Collective work from Columbia University 2013

1

COLLECTIVE WORK FROM COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY2013

5

TRANSPORTATION meTro Tro

ENERGY Refurbanism

DEVELOPMENT Consolidating Edison

CLOSED LOOP Restoring the Garden of Eden

SOCIAL EQUITTIES Aima Bridge

AGRICULTURE Seeding Democracy

..............................06

..............................24

..............................38

..............................49

..............................58

..............................64

CONTENTS

TRANSPORTATION

06

meTRO-TRO : Kumasi, GhanaTowards a Collaborative Network City: Al Sakha Eiman, Le Kevin, Leung Andrew, Makkiya Noor

Transport infrastructure and urban management (access) is in a state of crisis. Kumasi, Ghana is expected to double its population from 2.4 million inhabitants to 4.7 million inhabitants by 2030. With the influx in population: health, sanitation, waste, and the economy must be understood as inseparable from the question of efficient transportation and access. Native to Ghana, the TRO-TRO is a mid-size vehicle that seats 10-15 people has emerged as the only affordable physical and social infrastructure. As a privately-owned mini bus that functions as a shared taxi, 70% of Ghanaians use the TRO-TRO as a primary means of transportation. The efficiency the network is questioned to maximize the system to its full potential. As the city expands, mass transit is in favor of the TRO-TRO for its means of access and affordability. Rapid Bus Transit

08

and the implementation of a secondary ring road is not a feasible solution as opposed to a Rapid TRO-TRO Transit and networked intermodal and infrastructural hubs. By understanding this mode of transportation, METRO-TRO can become an efficient way to navigating the city.Recent development of Ghana, but more particularly Kumasi, has been catered around the notion of automobile and the determination towards a car-centric community. A once British colony the use of the automobile as a primary means of transportation has had its impact both in pros and cons. As an efficient means of transportation, air quality and congestion have impacted the lifestyle of Ghanaians. Currently seen as a traffic spiral, as land use becomes dedicated to roads an immediate effect of emissions, noise, accidents, and traffic reduce the attraction for pedestrian access.The goals are to provide a network for the city of Kumasi that would reduce traffic congestion through multi-scalar infrastructural investments. We see the opportunity of the existing mode of transportation, the TRO-TRO, used by Ghanaians as a means of sustainable public transportation. Through points of intersections, the proposed network is a metropolitan transportation network map for the City of Kumasi. Based around efficiency and proximity to health centers, markets, and tourist locations (all of which induce traffic), the intermodal points become transportation hubs that grows in phases based on its success to adjacent communities. Investment occurs by acknowledging the branding qualities of telecom industries. By allowing them to advertise on the TRO-TRO and other on-site infrastructures (water, waste, and civic), the initial funding could allow the TRO-TRO station to have protective canopies for shading and energy harvesting (water and solar capturing).

From the community’s point of view, Ghanaians will have the opportunity to recycle for social credit. Currently, household waste is burned outside of residences contributing to poor air quality and respiratory illnesses amongst the population. If Ghanaians practiced safe disposal, the quality of air and overall lifestyle could increase a healthy community. Equipped at all TRO-TRO stations, Ghanaians can recycle trash for TRO-TRO fare credits, water dispensing, groceries, or phone credits (from telecom industries). Branded as ‘Fare Opportunities for Fair Trading” could a closed-loop system allow benefits for both constituencies?

dedicated lane

informal laneproposed arc roadtro-tro stop

intermodal hub

main station

dedicated tro-tro stop

Mi

material recoverycentersmall sorting facility SSF

MRC

GENERAL SYMBOL

clinic (131)

district health doctorate (1)

district hospital (2)

health center (20)

hospital (general) (45)

hospital (regional) (1)

maternity home (59)

teaching hospital (1)

HOSPITAL TYPES

other1 CENTRAL MARKET (KEJETIA MARKET)2 ASAFO MARKET3 AIRPORT4 BABA YARA STADIUM5 JUTE FACTORY6 COCA COLA BOTTLING COMPANY7 GUINNESS BREWING COMPANY8 ADM COCOA9 KUAPA KOKOO UNION10 SHOE FACTORY11 GOLDEN TULIP12 MOTOR PARK

civic1 PREMPEH ASSEMBLY HALL2 PUBLIC LIBRARY3 GHANA ARMED FORCES MUSEUM4 KMA5 CENTRE FOR NATIONAL CULTURE

landscape1 50 JUBILEE PARK2 GOLF COURSE3 CHILDREN’S PARK4 NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN5 BOTANICAL GARDEN

churches1 CENTRAL MOSQUE2 ST. PETER’S BASCILICA3 WESLEY METHODIST CATHEDRAL4 SOLDIERS OF CHRIST

MINISTRIES5 SUAME CATHOLIC CHURCH6 CHURCH OF PENTECOST7 GOSPEL AMBASSADORS CHURCH8 PATASI PENTACOST CHURCH9 BROTHERHOOD CHURCH10 SOUTH SUNTRESO ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH11 ASHTOWN BAPTIST CHURCH12 AHODOWO MOSQUE

education1 KNUST (KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY)2 TECHNICAL INSTITUTE3 KUMASI POLYTECHNIC4 OPOKU WARE SCHOOL5 WESLEY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION6 KUMASI SECONDARY SCHOOL

