Colombia

COLOMBIA• Colombia officially the

Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia ) is a unitary, constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. It is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the northwest by Panama; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.

GEOGRAPHY

• The geography of Colombia is characterized by its six main natural regions that present their own unique characteristics, from the Andes mountain range region shared with Ecuador and Venezuela; the Pacific coastal region shared with Panama and Ecuador; the Caribbean coastal region shared with Venezuela and Panama; the Llanos (plains) shared with Venezuela; to the Amazon Rainforest region shared with Venezuela, Brazil, Peru and Ecuador.

CLIMATE• Colombians customarily

describe their country in terms of the climatic zones. Below 900(nine hundred) meters in elevation is the tierra caliente (hot land), where temperatures vary between 24(twenty-four) and 38(thirty-eight) °C. About 86(Eighty-six)% of the country's total area lies in the tierra caliente.

History of coffee• Historical data

indicates that the Jesuits brought coffee seeds to South America , but there are different versions of this. Tradition says that the coffee seeds were brought by a traveler from Guyana who passed through Venezuela before reaching Colombia.

BOGOTÁ

• Bogotá, called Santafé de Bogotá, is the capital, and largest city, of Colombia. It is also designated by the national constitution as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca, though the city of Bogotá now comprises an independent capital district and no longer belongs administratively to Cundinamarca. Bogotá is the most populous city in the country. Bogotá and its metropolitan area.

CHICAMOCHA

• The Chicamocha Canyon is a steep sided canyon carved by the Chicamocha River. This river flows through the departments of Boyaca and Santander, where it reaches its maximum depth near the outskirts of Bucaramanga.

• The canyon is the result of the erosion caused by water.

THE CURRENCY; THE WEIGHT• The peso is the currency of

Colombia. However, the official peso symbol is $. As of 4 June 2013.(two thousand thirteen)

• The peso has been the currency of Colombia since 1810.(  eight hundred ten) It replaced the real at a rate of 1 peso = 8 reales and was initially subdivided into 8 reales. The real was renamed the decimo in 1853.(eight hundred fifty-three) The current system of 100 centavos to the peso was first used in 1819 on early banknotes but did not reappear until the early 1860s on banknotes and was not used on the coinage until 1872.