College EnglishCollege English

Book 2 Unit 7Book 2 Unit 7

Part I Background Information

Part II Text & Listening

Part III New Words & Expressions

Part IV Supplement

Unit 7Unit 7

Part IBackground Information

About the Author Structure of a House Gun’s ComponentsAmerican Criminal IssuesCrime in Other Countries

About the Author----Ruth Reichl

American novelist and artist The author of many best-sellers Chef in Berkeley during the 1970s' California

food revolution Editor in chief of Gourmet - a post held since

1999 One of the most significant culinary

personalities of the last 30 years. She wrote three memoirs, including the 2006

Garlic and Sapphires: The Secret Life of a Critic in Disguise, which talks about her six years as food critic of the New York Times.

She is also the editor of The Modern Library Food Series and all of the Gourmet books.

Structure of a House

Gun’s Components

American Criminal IssuesAmerican Criminal Issues 1)The crime rate in America is decreasing?1)The crime rate in America is decreasing?

VictimizationVictimization LevelsLevels

2) Changes in Crime Rates2) Changes in Crime Rates

3) What impact do handguns have on America's 3) What impact do handguns have on America's crime problem?crime problem?

The U.S. has the most heavily armed citizenry in the world. It is estimated that some 223 million guns are available to the general public, and that roughly 135,000 children carry guns to school each day. Each year, the FBI receives about 274,000 reports of stolen guns.

Guns are used defensively about 65,000 times each year; more than 800,000 crimes are committed wit

h guns.

Gun deaths in the U.S. number about 40,000

each year -- more than 100 deaths every day.

4) What impact have mandatory minimum sentences and "truth in sentencing" laws had on the justice system?

a. Prison overcrowding has been exacerbated. b. The prison population is also aging. c. The effect of these new sentencing laws --

aimed at ensuring that more of those who are arrested are sent to prison, receive longer sentences, and serve greater portions of those sentences -- have significant short- and long-term cost implications.

Crime in Other CountriesCrime in Other Countries

Recorded robbery in England and Wales, 1990-2002Recorded robbery in England and Wales, 1990-2002

Robbery rates are climbing in Australia but falling in the USRobbery rates are climbing in Australia but falling in the US

Part IIText & Listening

New WordsNew Words Phrases & ExpressionsPhrases & Expressions Proper NamesProper Names

NEW WORDS

numb n. having lost the power of feeling or moving 没感觉的，麻木的 garage n. building in which a car is kept 汽车库 wallet n. leather pocket-case for paper money, cards, etc. 皮夹 vaguely ad. not clearly 模糊地 vague a. annoy vt make rather angry 使恼怒 gunman n. a man armed with a gun, esp. a criminal or terrorist 持枪歹徒 Shrubbery n. low bushes forming a mass or group 灌木丛 release vt set free 松开；释放 split vt divide into parts 劈开 split second very brief moment of time; instant 瞬间，一刹那 trigger n. 扳机 crouch vi. lower the body to the ground 蹲伏 absurdly ad. foolishly; ridiculously 愚蠢地，荒唐可笑地 absurd a. melodramatic a. exciting in effect, often too much so to be thought real 感情夸张；闹剧

式的 plea n. asking for sth with strong feelings 恳求 specific a. definite; not general 明确的；具体的 flee v. run away (from) 逃走；逃离 baseball n. 棒球（运动） bat n. 球棒，球拍

cop n. (informal) policeman noodle n. (usu. pl.) 面条 stiff a. severe 严厉 criminal n. someone who has broken the law 罪犯 penalty n. punishment 惩罚 rage n. great anger 狂怒 contented a. satisfied; happy 满足的 last vi. go on cozy a. warm and comfortable 暖和舒适的 ill-tempered a. (often) angry or annoyed 脾气坏的；易怒的 ado n. trouble and excitement 忙乱 hopeless a. giving no cause for hope; very bad or unskilled 没有希望的；无能的 identification n. 鉴别 identify vt horrify vt frighten; shock very much 使恐怖；使震惊 detail n. small, particular fact 细节 matter-of-fact a. concerned with the facts; practical 注重事实的；讲究实际的 sheepish a. foolish or embarrassed by awareness of a fault 局促不安的 trail vi. grow gradually weaker, dimmer, etc. jerk vt pull or lift suddenly 猛拉；猛抬 replay vt play (match, recording, etc.) over again 重放 glove n. 手套 relive vt experience again, esp. in the imagination intelligent a. clever; rational 聪明的；明智的 response n. action done in answer; answer 反应；回答 respond vi. security n. safety, freedom from danger or fear 安全，平安 secure a. illusion n. false perception; (the seeing of) sth that does not really exist 错觉 ; 幻觉

PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS pull out (of): move out (of) （车，船等）驶出 have (get, catch): hold of 抓住 bring back: restore, reintroduce 恢复 clean up: clean thoroughly and remove anything unwanted 彻底打扫；整肃 turn out: appear; come or go out to see or do sth 出来，出动 in force: in large numbers 大批地，人数众多地 much ado about nothing: a lot of unnecessary explaining, of excitement ab

out things not serious or unimportant 无事生非；小题大作 come to: reach (a particular point) in explaining, etc. 谈到（某一点） agree on: have the same opinion on in detail: giving a lot of facts 详细地 trail off: (voice, etc.) become gradually weaker and fade into silence （声音

等）逐渐变弱 no way: 不可能 prepare for: get ready for end up: 结束，告终

PROPER NAMESPROPER NAMES

Ruth Reichl 露丝 . 赖克尔 Jeremy 杰里米 ( 男子名 )

Part III

New Words and Expressions

1. My mind went numb when 1. My mind went numb when I ...: I lost all my senses or the I ...: I lost all my senses or the power to think when I...power to think when I... go: (used as linking verb) become; get to be Examples: --Father went red with anger. -- The milk has gone sour. -- You see. my hair has gone gray. numb: having lost the power of feeling or moving Examples: -- The mother was numb with grief. -- The little Match Girl's fingers went numb with cold.

• 2. pull out:2. pull out: leave; move away• Examples:• -- The train pulled out of the station.• -- The driver of the car pulled out from

behind the truck.

3. This can't be happening to me.: It's 3. This can't be happening to me.: It's impossible that this is happening to impossible that this is happening to me.me.

(Or: I can't believe this is happening to me. )(Or: I can't believe this is happening to me. )

Negative deduction about a present event can Negative deduction about a present event can be expressed by "can't‘ or "couldn't" with the be expressed by "can't‘ or "couldn't" with the present infinitive of the verb "be".present infinitive of the verb "be".

Examples: --It can't be true. She must be mistaken. --He can't/couldn't be still reading the book. I gave it to him ages ago and it's a quite

short book.

4. I remember being vaguely annoyed when ...:4. I remember being vaguely annoyed when ...: I remember that I was slightly angry for no definite reason when ...

vague: not clear in shape or in form; not clearly described.

Examples: -- The girl looked up, gave me a vague answer,

and went back to the fashion magazine she was reading.

--I haven't the vaguest idea who she is. --The mountain peak is seen vaguely in the fog.

annoy:annoy:(1) make rather angryExamples: --Julie was annoyed with/at Joanna for

applying for the same job. --Julie was annoyed to learn that Joanna

had gotten that position. --She was annoyed with her husband

because he forgot her birthday.(2) disturb; troubleExamples: --The flies keep annoying me. --We were constantly annoyed by the

noise outside.

5. release: 5. release: (I) set freeExamples: -- He was released from hospital after a week's treatment. -- it is hard for someone newly released from prison to find a decent jo

b. -- Sometimes death releases a patient from suffering. (2) allow (hews) to be known or published; allow (goods) to be put on sal

eExamples: -- President Nixon resigned after the Watergate tapes had been releas

ed by the press. -- The film star made a personal appearance at the releasing ceremon

y of her new film. (3) loosenExample~: -- In panic he released the handlebar of his bicycle. --The train gathering speed, he had to release her hand and say good

bye.

