Collecting Societies, the Danish Model
Transcript of Collecting Societies, the Danish Model
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Dansk Journalistforbund / jan 2010
The Danish Union of JournalistsMedia & Communication
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Lone AmtrupSenior Legal Advisor
The Danish Union of JournalistsMedia & Communications
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 20102
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Collective Society
• Copydan is an umbrella organization – a joint collective society with six associations/societies
• The six associations/societies are• Writing• Cable TV (retransmission)• Blank Tapes (private copies)• AV Copies for education• Archive• Visual Art
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 20103
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Copydan WritingCopydan Writing represents copyright owners of
books, periodicals, newspapers, magazines, trade
papers, and music. The designation covers authors,
journalists, composers, and illustrators, as well as
publishing houses and other publishing activities.
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 20104
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Copydan Writing
• Agreements with institutes of education, so that the institutes can legally copy excerpts from works for teaching purposes.
• Agreements with business corporations so that they can legally copy excerpts from works for internal use.
• Once a year, Writing settles the payment of remunerations to authors and publishers, individually and direct to the copyright owners whose works have been copied.
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 2010
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Copydan Cable TV
Copydan Cable TV represents audiovisual authors, artists and producers.Associated members of the board are KODA and UBOD (Union of Broadcasting Organizations regarding cable distribution in Denmark)
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 2010
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Copydan Cable TV
Berne Convention art. 11 bis• Communication to the public of broadcasted
channels• An organisation other than the originalDanish Copyright Act – section 35 and 50• Retransmission – extended collective licIn 2003 the Danish Copyright Act was changed
and in the preliminary work is was stated that section 35 embraced both retransmission by cable (wire) and wireless (cable in the sky)
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 2010
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
The board/mandates• Board decisions are consensus based• Member organisations represented in the
board negotiate on behalf of their individual members
• Member organisations must represent a substantial number of rights holders within their category
• Base line argument: Copydan licenses areas where mass use extends the possibility for individual managementAuthors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 2010
8
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Collective Society and Legal framework
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 20109
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
History - Extended collective license
• The ECL is a nordic legal construction dating back to the 1960’ies.
• Rooted in the trade-union movement• Good experience with collective
settlements between employers and employees > settlement extended to non-represented parties.
• Cultural tradition for collective organisation and consensus agreement.
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201010
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
How• Copydan as a CMO (Collective
Mandate Organisation) must represent a substantial number of rights holders of certain types of works which are used in Denmark
• Must be approved by the Danish Ministry of Culture
• Agreements are made between users and the CMO
• Extended Collective License gives users the right to exploit the works of both represented and non-represented rights holders (extension)Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 2010
11
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Why
• Simplifies administration• Not practically possible with
individual rights clearance in relation to mass use of works
• Rights holders have difficulties administering their individual rights in relation to mass use of works
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201012
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Flow of mandates and payment
Publishers
Authors,journalists
etc.
Foreign countries
Education-/
Business
Literature,Sheet music
Other material
Newspapers
Journals, magazines
etc.
Rettigheder
Rights/man-datesWorks/
repertoirePayment
Approved by the ministry of culture as CMO
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201013
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Orphan works - the Danish solution
• Using the so-called general extended collective license in the Danish Copyright Act § 50 subsection 2.
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201014
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
The story behind
• Media policy agreement 2007-2010• Establishing a committee on the
digitization of cultural heritage• Representatives from archives,
museums, libraries, DR and TV2• Rightsholders representatives• Sub group to identify the specific
copyright issues
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201015
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
The report from the copyright sub group• the group focused on how to solve the
orphan-works problem.• The conclusion was that the solution an
extended collective license was preferable.
• The copyright sub group proposed that the Ministry of Culture initiated an amendment to the Copyright Act in line with the above
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201016
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Amendment to the Copyright Act. New provision in § 50 Subsection 2
• Users shall be able to enter into agreements with extended collective licensing effect with an organisation that represents a substantial number of rightsholders to certain types of works that are used in Denmark in the specific area of exploitation.
• The Ministry of Culture approves those rightsholder organisations
• Individual prohibition (opt-out).
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201017
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Non-represented rightholders
• The Danish Copyright Act contains a special protection for non-represented right holders.
• The rules regarding distribution of renumeration to right holders who are represented by the organisation must also apply to unrepresented rightsholders.
• Non-represented rightsholders can claim individual renumeration.
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201018
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Licensing
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201019
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Licensing is based on statistical figures
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201020
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Surveys
• Regular statistical surveys are conducted to determine how many copies have been made within each licensing area > volume > price pr. student/employee
• All licensing areas are as far as possible negotiated with a central counter part.
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201021
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Distribution
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201022
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
• Distribution in 2008: 193 mill. kr.(25 mill. Euros) to app. 30.000 individual right holders – Danish and foreign
• Distribution in 2010: 243,5 mill. kr.(32,7 mill. Euros) to app. 15.000 Danish individual right holders and 25.000 foreign right holders
• App. 4 mill. Euros to journalists from all Copydan collective societies + ½ mill. E.
Distribution
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201023
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Distribution
• Copydan Writing distributes individually
• Institutes of education and business corporations report at regular intervals what they have copied (extra copy) in what numbers
• Reportings form the basis for calculating individual payment (sampling system)
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201024
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Licensing private companies
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201025
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Licensing Corporations
• Legal Take-off-point• Copyright Act art. 14• Analogue copying and
print-outs• Internal use• Educational license is
also available for corporations
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201026
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Licensing Corporations/ Strategy
• Central negotiations, survey and license agreement in cooperation with each trade organization, e.g. The Danish Insurance Association (DIA), Danish Lawyers Association
• All members are hereafter offered to enter the agreement on the central terms.
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201027
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Strategy (top-down)
• Approach and contact corporations via trade organizations: top down campaign> motivation
• Substantiate the actual use of protected material in a certain line of business by conducting an electronic survey aimed at the individual employee.
• Survey results serves as background for negotiating a framework license with an average price per employee for the relevant line of business.
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201028
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Copydan Writing and the practical administration of agreements with extended collective licensing effect.
• Individual distribution of remuneration
• Based on reporting from users• Subsequent ”due dilligence
search”• Remuneration is also distributed
to non-represented rightsholders and to foreign rightsholders
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201029
Grafik og illustrationer placeres efter hjælpelinjer
Introduction of ECL in other countries – cultural and other issues
• The Nordic legal tradition• The cultural tradition• A high level of
organizations• Exportability of the model?• Caution is suggested
Authors' Rights in the Digital Age: A Fair Deal for Journalists, EFJ, December 11th - 12th 201030