for riches (D) to please the Pope (E) to escape political persecution.

345. A royal province was a type of colony that (A) was generally opposed by the Crown (B) decreased in number as the eighteenth century progressed (C) became less independent than the other two types of colonies (D) was used, along with corporate colonies, to settle most of the English colonies.

346. The development of a distinctly "American" civilization was due in part to the challenge of a new environment. The other major factor was the (A) rise of a commercial middle class (B) absence of any barriers to the spread of coastal settlements (C) presence of Scotch-Irish Germans, and other non-English peoples (D) formation of the Church of England.

347. The chief reason for Europeans' desire to find an all-water route to the Far East was the (A) Portuguese monopoly of all trade (B) refusal of the Italian city-states to reship the products (C) blockage of the movement of goods through hostile Arab territory (D) high cost of articles that reached western Europe by the established trade routes.

348. The mercantile theory (A) had as its chief aim taxation for revenue (B) sought to provide refuge for religious and political minorities (C) called for an excess of exports over imports (D) limited the colonies' role to shipbuilding.

349. The most significant difference between the social class structure of the colonies and that of England was that in the colonies (A) movement between the classes was frequent and relatively easy (B) there was an acceptance of the idea of complete social equality (C) a real, did not exist; (D) there was no aristocracy recognizable lower class.

350. All of the following factors combined to raise England to the position of an imperial, colonizing power, except (A) The prevalence of the mercantlist theory (B) Puritan conflicts with the Church of England (C) Government financed explorations urged by strong kings (D) Conversion from grain farming to the raising of sheep.

351. Which of the following belongs in a discussion of Calvinism? (A) predestination (B) Catholicism (C) free will (D) “New Light” Presbyterianism.

352. By 1750, all of the following were characteristics of colonial governments except: (A) a two house legislature (B) a council chosen in the same manner as the governor (C) a governor elected by the representative assembly (D) property and religious qualifications for voting.

353. The Jamestown colony survived primarily because (A) it became a home for those seeking religious freedom. (B) tobacco proved to be a profitable crop. (C) it successfully resisted Spanish attack. (D) gold was discovered.

354. In 1763, the British took over most of the territory held by the French in North America because the (A) French were busy fighting the Spanish. (B) French had sold it to the British in exchange for gold. (C) British and Americans had defeated the French in war. (D) French had lost interest in the area after stripping it of fur-bearing animals.

355. In 1750, which of the following countries possessed the largest empire in the New World? (A) France (B) England (C) Spain (D) Portugal.

356. Colonial legislatures made effective use of their control of the purse strings to (A) influence the decisions of colonial governors. (B) prevent British enforcement of the navigation acts. (C) provide support for public education. (D) persuade Parliament that there should be no taxation without representation.

357. The North American Indians significantly influenced colonial warfare by (A) developing a new method of refining iron ore for use in making firearms. (B) showing how mounted fighting men can be used to encircle an enemy. (C) clearing vast areas of woodland to provide open battlefields. (D) demonstrating the value of using local terrain to military advantage.

358. Which of the following was most influential in bringing the largest number of Europeans to the English colonies? (A) The plantation system (B) The indentured servant system (C) The hope of discovering gold (D) Missionary zeal.

359. Americans opposed writs of assistance primarily on the grounds that they (A) weakened attempts to develop colonial manufacturing. (B) provided help for runaway slaves. (C) imposed a form of taxation without representation. (D) permitted searches of private property without specific warrants.

360. Which of the following supported the Virginia colonists' belief that they possessed the legal rights of Englishmen? (A) The powers exercised by the House of Burgesses without royal interference (B) The passage of the Intolerable Acts (C) The conversion of Virginia to a Royal Colony in 1624 (D) The absence of Spanish settlers in Virginia.

361. Compared with the Indians who lived in Mexico and South America, the Indians to the north were (A) more skilled in agriculture (B) more aggressive and warlike (C) similar in accomplishment and life style (D) less organized and more individualistic.

362. Portugal undertook voyages of exploration in the fifteenth century in order to (A) find an inexpensive eastern trade route (B) relieve population pressures through colonization (C) challenge Spain's dominance of the seas (D) do all of the above.

363. The rise of kings was important to New World exploration because (A) the resultant warfare between states encouraged emigration to the Western Hemisphere (B) the resultant centralization of power promoted commerce and the search for new trade routes (C) the power of the Catholic Church to block change was curtailed (D) religious warfare ceased and energies were then redirected to trade and colonization.

364. The early Spanish conquistadors were interested in America primarily because of the (A) agricultural potential of Indian lands (B) need to settle large numbers of Spanish emigrants (C) vast treasure of gold and silver there (D) desire to spread the Protestant faith.

365. With the coming of the Spanish, the Indian population of South America declined because of (A) the Spanish policy of mass extermination (B) forced migration to the north (C) the added drain on the food supply (D) the introduction of European diseases.

366. The initial attempts by the French to settle North America ended when the (A) Spanish drove the French out of North America (B) French failed to find gold and silver in Canada (C) French settlements were destroyed by Indians (D) French switched to the Pacific trade around South America.

367. In the seventeenth century the first permanent settlements in the New World by Europeans other than the Spanish were (A) fur-trading posts (B) tobacco plantations (C) fishing villages (D) gold-mining towns.

368. The policy of France and Spain toward Indians may be said to have been (A) similar in that both exploited the Indians as a work force (B) similar in that both sought to assimilate native peoples (C) dissimilar in that conversion, not trade, was the aim of the Spanish (D) dissimilar in that trade, not subjugation, was the aim of the French.

369. England's advantage in establishing lasting settlements in the New World, included all (A) a wealthy, aggressive merchant class (B) a strong navy experienced in the Atlantic (C) an early start in pioneering during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries (D) a steady emigrant population willing to settle permanently.

370. The most significant economic result of Henry VIIIs break with Rome was (A) the indirect change of the fortunes of many of the English, causing some of them to become rich (B) the opening of trade relations with Spain, which the Pope had previously blocked (C) the onset of English self-sufficiency because of England's ostracism from the commerce of other nations (D) the beginning of severe inflation caused by new high taxes to meet England's defense needs.

371. Sir Humphrey Gilbert planned to use a North American base for all of the following except (A) conversion of the Indians (B) fishing (C) privateering (D) exploring for the Northwest Passage.

372. At the close of the sixteenth century, how many English colonies existed in North America? (A) one, in Virginia (B) two, in Virginia and at Jamestown (C) two, both in Virginia (D) none.

373. The first enduring British settlement in North America was at (A) Plymouth (B) Roanoke (C) Jamestown (D) Grand Banks, Newfoundland.

374. The Virginia colony of Jamestown was beset by (A) lack of capable leadership (B) inadequate food and agricultural methods (C) disease (D) all of the above.

375. The economy of the Virginia colony rested on (A) selling royal lands to immigrants (B) growing and exporting tobacco (C) exporting rum (D) mining silver and gold.

376. To attract English settlers, joint stock companies like the Virginia Company promised settlers all of the following except (A) participation in colonial government (B) cheap land (C) freedom from burdensome taxation (D) religious freedom.

377. Prior to 1630 the life of most settlers in the Virginia colony was (A) about as good as that of most other English, Dutch, and French colonists (B) about as good as that in most of England (C) as bad as the life of Indians living under Spanish rule (D) better than that of most in England.

378. All British settlements of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were alike in (A) growing tobacco for export to England (B) guaranteeing religious freedom for all Christians (C) establishing representative government under written guidelines (D) enfranchising all male adults who owned land.

379. It would later become important in American history that northern and southern English colonies differed in (A) the background of settlers (B) religions (C) type of local government (D) economic structure.

380. Because the Calvinists in New England believed in predestination, they (A) strove to display their favor with God by working hard and conspicuously following the commandments (B) lived an unsettled life, hunting and foraging, trusting that God would

provide (C) were more tolerant of other creeds since salvation was believed to be Out of human hands (D) came to the New World in search of converts rather than gold.

381. The Pilgrims who settled at Plymouth in 1620 belonged to a group of Church of England reformers known as (A) Methodists (B) Unitarians (C) Separatists (D) Presbyterians.

382. The Mayflower Compact of 1620 was significant because it (A) was the first Cooperative agreement between two English colonies, Virginia and Massachusetts (B) established harmony between the Indians and Pilgrim settlers (C) established a representative government for the Plymouth Pilgrims (D) guaranteed cooperation between the Pilgrims and the Puritans.

383. The transformation of the charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company was important because it (A) extended the economic powers of the colony (B) established the basis for separate political power in the colony (C) granted religious freedom to all settlers in the colony (D) opened vast new tracts of land for settlement.

384. Which of the following was a characteristic of Puritan colonial governments? (A) significant political authority by church leaders (B) voting privileges only for Puritan congregational members (C) the obligation of each colonial government to enforce the Commandments (D) a local representative legislature and a governor.

385. Roger Williams created enemies in both the Massachusetts Bay Colony and in England by (A) arguing that the churches of England should be repudiated (B) (D)aiming that Indians had a right to payment for their lands (C) arguing that the government had no authority over religious matters (D) making an argument or (D) aim for all of the above.

386. Anne Hutchinson earned the disfavor of Massachusetts by (A) charging (D) clergymen with preaching false doctrine (B) demanding freedom of religion for Catholics (C) defending those accused of witchcraft (D) arguing against Calvin's doctrine of predestination in favor of free will.

387. Religious freedom was expressly granted in the colonies of (A) Massachusetts Bay and Rhode Island (B) Jamestown and Maryland (C) Connecticut and Virginia (D) Rhode Island and Maryland.

388. The government of the Connecticut and Massachusetts Bay colonies differed in that (A) women church members could vote in Connecticut (B) non church members could vote in Connecticut (C) non church members could hold office in Connecticut, though they could not vote (D) shareholders in the chartered settlement company governed Connecticut.

389. The Calverts helped to establish Maryland primarily to (A) provide a refuge for Catholics (B) Christianize the Indians (C) grow tropical products (D) establish a base from which to attack Spanish shipping.

390. The Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 was (A) a lasting peace treaty between British settlers and Indians (B) a law enacted to guarantee religious freedom to Christians who believed in the Trinity (C) a pact between British and French settlers (D) a mutual toleration pact signed by the Catholic and Protestant churches of Maryland.

391. "Mercantilism" refers to an economic policy emphasizing (A) direction of all economic activities by the state in order to maximize its economic welfare (B) the increase of national wealth by encouraging imports and reducing exports (C) discouragement of colonies because of their upkeep costs (D) noninterference of the state in the private economic sector in order to maximize free competition and growth.

392. English and American economic goals were compatible in the mercantilist era because (A) the colonies had an abundance of raw materials that England needed (B) the colonies were unable to manufacture their own goods due to a shortage of labor (C) the colonies needed cheap manufactured goods (D) all of the above factors were operative.

393. In the seventeenth century England's colonial policy lacked consistency because (A) the Rouse of Lords could not convince the Rouse of Commons to take an interest in colonial affairs (B) the power of Spain in the Western Hemisphere prevented England from enforcing its policies (C) internal power struggles between king and Parliament distracted attention from the colonies (D) the colonies were too strong for England to enforce its policies.

394. Which of the following is(A)(A) a provision of the Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663? (A) The vast majority of the crew of merchant ships must be English or English subjects. (B) All trade must be on ships owned by and constructed in either the colonies or England. (C) Nearly all imports into the colonies must come by way of England. (D) Ml colonial exports must go to England or her colonies.

395. One result of the Navigation Acts was to (A) divert private profit into the state's treasury (B) delay colonial unification because of the policy of divide and conquer they fostered (C) encourage disrespect for the law because the acts were ignored (D) aid private interests at the expense of the rest of English society.

396. The principal foreign threat to England's emerging mercantilist empire in the seventeenth century came from the (A) Dutch (B) French (C) Spanish (D) Portuguese.

397. In 1664 Charles II solved the problem of Dutch competition in the American colonies by (A) seizing Dutch territories and turning them over to the Duke of York (B) negotiating mutual trading rights with the Dutch government (C) buying New Amsterdam from the Dutch West India Company (D) destroying the Dutch merchant fleet, thereby taking control of the seas from the Dutch.

398. All of the following were proprietary colonies except (A) Maryland (B) New York (C) North Carolina (D) Rhode Island.

399. A "quit rent" refers to (A) one-fifth of a territorial grant (B) the annual fee paid by settlers to proprietors for the use of their land (C) the tax paid by Englishmen for the right to emigrate (D) the money the English paid the Dutch to cede them New Amsterdam.

400. The proprietary colonies of the Restoration era drew settlers mainly from (A) other parts of the New World (B) an overpopulated England (C) Spain and Portugal, where the Inquisition was in full swing (D) southern and eastern European countries.

401. Colonial New York and New Jersey were alike politically in that (A) a largely complacent non-English population tolerated the existence of one-man rule in both colonies (B) armed rebellion led to the establishment of democratic institutions there (C) a large influx of emigrants from the Netherlands produced a benevolently despotic Dutch form of government in both colonies (D) resistance to imposed rule won colonists there a representative assembly.