6. the split second:6. the split second: the very brief moment of time split (spilt, split): ( v.) (1) (cause to) divide into parts Examples: -- She split with him after a bitter quarrel. -- The party was split into several small groups. -- Can we split the atom further'? (2) (cause to) break Examples: --My father is out splitting logs. --His pants were split at the seams. (n. ) splitting; tear made by splitting Examples: --He has no wife to sew up the split in the trousers for

him, so he asks the landlady for help. -- The split in the party was soon disclosed by the press.

7. I didn't crouch behind it b7. I didn't crouch behind it but screamed instead.:ut screamed instead.: Instead Instead of crouching behind it (the car), of crouching behind it (the car), I screamed.I screamed.

instead: as an alternative or instead: as an alternative or substitutesubstitute

Examples:Examples: -- If Harry is not well enough to -- If Harry is not well enough to

go with you, take me instead.go with you, take me instead. -- It was too hot for jogging, so -- It was too hot for jogging, so

we went swimming instead.we went swimming instead.

8. there was something absurdly melodramatic 8. there was something absurdly melodramatic about screaming, "Help, help!"about screaming, "Help, help!"

It seemed somewhat ridiculous and excessively dramatic in a stupid way to scream "Help. help!"

9. specific:9. specific:• (1) detailed and preciseExamples: -- His boss left specific instructions/orders as to

what he should do next, -- What are your specific aims in visiting our univ

ersity?• (2) relating to one particular thing, etc.; not g

eneralExamples: --Each painter has his specific style. -- The word can only be used in specific situatio

ns.

* Here the "houses " are personified. What the author really means is that the people behind the doors were indifferent to what was happening outside and were reluctant to help.

10. the houses were cold,10. the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly:closed, unfriendly:

11. stiff:11. stiff: (1) severeExamples: --Cheaters (or: Cheats) on the exam received a stiff

warning/punishment from the university. -- There should be stiffer penalties for child abusers. (2) not easily bent or changed in shapeExamples: -- The principal always keeps a stiff upper lip while at school. -- My legs grew stiff after a long walk. (3) (of manners, behavior) formal; unfriendlyExamples: -- Emma was unfavorably impressed by the man who gave her a stiff

bow. -- The old lady was quite stiff with her new neighbors. (4) hard to do; difficultExamples: -- They were stiff all over from the stiff climbing. -- The book is stiff reading.

12. bringing back the death penalty:12. bringing back the death penalty: In July. 1972 the US Supreme Court ruled that

capital punishment, or the death penalty, was "cruel and unusual punishment". Some states have since done away with capital punishment. Others greatly limit its use. But in July 1976 the Court ruled that capital punishment was constitutional under certain circumstances. States were then free to impose the death penalty according to the Court's guidelines. Many states therefore have brought back the death penalty. The State of California, in which our story sets, abolished capital punishment for a while, but then brought it back some time in the mid-80s.

bring back:bring back: restorerestoreExamples:Examples: -- The fresh air in the mountains -- The fresh air in the mountains

would bring back her strength.would bring back her strength. -- The doctor has brought him -- The doctor has brought him

back to health.back to health. --Many American citizens are in --Many American citizens are in

favor of bringing back capital favor of bringing back capital punishment.punishment.

13. clean up the country: put an 13. clean up the country: put an end to crime and corruptionend to crime and corruption

14. rage:14. rage: great angerExamples: -- The father flew into

a rage when he learned his son had tailed again in the math exam.

-- Othello killed his wife in a fit of rage.

-- She turned her rage on the family cat.

15. contented:15. contented: satisfied; happy

Examples:

-- The baby girl slept in her mother's arms with a contented smile.

-- He leads a contented life among his four walls of books.

-- How can you be contented with such a life?

16. cozy:16. cozy: warm and comfortable

Examples:

-- I miss the cozy evenings beside the fireplace.

-- The fur coat will keep you cozy in winter.

17. What good would guns have been to 17. What good would guns have been to Jeremy and me?:Jeremy and me?: Even if Jeremy and I had had guns with us, they would not have done any good to us.

What good is ... ?/What's the good of .,. ?: What is the use of ... ?

Examples:

-- What good is money to a person when he is dying?

-- What is the good of explaining the matter to him if he turns a deaf ear to you?