POINTS OF TOURISM

market

LEGEND

10

4

1

2

5

5

4

1

3

2

5

6

2

8

3

1

4

9

7

12

11

10

2

5

4

3

6

1

2

1

3

5

6

7

8

910

12

11

4

AIRPORT

ASAWASEEJISU

EFFIDUASE

NITONSO

MANHYIA

SUAMEBANTAMA

toSUNYANI

toCOTE

D’IVOIRE

toTAKORADI

toBEKWAI

toCAPE COAST

toACCRA

toTAMALE

toMAMPONG

KWADASO

NHYIAESO

ASOKWA

SUBIN

OFORIKROM

KNUST

*

ASOKORE MAMPONG

*

JUABEN

TAFO

dedicated lane

informal lane

proposed arc road

tro-tro stop

intermodal hub

main station

hospitals

dedicated tro-tro stop

M

i

compactor truck

waste haulage

skip loader with container

tractor loaderroll on/off

bola taxi truck

manual bicycle/or motor bike

wheel barrel

LEGEND5KM1KM0 large waste truck route small waste removal route WASTE TRANSPORT

11

i

i

i

i

ii

i

M

AIRPORT

ASAWASE

MANHYIA

SUAMEBANTAMA

toTAKORADI

toBEKWAI

toTAMALE

toMAMPONG

KWADASO

NHYIAESO

ASOKWA

SUBIN

OFORIKROM

TAFO

M

AIRPORT

ASAWASE

MANHYIA

SUAMEBANTAMA

toTAKORADI

toBEKWAI

toTAMALE

toMAMPONG

KWADASO

NHYIAESO

ASOKWA

SUBIN

OFORIKROM

TAFO

less CO²95%95%

TAXI

taxi12%12%

less vehiclesduring peak 29K 29K

reducedtraffic

dedicatedlanduse

REDUCED

emissions

REDUCED

landuse for

parking

SHIF

T FRO

M

CAR

TO

PEDES

TRIA

N

TRAF

FIC

INCR

EASE

D

ATTR

ACTI

ON

ACCE

SS

13%13%car

71%71%tro-tro

reduce in traffic-64%-64%

SHA

RED

RAP

ID TRANSIT WITH PRIORITY ACCESS

TRAFFIC IN KUMASI 2012

VEHICULAR

landuse dedicated for roads

shift from

pedestrain

to car

more vehicular

traffic

increas

ed

distanc

es to

residen

tial

work

leisure

reduced

pedestr

ian,

bycicle, a

nd

public a

ccess

emissions

noise

accidents

traff

ice

incr

ease

d

TAXI

30cars30

cars

per 30 people

taxipeople take

tro-troin peak hours

27%27%13%13%

101K101K

57%57%

tro-tro per30 people

total estimated vehicles in 2013

206K206K

increase in car ownership

9.4%9.4%

CO²

annualincrease

7%7%

car

tro-tro

22

The city of Kumasi has adopted the car centric model that colonization time has offered. The annual increase in car ownership has been escalating to reach at 9.4% in 2012. The low capacity of car ownership is accompanied by a resilient inherent system of the shared taxi “Tro-Tro”. They serve over 101,000 commuters in Kumasi during peak hours alone! Cars serve a much lower number of people and is responsible for 7% of the carbon emission.

By switching to the Tro-Tro transport system we will be able to reduced traffic crisis to 64%. One realizes that the aforemen-tioned infrastructure will also be related to many other physical and social layers of the city including health access, and waste management. Most importantly, economy would advance if the gain of man hours due to the new efficient transportation infrastructure.

12

PRESENT CAR DILEMMA RAPID Z SYSTEM AND THE FUTURE OF KUMASI

3 6 9 12PM 3 6 9

SUN

MON

TUE TRASH DAY (TYPICAL SCHEDULE FOR TUESDAYS + FRIDAYS)

WEEKDAY (TYPICAL SCHEDULE FOR MONDAYS + WEDNESDAYS + THURSDAYS

WEEKEND (TYPICAL SCHEDULE FOR SATURDAYS + SUNDAYS)