402. Quakers were held in contempt by other colonial settlers because they (A) had discredited William Penn, thereby diminishing his effectiveness in colonial affairs (B) were more radical in their demands for reform of the Church of England (C) would not side with the other colonists against England because of their objections to conflict (D) believed that they practiced the only true religion.

403. The purpose behind establishing the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina was to (A) realize John Locke's ideal of popular democracy (B) form a federated union of North and South Carolina (C) provide the foundations for permanent proprietary government in the Carolinas (D) strike a balance between aristocracy and democracy.

404. During the colonial period South Carolina's economy (A) rested solely on tobacco (B) was diversified, resting on trade in naval stores, rice, and animal skins (C) depended on the barter of goods derived from other colonies (D) was never really viable because of inhospitable climate

405. The terms of the charter granted William Penn required him to do all of the following except (A) grant the settlers of Pennsylvania complete religious freedom (B) allow appeals to the king from Pennsylvania courts (C) enforce the Navigation Acts (D) submit laws to the king for approval

406. By the Charter of Privilege, approved by William Penn in 1701, Pennsylvania became unique among the colonies because it (A) granted religious liberty to nonbelievers and believers alike (B) guaranteed a trial by jury to both Quakers and non-Quakers (C) established a representative unicameral legislature (D) established a governing aristocracy of elders

407. Which of the following factors did not impede England's enforcement of imperial policies in the colonies at the end of the seventeenth century? (A) half a century of virtual autonomy in local matters by colonists (B) England's earlier indifference to the colonies

and laxity in enforcing its rule (C) colonists' refusal to recognize the authority of the king and Parliament over them (D) diversity among colonies in original goals, economic bases, and religions.

408. England's mercantilism was resisted most strongly by (A) New Englanders, whose merchants were competing with the English for trade (B) Virginians, who wanted to sell tobacco elsewhere (C) Pennsylvanians, because the policy was contrary to their Quaker beliefs (D) the proprietary colonists, whose first allegiance was to their respective proprietors.

409. Because Charles II was opposed to New England Puritanism, he (A) garrisoned troops in Massachusetts and severely limited civil liberties (B) imposed outrageous taxes on all goods bound for Massachusetts (C) selectively enforced the Navigation Acts against Massachusetts alone (D) sought reasons to (A)invoke the charter by which the Puritans had become nearly self-governing.

410. The response of Massachusetts to Charles II's attempt to control the colony was to (A) rally the other colonies to the point of near revolt (B) stall and trust that time would remedy the situation (C) accede to the king's wishes since the colony was in danger of starvation (D) call upon the House of Commons to intervene in the dispute.

411. The body known as the English Lords of Trade was established to (A) mediate between king and colonists on disputed taxes (B) oversee the administration of colonial affairs in the name of Parliament (C) promote more trade among the colonies, thus lessening the financial burden on England (D) oversee the administration of colonial affairs in the name of the king.

412. The Dominion of New England was established in 1685-86 in order to (A) ensure the mutual protection and economic well-being of several royal colonies (B) consolidate English control over the (A)colonies and enforce its mercantilist policies (C) foment rebellion in the northern colonies (D) provide a united colonial front against the king's demands.

413. In enforcing James II's renewed efforts to bring the colonies under England's control, Edmund Andros made the basic mistake of (A) forcing arbitrary rules on people accustomed to self-government (B) underestimating the power of the Puritans (C) leaving the proprietary colonies out of the new union he proposed to govern (D) making concessions to the colonists that weakened his authority.

414. James H's colonial policies were thwarted ultimately by (A) Oliver Cromwell's seizure of power (B) the Glorious Revolution (C) the Reorganization Act curtailing Andros' power (D) Increase Mather, who persuaded the Commons to take over colonial affairs.

415. The leader of the 1689 rebellion in New York against the regime of Sir Edmund Andros was (A) Jacob Milborne (B) Jacob Leisler (C) Edward Randolph (D) Francis Nicholson.

416. In 1696, Parliament put teeth into the Navigation Acts by establishing all the following except (A) admiralty courts (B) military contingents in the colonies (C) a regularized customs service (D) a royal governor directly responsible for local enforcement.

417. By the beginning of the eighteenth century proprietary charters for American colonial territory (A) superseded all other types of charters given for colonial development (B) were abrogated by the lower house of legislatures in the colonies in which they applied (C) gave way almost completely to royal charters in the thirteen colonies (D) were revoked and certain colonies were given independence.

418. By the late seventeenth century the elected lower house of the assembly in the colonies had become in practice (A) secondary to the governor and royal council (B) obsolete, as the governors grew more democratic (C) more conservative in upholding colonial rights and liberties than the royal council (D) the most powerful government branch because of its sole power to levy taxes.

419. By 1700 England's success in administering the economic affairs of the American colonies depended on the direction given by (A) the Board of Trade (B) upper houses of the legislatures (C) admiralty courts (D) customs officials.

420. In general, the English settlers pursued an Indian policy of (A) economic cooperation for the benefit of both groups (B) conversion of Indians to the English way of life (C) exploitation and extermination of the native population (D) intermarriage and friendly social intercourse to keep the native population from allying with the French.

421. Prior to 1713, warfare between the British and French (A) did not extend into the New World (B) was largely a victory for the French in the New World, who, with the help of Indians, pushed back the British on the northern and western frontiers (C) was largely a victory for the British in the New World, who sent large numbers of royal troops to help the colonists defeat the French (D) was a stalemate in the New World, neither side able to overpower the other.

422. The Southern plantation system relied heavily on (A) free trade (B) sharecropping by small farmers (C) diversified agriculture (D) single, staple crops.

423. In the English colonies the plantation system developed first among the (A) rice farmers of South Carolina (B) sugar planters of Jamaica (C) cotton growers of Georgia (D) tobacco growers of Virginia.

424. During the first half of the seventeenth century the labor force on most plantations cons is led mainly of (A) African slaves (B) captured American Indians (C) English men

and women who sold themselves as indentured servants (D) Spanish, French, and Dutch immigrants.

425. The major cause of Bacon's Rebellion was (A) the ill treatment of black slaves in Georgia (B) British imposition of a tax on all exports leaving the colonies (C) the frustration of former indentured servants unable to advance economically (D) Virginia's imposition of a tax on the purchase of land.

426. Which one of the following did not encourage the rise of black slavery in the South? (A) growing bands of destitute freedmen roaming the country (B) rising life expectancy among slaves, which made the initial cost worthwhile (C) the allowance of slavery in English law and precedent (D) the relative safety of creating a slave class that could be denied. political rights.

427. Compared with plantations in the West Indies, Southern plantations were (A) dissimilar in that labor was less arduous and family life more respected (B) about the same in conditions of labor and family life (C) similar in the conditions of labor imposed, but less destructive of family life (D) similar in allowance made for family life, but less demanding in terms of labor required.

428. Compared with Anglican ministers in England, the temporal powers of Puritan officials in New England were (A) significantly smaller (B) similar (C) generally greater (D) greater in some ways and lesser in others.

429. Government operated in New England by means of meetings (B) county court sessions (C) county council sessions (D) town meetings.

430. After 1648 the franchise in New England was available to (A) Puritans, Pilgrims, and Quakers, but no other Christian sect (B) free adult churchgoers, regardless of religion or sex (C) free adult males (D) owners of at least fifty acres of land.

431. The type of farming practiced in the Middle colonies required (A) a family to work a large plot of land for a few years before abandoning it (B) use of slave or semi slave labor to make cultivation profitable (C) a whole community of people to work land owned collectively (D) use of farm implements that could only be imported at great expense from England.

432. Because of the vastness of back country areas, organized religion came to depend less on a parish structure and more on (A) itinerant missionaries (circuit riders) (B) the family as the basic religious unit (C) individual interpretation of the Bible (D) county judges who also performed religious services.

433. Colonial city-dwellers were afflicted with many of the ills of modern urbanites, including (A) crime (B) poverty and unemployment (C) bad government (D) all of the above.

434. Which of the following factors best accounts for the growth of the five largest cities in the colonies by the late 1700s? (A) their concerted efforts to recruit emigrants from abroad and from other territories (B) their strategic location as coastal cities engaging in extensive trade (C) their superior form of local government (D) their special efforts to protect individualism and civil liberties.

435. Colonial governments had all of the following advantages over their English counterparts except (A) better apportionment of representatives (B) fewer voting restrictions (C) less corruption (D) more day-to day contact between voters and their representatives.

436. The only connection between church and state in most colonies was (A) the right of church officers to confirm officeholders (B) the right of clergy to curtail moral offenders' political rights (C) government tax support for churches (D) an honorary seat in the assembly for church heads.

437. The Great Awakening of 1740 refers to a religious revival that stressed (A) predestination (B) divine providence (C) the experience of conversion (D) all of the above.

438. The effects of the Great Awakening included all except (A) a split in Calvinism between Old Lights and New Lights (B) the undermining of the position of the clergy (C) the growth of religious diversity (D)increased respect for the education and learning of the ministry.

439. At least at the beginning the Great Awakening was out of step with Enlightenment philosophy in that it (A) encouraged trust in tradition, not experience (B) gave primacy to the emotions, not reason (C) stressed experience, not deductive reasoning (D) sought to promote religious belief, not atheism.

440. Literacy was high in the colonies because free public education was looked upon as the cornerstone of democracy (B) most colonists lived in cities where reading was essential to existence (C) education was highly valued in England, the homeland of most colonists (D) most colonists were Protestants who believed Bible reading was required for salvation.

441. `Which of the following statements best characterizes higher education in the colonies? (A) Its sole purpose was to train a learned ministry. (B) The sons of the wealthy upper class were the only beneficiaries of the system. (C) A wide network of colleges produced liberally educated members of all professions. (D) Democratic beliefs fostered an anti-intellectualism and distrust of higher learning.

442. Which of the following statements best characterizes the New England hysteria over "witchcraft"? (A) It exemplified the unsophisticated outlook of the colonists. (B) It led to the hangings of several hundred accused witches in New England. (C) It was actually far less extreme than in Europe, where thousands of "witches" were executed in

the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. (D) It lasted well into the eighteenth century, until the Revolutionary War forced colonists to abandon their pursuit.

443. The English philosopher John Locke had lasting influence on the colonies through his (A) theory that everyone possessed the natural rights of life, liberty, and property (B) argument that people were born with innate moral values (C) justification of absolute monarchy (D) belief that the basic natural law of society is conflict.

444. The man who best exemplified the Enlightenment in America was probably (A) Jonathan Edwards (B) Benjamin Franklin (C) James Oglethorpe (D) George Whitefield.

445. The majority of colonial laborers who worked for others were (A) women (B) black slaves (C) former Dutch, Swedish, and Spanish subjects (D) white males who were recent emigrants from England.

446. The New England settlements were regarded by British shippers as the least desirable of Great Britain's colonies because they (A) harbored religious rebels and fanatics. (B) competed economically with the mother country. (C) were difficult to defend. (D) failed to attract many settlers.

447. Which of the following ideas is not found in the Declaration of Independence (A) Governments derive their powers from God. (B) Governments are created to protect men's inalienable rights. (C) If a people dissolves its political ties with another country, it ought to explain its reasons to the world. (D) People have a right to revolt against a government which destroys the ends for which it was created.

448. All of the following were characteristic of seventeenth-century life in America except (A) Southern plantations (B) church boroughs (C) coastal cities (A) individual farms.

Duke AP United States History

01. The Navigation Acts (A) established the laws of the sea (B) were passed by the Massachusetts General Assembly (C) enforced the theory of mercantilism (D) provided for the purchase of ships from foreign countries.

02. At the end of the French and Indian War, Britain faced all the following problems except (A) support by the Iroquois (B) a large debt (C) logistics of supply (D) Indian problems west of the Appalachians.

03. The most well-known triangle trade involved (A) rum, slaves, molasses (B) rum, slaves, naval stores (C) naval stores, molasses, rum (D) slaves, tobacco, rum.

04. The French and Indian War began in the (A) St. Lawrence River Valley (B) Hudson River Valley (C) Ohio River Valley (D) Aroostook area of Maine.

05. The Treaty of Paris of 1763 resulted in the (A) drafting of the Articles of Confederation. (B) French army's being removed from the West Indies (C) British making an alliance with France (D) French being driven out of North America.

06. Mercantilism may have benefited the colonies during the 17th century because it (A) provided a ready market (B) allowed the colonies to sell their goods at higher than market prices (C) increased imports from other countries (D) increased exports to countries outside the British Mercantile System.

07. The plentiful forests on the American continent offered England (A) naval stores and materials for shipbuilding (B) sources of fuel (C) pulpwood for paper products (D) protection from the natives.

08. The Navigation Acts did all of the following except (A) offer the Dutch equality in trading tonnage with the colonies (B) introduce the entrepot principle (C) transport English goods on English ships (D) order the captain and a percentage of the crew to be English.

