Collapse of CommunismCollapse of Communism

What two factors caused the What two factors caused the Soviet Union’s collapse?Soviet Union’s collapse?

• Internal problemsInternal problems

• External pressuresExternal pressures

What internal problems What internal problems contributed to the collapse of contributed to the collapse of

the Soviet Union?the Soviet Union?

• Increasing Soviet military expenses Increasing Soviet military expenses to compete with the United Statesto compete with the United States

• Rising nationalism in the Soviet Rising nationalism in the Soviet republicsrepublics

• Fast-paced reforms, like the shift to Fast-paced reforms, like the shift to a market economya market economy

• Economic inefficiencyEconomic inefficiency

• Gorbachev’s policies of Gorbachev’s policies of glasnostglasnost and and perestroikaperestroika

What Republican became What Republican became president in 1981?president in 1981?

• Ronald ReaganRonald Reagan

What American president What American president called the Soviet Union “an evil called the Soviet Union “an evil

empire”?empire”?

• Ronald ReaganRonald Reagan

What president challenged the What president challenged the moral legitimacy (authority) of moral legitimacy (authority) of

the Soviet Union?the Soviet Union?

• President Ronald ReaganPresident Ronald Reagan

What was the basis of What was the basis of President Reagan’s defense President Reagan’s defense

policy?policy?

• A massive military buildupA massive military buildup

What was the effect of What was the effect of President Reagan’s military President Reagan’s military

buildup on American relations buildup on American relations with the Soviet Union?with the Soviet Union?

• It increased tension between It increased tension between the United States and the the United States and the Soviet Union.Soviet Union.

What action did President What action did President Reagan take in Western Reagan take in Western

Europe during his first term?Europe during his first term?

• Reagan placed new nuclear Reagan placed new nuclear missiles in Western Europe.missiles in Western Europe.

How did the renewal of the How did the renewal of the arms race with the United arms race with the United

States affect the Soviet Union States affect the Soviet Union during President Reagan’s during President Reagan’s

presidency?presidency?

• It forced the Soviet Union to It forced the Soviet Union to increase its military budget to increase its military budget to keep up with the United keep up with the United States.States.

What was the state of the What was the state of the communist economy in the communist economy in the

Soviet Union during the early Soviet Union during the early 1980s?1980s?

• InefficientInefficient

Who became the leader of the Who became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985? This Soviet Union in 1985? This leader was known for the leader was known for the policies of “Glasnost” and policies of “Glasnost” and

“Perestroika.”“Perestroika.”

• Mikhail GorbachevMikhail Gorbachev

What was the two-fold purpose What was the two-fold purpose of Gorbachev’s new policies?of Gorbachev’s new policies?

• 1) Revive the Soviet economy 1) Revive the Soviet economy

• 2) Reform the Soviet system2) Reform the Soviet system

What is the Russian word for What is the Russian word for openness?openness?

•GlasnostGlasnost

Name Gorbachev’s policy of Name Gorbachev’s policy of encouraging freedom of encouraging freedom of

expression in the Soviet Union.expression in the Soviet Union.

• GlasnostGlasnost

What Russian word referred to What Russian word referred to restructuring Soviet society?restructuring Soviet society?

• PerestroikaPerestroika

What types of economic and What types of economic and political changes did Gorbachev political changes did Gorbachev want to occur in Soviet society?want to occur in Soviet society?

• 1) Less government control 1) Less government control over the economyover the economy

• 2) Some private enterprise2) Some private enterprise

• 3) Steps toward democracy3) Steps toward democracy

What type of restructuring did What type of restructuring did PerestroikaPerestroika do? do?

• Economic restructuringEconomic restructuring

What expectations did What expectations did Gorbachev’s new policies raise Gorbachev’s new policies raise

among the Soviet people?among the Soviet people?

• 1) Higher standard of living1) Higher standard of living

• 2) Increased freedom2) Increased freedom

How did Gorbachev’s reforms How did Gorbachev’s reforms affect the Soviet system?affect the Soviet system?

• They placed more They placed more internalinternal pressure on communism.pressure on communism.

With what movement did With what movement did Gorbachev have to deal inside Gorbachev have to deal inside

the Soviet Union?the Soviet Union?

• Nationalism in the Soviet Nationalism in the Soviet republicsrepublics

What were the two sources of What were the two sources of externalexternal pressure on the Soviet pressure on the Soviet government under Gorbachev?government under Gorbachev?

• 1) East European satellites1) East European satellites

• 2) President Reagan2) President Reagan

What kind of pressure on the What kind of pressure on the Soviet Union did President Soviet Union did President

Reagan increase?Reagan increase?

• Military pressureMilitary pressure

• Economic pressureEconomic pressure

What countries were Soviet What countries were Soviet satellites after World War II?satellites after World War II?

• The countries of Eastern The countries of Eastern EuropeEurope

What does one call a nation What does one call a nation that is formally independent, that is formally independent,

but dominated by another but dominated by another power?power?

• A satelliteA satellite

What was the name of the What was the name of the revolutionary labor movement revolutionary labor movement

in Poland during the 1980s?in Poland during the 1980s?

• The Solidarity movementThe Solidarity movement

Who said, “Mr. Gorbachev, Who said, “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall”?tear down this wall”?

• President Ronald ReaganPresident Ronald Reagan

What structure divided East What structure divided East Berlin from West Berlin Berlin from West Berlin during the Cold War?during the Cold War?

• The Berlin WallThe Berlin Wall

What was the best known What was the best known symbol of the Cold War?symbol of the Cold War?

• The Berlin WallThe Berlin Wall

What was the communist part What was the communist part of Berlin during the Cold War?of Berlin during the Cold War?

• East BerlinEast Berlin

What was the democratic part What was the democratic part of Berlin during the Cold War?of Berlin during the Cold War?

• West BerlinWest Berlin

What government built the What government built the Berlin Wall?Berlin Wall?

• East GermanyEast Germany

Why was the Berlin Wall built?Why was the Berlin Wall built?

• To prevent people from To prevent people from escaping from communist East escaping from communist East Berlin to democratic West Berlin to democratic West BerlinBerlin

What happened to the Berlin What happened to the Berlin Wall in 1989?Wall in 1989?

• It was torn down.It was torn down.

What happened in Germany in What happened in Germany in 1990?1990?

• East Germany and West East Germany and West Germany reunited under the Germany reunited under the democratic West German democratic West German government.government.

What happened to the Soviet What happened to the Soviet Union in 1991?Union in 1991?

• It fell apart or collapsed.It fell apart or collapsed.

What were the three Baltic What were the three Baltic republics?republics?

• EstoniaEstonia

• LatviaLatvia

• LithuaniaLithuania

What action did the Baltic What action did the Baltic republics take in 1991?republics take in 1991?

• They declared their They declared their independence from the Soviet independence from the Soviet Union. Union.

What precedent did the Baltic What precedent did the Baltic republics set in 1991?republics set in 1991?

• Other Soviet republics Other Soviet republics declared their independence declared their independence from the Soviet Union.from the Soviet Union.

What political party was What political party was dismantled in the Soviet Union dismantled in the Soviet Union

in 1991?in 1991?

• The Soviet communist partyThe Soviet communist party

What action did Gorbachev What action did Gorbachev take on Christmas Day, 1991?take on Christmas Day, 1991?

• He resigned and declared the He resigned and declared the Soviet Union had ended. Soviet Union had ended.

What war, which began in What war, which began in 1945, ended by the end of 1945, ended by the end of

1991?1991?

• The Cold WarThe Cold War