EMERGENCY TAXI BICYCLIST PEDESTRIANSINGLESCHOOLFREIGHTWASTE TRO-TROTRO-TRO

M M

i i

i

i

i

i

M

i i

i

i

i

i

M M

i i

i

i

i

i

M

EMERGENCY VEHICLES ALWAYS HAVE PRIORITY

WEEKDAY TYPICALBETWEEN 5TO10AM + 2TO6PM

WEEKEND TYPICALBETWEEN 8AMTO6PM

6

7

5

4

3

2

front air conditioner

padded safe interiors

catalytic converter

overheadexpansion

rear air conditioner

overhead racks

liquified petroleumgas tank

1

1

2

4

5

6

7

3

13

mar

ke

t sales in kilogram

s

porta

ble bottles in liters

talki

ng minute credits

tro

-tro ticekts inGHC

tro-tro

developer

kma

social credits

water

groceries

phone

tro-tro fare

TRO-TRO C

OMM

UNIT

Y

LOC

AL

BU

SIN

ESSES

NEI

GHBORHOOD RESIDENTS

ASAFO MARKET

go metro-tro

corporate sponsorship for social awareness

social capital credits to be used at various infrastructures

14

PRESENT CAR DILEMMA

The upper diagram shows a private public partnership between KMA, international investors and local businesses. International investors can receive advertising and real estate incentives due to the added value of transit hub stations. The telecom industry could be a potential investor for marketing due to their ubiquitous presence in Ghana. KMA could provide two policies that could incentivize the tro-tro industry. First would be a fixed salary provided by KMA for drivers only during peak hours. On off-peak hours drivers can maintain to their own routes. A fair for fare trade system will be social credit opportunity in exchange for proper trash disposal to increase peak time ridership. In addition KMA could subsidize upgrading tro-tro vehicles will help private business owners transition into the rapid transit market.The policy of fair for fare trading would encourage peo-ple to dispose their waste and put a value on garbage. In exchange Ghanians would receive social credit such as tro-tro fares, phone credits, portable water, or gro-ceries. These credits could be subsidized by KMA and paid by private tro-tro station developers. Is would help keep stations clean and maintained on a daily basis. Other local businesses and nearby markets could also re-ceive incentives to maintain the efficiency of tro-tro stations. Local businesses adjacent to stations could receive certain tax breaks if they participate to clean up stations. Tro-tro station owners could hire area boys that provide escort services to allow for efficient passenger flow and also to reduce informal markets within the rapid transit system.

mar

ke

t sales in kilogram

s

porta

ble bottles in liters

talki

ng minute credits

tro

-tro ticekts inGHC

tro-tro

developer

kma

social credits

water

groceries

phone

tro-tro fare

TRO-TRO C

OMM

UNIT

Y

LOC

AL

BU

SIN

ESSES

NEI

GHBORHOOD RESIDENTS

ASAFO MARKET

go metro-tro

01 02 03 04community brings trash

user interacts with display

scale to weigh for quantity of recyclables

area consultant transfers trash in designated bins

05 once full, trash is taken to collection station

01

02

03

04 05

15

INTERMODALE HUB (MARKET FOR GOODS & IDEAS)

16

The proposed hub is located at the CBD area on an existing informal Tro Tro stop. The neighboring Asafo market could serve in conjunction with the proposed Tro Tro station. The first phase includes two canopy structures, a ticketing booth and devel-oper perimeter investment. The second phase would expand the area of the station. Therefore, a market expansion at the Asafo market would become nec-essary. The third phase, would encourage invest-ment in the areas adjacent to the market and station.

20

6

78

9

10

11

12

13

14

1516

16

17

17

18

19

20

21

22

22

22

2

1

3

4

5

1 Clinic2 Shops3 Waste Receiving Point4 Public Restrooms 5 Material Recovery Center 6 On-Station Development7 Dispatcher Zone8 Tro Tro Parking 9 Ticketing And Information Kiosk10 Entry Point 11 Command Center 12 On Site Development 13 Parking14 Dispatcher Zone 15 On Site Development 16 Informal Market 17 Informal Market Kiosks 18 Cafe 19 Information Kiosk20 Market Sheds 21 Internet Cafe 22 Mixed Use Developer Investment

10’ 20’ 50’

45

67

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

2122

3

2

1

4

5

6

78

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

16

17

17

18

19 19

19

19

4444

20

2122

22

22

3

2

1

21

6

78

9

10

11

12

13

14

1516

16

17

17

18

19

20

21

22

22

22

2

1

3

4

5

1 Clinic2 Shops3 Waste Receiving Point4 Public Restrooms 5 Material Recovery Center 6 On-Station Development7 Dispatcher Zone8 Tro Tro Parking 9 Ticketing And Information Kiosk10 Entry Point 11 Command Center 12 On Site Development 13 Parking14 Dispatcher Zone 15 On Site Development 16 Informal Market 17 Informal Market Kiosks 18 Cafe 19 Information Kiosk20 Market Sheds 21 Internet Cafe 22 Mixed Use Developer Investment

10’ 20’ 50’

45

67

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

2122

3

2

1

4

5

6

78

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

16

17

17

18

19 19

19

19

4444

20

2122

22

22

3

2

1

ENERGY

24

REFURBANISM: Brooklyn, New YorkRefurbishing Brooklyn for an adaptive resilient and defensible urbanism Le Kevin, Makkiya Noor, He Xiaokang, Gianpapa Ellena

Decades of declining maritime activity have left parts of the city’s waterfront underutilized. Meanwhile, various insufficiencies or inefficiencies were located along the East River only to become pressured nodes within their respective systems (power plants, recycling facilities and its neighboring tech industry). How can the East River and its abandoned industrial spaces serve as a new

26

type of infrastructure that can connect these points into an intermodal system of exchange?

Refurbanism examines and curates a legacy of what are now underutilized and often abandoned hydraulic infrastructures and insufficient energy modes of productions within the city and offers through the lenses of redesigning, retrofitting, and refurbishing, an evolutionary urbanism that cultivates sustainable practice by systems of exchanges that includes algal farming for energy and conformity to the growing trend of technological industries for an adapting, resilient, and defensible Brooklyn.

Our proposal seek s to reinvent the use of the Dry Docks at the Brooklyn Navy yards. By cultivating algae within these large volumes, a green and vibrant ecosystem could thrive. Algae as a green energy has the ability to oxygenate the atmosphere by absorbing carbon dioxide and outputting clean oxygen in return. If mechanized, algae may also produce biofuels to be used within the industry at the Navy Yards.

Therefore, our envisioned landscape becomes a plane of intersecting pipes and meeting locations within the vast open network of the Dry Docks. Education can be experienced when the city’s inhabitants meander through the site. Could urban growth sprout in the legacy of post-industrial infrastructure?