09. The Navigation Acts were generated by the actions of the (A) Spanish (B) Portuguese (C) Dutch (D) French.

10. The colonies' most important exports to the mother country were (A) cotton and textiles (B) gold and silver (C) citrus and peaches (D) furs and forest products.

11. Mercantilism is best defined as a system which (A) calls for direct trade between colonies and foreign countries (B) calls for the leasing of foreign vessel for trade (C) seeks to establish financial self-sufficiency within the Empire (D) encourages foreign imports.

12. Through she started the process of colonization a century after Spain, England was quickly able to dominate North America because she enjoyed certain advantages, including all the following except: (A) an ocean-going navy (B) men and women ready to resettle (C) a larger, better trained army (D) an adventuresome spirit.

13. "Ye dark designing knaves, ye murderers, parricides? how dare you tread upon the earth, which had drunk in the blood of slaughtered innocents, shed by your wicked hinds?" These words by John Hancock were made in reference to the (A) Boston Tea Party (B) Boston Massacre (C) Gaspee Affair (D) Stamp Act Congress.

14. "I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British Ministry for the last ten years to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the House?" These words were spoken by (A) John Dickinson in 1767 (B) George Washington in 1766 (C) Patrick Henry in 1775 (D) Samuel Adams in 1762.

15. "These are the times that try men's souls" is found in (A) Thomas Paine's The Crisis (B) Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence (C) Thomas Paine's Common Sense (D) Patrick Henry's speech before the House of Burgesses.

16. The Sons of Liberty were patriots who (A) opposed violent means (B) believed in the concept of passive resistance (C) secretly supported the British cause (D) willingly used violence to gain their ends.

17. The Boston Tea Party led immediately to which of the following sequence of events: (A) the meeting of the Boston Tea Congress and the passage of the Coercive Acts (B) passage of the intolerable Acts and the calling of the First Continental Congress (C) the meeting of the Second Continental Congress and the writing of the Declaration of Independence (D) the passage of the East Indies Tea Act and the Intolerable Acts.

18. According to some commentaries, the Boston Massacre (A) resulted in greater fear of the British troops by the colonists (B) was an entirely spontaneous event (C) was a staged event designed to keep the patriot cause alive (D) was all of the above.

19. The only taxes imposed by the British after the French and Indian War which were not repealed were those on (A) paper products (B) sugar, molasses, and tea (C) stamps (D) naval stores.

20. The Declaratory Act was a statement defining (A) Parliament's right to legislate colonial affairs (B) the rights of the colonials (C) the King's relationship to the colonies (D) the colonies' relationship to the Indians.

21. The Townshend Acts prompted a response known as "Letters from a Farmer" in (A) Pennsylvania (B) Virginia (C) South Carolina (D) North Carolina.

22. The Stamp Act of 1765 called for taxation on (A) income (B) newspapers (C) all imports (D) all exports.

23. The significance of the Stamp Act Congress was that (A) all thirteen colonies sent representatives (B) the colonists spoke with one voice (C) the southern colonies successfully outvoted the New England colonies for the first time (D) the southern colonies hosted an all-colonial meeting for the first time.

24. Virtual representation meant that (A) every member of Parliament represented every citizen of the Empire (B) every member of Parliament was elected by a designated area and represented the interests of that area only (C) the colonial empire had no representation in Parliament (D) every member of Parliament represented a designated continent upon which Britain had colonies.

25. Canada did not join the Thirteen American Colonies in revolt because of the (A) predominance of the French as a language (B) recently passed Quebec Act (C) result of the search for a Northern Passage (D) impact of the Stamp Act on Canadian commerce.

26. Prior to 1763, England had not attempted to (A) raise direct revenue in the colonies (B) regulate manufacturing in the colonies (C) quarter troops in urban homes in the colonies (D) regulate trade between the colonies of the British Empire.

27. Rhode Islanders were furious with Britain after the Gaspee Affair because she (A) dosed the port of Providence (B) replaced their governor (C) sought a monopoly on trade in tea and molasses (D) demanded that the culprits of the Gaspee Affair be tried in British courts

28. The Proclamation Act of 1763 was a (A) temporary measure to give the English government time to make treaties with the Indians (B) treaty to define clearly the colonial border with Canada (C) temporary measure to restrict trade on the Hudson River (D) temporary measure to prohibit colonial assemblies from meeting.

29. Americans were furious over the Proclamation Act of 1763 because they saw it as (A) a means to give protection to the Indians (B) structuring the future legislatures of the colonies (C) a restriction of court sanctions in the colonies (D) a restriction of their expansion.

30. Unleashing the Sons of Liberty showed many colonial aristocrats (A) the weak support for colonial action (B) the strength of the aristocrats as a colonial force (C) the danger of a mob (D) the strong support for British actions.

31. John Adams' defense of the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre set a precedent in America for the right to (A) trial by jury of one's peers (B) legal counsel (C) freedom of speech (D) a speedy trial.

32. The colonists learned that their strongest weapon against unpopular British tax measures was (A) the boycott of British goods (B) nonviolent public demonstration (C) violent public demonstration (D) disapproval of the measures by the colonial assemblies.

33. Mercantilism requires (A) strong land forces (B) colonies with raw materials (C) a laissez-faire economy (D) importation of raw materials from foreign nations.

34. Many religious groups fled to the colonies because of persecution Which of the following is the exception? (A) Anglicans (B) Quakers (C) Catholics (D) Puritans.

35. The Pilgrims drafted the Mayflower Compact because they believed that (A) they were north of the jurisdiction of the company (B) this was the best way to achieve commercial success (C) the king wanted to separate the authority of the crown from the colonies (D) Pilgrim laws should extend throughout the colonies.

36. The problem of East-West relations within each colony is demonstrated by all of the following except (A) the Regulators in North Carolina (B) the Paxton Boys in

Pennsylvania (C) Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia (D) the drawing of the Mason-Dixon line.

37. The Puritan dissidents from Massachusetts settled three other colonies. Which is the exception? (A) New Hampshire (B) Connecticut (C) Newark. (D) Rhode Island.

38. Pennsylvania was called the (A) Zion on the Hill (B) Holy Experiment (C) Beacon on the Hill (D) Noble Experiment.

39. The East-West division in each colony centered around (A) slavery (B) public support of education (C) regulation of firearms (D) protection against Indians and representation in the colonial assembly.

40. The Quakers believed in (A) the inner light (B) the peaceful settlement of issues (C) the equality of each person (D) all of the above.

41. In the New England colonies, the prevailing type of agriculture was (A) large plantations supporting non food crops (B) grain cultivation (C) subsistence (D) small plantations for food crop sale.

42. The Great Awakening in the 18th century was a _______ (A) movement for supporting public education (B) intellectual renaissance (C) industrial revolution (D) religious revival movement.

43. The basic genre of colonial literature was (A) sermons and religious tracts (B) literary criticism (C) novel and short stories (D) love poems and practical essays.

44. The church founded by the Puritans became the (A) Methodist (B) Lutheran (C) Anglican (D) Congregational.

45. The Half-Way Covenant (A) established a relationship with the Indians (B) provided for free trade with other countries (C) opened up membership in the Puritan Church (D) provided an outlet for sinners who professed their sins.

46. The Scotch-Irish settled (A) import cities (B) in the back country of the colonies (C) on New England farms (D) on Southern plantations.

47. The two languages emphasized in colonial academic education were (A) Latin and French (B) Latin and Greek (C) French and Greek (D) Latin and Spanish.

48. Three of the following four were colleges established during the colonial period Which is the exception? (A) Yale (B) Oberlin (C) William and Mary (D) King's College

49. Parliament limited the manufacturing of all the following except (A) hats (B) wool (C) iron (D) indigo.

50. The Puritans believed in (A) predestination (B) an all-knowing God (C) the total depravity of man (D) all of the above.

51. Roger Williams was most noted for his belief in (A) a theocracy (B) a Biblical commonwealth (C) Christians as the only landowners (D) the separation of church and state.

52. Education in the Puritan colonies was designed for (A) training lawyers (B) preparing businessmen (C) Biblical literacy (D) political acumen.

53. The Middle Colonies were (A) homogeneous religiously and ethnically (B) heavily Catholic (C) heavily Puritan (D) heterogeneous religiously and ethnically.

54. The two people who kept Jamestown alive were (A) John Smith and Roger Williams (B) William Bradford and John Winthrop (C) John Smith and John Rolfe (D) Miles Standish and John Rolfe.

55. The first constitution in the colonies was the (A) Mayflower Compact (B) Virginia Resolves (C) Toleration Act of 1649 (D) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.

56. In order to populate their North American settlements, the Dutch adopted the (A) headright system (B) plantation system (C) patroon system (D) equivalent system.

57. Dutch settlement of the eastern seaboard colonies was slower that English settlement because the Dutch (A) owned few vessel to transport their people (B) home political and religious dissensions were few (C) feared the sea (D) government restricted New World settlement.

58. Puritan church services were characterized by their (A) choirs and much hymn singing (B) lengthy sermons and services (C) evangelical nature (D) active lay participation.

59. All the following colonies except one were established by religious groups persecuted in England. Which is the exception? (A) Virginia (B) Maryland (C) Massachusetts (D) Pennsylvania.

60. Colonial capitals were located in the (A) western part of the colony (B) middle part of the colony (C) eastern part of the colony (D) northern section of the colony.

61. The major consequence(s) of the first Great Awakening were (A) the establishment of log colleges (B) the elevation of man's position (C) the denominational fragmentation (D) all of the above.

62. Medicine in the colonial period was characterized by (A) a high state of scientific development (B) the heavy influence of lore and old wives' remedies (C) the practice of preventive medicine (D) the first licensing of practicing physicians.

63. European scientists were interested in the colonies because (A) science and medicine were in a fairly advanced state (B) the Indians were willing to participate in scientific experiments (C) there were opportunities to observe new flora and fauna (D) there were substantially fewer infant deaths.

64. Suspicion and mistrust of the clergy were shown by the (A) initial popularity of the Salem witchcraft trial (B) success of the Great Awakening (C) response to Patrick Henry's speech at the trial of James Maury (D) rapid spread of the Anglican Church throughout the colonies.

65. In New England, the major sources of income were from (A) subsistence farming and textiles (B) fishing, shipbuilding, and commerce (C) fishing and cash crop farming (D) shipbuilding and banking.

66. Few women gained prominence in Colonial America except (A) Anne Hutchinson and Eleanor Dare (B) Anne Bradstreet and Elizabeth Dunkle (C) Anne Hutchinson and Anne Bradstreet (D) Elizabeth Dunkle and Eleanor Dare.

67. The position of women in the New World was better than that of their European sisters because (A) American women were superior (B) there was a large supply of women in America (C) labor was scarce (D) American men saw women as their equal.

68. When the first Africans arrived in Jamestown in 1619, they were (A) immediately designated as slaves (B) given the opportunity to earn their freedom (C) given rights of citizenship (D) not designated as slaves.

69. By the time of the Revolution, slaves composed the following fraction of the total southern population: (A) 1/5 (B) 2/5 (C) 3/5 (D) 4/5.

70. For the colonists, the French and Indian War meant that they (A) had lost a powerful ally (B) had been freed from the French menace (C) had been offered free trade with France (D) were freed from problems with the Indians.

71. An early attempt in the 17th century at uniting the colonies under one government was the (A) Articles of Confederation (B) Dominion of New England (C) Albany Plan of Union (D) Annapolis Resolve.

72. England's enactment of the Proclamation Act was due in part to problems with (A) King Philip (B) Nathaniel Bacon (C) Pontiac (D) Tecumseh.

73. Americans interpreted the enactment of the Proclamation Act as a way of (A) opening up the new western lands (B) keeping the colonists from getting more land (C) proclaiming the end of the French menace (D) encouraging settlement of the Ohio Valley.

74. Because of the economy and way of life, southerners in the 17th century generally received their education at (A) large state universities (B) small southern church colleges (C) English universities (D) Harvard and Yale.

75. John Peter Zenger's trial established the principle that (A) freedom of the press is unlimited (B) public officials are exempt from criticism (C) truth is a defense in a libel suit (D) first amendment rights are to be protected.

76. In 1775, the population of Philadelphia, the largest city in the colonies, was approximately (A) 200,000 (B) 10,000 (C) 40,000 (D) 1,000,000.

77. By the time of the Revolution, the three most populous colonial cities were, respectively, (A) Boston, Philadelphia, and Charleston (B) New York, Boston, and Baltimore (C) Philadelphia, New York, and Boston (D) New York, Charleston, and Boston.

78. A problem faced by the Puritan governors as well as later colonial officials was that (A) Parliament passed too many laws for the colonial leaders to execute (B) colonists wanted freedom from the arbitrary whims of one person or a small group (C) they failed to collect a salary (D) colonists demanded that colonial officials exercise their authority.