18. the police turned out in force: the police 18. the police turned out in force: the police arrived on the scene in large numbers turn arrived on the scene in large numbers turn out:out: appear; be present

Examples: -- The whole city turned out to welcome the

Olympic heroes and heroines. -- The weather prevented people from turning

out to watch the sports meet.

19. ... we were hopeless when it came to 19. ... we were hopeless when it came to identification.:identification.: ... we were unable to provide any useful information when asked about how old the criminals might be, what they looked like, etc

hopeless: feeling no hope, giving or promising no hopeExamples: -- Their position is hopeless. -- With scientific progress, ,AIDS will stop being a

hopeless disease. come to: concern; become a matter about (usually used

in the phrase "when it comes to")Examples: -- When it comes to physics I know I'd better shut up. --Joe is not good at sports, but when it comes to

arithmetic he is the best in the class.

20. detail:20. detail: (n.) small, particular fact(n.) small, particular factExamples:Examples: --After a cup of hot tea. she was able to tell --After a cup of hot tea. she was able to tell

what had happened in greater detail.what had happened in greater detail. --The scientist went over every detail of his --The scientist went over every detail of his

paper before publishing it.paper before publishing it. -- I won't go into details in the aspect -- I won't go into details in the aspect

because you can find all about it ill your because you can find all about it ill your textbook.textbook.

(v.) describe fully(v.) describe fullyExamples:Examples: -- Her last romance was fully detailed in the -- Her last romance was fully detailed in the

biography.biography. -- She detailed in her letter every piece of -- She detailed in her letter every piece of

furniture in her new apartment.furniture in her new apartment.

21. trail off:21. trail off: become increasingly weaker and fade away eventually

Examples:

-- Her voice trailed off to a whisper.

-- Before the intimidating glare of the headmaster, the young boy's words trailed off into silence.

22. last:22. last: go on; be enough (for)

Examples:

-- How long will the rain season last?

-- Our water won't last long. We must find a way out of the desert.

23. relive:23. relive: live through or undergo again

Examples:

-- She relived the scene of their good-by.

-- That was an experience I should not like to relive.

24. no intelligent response to a gun:24. no intelligent response to a gun: there is no clever reaction to a gun

• intelligent: clever; wise Examples: -- Some scientists believe that there is intelligent life existing

beyond the solar system. --To my disappointment, the intelligent looking girl was unable

to give intelligent answers to my questions.• response: (1) action done in answer Examples: -- The Government acts quickly in response to inflation. -- The medical student observed closely the response of

ailing white rats to specific drugs. (2) Answer Examples: --My letter of complaint brought no response. --His response to his critics was silence.

25. end up:25. end up: reach a final situation (by dreach a final situation (by doing sth.); finish; come to an endoing sth.); finish; come to an end

Examples:Examples: --Each time she tried to argue with her --Each time she tried to argue with her

husband, she ended up crying her eyehusband, she ended up crying her eyes out.s out.

--If you continue stealing, you will sure--If you continue stealing, you will surely end up in prison.ly end up in prison.

26. Security is an illusion; there is no safety in locks or in guns.: No one is in fact secure; even if you have locks and guns, you are not safe from danger.

Security: safetyExamples --It is the duty of the United Nations Security

Council to maintain the peace and order in the world.

--Children who lack the security of parental care are mentally unstable.

--Ancient people had no security from/against natural disasters.

illusion: false perception; sth that does not really exist

Examples

--Mental patients frequently have illusions of grandeur.

--The mirror in the fitting room gave her an illusion of slimness.

--She is under the illusion that a prince of charm will take her away on a white horse.

PART IV How to Survive a Robbery Follow instructions - do

exactly what the offender says (no more, no less)

Stay calm and quiet Avoid eye contact Do not make sudden

movements Remain inside the

workplace - do not chase the offender

How to Survive a Robbery• Show your hands - if you

must move, keep your hands where the offender can see them. Advise the offender what you are doing before you move

• Do not attack the offender

• Take mental notes - if it is safe to do so, note as much as you can about the offender (e.g. height, hair and eye color, physical condition, special marks or tattoos)