1 MILE; 4 MINS.THE BROOKLYNHOSPITAL CENTER

1.8 MILE; 7 MINS.WOODHULL MEDICAL/

MENTAL HEALTH CENTER

28

BIOFUEL

WALLABOUT BAY

C02 [CARBON DIOXIDE]ALGAL COMPOSTH20 [WATER, TREATED]H20 [WATER, UNTREATED]0 [OXYGEN]

50025050

CUMBERLAND ST

OCFORD ST.

CARLTON AVE.

ADELPHI ST.

CLERMONT AVE.

VANDERBILT AVE.

CLINTON AVE.

WAVERLY AVE.

WASHINTGTON AVE.

HALL ST.

CYLM

ER ST.

KENT AVE.WYTHE AVE.

WYTHE AVE.

PORTAND AVE.

ELLIOT PL.

01

04

05

06

GREEN MANUFACTURINGPLANT

BROOKLYNGRANGE

DELTA CO-GENPOWER PLANT

BLDG.92

07

08

03

02

PUBLIC LEARNING LABS01 RAW02 PROCESSED03 TERRAFORM04 REVERSE OSMOSIS05 PLAYGROUND06 AMPHITHEATER07 LIVE/WORK-STREAD08 CEREMONIAL/SCENIC

BROOKLYN QUEENS EXPRESSWAY BROOKLYN QUEENS EXPRESSWAY

29

01 LABORATORY02 CAFETERIA03 PUBLIC LEARNING LAB04 ALGAE DOCK05 CISTERN (RAW)06 CISTERN (PROCESSED)07 WALLABOUT BAY08 ELEVATED PATHWAY09 ENTRANCE/EXIT

5’ 25’ 50’

O1

O2

08

0903

04 04

05

07

06

RAW AL

GAE TR

ANSFER

PIPES

BARGE AS ALGAE SUBSTATION

8” DIA. COLUMN

STRU

CTURE (TYP.)

TOMATOES!FL

OWERS!

RECLA

IMED

WATER TO ALGAE SYSTEM BEFORE CSO

PROPOSED GABION LANDFORM

ALGA L PIPE

S AS

FAC

ADE + SU

NLIGHT CAPTURE

COLU

MN

TO FUNCTION AS SEATING

RETROFITTING DRY DOC

KS F

OR T

HE H

ARVE

STING

OF A

LGAE

DD06

DD05

DD03

DD02

DD04

DD01

EXISTING PROPOSED

CO2 + H20 + NUTRIENTS

STAGE IV

STAGE II

STAGE III

STAGE I

CONDITIONING[GAS/WATER]

STAGE I STAGE II STAGE III

STAGE IV

CO2

NUTR

IENT

S

RECYCLED WATER

ALGAE GROWTH ALGAEHARVESTING

OILEXTRACTION

318

K SQ

.FT

475

K SQ

.FT

9,82

7 BA

RREL

S

13,426

BAR

RELS

5,612

BARR

ELS

24,818 B

ARRE

LS

17,465

BAR

RELS

26,037

BAR

RELS

THE BROOKLYN NAVYYARD’S DRY DOCKSARE CAPABLE OF

PRODUCING ROUGHLY97,186 BARRELS

OF BIO FUEL ANNUALLY197

K SQ

.FT

102

K SQ

.FT

245

K SQ

.FT

179

K SQ

.FT

01 02 03 04 05 06 01 02 03 04 05 06

DOCK 6 TO REMAIN AS SHIP REPAIR

SQ.FT.FUEL PRODUCEDCO2 ABSORBED

1,518,556 SQ.FT.97,186 BARRELS61,464,183 TONS

8,23

7,53

5TO

NS/Y

R9,82

7BA

RREL

S/YR

11,253

,394

TONS

/YR

13,426

BARR

ELS/

YR

4,70

3,83

2TO

NS/Y

R5,612

BARR

ELS/

YR

9,04

4,136

TONS

/YR

24,818

BARR

ELS/

YR

14,639

,162

TONS

/YR

17,465

BARR

ELS/

YR

179K SQ.FT

197K SQ.FT

318K SQ.FT

245K SQ.FT102K SQ.FT

475K SQ.FT

TOTAL

REFURBISH > DRY DOCKS INTO ALGAL PONDSALGAE CAN DOUBLE THEIR MASS SEVERAL TIMES A DAY AND PRODUCE AT LEAST 15 TIMES MORE OIL PER ACRE THAN ALTERNATIVES SUCH AS RAPESEED, PALMS, + SOYBEANS

30

01 LABORATORY02 CAFETERIA03 PUBLIC LEARNING LAB04 ALGAE DOCK05 CISTERN (RAW)06 CISTERN (PROCESSED)07 WALLABOUT BAY08 ELEVATED PATHWAY09 ENTRANCE/EXIT

5’ 25’ 50’

O1

O2

08

0903

04 04

05

07

06

RAW AL

GAE TR

ANSFER

PIPES

BARGE AS ALGAE SUBSTATION

8” DIA. COLUMN

STRU

CTURE (TYP.)

TOMATOES!FL

OWERS!