79. One of the results of Pennsylvania's policy of religious toleration was that (A) people lost interest in religion (B) Catholics became the most numerous group (C) the Puritans flourished (D) people came there from many different ethnic and religious backgrounds.

80. In contrast to Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, the colonies were characterized by (A) an abundant labor supply (B) a scarcity of labor (C) an adequate labor supply (D) a high rate of unemployment.

81. The Great Migration occurred because the Puritans were (A) badly persecuted in England (B) badly persecuted by the Dutch (C) greatly favored in England (D) paid to come to the New World.

82. The Great Migration slowed down to a trickle when (A) religious fervor decreased (B) England granted the Nonconformists equal status (C) the Puritans fought a Civil War (D) John Wesley led a religious revival.

83. In the 18th century, people sought a governor's position because of the (A) salary offered (B) opportunity to make money from fees and other sources (C) tremendous prestige of the position in England (D) respect accorded them by the colonists.

84. The impetus for the founding of the first English settlement was (A) religious (B) economic (C) political (D) cultural.

85. Colonial agents represented (A) the king's interest in the colony (B) Parliament's interest in the colony (C) a colony's interest in England (D) the Privy Council's interest in the colony.

86. Wonders of the Invisible World reinforced (A) theological inquiry (B) belief in witches (C) scientific study (D) religious revivalism.

87. The majority of the colonies in terms of religious faith were (A) Protestant (B) Roman Catholic (C) Jewish (D) Puritan.

88. Slavery as instituted in the colonies represented (A) a radical break from tradition (B) a continuation of the traditional institution by Spain and Portugal in the New World (C) defiance of the policy established (D) a triumph of southern demands over northern opposition.

89. The three governmental types of colonies were (A) royal, proprietary, and charter (B) religious, proprietary, and charter (C) commercial, religious, and royal (D) religious, commercial and charter.

90. The most important document in Colonial America was the (A) Magna Carta (B) Governor's Instructions (C) Bill of Rights(D) Colonial Charter.

91. Quit rent is a (A) tax, not a rent (B) rent, not a tax (C) head tax (D) corollary to the Navigation Acts.

92. The headright system was a method of (A) determining eligible voters (B) distributing land and insuring its cultivation (C) taking a census (D) distributing property in divorce cases.

93. The thinker and preacher, respectively, of the Great Awakening were (A) Jonathan Edwards and Roger Williams (B) William Penn and George Whitefield (C) Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield (D) William Penn and Roger Williams.

94. Eventually people questioned the Salem witchcraft trials because (A) there were too many witches in such a small area (B) it became obvious that the clergy were using the trials for their benefit (C) the wealthy and important people were found not guilty (D) of all of the above.

95. As a result of Cotton Mather's influence, (A) inoculation against smallpox declined (B) belief in the faith healing of smallpox increased (C) pills were developed to combat smallpox (D) inoculation for smallpox was accepted.

96. England encouraged migration of (A) skilled craftsmen and military personnel (B) debtors and large landholders (C) government officials and intellectuals (D) religious dissenters and the unemployed.

97. The major factor in the rise of the colonial assemblies was (A) the benevolent attitude of Parliament towards them (B) their ability to gain control over finances (C) the governor's shared responsibility with them (D) the prestige and status of colonial leaders in England.

98. The last of the charter colonies, Georgia, was noted for its founders' desire to (A) prohibit slavery (B) prohibit the consumption of alcoholic beverages (C) encourage silk production (D) do all of the above.

99. The English succeeded as colonists in North America because they (A) had men and women willing to settle permanently (B) had a stronger land force (C) were actively engaged in missionary work with the Indians (D) realized large profits from the colonies.

100. "..... reserving always to us our heirs, and successors, for all services, duties, and demaundes, the fift part of all the oare of golde and silver, that from rime to time, and at all times. shal be there gotten and obtained:...These words can be found in (A) the Mayflower Compact. (B) the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. (C) the Charter granted to Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584. (D) The Pennsylvania Frame of Government.

101. "...the petitioners have likewise exported, or sold for exportation, great quantities of the various species of goods imported into this kingdom from the East-Indies, part of which receive additional manufacture in Great Britain" These words are spoken by the merchants of (A) Boston in 1774. (B) West Indies in 1773 (C) Canada in 1772 (D) London in 1775.

102. "..... it is further ordered, yet where any towne shall increase to ye number of 100 families or householders, they shall set up a grammar school were words found in the (A) Massachusetts School Law of 1647 (B) Virginia School Law of 1638 (C) Massachusetts School Law of 1642 (D) Maryland School Law of 1625.

103. "Some of the London recruits were an `undesirable lot' and, Bradford tells us, boasted that they were not under the jurisdiction of the Virginia Company" Therefore, the (A) Mayflower Compact was written (B) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut were written (C) Jamestown Orders-in-Council were written (D) New Amsterdam Charter was promulgated.

104. "Haste and escape for your lives, look not behind you, escape to the mountain, lest ye be consumed" was an admonition delivered by (A) Jonathan Edwards (B) Thomas Jefferson (C) John Adams (D) William Bradford.

105. The most noted autobiography of the colonial period was written by (A) Thomas Jefferson (B) Benjamin Franklin (C) John Adams (D) Patrick Henry.

106. All the following were colonial New England authors except (A) William Bradford (B) John Singleton Copley (C) John Winthrop (D) Anne Bradstreet.

107. Colonists sang all of the following except (A) psalms (B) ballads (C) operetta (D) tavern songs.

108. The first hymn book published in the colonies was the (A) Collection of Best Psalm Tunes (B) The Accomplished Singer (C) Bay Psalm Book (D) New England Psalm Singer.

109. A group in Colonial America known for its musical ability was the (A) Amish (B) Moravians (C) Dunkards (D) Quakers.

110. All of the following were popular dance forms in the colonial period except (A) minuets (B) jigs (C) country dances (D) ballets.

111. Puritans believed in covenants between all the following except (A) man and God (B) the church and the congregation (C) believers and nonbelievers (D) the church and the state.

112. Roman Catholics (A) received equal rights with Protestants in all colonies (B) did not receive equal rights with Protestants in most colonial areas (C) were equal with Protestants in the northern colonies (D) were equal with Protestants in the southern colonies.

13. Though Jews were not numerous in Colonial America, they were active in (A) government affairs (B) fishing (C) trade and business (D) farming.

114. All the following groups originated in central Europe except the (A) Moravians (B) Merinonites (C) Quakers (D) Dunkards.

115. City homes of the wealthy in the 18th century were in the style known as (A) Georgian (B) Victorian (C) Swedish (D) rococo.

116. The person in the colonial era who made the first astronomical observations was (A) William Oxendine (B) John Winthrop (C) William Bronsler (D) Benjamin Franklin.

117. Cotton Mather (A) wrote an account of plant hybridization (B) explained Newtonian physics (C) collected specimens of bones and dried plants (D) did all of the above.

118. The first botanical garden in the colonies was established by (A) Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia (B) Cotton Mather in Boston (C) John Barirarn in Philadelphia (D) Thomas Jefferson in Charlottesville.

119. In the 18th century, each the following contributed to astronomy except (A) David Rittenhouse (B) John Winthrop IV (C) Thomas Jefferson (D) Ezra Stiles.

120. George Wythe tutored law here and Phi Beta Kappa was founded at (A) Brown (B) Yale (C) Harvard (D) William and Mary.

121. The first formal medical training in the colonies occurred at (A) Harvard (B) College of Philadelphia (C) Yale (D) William and Mary.

122. The colonial economy was characterized by (A) a lack of credit (B) a lack of hard specie (C) losses from piracy and profiteering (D) all of the above.

123. The basic organization of colonial industry was (A) standardization (B) the assembly line (C) mass production (D) the putting out system.

124. Since the governors' salaries were set by the colonial legislatures, they were usually (A) generous (B) paid by British exchequer (C) not paid at all (D) low and difficult to collect.

5. (C) Columbus favored a westward route across the ocean to the Spice Islands because: (A) The Turks had closed the route to India via southern Africa (B) The Pope had granted the Portuguese a monopoly of the direct trade with the Far East (C) He believed this would prove to be the shortest water route (D) Marco Polo had underestimated the distance he traveled in going from Venice to China.

5. The existence of a single original continent has been proved by the presence of (A) similar mountain ranges on the various continents. (B) the discovery of nearly identical species of fish in long-separated freshwater lakes of various continents. (C) the discovery of marsupials on the various continents. (D) all of the above.

6. Some of the more advanced Native American cultures did all of the following except (A) engage in significant ocean voyages of discovery. (B) establish large, bustling cities. (C) make strikingly accurate astronomical observations. (D) study mathematics.

7. The Iroquois Confederacy was able to menace its Native American and European neighbors because of (A) its military alliance, sustained by political and organizational skills. (B) the Iroquois warriors skill with the Europeans muskets. (C) the scattered nature of the Iroquois settlements, which made it difficult for their enemies to defeat them. (D) the alliance with the Aztecs and Incas.

8. Before the middle of the fifteenth century, sub-Saharan Africa had remained remote and mysterious to Europeans because (A) there was little of value there for them. (B) sea travel down the African coast had been virtually impossible. (C) Islamic societies prevented Europe from making inroads there. (D) they did not know that it existed.

9. In the new interdependent global economic system that emerged after Columbus' discovery, Europe provided all of the following except (A) markets (B) technology (C) raw materials (D) capital.

10. The flood of precious metal from the New World to Europe resulted in (A) a price revolution that lowered consumer costs. (B) the growth of capitalism. (C) a reduced amount of trade with Asia. (D) more money for France and Spain but less for Italy and Holland.

11. The early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized by (A) starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids (B) economic prosperity (C) constant fear of Spanish invasion (D) major technological advancement.

12. Captain John Smith's role at Jamestown can best be described as (A) very limited (B) saving the colony from collapse (C) persuading the colonists to continue their hunt for gold (D) worsening the colonists' relationship with the Indians.

13. The result of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644 can best be described as (A) halting white settlement on the frontier (B) returning the Chesapeake Indians to their ancestral lands (C) making peaceful coexistence possible between the European and native peoples (D) ending any chance of assimilating the native peoples into Virginia society.

14. The cultivation of tobacco in Jamestown resulted in all of the following except (A) the destruction of the soil (B) a great demand for controlled labor (C) soaring prosperity in the colony (D) diversification of the colony's economy.

15. A major reason for the founding of the Maryland colony was to (A) establish a defensive buffer against Spanish colonies in the South (B) create a refuge for the Catholics (C) help the Protestants (D) allow Lord Baltimore to keep all the land for himself.

1. The United States has left a deep imprint on the rest of the world as a result of all of the following except its (A) liberal ideals. (B) revolutionary democratic experiment. (C) boundless opportunities for ordinary people. (D) constant economic dominance.

3. Which of the following was not a feature created in North America ten thousand years ago when the glaciers retreated? (A) the Great Lakes (B) the Great Salt Lake (C) a mineral-rich desert (D) the Grand Canyon

4. The Great Ice Age accounted for the origins of North America's human history because (A) it exposed a land bridge connecting Eurasia with North America. (B) the glacial withdrawal allowed migration from South America. (C) the glacial withdrawal formed freshwater lakes that supported life. (D) when it ended, European migration to the west became possible.

5. The true discoverers of America were the (A) Vikings from Scandinavia. (B) Spanish explorers of the fifteenth century. (C) ancestors of the Native Americans. (D) Portuguese sailors of Prince Henry the Navigator.

6. In 1492, when Europeans arrived in the Americas, the total of the two continents' populations was perhaps (A) 20 million. (B) 100 million. (C) 50 million. (D) 4 million.

8. The size and sophistication of Native American civilizations in Mexico and South America can be attributed to (A) Spanish influences. (B) their way of life based on hunting and gathering. (C) the development of agriculture. (D) influences brought by early settlers from Siberia.

9. The crop that became the staple of life in Mexico and South America was (A) wheat. (B) potatoes. (C) tobacco. (D) corn.

10. Native American (Indian) civilization was least highly developed in (A) North America. (B) Mexico. (C) Central America. (D) Peru.

11. One of the main factors that enabled Europeans to conquer native North Americans with relative ease was (A) the pacifistic nature of the native North Americans. (B) the settled agricultural societies of North America. (C) the absence of dense concentrations of population or complex nation-states in North America. (D) all of the above.

12. Before the arrival of Columbus, most native peoples in North America (A) lived in large communities. (B) were more advanced than those in South America. (C) lived in small, scattered, and impermanent settlements. (D) populated the greater part of the continent.

13. The Iroquois Confederacy was able to menace its Native American and European neighbors because of (A) its military alliance, sustained by political and organizational skills. (B) the Iroquois warriors' skill with the Europeans' muskets. (C) the scattered nature of the Iroquois settlements, which made it difficult for their enemies to defeat them. (D) the alliance with the Aztecs and Incas.

14. Men in the more settled agricultural groups performed all of the following tasks except (A) hunting. (B) gathering fuel. (C) tending crops. (D) clearing fields for planting.