RECLA

IMED

WATER TO ALGAE SYSTEM BEFORE CSO

PROPOSED GABION LANDFORM

ALGA L PIPE

S AS

FAC

ADE + SU

NLIGHT CAPTURE

COLU

MN

TO FUNCTION AS SEATING

RETROFITTING DRY DOC

KS F

OR T

HE H

ARVE

STING

OF A

LGAE

DD06

DD05

DD03

DD02

DD04

DD01

EXISTING PROPOSED

CO2 + H20 + NUTRIENTS

STAGE IV

STAGE II

STAGE III

STAGE I

CONDITIONING[GAS/WATER]

STAGE I STAGE II STAGE III

STAGE IV

CO2

NUTR

IENT

S

RECYCLED WATER

ALGAE GROWTH ALGAEHARVESTING

OILEXTRACTION

318

K SQ

.FT

475

K SQ

.FT

9,82

7 BA

RREL

S

13,426

BAR

RELS

5,612

BARR

ELS

24,818 B

ARRE

LS

17,465

BAR

RELS

26,037

BAR

RELS

THE BROOKLYN NAVYYARD’S DRY DOCKSARE CAPABLE OF

PRODUCING ROUGHLY97,186 BARRELS

OF BIO FUEL ANNUALLY197

K SQ

.FT

102

K SQ

.FT

245

K SQ

.FT

179

K SQ

.FT

01 02 03 04 05 06 01 02 03 04 05 06

DOCK 6 TO REMAIN AS SHIP REPAIR

SQ.FT.FUEL PRODUCEDCO2 ABSORBED

1,518,556 SQ.FT.97,186 BARRELS61,464,183 TONS

8,23

7,53

5TO

NS/Y

R9,82

7BA

RREL

S/YR

11,253

,394

TONS

/YR

13,426

BARR

ELS/

YR

4,70

3,83

2TO

NS/Y

R5,612

BARR

ELS/

YR

9,04

4,136

TONS

/YR

24,818

BARR

ELS/

YR

14,639

,162

TONS

/YR

17,465

BARR

ELS/

YR

179K SQ.FT

197K SQ.FT

318K SQ.FT

245K SQ.FT102K SQ.FT

475K SQ.FT

TOTAL

REFURBISH > DRY DOCKS INTO ALGAL PONDSALGAE CAN DOUBLE THEIR MASS SEVERAL TIMES A DAY AND PRODUCE AT LEAST 15 TIMES MORE OIL PER ACRE THAN ALTERNATIVES SUCH AS RAPESEED, PALMS, + SOYBEANS

31

BROOKLYNTECH YARD

NOORAH’S ARK / FEMA OCCUPIED VESSEL

PURPOSEDMAIN WASTE

RECYCLEFACILITY

LESCO-GEN

QUEENPOWER STATION

LOADING DOCKFOR STUDENTS200 S.FT

1K C.FT

1K C.FT

22K C.FT

25K C.FT

BIOFUEL STATION

BIOFUEL STATION

ALGAE FIELDS,PROCESSING PLANT,ALGAL CAFETERIA.

SORTING,UNLOADINGREFURBISHING, REFINERY

CO2 LIQUEFYING FACILITY, TANKERS

TANKERS, PIPES

11K C.FT

10K C.FT CO2 LIQUEFYINGFACILITY, TANKERS

TANKERS, PIPES

0.6 FA

10 ACRE OF SERVICE

AREA

6.5 FA

SORTING,STORAGE.

ALGAE TANKERS,CO2 TANKERS.

55 C.FT44 C.FT

348K VOLUME

12 S.FT

2.4 GHz

STORAGE FACILITY

WIFI ACCESS

CONFERENCE ROOM,LIBRARY, CAFE.

CONFERENCE HALL,MUSEUM, OUTDOOR ARENA

CORNELLTECHNION

36.6 ACRE FA, 3 ALGAL TANKS

32

TECH

YARD

CORNNEL

SILICON

POWER PLANTS; ENERGY

RECYCLING FACILITIESE; E-WASTE

INTER-BROROUGH PORTS

IMPORT/EXPORT PORTS

TECH CAMPUS; EDUCATION

PP

PP

PP

PP

33

- $20

PROGRAM >THE CAFETERIUM IS MERGED WITH THE REFINERY PROCESS TO PROVIDE AN EDUCATIONAL SPACE TO THE PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS FROM ALGAE. THE ALGAE INFRASTRUCTURE CIRCULATES CONCENTRICALLY THROUGHOUT THE STRUCTURE.

OPPORTUNITY F

OR CERE

MONAL EVENTS

PLANTERS TO RECEIVE

ALGAE COMPOST

GABION MESHING

PROGRAM >PU8BLIC LEARNING LABS PROVIDE EDUCATIONAL SPACES THAT CAN EXHIBIT THE INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE OF THE BROOKLYN NAVY YARDS

34

PRIMARY BY-PRODUCT

PRIMARY BY-PRODUCT

PRIMARY BY-PROD

UCT

PR

IMAR

Y BY

-PRO

DUCT

PR

IMARY

BY-PRO

DUCT

CORPORATE STAKEHOLDERS

CORPORATE STAKEHOLDERS CORPORATE

STAKEHOLDE

RS

CO

RPOR

ATE

COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERS

COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERS

COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERS COMMUNITY S

TAKEHO

LDERS

CO

MMUN

ITY

STAK

EHOL

DERS

CO

MMUN

ITY

STAK

EHOL

DERS

COMM

UNITY STAKEHOLDERS

ALGA

E SC

IENT

ISTS

AL

GAE ENGIN

EE

RS

FAMILIES

STUDENTS

TECHIES

FERRY OPERATORS

CITY PLANNER TOURISTS

TEC

H PRO

FESSION

ALS

35

DEVELOPMENT

38

CONSOLIDATING EDISON: Brooklyn, New YorkFor a tech waterfront Lee Wilber, Makkiya Noor, Kara Ela

the East River from the Lower East Side of Manhattan. The project site comprises more than 32 acres owned by Consolidated Edison, including 11 acres that currently houses decommissioned facilities.