15. The early voyages of the Scandinavian seafarers did not result in permanent settlement in North America because (A) the Native Americans drove them out. (B) the area in which they landed could not support a large population. (C) no nation-state yearning to expand supported these ventures. (D) British adventurers defeated the Scandinavians in 1~66.

16. The Christian crusaders were indirectly responsible for the discovery of America because they (A) were victorious over the Muslims. (B) brought back news of valuable Far Eastern spices, drugs, and silk. (C) succeeded in establishing improved business relations between Muslims and Christians. (D) returned with captured Muslim maps showing the North and South American continents.

17. Europeans wanted to discover a new, shorter route to eastern Asia in order to (A) break the hold that Muslim merchants had on trade with Asia. (B) reduce the price of goods from Asia. (C) gain more profits for themselves. (D) all of the above.

18. Before the middle of the fifteenth century, sub-Saharan Africa had remained remote and mysterious to Europeans because (A) there was little of value there for them. (B) sea travel down the African coast had been virtually impossible. (C) Islamic societies prevented Europe from making inroads there. (D) they did not know that it existed.

19. The origins of the modern plantation system can be found in (A) the American South. (B) the Arab slave trade. (C) the Portuguese slave trade. (D) the European feudal system.

20. Spain was united into a single nation-state when (A) it was invaded by Portugal in the late fifteenth century. (B) Christopher Columbus returned with news of his discovery of the New World. (C) Prince Henry the Navigator came to the throne. (D) the African Moors were expelled from the Iberian Peninsula.

21. In an effort to reach the Indies, Spain looked westward because (A) Portugal controlled the African coast. (B) the Pope granted Spain the right to sail this route. (C) Muslims blocked the eastern route. (D) all of the above.

22. After his first voyage, Christopher Columbus believed that he had (A) discovered a New World. (B) failed at what he had set out to do. (C) sailed to the outskirts of the East Indies. (D) sailed around the world.

23. Columbus called the native people in the `New World" Indians because (A) that was what they called themselves. (B) he believed that he had skirted the rim of the "Indies." (C) it was a form of the Spanish word for heathen. (D) the Vikings had first called them by that name.

24. In the new interdependent global economic system that emerged after Columbus's discovery, Europe provided all of the following except (A) markets. (B) technology. (C) raw materials. (D) capital.

25. The introduction of American plants around the world resulted in (A) rapid population growth in Europe. (B) many illnesses, caused by the new germs contained in these foodstuffs. (C) an African population decline. (D) very little change.

26. European contact with Native Americans led to (A) the Europeans' acceptance of the horse into their culture. (B) the deaths of millions of Native Americans, who had little resistance to European diseases. (C) the introduction into the New World of such plants as potatoes, tomatoes, and beans. (D) an increase in the Native American population.

27. Within a century after Columbus's landfall in the New World, the Native American population was reduced by nearly (A) 50%. (B) 20%. (C) 70%. (D) 90%.

28. European explorers introduced __________ into the New World. (A) syphilis (B) maize (C) tobacco (D) smallpox

29. The flood of precious metal from the New World to Europe resulted in (A) a price revolution that lowered consumer costs. (B) the growth of capitalism. (C) a reduced amount of trade with Asia. (D) more money for France and Spain but less for Italy and Holland.

30. The institution of encomienda allowed the (A) native people to enslave members of other tribes. (B) Europeans to marry Native Americans. (C) European governments to give Indians to colonists if they promised to Christianize them. (D) governments of Europe to abolish the practice of Indian slavery and to establish African slavery.

31. Men became conquistadores because they wanted to (A) gain God's favor by spreading Christianity. (B) escape dubious pasts. (C) seek adventure, as the heroes of classical antiquity had done. (D) all of the above.

32. The Aztec chief Montezuma allowed Cortes to enter the capital of Tenochtitlan because (A) Cortes's army was so powerful. (B) Montezuma believed that Corte's was the god Quetzalcoatl. (C) there was little in the city of interest to the Spanish. (D) all of the above.

33. In which of the following is the explorer mismatched with the area he explored? (A) Coronado/New Mexico and Arizona (B) Ponce de Leon/Mississippi River Valley (C) Cortes/Mexico (D) Pizarro/Peru

34. The treatment of the Native Americans by the Spanish conquistadores can be described as (A) at times brutal and exploitative. (B) firm but fair. (C) unmotivated by greed. (D) scornful of intermarriage.

35. Spain began to fortify and settle its North American border lands in order to (A) protect its Central and South American domains from encroachments by England and France. (B) gain control of Canada. (C) gain more slaves. (D) find a passage to the Pacific Ocean.

36. As a result of Pope's Rebellion in 1680, (A) the Pueblo Indians destroyed every Catholic church in the province of New Mexico. (B) the Pueblo Indians were destroyed. (C) the Spanish destroyed Pueblo temples and erected Catholic churches on those sites. (D) the Spanish missionaries suppressed native religions.

1. The early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized by (A) starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids (B) economic prosperity (C) constant fear of Spanish invasion (D) major technological advancement.

2. The result of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644 can best be described as (A) halting white settlement on the frontier (B) returning the Chesapeake Indians to their ancestral lands (C) making peaceful coexistence possible between the European and native peoples (D) ending any chance of assimilating the native peoples into Virginia society.

3. A major reason for the founding of the Maryland colony was to (A) establish a defensive buffer against Spanish colonies in the South (B) create a refuge for the Catholics (C) help the Protestants (D) allow Lord Baltimore to keep all the land for himself.

4. Sugar was called a rich man's crop for all of the following reasons except that it (A) had to be planted extensively (B) required the clearing of much land (C) could be purchased only by the wealthy (D) required an elaborate refining process.

5. The statutes governing slavery in the North American colonies originated in (A) England (B) Virginia (C) Brazil (D) Barbados.

6. One of the earliest and most important exports from South Carolina was (A) tobacco (B) naval slaves (C) fish (D) Indian slaves.

7. The colony of South Carolina prospered (A) by developing close economic ties with the British West Indies (B) only after Georgia was established (C) as a result of the importation of Indian slaves (D) because of its thriving shipbuilding industry.

8. Two major exports of the Carolinas were (A) rice and Indian slaves (B) sugar and corn (C) tobacco and furs (D) black slaves and cotton.

9. Some Africans became especially valuable as slaves in the Carolinas because they (A) had experience working in dry, desert like areas (B) were experienced in rice cultivation (C) were knowledgeable regarding cotton production (D) exhibited skill as soldiers.

10. North Carolina and Rhode Island were similar in that they (A) were very aristocratic (B) exercised no independent prerogative (C) depended on trade with Spain (D) were the two most democratic colonies.

11. The attitude of Carolinians toward Indians can best be described as (A) friendly (B) neutral (C) hostile (D) none of the above.

12. The Iroquois leader who helped his nation revive its old customs was (A) Powhatan (B) Handsome Lake (C) Pocahontas (D) De La Warr.

13. The colony of Georgia was founded (A) by a joint-stock company (B) as a defensive buffer for South Carolina (C) by eight proprietors chosen by Charles II (D) in the seventeenth century.

14. Georgia grew very slowly for all of the following reasons except (A) its unhealthy climate (B) early restrictions on black slavery (C) Spanish attacks (D) John Oglethorpe's leadership.

15. By 1750, all the southern plantation colonies (A) based their economies on the production of staple crops for export (B) practiced slavery (C) provided tax support for the Church of England (D) all of the above.

16. Arrange the following events in chronological order: the founding of (A) Georgia, (B) the Carolinas, (C) Virginia, (D) Maryland (A) A, C, B, D (B) B, D, C, A (C) C, D, B, A (D) D, C, B, A

17. During the 1500s, England had little interest in establishing its own overseas colonies because (A) it was Spain's ally (B) it suffered from internal religious conflict (C) the French had already established their presence overseas (D) Henry VIII did not seek to increase England's power.

1. Match each item on the left with the correct definition:A. predestination B. conversion C. antinomianism 1. belief that from the moment of creation some souls were "saved" and others "damned"2. belief that faith, good works, and repentance could earn salvation3. the sign of receipt of God's free gift of saving grace4. belief that those whom God had marked for salvation need not obey secular laws (A) A-1, B-3, C-2 (B) A-3, B-2, C-1 (C) A-1, B-3, C-4 (D) A-4, B-1, C-3

2. In Puritan doctrine, the "elect" were also referred to as (A) Separatists (B) "patroons" (C) "visible saints" (D) Pilgrims.

3. Henry VIII aided the entrance into England of Protestant beliefs when he (A) allowed Martin Luther to journey to England (B) broke England's ties with the Catholic church (C) removed himself as the head of the Church of England (D) ordered John Calvin to go to Switzerland.

4. King James I opposed the separatists who wanted to break away entirely from the Church of England because he (A) realized that if his subjects could defy him in spiritual behavior, they could defy him as a political leader (B) strongly believed in the concept of "visible saints" (C) never understood the political implications of their actions (D) believed that they were turning their backs on the true Calvinist faith.

5. The Separatists and Puritans migrated from England to the New World in order to (A) avoid the coming war with France (B) gain wealth (C) escape religious persecution (D) practice their purified Protestantism.

6. Match each colony on the left with its associated item.A. Plymouth 1. General CourtB. Connecticut 2. Mayflower CompactC. Massachusetts Bay 3. Fundamental Orders

4. patroonships

(A) A-3, B-2, C-4 (B) A-2, B-3, C-1 (C) A-4, B-1, C-2 (D) A-1, B-4, C-3

7. Unlike Separatists, Puritans (A) advocated strict separation of church and state (B) practiced passive resistance to oppression (C) remained members of the Church of England (D) were Calvinists.

8. The historical significance of the Pilgrims of Plymouth Bay lies in their (A) numerical size (B) economic power (C) moral and spiritual qualities (D) unique charter, which permitted self-government.

9. Initially, the Massachusetts Bay Colony enjoyed all of the following advantages except that of (A) being a well-equipped expedition (B) starting off on a larger scale than any other English colony (C) receiving many fairly prosperous and educated immigrants (D) receiving a majority of the Puritans coming to the New World.

10. Puritan doctrine included acceptance of (A) antinomianism (B) the Pope's supremacy (C) the idea of a covenant with God (D) the doctrine of good works.

11. With the franchise in Massachusetts extended to all adult males who belonged to Puritan congregations, the proportion of qualified voters in this colony as compared to England was (A) larger (B) smaller (C) about the same (D) not known.

12. In Massachusetts, clergymen (A) could be elected to political office (B) could not be fired by their congregations (C) were not allowed to marry (D) were barred from holding formal political office.

13. Puritan religious beliefs allowed all of the following except (A) drinking alcohol (B) eating plentifully (C) challenging religious authority (D) making love discreetly.

14. Among the Puritans, it was understood that (A) they would establish democratic government in America (B) clergymen would hold the most powerful political office (C) the purpose of government was to enforce God's laws (D) all adult white male landowners could vote for political leaders.

15. Unlike other English voyagers to the New World, the Puritans (A) transplanted entire communities (B) lost most of their Old World habits (C) immigrated as individuals rather than in groups (D) came only for religious reasons.

16. According to Anne Hutchinson, a dissenter in Massachusetts Bay, (A) predestination was not a valid idea (B) the truly saved need not bother to obey the laws of God or man (C) antinomianism was heresy (D) direct revelation from God was impossible.

17. As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams (A) established religious freedom for all but Jews and Catholics (B) supported some types of special privileges (C) established complete religious freedom for all (D) demanded attendance at worship.

18. Settlers of the Connecticut River colony developed a document known as the Fundamental Orders, which (A) marked the beginning of the colony of Connecticut (B) established a regime democratically controlled by "substantial" citizens (C) set up a military alliance in New England (D) pleased King Charles I.

19. After the Pequot War, Puritan efforts to convert Indians to Christianity can best be described as (A) vigorous but unsuccessful (B) more zealous than those made by Catholics (C) filling "praying towns" with hundreds of Indians (D) feeble.

20. The New England Indians' only hope for resisting English encroachment lay in (A) acquiring English muskets (B) enlisting the aid of the French (C) intertribal unity against the English (D) building fortifications.

21. King Philip's War resulted in (A) the lasting defeat of New England's Indians (B) France's moving into Canada (C) the formation of a powerful alliance among the Indians to resist the English (D) none of the above.

22. During the early years of colonization in the New World, England (A) closely controlled its colonies (B) maintained an excellent relationship with the Indians (C) paid little attention to its colonies (D) made sure all the colonies had royal charters.

23. The New England Confederation (A) included all the New England colonies (B) was designed to bolster colonial defense (C) led the American colonies to seek independence from England (D) was created by the English government to streamline its administration of the colonies.

24. The Dominion of New England (A) included all the New England colonies (B) was created by the English government to streamline the administration of its colonies (C) was designed to bolster colonial defense (D) all of the above.