The development of the Vinegar Hill waterfront will consolidate the operation and facilities of Consolidated Edison’s Hudson Avenue Station,

STARTUPSGREEN-TECH DUMBOBrooklyn

Navy Yard

BrooklynDowntown

Vinegar Hill

CREATIVESUSTAINABLE

LABORFORCE

TRAINING

DEVELOPMENT

SKILLS

INCOME LABOR

JOBS

RESE

ARCH

INVESTM

ENT

ECONOMICGROWTH

LAND

CAPITAL

EDUCATION

40

relocating the existing infrastructure into a more compact form within the neighborhood for its operation. Then reclaims all 32 acres of prime waterfront real estate along the East River to the city’s historic core, creating a vibrant community for all to explore. Along with the development of high- and mid-rise mixed-use building, which serves to house the businesses and professionals for their needs, and will cultivate a diversity of new uses: residences and offices blending with restaurants and shops; public parks and open spaces that invites residents, neighbors and visitors to come together.

We envision a total revitalization of Vinegar Hill’s urban waterfront focusing on commercial and residential uses supported by significant public access, recreation, cultural, hospitality and entertainment will create a better tomorrow for the neighborhood .

100% Waterfront Area

> 85%Restricted (Public)

> 10%Restricted(Private)

WATERFRONT ACCESS

< 5%Limited Access

(Visual only)

O�ce Space Occupancy Rate

100% Occupied


90% Occupied


98% Occupied

DUMBO

DOWNTO

WN

BROOKLYN N

AVY YARD

VINEGAR H

ILL

BROOKLYN TECH TRIANGLEPhase 2

Site demolition and preparation for new development

Construction of new facilities to house relocated equipment

Relocate existingequipment

CONSOLIDATED EDISONHudson Avenue Station - Consolidation Plan

DEVELOPMENT AREA

42

The Brooklyn Waterfront GreenwayProposed newGreenwaybike route

Flushing Ave.

York St.

Old Fulton St.

Gold

St.

Marshall St.

Proposed busline extension

62 57To

Pol

ytec

hnic

Inst

itute

of N

YU

69

A C High St.

Q

ProposedSubwayInterchangeStation

NDB

FYork St.

Proposed ferryterminal

To BrooklynBridge Park & Wall St.

To Schaefer Landing /South Williamsburg

TRANSPORTATION

Public Waterfront Park

Retail Corridor

Industrial base w/High-Rise Mixed-Use

II

Mid-Rise Commercial

High-Rise Commercial

Low-Rise CommercialStrip

High-Rise Commercial

Low-Rise Commercial

CC

Mid-Rise Mixed-Use/Residential

RR

ZONING

50,000 Sq FT X 7 High Rise

FAR suggested 6.5

30,000 Sq FT Low Rise

52% Comercial

38% Residential

20% residential

Building Capacity

Pocket Park

Roof Gardens

Green street

Waterfront Park

Building Capacity

Green Infrastructure

43

CLOSED LOOP

48

RESTORING THE GARDEN OF EDENthrough an adaptable system of marsh villages.

Dan Dobson, Thom Allen, Noor Makkiya, Robert Mojica

COMMUNITYDWELLINGAlwash Family

DWELLINGAllwai Family

BRIDGECOMMERCE DWELLINGSafaar Family

50

The Iraq Marshes are wetlands located in the south of Iraq, were once the largest wetland ecosystem of Western Europe and Asia. Located in the middle of a desert those marshes serviced Marsh Arabs and vast population of wildlife. Unfortunately those marshes suffered from brutal draining due to the former government act of punishment toward Shia Muslim who occupied the marshes. Prior to 2003, the marshes were drained to 10% of their original size. The marshes were deserted and the farmers were forced to migrate to the city seeking job opportunities they can’t afford

After the Iraq war many organization worked to refurbish the marshes and they succeeded in recovering part of the marshes. In our proposal we seek to rebuild the marsh villages and motivated the farmers to return to their inherited culture but how can we build a stronger and more resilient villages?

With the sacristy of water and the threat of dam construction in turkey and Syria, it would be crucial to built a resilient system were these marshes work in a closed loop system. By installing a minor integrated technologies that can store water, and energy these marshes would work more efficiently in the dry season.

RESTORING THE GARDEN OF EDEN: Basra, IraqThrough adaptive sustainable marsh villages Allen Thom,Dobson Dan, Makkiya Noor, Mojica Robert

RESTORING THE GARDEN OF EDENthrough an adaptable system of marsh villages.