25. As a result of England's Glorious Revolution, (A) the Dominion of the New World collapsed (B) Sir Edmund Andros gained control over Massachusetts (C) Massachusetts regained its original charter (D) opposition to English rule in the colonies subsided.

26. As a result of Sir Edmund Andros rule, (A) the power of town meetings was curbed (B) officials tried to enforce the Navigation Laws (C) taxes were levied without the consent of elected representatives (D) all of the above.

27. New York was (A) the best advertised of all the colonies (B) designed as a Quaker refuge (C) originally founded by the Dutch (D) a major contributor to political democracy and religious tolerance in the English colonies.

28. New York and Pennsylvania were similar in that they both (A) were established by joint-stock companies (B) experienced slow population growth (C) had ethnically mixed populations (D) were founded as religious refuges.

29. The Dutch colony of New Netherlands (later New York) was noted for (A) allowing only Dutch immigrants to settle there (B) its lack of enthusiasm for democratic practices (C) tolerating Quakers from nearby Pennsylvania (D) all of the above.

30. The New England Confederation regarded Dutch New Netherlands as (A) a welcome friend (B) an enemy to be wiped out (C) an easy target for Indian raids (D) the next victim of New Sweden.

31. When the English gained control over New Netherlands, (A) the autocratic spirit survived (B) democracy replaced the old autocratic system (C) the colony grew quickly (D) new leaders distributed land grants in a more democratic fashion.

32. One of the traits that made Quakers unpopular in England was (A) their refusal to do military service (B) the high pay given their clergy (C) their support of slavery (D) their violent treatment of their enemies.

33. All the middle colonies were (A) founded by proprietors (B) established by joint-stock companies (C) notable for their fertile soil (D) intended as religious havens.

34. Economically, the colony of Pennsylvania (A) got off to a very slow start (B) never prospered (C) received much help from New York (D) became profitable very quickly.

35. The middle colonies were notable for their (A) lack of good river transportation (B) unusual degree of democratic control (C) lack of industry (D) status as the least "American" of the colonies.

36. Recently, historians have increasingly viewed the colonial period as (A) one in which the Puritans had been overlooked (B) one of contact between European and native populations (C) one in which the settlement of the Caribbean have been stressed too much (D) all of the above.

37. The section of the American colonies where there was the greatest internal conflict was (A) New England (B) the Deep South (C) the western frontier (D) the middle colonies.

38. The picture of colonial America that is emerging from new scholarship is a society formed by (A) encounters with native people (B) European heritage (C) many intertwining roots (D) all of the above.

39. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) restoration of Charles II to the English throne, (B) English Civil War, (C) Glorious Revolution, (D) Protestant Reformation.

(A) D, B, A, C(B) C, A, 8, D(C) D, C, B, A(D) B, C, A, D

40. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) great Puritan migration, (B) founding of Plymouth Colony, (C) Protestant Reformation, (D) founding of Rhode Island.

(A) A, B, D, C(B) C, B, A, D(C) C, A, B, D(D) B, D, A, C

41. Arrange the following in chronological order: the founding of (A) New York, (B) Massachusetts Bay, (C) Pennsylvania, (D) Plymouth.

(A) C, B, A, D(B) B, D, C, A(C) A, C, D, B(D) D, B, A, C

1. The population of the Chesapeake colonies throughout the first half of the seventeenth century was notable for its (A) fast growth rate. (B) scarcity of women. (C) low death rate. (D) stable family life.

2. In the seventeenth century, due to a high death rate families were both few and fragile in (A) New England. (B) the Chesapeake colonies. (C) the middle colonies. (D) Georgia.

3. During the seventeenth century, indentured servitude solved the labor problem in many English colonies for all of the following reasons except that (A) the Indian population proved to be an unreliable work force because they died in such large numbers. (B) African slaves cost too much money. (C) in some areas families formed too slowly to provide a natural population increase. (D) Spain had stopped sending slaves to its New World colonies.

4. The "headright" system, which made some people very wealthy, entailed (A) using Indians as forced labor. (B) giving land to indentured servants to get them to come to the New World. (C) giving the right to acquire fifty acres of land to the person paying the passage of a laborer to America. (D) discouraging the importation of indentured servants to America.

5. By 1700, the most populous colony in English America was (A) Massachusetts. (B) Virginia. (C) New York. (D) Pennsylvania.

6. Seventeenth-century colonial tobacco growers usually responded to depressed prices for their crop by (A) selling slaves to reduce productive labor. (B) selling land to reduce their volume of production. (C) growing more tobacco to increase their volume of production. (D) planting corn and wheat instead of tobacco.

7. __________ reaped the greatest benefit from the land policies of the "headright" system. (A) Indentured servants (B) African slaves (C) Merchant planters (D) New England colonists

8. English yeomen who agreed to exchange their labor temporarily in return for payment of their passage to an American colony were called (A) headrights. (B) burgesses. (C) indentured servants. (D) slaves.

9. Throughout the greater port of the seventeenth century, the Chesapeake colonies acquired most of the labor they needed from (A) African slaves. (B) white servants. (C) captured Indians. (D) West Indian natives.

10.. Most immigrants to the Chesapeake colonies in the seventeenth century came as (A) indentured servants. (B) slaves from Africa. (C) yeomen farmers. (D) urban artisans.

11. Over the course of the seventeenth century, most indentured servants (A) became landowners. (B) devolved into slavery. (C) managed to escape the terms of their contracts. (D) faced increasingly harsh circumstances.

12. By the end of the seventeenth century, indentured servants who gained their freedom (A) often gained great wealth as more land became open for settlement. (B) rarely returned to work for their masters. (C) almost always found high-paying jobs in the cities. (D) had little choice but to hire themselves out for low wages to their former masters.

13. Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly by (A) young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land. (B) the planter class of Virginia. (C) those protesting the increased importation of African slaves. (D) people from Jamestown only.

14. As a result of Bacon's Rebellion, (A) African slavery was reduced. (B) planters began to look for less troublesome laborers. (C) Governor Berkeley was dismissed from office. (D) Nathaniel Bacon was named to head the Virginia militia.

15. The majority of African slaves coming to the New World (A) went to English North America. (B) were delivered to South America and the West Indies. (C) came to New England. (D) were brought by the Dutch.

16. After 1680, reliance on slave labor in colonial America rapidly increased because (A) higher wages in England reduced the number of emigrating servants. (B) planters feared the growing number of landless freemen in the colonies. (C) the British Royal African company lost its monopoly on the slave trade in colonial America. (D) all of the above.

17. Slave Christianity emphasized all of the following in their faith except (A) Jesus was the Messiah who would deliver them from bondage. (B) God's freeing the Hebrews from slavery. (C) heaven was a place where they would be reunited with their ancestors. (D) the concepts of humility and obedience.

18. Which of the following are products of the American slave culture? (A) jazz (B) the Christian-belief in obedience (C) several modern American dance (D) the development of an American form of Islam

19. African-American contributions to American culture include all of the following except (A) jazz music. (B) the banjo. (C) the guitar. (D) a variety of words.

20. The physical and social conditions of slavery were harshest in (A) Maryland. (B) Virginia. (C) South Carolina. (D) Massachusetts.

21. While slavery might have begun in America for economic reasons, (A) it soon became clear by 1700 that profits were down. (B) race was rarely an issue in relations between blacks and whites. (C) racial discrimination also powerfully molded the American slave system. (D) profit soon played a very small role.

22. Compared with indentured servants, African-American slaves were (A) less reliable workers. (B) more likely to rebel. (C) cheaper to buy and own. (D) a more manageable labor force.

23. As slavery spread in the South, (A) social differences within society narrowed. (B) the great plantation owners worked less. (C) gaps in the social structure widened. (D) planters tried to imitate the ways of English country gentlemen.

24. Most of the inhabitants of the colonial American South were (A) merchant planters. (B) land owning small farmers. (C) landless farm laborers. (D) black slaves.

25. It was typical of colonial New England adults to (A) marry early and have several children. (B) be unable to read and write. (C) arrive in New England unmarried. (D) die before becoming grandparents.

26. Urban development in the colonial South (A) rivaled that of New England. (B) kept pace with the growth of large plantations. (C) led to the construction of an excellent highway system. (D) was slow to emerge.

27. The New England family can best be described as (A) relatively small in size due to the frequency of deaths from childbirth. (B) a very stable institution. (C) a limiting factor in the growth of the region's population. (D) not very close-knit.

28. The special characteristics of New England's population led to the observation that these colonists "invented" (A) premarital sex. (B) grandparents. (C) family life. (D) religious piety.

29. Southern colonies generally allowed married women to retain separate title to their property because (A) of religious beliefs. (B) of English tradition. (C) southern men frequently died young. (D) southern families were stable.

30. Puritans refused to recognize a woman's separate property rights because (A) of the short life span of New England women. (B) they worried that such rights would undercut the unity of married persons. (C) New England families were so rare. (D) of all of the above.

31. The expansion of New England society (A) proceeded in an orderly fashion. (B) was a rather haphazard process. (C) was undertaken by lone-wolf farmers on their own initiative. (D) took place without the approval of the colonial legislature.

32. The Puritan system of congregational church government logically led to (A) an authoritarian political government. (B) the early establishment of religious toleration. (C) democracy in political government. (D) none of the above.

33. Thomas Jefferson once observed that "the best school of political liberty the world ever saw" was the (A) College of William and Mary. (B) Virginia House of Burgesses. (C) New England town meeting. (D) Chesapeake plantation system.

34. The Salem witchcraft trials were (A) a result of Roger Williams's activities. (B) the result of unsettled social and religious conditions in rapidly evolving Massachusetts. (C) caused by ergot in the Puritans' bread. (D) unique to the English colonies.

35. During the Salem witchcraft trials, most of those accused as witches were (A) from the prosperous merchant elite. (B) from the ranks of poor families. (C) primarily un-Christian Indians. (D) women in their late teen years.

36. The Salem "witch hunt" in 1692 (A) was the largest "witch hunt" in recorded history. (B) was the first in the English American colonies. (C) was opposed by the more responsible members of the clergy. (D) was ultimately of little consequence for those who were accused of witchcraft.

37. As a result of poor soil, all of the following conditions prevailed in New England except that (A) hard work was required to make a living. (B) the area was less ethnically mixed than its southern neighbors. (C) frugality became essential to economic survival. (D) reliance on a single, staple crop became a necessity.

38. The New England economy depended heavily on (A) slave labor. (B) the production of many staple crops. (C) fishing, shipbuilding, and commerce. (D) all of the above.

39. In contrast to the Chesapeake colonies, those in New England (A) had a more diversified economy. (B) expanded westward in a less orderly fashion. (C) had a more ethnically mixed population. (D) were more oriented toward the individual than toward community interests.

40. The English justified taking land from the native inhabitants on the grounds that the Indians (A) were not Christians. (B) wasted the earth by underutilizing its bounty. (C) burned woodlands. (D) refused to sell it.

41. The impact of New England on the rest of the nation can best be described as (A) greatly exaggerated. (B) generally negative. (C) confined primarily to New England. (D) extremely important.

42. Compared with most seventeenth-century Europeans, Americans lived in (A) relative poverty. (B) larger cities. (C) affluent abundance. (D) a more rigid class system.

43. The late-seventeenth-century rebellion in New York was headed by __________ , whereas that in Maryland was led by __________ (A) Nathaniel Bacon, Catholics (B) William Berkeley, slaves (C) Puritans, Indians (D) Jacob Leisler, Protestants

1. One outstanding feature common to all of the eventually rebellious colonies was their (A) relatively equal wealth. (B) economic organization. (C) similar social structures. (D) rapidly growing populations.

2. As a result of the rapid population growth in colonial America during the eighteenth century, (A) a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country. (B) the British government was pleased that more workers would be available to fill an increasing need for laborers in Britain. (C) the need for slave labor

declined. (D) the colonists became more dependent on Britain for the goods that they needed to survive.

3. Regarding government, the Scots-Irish colonists (A) showed remarkable willingness to follow authority. (B) supported only Britain. (C) cherished no love for the British or any other government. (D) stated a preference for Catholic authority.

4. By 1775, the __________ were the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America. (A) Africans (B) Germans (C) West Indians (D) Scots-Irish

5 Most non-English Europeans who migrated to colonial America (A) settled in eastern seaboard cities. (B) were Catholics. (C) moved to the western frontier. (D) became intensely loyal to the British crown out of gratitude.

6. The population of the thirteen American colonies was (A) about evenly divided among Anglo-Saxons, French, Scots-Irish, and Germans. (B) perhaps the most diverse in the world, although it remained predominantly Anglo-Saxon. (C) about one-half non-English. (D) most ethnically mixed in New England.

7. The most ethnically diverse region of colonial America was __________ , whereas __________ was the least ethnically diverse. (A) New England, the South (B) the middle colonies, the South (C) the South, New England (D) the middle colonies, New England

8. In contrast to the seventeenth century, by 1775 colonial Americans (A) had become more stratified into social classes and had less social mobility. (B) had all but eliminated poverty. (C) found that it was easier for ordinary people to acquire land. (D) had nearly lost their fear of slave rebellion.

9. By the mid-1700s, the number of poor people in the American colonies (A) became greater than in all of Europe. (B) had increased to the point of overpopulation. (C) had begun to decline from seventeenth-century levels. (D) remained tiny compared with the number in England.

10. On the eve of the American Revolution, social and economic mobility decreased, partly because (A) some merchants made huge profits as military suppliers. (B) of peacetime economic developments. (C) fewer yeoman farmers were arriving from Europe. (D) of the religious impact of the Puritans.

11. During the colonial era, all of the following peoples created new societies out of diverse ethnic groups in America except (A) Europeans. (B) Africans. (C) Asians. (D) Indians.

12. All of the following conditions caused many Scots to migrate to Northern Ireland and thence to America except (A) the poor quality of farmland in Scotland (B) the spread of commercial farming (C) extremely high rent increase (D) persecution for their Catholic religion.

13. The Scots-Irish can best be described as (A) fiercely independent. (B) loyal to the British king. (C) people who did not like to move. (D) builders of sturdy homes and well-kept farms.

14. When the Scots-Irish established a new community, one of the first tasks they undertook was to (A) build a tavern. (B) erect a church. (C) establish a court. (D) institute a theocracy.

15. The most honored profession in early colonial society was (A) medicine. (B) law. (C) the ministry. (D) farming.

16. The riches created by the growing slave population in the American South (A) were distributed evenly among whites. (B) helped to narrow the gap between rich and poor. (C) created a serious problem with inflation. (D) were not distributed evenly among whites.

17. When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict or halt the importation of slaves, British authorities (A) applauded the efforts. (B) vetoed such efforts. (C) allowed only South Carolina's legislation to stand. (D) viewed such colonial actions as morally callous.

18. In the colonies in 1775 were the most prestigious professionals, were generally held in low esteem, and--------------were not highly regarded until about 1750 when it was discovered that they could be quite useful. (A) doctors, lawyers, ministers (B) lawyers, ministers, doctors (C) ministers, doctors, lawyers (D) ministers, lawyers, doctors

19. __________ led in the political agitation before the Revolution. (A) Manufacturers (B) Physicians (C) Teachers (D) Lawyers

20. The most important economic enterprise in the American colonies was (A) fishing. (B) manufacturing. (C) commerce. (D) agriculture.

21. Of the following, the least important economic activity of colonial Americans was (A) fishing. (B) commerce. (C) farming. (D) manufacturing.

22. One of the surest avenues to speedy wealth in the American colonies was (A) a commercial venture. (B) a plantation. (C) fishing. (D) manufacturing.

23. The major manufacturing enterprise in colonial America in the eighteenth century was (A) iron making. (B) arms and munitions production. (C) lumbering. (D) rum distilling.

24. One feature of the American economy that strained the relationship between the colonies and Britain was the (A) British demand to halt the importation of slaves. (B) growing desire of Americans to trade with other nations in addition to Britain. (C) lack of

any British regulations regarding trade with foreign nations. (D) British rejection of the Molasses Act.

25. Transportation in colonial America was (A) surprisingly fast for the time. (B) safer by road than by any other means. (C) slow by any of the means available. (D) so poor that no mail service was established until the 1800s.

26. When the British Parliament passed the Molasses Act in 1733, it intended the act to (A) stimulate the colonies' "triangle trade" with Africa and the West Indies. (B) satisfy colonial demands for earning foreign exchange money. (C) inhibit colonial trade with the French West Indies. (D) increase the colonists' standard of living and protect the livelihood of colonial merchants.

27. Colonial American taverns were all of the following except (A) frequented mainly by the lower class. (B) another cradle of democracy. (C) hotbeds of agitation for the Revolutionary movement. (D) important in crystallizing public opinion.

28. English officials tried to "establish" the Church of England in as many colonies as possible because (A) they were concerned about the eternal souls of the colonists. (B) the church would act as a major prop for kingly authority. (C) such an action would restore enthusiasm for religion. (D) the American colonists supported such a move.

29. Match each denomination on the left with the region where it predominated.A. Congregationalist 1. the frontierB. Anglican 2. New EnglandC. Presbyterian 3. the South

(A) A-2, B-3, C-1 (B) A-2, B-1 C-3 (C) A-1, B-3, C-2 (D) A-3, B-2, C-i

30. In 1775, the __________churches were the only two established (tax-supported) churches in colonial America. (A) Methodist and Anglican (B) Presbyterian and Congregational (C) Congregational and Anglican (D) Quaker and Catholic

31. As the Revolution approached, Presbyterian and Congregational ministers in general (A) remained neutral. (B) supported the Revolutionary cause. (C) sided with the Anglican clergymen. (D) opposed the idea of revolution.

32. By the early eighteenth century, religion in colonial America was (A) stronger than at any previous time. (B) holding steadfastly to the belief that spiritual conversion was essential for church membership. (C) moving away from clerical intellectualism. (D) less fervid than when the colonies were established.

33. The "new light" preachers of the Great Awakening (A) delivered intensely emotional sermons. (B) rarely addressed themselves to the matter of individual salvation. (C) reinforced the established churches. (D) were ultimately unsuccessful in arousing the religious enthusiasm of colonial Americans.

34. The Great Awakening (A) undermined the prestige of the learned clergy in the colonies. (B) split colonial churches into several competing denominations. (C) led to the founding of Princeton, Dartmouth, and Rutgers colleges. (D) all of the above.

35. Match each individual on the left with his or her talent.A. Jonathan Edwards 1. poetB. Benjamin Franklin 2. scientistC. Phyllis Wheatley 3. theologian

4. portrait artist (A) A-2, B-i, C-3 (B) A-1, B-3, C-2 (C) A-3, B-2, C-1 (D) A-i, B-2, C-3

36. In colonial America, education was most zealously promoted (A) In the South. (B) in New England. (C) on the frontier. (D) in the middle colonies.

37. The time-honored English ideal, which Americans accepted for some time, regarded education as (A) essential training for citizenship. (B) designed for men and women. (C) reserved for the aristocratic few. (D) unimportant for leaders.

38. Culture in colonial America (A) ~involved heavy investment in art. (B) was generally ignored and unappreciated. (C) showed its native creativity in architecture. (D) was always important to the colonists.

39. The jury's decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a newspaper printer, was significant because (A) he was found guilty. (B) it supported English law. (C) it pointed the way to open public discussion. (D) the ruling prohibited criticism of political officials.

40. One political principle that colonial Americans came to cherish above most others was (A) the property qualification for voting. (B) one man, one vote. (C) the separation of powers. (D) self-taxation through representation.

41. By 1775, most governors of American colonies were (A) appointed by colonial proprietors. (B) appointed by the king. (C) elected by popular vote. (D) elected by the vote of colonial legislatures.

42. Colonial legislatures were often able to bend the power of the governors to their will because (A) the governors often had a greater sense of loyalty to their colony than to the king. (B) the governors were usually chosen by colonial legislatures and could be

removed from office by the legislatures. (C) the king generally held the views of colonial legislators in higher regard than those of the governors. (D) colonial legislatures controlled taxes and expenditures that paid the governors' salaries.

43. In colonial elections, (A) most eligible voters zealously exercised their right to vote. (B) the right to vote was reserved for property holders. (C) only a small landed elite had the right to vote. (D) average citizens were usually elected to office.

1. During the seventeenth century, America established the precedent of (A) staying out of European wars if possible. (B) relying totally on the British for defense. (C) starting wars in Europe. (D) being involved in every world war since 1688.

2. French motives in the New World included the desire to (A) establish agricultural communities to produce profitable staple crops. (B) convert Indians to Protestantism. (C) compete with Spain for an empire in America. (D) provide a place for French religious dissenters to settle.

3. Unlike the first three Anglo-French wars, the French and Indian War (A) won the British territorial concessions. (B) united British colonists in strong support of the mother country. (C) was fought initially on the North American continent. (D) did not affect American colonists' attitudes toward England.

4. During a generation of peace following the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, Britain provided its American colonies with (A) a large military presence for protection. (B) decades of salutary neglect. (C) higher taxes passed by Parliament. (D) all of the above.

5. The War of Jenkins's Ear was (A) fought in European waters. (B) a great victory for Spain. (C) actually started when Captain Jenkins had his ear cut off. (D) the event that established the policy of salutary neglect.

6. New England colonists were outraged when British diplomats returned- __________ to France in 1748. (A) Hudson Bay (B) Acadia (C) Louisbourg (D) Newfoundland

7. The climactic clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of (A) Cape Breton Island. (B) the Ohio River Valley. (C) the Mississippi River. (D) the Great Lakes.

8. A key reason France needed to control the Ohio Valley was to (A) stop Spain from extending its empire. (B) help win the War of Jenkins's Ear. (C) stop the Indian attacks on its outposts. (D) link its Canadian holdings with those of the lower Mississippi Valley.

9. In his first military command in the French and Indian War, George Washington (A) won at Fort Duquesne. (B) was defeated but was allowed to retreat. (C) received strong support from the British. (D) helped to force the French out of Nova Scotia.

10. The French and Indian War was also known in Europe as (A) the War of Jenkins' s Ear. (B) the Seven Years War. (C) the War of Austrian Succession. (D) King William's War.

11. In the colonial wars before 1754, Americans (A) functioned as a unified fighting force. (B) received more support from France than Britain. (C) demonstrated an astonishing lack of unity. (D) were not involved in combat.

12. The immediate purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754 was to (A) request the help of the British military. (B) keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British. (C) prevent the French from attacking American outposts. (D) support George Washington's desire to head the colonial militia.

13. The long-range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to (A) achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat. (B) propose independence of the colonies from Britain. (C) declare war on the Iroquois tribe. (D) prohibit New England and New York from trading with the French West Indies.

14. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity; (B) General Edward Braddock is defeated near Fort Duquesne; (C) British troops capture Louisbourg in their first significant victory of the French and Indian War; (D) General James Wolfe's army defeats Montcalm's on the Plains of Abraham. (A) B, A, 0, C (B) A, B, C, D (C) C, B, A, D (D) A, C, B, D

15. Benjamin Franklin's plan for colonial home rule was rejected by the individual colonies because (A) it did not provide for the common defense. (B) the British approved it. (C) it did not seem to give enough independence to the colonies. (D) they did not feel that they had been well represented at the Albany Congress.

16. As a result of General Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne, (A) the British controlled the frontier. (B) George Washington was left without a military command. (C) the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian attack. (D) General Braddock was forced to leave the military.

17. The British invasion of Canada in 1756 during the French and Indian War (A) resulted in victory for Britain. (B) concentrated on Quebec and Montreal. (C) followed sound strategic planning. (D) ended in defeat.

18. When William Pitt became prime minister during the French and Indian War, he (A) ended Parliament's practice of reimbursing the colonies for their war-related expenditures. (B) ordered a full-scale assault on the French West Indies. (C) relied

heavily on the older, more cautious generals in the British Army. (D) focused his military strategy on the capture of French Canada.

19. In the peace arrangements that ended the French and Indian War, (A) France surrendered all of its territorial claims to North America. (B) England turned Florida over to Spain. (C) Spain ceded all of Louisiana, including New Orleans, to Britain. (D) France lost all its valuable sugar islands in the West Indies.

20 As a result of the French and Indian War, Great Britain (A) gained control of Louisiana. (B) became the dominant power in North America. (C) annexed the island of Cub(A) (D) all of the above.

21. For the American colonies, the French and Indian War (A) ended the myth of British invincibility. (B) left them in need of experienced officers. (C) offered the opportunity to grow closer to the British. (D) gave them the opportunity finally to gain control of Mississippi.

22. France had to give up its vision of a North American New France when (A) its fishing industry faltered. (B) farming proved to be unprofitable. (C) King Louis XIV died. (D) it was defeated by the British in 1713 and 1763.

23. When the Acadians left Canada, they went to (A) Florida. (B) Louisiana. (C) France. (D) Nova Scotia.

24. The isolation of Louisiana's Cajun communities ended (A) during the Civil War. (B) only with the civil rights movement of the 1960s. (C) with bridge building in the 1930s. (D) with intermarriage to Germans, English, and Spanish.

25. During the French and Indian War, (A) colonial militiamen were impressed with the seeming invincibility of the British regulars. (B) British officers roundly praised the skillful fighting ability of colonial troops. (C) British officials were disturbed by the lukewarm support of many colonials. (D) the colonists lost confidence in their own military capability.

26. With the end of the French and Indian War, the disunity, jealousy, and suspicion that had long existed in the American colonies (A) continued without change. (B) began to melt somewhat. (C) finally came to a complete end. (D) resulted in renewed acts of violence.

27. With the British and American victory in the French and Indian War, (A) the American colonies grew closer to Britain. (B) Americans now feared the Spanish. (C) a new spirit of independence arose, as the French threat disappeared. (D) the Indians were stopped from ever again launching a deadly attack against whites.