Dan Dobson, Thom Allen, Noor Makkiya, Robert Mojica

COMMUNITYDWELLINGAlwash Family

DWELLINGAllwai Family

BRIDGECOMMERCE DWELLINGSafaar Family

51

Mar

sh Center Marsh Cent

er

Marshhood Marshhood

Marshhood M

arshhood

Marshhood M

arsh

hood

Tigris River

CHANNELIZEDCENTRALMARSH

AL HAWIZEHMARSH

Highway

1

1

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

789

10

7

8

9

10

2

2

mosquecommunity center

communal spacehouse plotwaste treatment plantmunicipal waste collection

market

clinicprimary schoolfootball field

Water BodiesMarsh Center Marshhoodpermanent marshseasonal Marsh

small waste collection stopmain collection stopintermodle hub

Circulation Types Stopswaterroad

Waste Agriculture People

52

Mar

sh Center Marsh Cent

er

Marshhood Marshhood

Marshhood M

arshhood

Marshhood M

arsh

hood

Tigris River

CHANNELIZEDCENTRALMARSH

AL HAWIZEHMARSH

Highway

1

1

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

789

10

7

8

9

10

2

2

mosquecommunity center

communal spacehouse plotwaste treatment plantmunicipal waste collection

market

clinicprimary schoolfootball field

Water BodiesMarsh Center Marshhoodpermanent marshseasonal Marsh

small waste collection stopmain collection stopintermodle hub

Circulation Types Stopswaterroad

Waste Agriculture People

53

1

3 4

2

WTP WTP

WTP

Sewage

Additional water

from wells

treated Water

food product

ion

water tank

solar panels

wa ter treatment

stored energy

1

34

2

Water treatment plantWater wellcommunal activity

WET SEASON DRY SEASON

waste collectionprimary schoolfootball field

stored waterwell watertreated water

Water Collection

woodengutter

insulation

adjusting angle forcollection

overflowcover

sandgravelvalveperforated effluent pipe

wateroutletW

ater Treatment Tank

Solar Panels

EnergyWater Food

extractsolar

city gridhome garden

live stockfarming

recycle

capture

54

1

3 4

2

WTP WTP

WTP

Sewage

Additional water

from wells

treated Water

food product

ion

water tank

solar panels

wa ter treatment

stored energy

1

34

2

Water treatment plantWater wellcommunal activity

WET SEASON DRY SEASON

waste collectionprimary schoolfootball field

stored waterwell watertreated water

Water Collection

woodengutter

insulation

adjusting angle forcollection

overflowcover

sandgravelvalveperforated effluent pipe

wateroutletW

ater Treatment Tank

Solar PanelsEnergyWater Food

extractsolar

city gridhome garden

live stockfarming

recycle

capture

55

COMMUNITYBRIDGEFISHERMAN VENDING DOCK TRANSPORTFISHING HARVESTING

HARVESTINGEDUCATIONDWELLINGKuraishy Family

DWELLINGHilali Family

FOOT BRIDGE DWELLINGFetuhi Family

FISHING RECREATION

56

COMMUNITYBRIDGEFISHERMAN VENDING DOCK TRANSPORTFISHING HARVESTING

COMMUNITY BRIDGE COMMERCEFISHINGVENDING TRANSPORT FISHERMANHARVESTING TRADE

57

58

SOCIAL DUALITIES

AIMAH BRIDGE: Baghdad, Iraq Makkiya Noor, Devanshi Purohit

60

In the Asian cities seminar were asked to look at public spaces, critique what issues those pub-lic spaces have and propose an intervention. I fo-cused on a bridge as a public space that connects two ethnically segregated communities and studied the complexity of the social layers that this bridge posses. One might say a good settlement must establish a sacred structure by some means so as to connect emotionally with its residents and helps its people to connect to a higher order. However there are many cases where cities consist of vari-ous rooted sacred structures like different racial and ethnic communities so the question lies on how to deal with segregated ethnic or racial communities?Aima Bridge connects two of the oldest rooted Muslim communities in Baghdad. One represent-ed the Shia community the other represented the Sunni. The deep relationship between those two communities reflected the truth about Iraq; a country consisted of many minorities that coexist-ed with each other with no issues between them.After the Iraq war terrorists tried to stir problems between the Sunni and Shia by targeting those communities. One of the most profane attacks is stamping of this Aima bridge during a Shia pilgrim-age when the Shia Muslims where passing through this bridge from the Sunni community. How can we create a safe neighborhood as urban designers?

secured publicspaceSecured Streets

Pedestrian& car bridge

Removingthe wall

Proposal (intervention)

62

Aimmah Market (umarket on weekends)

Night Bridge (at night everyday)

Water

Barrier

Security Zone1

1 1

1

1

1 2

2

2

2

31

2

3

Ashura (Bridge function as a service pathway)

69m

Existing Condition (using cars in weekdays)

63

SEEDING DEMOCRACY: IraqRestoring the black land Le Kevin, Makkiya Noor

64

AGRICULTURE

Iraq used to be the center of the “Fertile Crescent” of an-cient Mesopotamia where it is also known as the Black Land with its adjacent bodies of water and dynamic waterways, flowing rich of organic material populated throughout the region from one end to the other. Iraq had not only fed itself but also provided various parts of the world with its abundant copious harvest of grains, dates and vegetables.

66

Iraq also was well recognized with its urban farms that housed over 28 million palm trees across the na-tion. Unfortunately now grey concrete fields of devel-opments and slums are illegally invading the urban and peripheral farms of Iraq. Many reasons contributed to the encroachment on urban agriculture including gov-ernmental abuse, wars and the foreign policies that have been imposed onto Iraq’s ancient agriculture system. For example, in 2004, when former Coalition Provision-al Authority Paul Bremer III left Baghdad, he imposed ‘Order 81’ that was written to promote the patenting of seeds and the sale of genetically modified organisms, or GMOs. Prior to the U.S. invasion of Iraq, it was com-mon between Iraqi farmers to exchange seeds for better variety. “Now, under U.S. decree, to patent varieties of seed all that is necessary is to be the first to “describe” or “characterize” them. Even though technically, theIraqi farmer is not being stopped from saving and shar-ing seeds from traditional crops at this time, neverthe-less there is now also nothing stopping Monsanto, Cargill, Dow, Syngenta, Bayer and other multinationals from “de-scribing” or “characterizing” those traditional seeds, and thereby patenting those seeds in the future. And, when they do the Iraqi farmer then will be prohibited from sav-ing and sharing those seeds that have been passed down from generations, and will have to buy them from “the company store,” “trapped into a high-cost cash crop econ-omy from which he/she will find it impossible to escape.”

Desperation and poverty led the Iraqi farmers to abandon their lands and migrate to the city look-ing for other opportunities to survive. As for the farmers within urban farms in newly develop-ing cities like Karbala in the south they were also tempted to sell their lands illegally for residential and commercial developments. As for the agri-culture land on the periphery. As agriculture plays a vital role in Iraqi culture, it is necessary to see the end result. For instance, what is the result of the destruction in the agricultural infrastructure? The Main purpose of the research is to find wheth-er Iraq can restore its agriculture infrastructure and find out ways of refurbishing the traditional urban farm by proposing hybrid system between urban

68

and rural that can eventually compete with the rapid urban developments that are encroaching on the ur-ban farms. Also provide new regulations policies that can counteract the in efficiency of the current policies.

The decline in the agriculture infrastructure is leading to two main outcomes the first is the extinction of the urban farms by the rapid commercial projects in major cities, and the second is the creation of what they call “Bastana lands” slums encroached on the agriculture the peripheral agriculture land by farmer migrant whom are looking for work opportunities close to the city. By visiting those areas in the city of Karbala hope I will be able to further explore the outcomes of the rapid devel-opment on the city center and its relation to the old city fabric, I will also be exploring the slum encroachment on the peripheral farm land around the city . with the help of the municipal government in Karbala I will be studying the possibility of restructuring the agriculture infrastructure of Iraq. The country’s environment min-istry estimated in 2009 that 28 % of Iraq’s territory is composed of arable land, around 96 square miles are lost every year. Quite possibly, the main reason for im-plementing Order 81 is an attempt to advance the agri-business of Iraq but I am aiming to have basic under-standing of what exactly needs to be modernized in Iraq like integration of a new zoning typology to help protect the arable land or a deployment of techniques that can be used to improve the production and thereby encour-age the farmers to not abandon their land and sell it to the highest bidder. On my way to Karbala I will be stop-ping in Sluaimania City in the north of Iraq, there I will be meeting with Nature Iraq Foundation a none gov-ernmental organization registered in Iraq, accredited to the United Nations Environment Programmed (UNEP), with their help I will try to find current projects planned to restore and refurbish Iraq natural environment.

Karbala, a governorate of Iraq 110 kilometers (70 miles) south of Baghdad, is among the cities with a sig-nificant amount of prime farmland. The soils that have made Karbala such a strong agricultural producer cen-turies to form. Many Iraqi farmers fear that once these

soils are built upon they can never again be used for food production. In addition, Karabala is the site ofthe shrines of Imam Hussein and Abbas, who are among the most revered figures among Shiite Mus-lims, and witness millions of pilgrims visit every year. It is no surprise to see these urban farmlands converted into hotels and commercial services for these tourists.In addition to commercial development along major arterials of Karbala immigrant farm-ers and other Iraqi refuges also purchased the arable land on the periphery for the city ForTwo reasons; first due its afford ability and second its proximity to the city creating what is known for “Bas-tana slums”. The temporal houses that were built on the Bastana lands have no sanitation, no water, no roads, no education or any other services given to the inhabitants. However it would be interesting to know if the former farm land can be refurbished for agriculture production providing opportunities of hybrid system between agriculture and living

69

KARBALA BABIL

BAGHDAD JOB CREATIONAGRO-INDUSTRYLIVESTOCKWATERSEEDS

70

HEALTH

UNEMPLOYEDFARMERS

DESERT STORM

HIGHTEMPERATURE

GOVERNMENTPROJECTS

LOW-INCOMEHOUSING

COMMERCIALPROJECTS

INFRASTRUCTURE

WAR

TECHNOLOGY

SEEDSCOMPETITION

LANDLAW 81

GOVERNMENT

WATER

CONTAMINATION

URBANIMMIGRATION

PEOPLE

REAL-ESTATE OFARABLE LAND

SLUMS

SECURITYREASONS

71

5m

5m

$$INVESTMENT

EXPO

RTING

DAT

ES

VARIETY OF TREES

BYPASSING CODE 81, THE EXCHANGE OF TREES INSTEAD OF SEEDS

COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENTS RESIDE WITH BUSTAN FARMERS

TYPE 1 TYPE 2TYPE

2TYPE 1

FARM

ERS +

MIGRA

NT W

ORKERS

WOR

K TH

E LA

ND

THROUGH EXCHANGE

Collective work from Columbia University 2013

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