28. With the defeat of Chief Pontiac and his alliance, the British decided to (A) stabilize Indian-white relations. (B) let the colonists assume financial responsibility for defending

themselves. (C) remove troops stationed in the colonies. (D) enlist the aid of France to halt the Indian menace.

29. Chief Pontiac decided to try to drive the British out of the Ohio Valley because (A) the British were weak as a result of the French and Indian War. (B) the British had deliberately infected Indians with smallpox. (C) of the Proclamation of 1763. (D) the Indians were in a precarious position.

30. The Proclamation of 1763 (A) was warmly received by American land speculators (B) Removed the Spanish and Indian menace from the colonial frontier (C) Declared war on Chief Pontiac and his fierce warriors (D) Prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

1. Europeans such as Columbus began in the 16th century to search for (A) a quicker route to get African slaves (B) a more direct, less complicated route to the Orient (C) a way to spread the Anglican faith (D) new medicines to cure venereal disease.

2. On October 12, 1492, Columbus landed in (A) Honduras (B) Brazil (C) San Salvador (D) Florida.

3. When planning his 1492 voyage, Columbus utilized the calculations of (A) Ptolemy (B) Plato (C) Henry VIII (D) Miguel de Cervantes.

4. Anthropologists believe that the first Native Americans to enter North America came from (A) Africa (B) South America (C) Western Europe (D) Northeastern Asia.

5. Clovis points were (A) a more advanced weapons system (B) surveying instruments used by Native Americans (C) agricultural tools to help in corn planting (D) tactics used in trapping beaver.

6. Native Americans in the southwestern part of North America (present-day Utah and Nevada) (A) grew corn and squash (B) hunted small game and collected berries (C) mined gold arid silver (D) lived in grass huts.

7. Most Native American cultures (A) emphasized the individual over the group or community (B) considered land to be the private property of the shaman (C) had a deep sense of spirituality about the universe (D) never warred between tribes.

8. The mound-builders of Cahokia (A) followed buffalo herds along the Great Plains (B) lived in hamlets of less than thirty people (C) developed a complex trading system along the Ohio and lower Mississippi River valleys (D) were the first Native Americans to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

9. Native Americans of the Iroquois Confederacy (A) centered their communal life in mounds (B) emphasized the maternal side of one's family (C) refused to kill the beaver

since it was a religious symbol (D) constantly moved around an(l did not plant seasonal crops.

10. Mercantilism emphasized (A) the importance of gold and silver (B) an individual's wealth over the wealth of the nation (C) the constant expansion of available raw materials in the world (D) the importance of religion in society.

11. Martin Luther opposed (A) the idea that individuals could pray directly to God (B) the power of the pope and priests (C) greater participation of lay persons in religious services (D) any emphasis on the scripture as a source of religious truth.

12. John Calvin believed that (A) an individual's salvation was predestined before birth (B) in the end God would save everyone and allow all to go to heaven (C) humans were born, by nature, good (D) morality was not a matter that religion should he bothered with.

13. Least important as a cause of the Age of Exploration was (A) new technological advancements for ships (B) the rise of nation-states (C) the Reformation (D) Newton's formulation of gravitational laws.

14. Ship hulls were raised at each end during the sixteenth century (A) as a safety precaution against sinking (B) to provide easier maneuverability (C) to create "castles" to wage war (D) so more men could sail

15. The nation leading the world in first venturing out onto the open seas was (A) Spain (B) Portugal (C) India (D) Italy

16. The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 ensured that Brazil would he a colony of (A) Portugal (B) Spain (C) Italy (D) England

17. Hernando de Soto was the first European to (A) see the Rocky Mountains (B) discover the Grand Canyon (C) discover the Mississippi River (D) travel by land from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada

18. The Spanish were most interested in (A) finding land for their surplus population to live on (B) spreading the gospel of the Anglican faith (C) finding areas suitable to growing corn and squash (D) mining gold and silver

19. A mestizo was (A) an American-born leader of Spanish descent (B) a person of mixed European and Indian ancestry (C) a Native American banished to California (D) an African American enslaved and sent to the Caribbean.

20. Upon contact with Europeans, many Native Americans (A) resisted trade and massacred all Europeans upon first sight (B) fled to the mountains and refused to have anything to do with Europeans (C) died of diseases such as measles, influenza, and smallpox (D) immediately accepted Christianity and a European world view.

21 A major consequence of the Age of Exploration was (A) a European population explosion (B) a Native American population explosion (C) the weakening of nations such as Spain and England (D) increased contact between Europe and Asia.

22. England turned its attention to North America (A) when the world wool market collapsed in the 1550s (B) when Spain gained control of Ireland and Scotland (C) because it rejected the theory of mercantilism (D) as Elizabeth I wanted to spread Catholicism.

23. A joint stock company (A) made sure the monarch did not know about its operations (B) erected buildings overseas to store and protect goods (C) paid pirates to raid enemy ships (D) gave all earned profits to the monarch.

24. Richard Hakluyt believed that English colonization in North America would (A) increase democracy in the English commonwealth (B) allow Christianity to synthesize major principles of Native American religion (C) offer bases for launching attacks against the Italians (D) provide outlets for England's surplus population.

1. The British colonial effort differed from that of other European powers in that (A) most British colonists were debtors and from the lower classes (B) there was an abundance of capital in England to finance exploration (C) the English crown repeatedly insisted on immediate colonization (D) there was a serious decline in the English population in the 1600s.

2. Settlers at Jamestown in the first five years of settlement experienced (A) a "starving time" when settlers practiced cannibalism (B) enormous population increases (C) constant warfare with the Spanish and French (D) great numbers of converts to Catholicism.

3. John Rolfe stimulated the Virginian economy enormously when in 1613 he introduced (A) sugar cane (B) rice (C) cotton (D) tobacco.

4. The motivation behind establishment of the headright was (A) to keep aristocratic cotton planters in power in Virginia (B) to encourage religious toleration in Virginia (C) to increase the population in Virginia (D) to support the Spanish in the world war.

5. The Calverts increased the population of their colony by (A) ensuring religious toleration for all inhabitants (B) declaring genocide on all Iroquois (C) declaring war against the French and driving them out (D) planting a new strain of cotton.

6. Puritans believed that (A) a church service had to include much liturgy (B) bureaucratic hierarchies were necessary to control church officials (C) the religions community was more important than the selfish individual (D) it would be immoral to move to North America.

7. The Mayflower Compact provided for (A) rule by consent of the governed (B) religious toleration (C) forced militia service by citizens of the commonwealth (D) freedom of speech.

8. Puritans believed that (A) God was absolutely sovereign over everything and everyone (B) a person earned his or her heavenly reward by good works (C) all males over the age of twenty-one would be church members (D) a bishop knew what was best for each congregation.

9. In 1662 the HaIf-Way Covenant (A) made Puritanism the state religion of Massachusetts (B) opened participation in civil affairs to adult non-Puritans who met certain property requirements (C) decreased the price of land in i Massachusetts (D) established a two-house legislature in Massachusetts.

10. Roger Williams believed that (A) the Church of England could be reformed from within (B) humans should never expect to achieve purity or perfection (C) there should be a complete separation of church 1111(1 state (D) God had made the world and then left

11. To Anne Hutchinson, (A) good works should be emphasized in religion (B) the gift of grace should be emphasized in religion (C) it was morally acceptable for a man or woman to have more than one mate (D) God never directly communicated with humans

12. Quakers believed that (A) an "Inner Light" best guided human behavior (B) church services had to be very structured and ritualized (C) emotion had no place in religion (D) physical violence was evil.

23. The tiny Caribbean island of Barbados was most important for production of (A) gold and silver (B) wheat (C) sugar (D) cotton.

24. Nearly all of the slaves imported into the Americas came from (A) north Africa (B) south Africa (C) east Africa (D) west Africa.

25. Most African tribes on the eve of the Age of Discovery (A) emphasized the individual over the community or clan (B) practiced polygamy or multiple marriages (C) could not work in iron and bronze, which prohibited them from making metal tools and weapons (D) condemned the use of household slavery as inhumane.

26. About one-third of all African slaves ended up in (A) Virginia and South Carolina (B) California and New Mexico (C) Brazil (D) Peru.

27. The Middle Passage was characterized by (A) all ships packing slaves as closely together as possible (B) African despair and suicide (C) a conversion of most African slaves to the Christian religion (D) a conversion of most African slaves to the Moslem religion.

29. The African holocaust included (A) the strengthening of African cultural unity (B) the deaths of [millions of Africans (C) the genocide of Europeans by Africans in imperialistic wars (D) the destruction of African religions.

30. Virginia planers favored European indentured servants over African slaves as laborers at first because (A) whites were less susceptible to malaria than were blacks (B) whites lived longer than blacks in Virginia (C) the initial Cost of African slaves was far higher than die cost of indentured servants (D) Europeans made better fighters against Native Americans titan did Africans.

37. Bacon's Rebellion was primarily about (A) fear of cotton planters gaining too much power in the legislature (B) the governments :' inability to protect westerners (C) the growing population of African Americans it) Virginia (D) state boundary disputes between Virginia and North Carolina.

12. Most colonial artisan guilds dealt with (A) establishing loose rules governing apprenticeships (B) establishing a just price (C) encouraging union strikes if wages were unfairly low (D) shipping regulations with England.

13. The most important social determinant in the colonies in 1650 was (A) family connections in England (B) religion (C) land ownership (D) the number of children in the family.

14. Colonial women (A) voted in northern colonies (B) could easily sue for divorce for physical abuse arid incompatibility (C) owned one-half of all property brought into a marriage (D) were tied to hearth and children year-round.

15. A large number of people accused of being witches in the New England witchcraft hysteria were (A) property owners (B) Catholic (C) elected political officials (D) atheists.

16. By 1700 most slave communities (A) had persuaded masters to introduce schools to the plantation (B) centered their life in the family (C) gave children born in America English names (D) had totally abandoned their African religious practices.

17. Slaves "jumped over the broomstick" (A) to keep bad spirits out of their cabins (B) in a death ritual which symbolized going to the other world (C) as a religious exercise before running away to the North (D) to announce their marriage to the community.

18. At a burial ceremony, slaves (A) read from the Old and New Testaments of the Christian Bible (B) allowed whites to lead the religious services (C) sang ancestral songs and danced a counter-clockwise (lance (D) planted trees in memory of the deceased

19. Gullah was (A) an African-American work tool (B) an African god (C) an African banjo (D) an African-American dialect.

20. The Great Dismal Swamp was (A) an African mythological burying ground (B) disputed Indian land on the Canadian border (C) a place where black runaways fled in between Virginia and North Carolina (D) disputed land between the English and French on the Florida border.

22. The Stono Rebellion of 1739 resulted in (A) the eventual annihilation of the rebels (B) abolition of slavery in South Carolina (C) a massive movement of immigrants to the South (D) new written constitutions for the English colonies.

23. By the I720s backcountry southern society (west of the Appalachians) could best be described as (A) hierarchical and bureaucratic (B) egalitarian and violent (C) refined and conservative (D) socialistic and industrial.

24. The Plains Indians were most dramatically affected by (A) the steel plow (B) the horse (C) metal fish hooks (D) Christian missionaries.

25. The preeminent agencies of socialization and acculturation in colonial America were (A) churches (B) schools (C) political parties (D) community centers.

40. In the seventeenth century, African-American women in the Chesapeake (A) outnumbered men by a seven-to-one ratio (B) were slow to have children (C) were not forced to work in tobacco fields (D) ran away more often than men.

41. Miscegenation refers to (A) belief in many gods (B) spending money foolishly (C) interracial sexual unions (D) a society dominated by women.

42. Mary Horsmanden Filmer Byrd could best be described as (A) male-dependent and introverted (B) promiscuous and hedonistic (C) gentle and timid (D) strong-spirited and adventurous.

43. Which of the following were major developments of the late Middle Ages that helped to promote exploration? (A) rise of nation-states and monarchs, rise of towns and trade, new navigation tools (B) rise of towns and trade, sophisticated systems of banking, increasing power of feudal lords (C) new navigational tools, rise of nation-states and monarchs, collapse of medieval banking (D) rise of towns and trades, increasing power of feudal lords, fall of nation-states and monarchs.

44. Which of these factors aided the survival of the early Jamestown settlers? The aid rendered by the Indians (B) The supplies that were shipped to them regularly from England (C) Selfless dedication to the good of the colony (D) Military reinforcements from England.

45. After 1644, the right to vote in Massachusetts Bay was restricted to which of the following groups? (A) those who were members of the Puritan church (B) those who owned 100 acres of land (C) those of the original colonies of England (D) those listed as freemen in the original charter.

46. What did Roger Williams's mistrust of the purity of others eventually lead him to believe? (A) that all churches had valid points (B) that there should be separation of church and state (C) that governments should assure ecclesiastical purity with regulations (D) that tolerance was dangerous and inspired rebellion.