Collaborating to address LOSS OF CONTROL IN … › ESAF › Documents › meetings › 2016 ›...
Transcript of Collaborating to address LOSS OF CONTROL IN … › ESAF › Documents › meetings › 2016 ›...
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Lou Nemeth, CAE Presented by Henry Defalque, ICAO
Module 2 – Day 1
UPRT in FSTDs and Aeroplanes
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Overview
• Navigating the Manual
• Core Resource Requirements
– Platforms and Mediums
– Human and Technical Requirements
• High-level ATO Impact
– Flight Schools
– Airline Training Providers
– Integrated Programs
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
ICAO Manual on AUPRT • In development since 2009
– Royal Aeronautical Society’s ICATEE
– 40 Organizations
– 80 Members
– 16 WG Meetings
• 2012: ICATEE, FAA, EASA and ICAO combined efforts (7 meetings) – LOCART
• Diversity of organizations including CAAs, OEMs and SMEs.
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Navigating ATO Relevant Sections
• Entire Manual: High level Resource
• Chapter 3: Aeroplane Training
– SMS: airplanes, ops, maneuvers and instructors
• Chapter 4: FSTD Fidelity Requirements
• Chapter 5: UPRT Instructors
– Academic / On-aeroplane / FSTD
• Chapter 6: Regulator Oversight
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
6. Regulatory Oversight
• Competency Based Training Preferred – Targeted competencies vs. events
• SMS – On-aeroplane maneuvering and aeroplane certification – Instructor competence – Avert negative training (includes sim fidelity)
• QA and SMS Evaluations – Approval process – Sustainable outcomes – Graduated UPRT integration options
• Approval and On-going Surveillance
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Considerations when developing UPRT regulations • Consider implementing a UPRT
requirement for the issue of a new CPL
• On-aeroplane UPRT requires: – Fit-for-purpose aeroplanes;
– Specially trained instructors;
– The ATO to use its SMS processes to monitor and mitigate associated risks;
– The regulator to have inspectors trained and qualified to provide adequate oversight of the UPRT programme.
6 19 Dec 2016
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Considerations when developing UPRT regulations • UPRT conducted in FSTD requires :
– Qualified FSTDs for the training tasks;
– FSTD software updates for instructor tools and select training tasks;
– Instructors to understand the limitations of the FSTDs and have experience using the necessary training tools (see Doc 9625);
– The regulator to have inspectors trained and qualified to provide adequate oversight of the UPRT programme.
7 19 Dec 2016
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Overview
• Navigating the Manual
• Core Resource Requirements
– Platforms and Mediums
– Human and Technical Requirements
• High-level ATO Impact
– Flight Schools
– Airline Training Providers
– Integrated Programs
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Core UPRT Resource Requirements
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Platforms & Mediums
• Academic Delivery – Distance learning – Live instructor-led
• On-Aeroplane – Aerobatic category – Utility vs. normal category
• Simulators – Fidelity requirements – Instructor tools
Human & Technical Resources • Qualified UPRT Instructor
– Ground instructor – Simulator instructor – On-aeroplane instructor
• Training Program – Compliant with ICAO and
resulting CAA guidance – Transferrable and
complementary to future UPRT
• SMS
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Collaborating to address
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Academic Delivery
• Web-based – Internet accessible
– Inter-browser compatible
– LMS • Track activity
• Record results (optional)
• Tablet solutions – Potentially web-
disconnected
– Tracking
• Live instructor-led – More later on ground
UPRT instructors…
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On-Aeroplane Platform
• Aerobatic capable – Availability
– Expanded all-attitude training
– Positively transferrable training
• Non-aerobatic capable – Normal vs. utility category
– Maneuvering limitations
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Why use a real aeroplane? (Part 1)
12 19 Dec 2016
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Why use a real aeroplane? (Part 2)
13 19 Dec 2016
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Simulators
• Motion vs. non-motion
• Fidelity requirements
• Enhancements
– Flight envelope for full stall training
– Instructor operating station
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
IOS VTE Depictions (Part 1)
15 19 Dec 2016
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
IOS VTE Depictions (Part 2)
16 19 Dec 2016
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Misuse of rudder during a Wake Turbulence encounter (2 videos)
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• One video is the flight crew recovery:
– A/P OFF
– Manual stick inputs oscillating side to side at max amplitude
– Big rudder inputs with reversions (sideslips> 9 deg)
– Many occupants wounded – exceeds structural load limit
• Second video has 2 animations showing both:
– Flight crew recovery – same as previous video
– Superimposed A/P recovery if left on (reconstruction)
• Available in Rev 3 Airplane Upset Prev & Recovery T.A.
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Contrasting Aeroplane & Simulator (Part 1)
18 19 Dec 2016
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Contrasting Aeroplane & Simulator (Part 2)
19 19 Dec 2016
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Collaborating to address
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Qualified UPRT Instructor
• The most crucial part of UPRT delivery – Experience level
– Positive rather than negative training (baseline)
– Averting negative transfer of training (much more difficult to accomplish)
– Qualifying requirements
• Specialized knowledge
• Specialized skills
• Error analysis
• Ground vs. FSTD vs. on-aeroplane
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Instructor Training Example
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Training Program
• Compliance with ICAO and resulting CAA guidance
• Transferrable and complementary to future UPRT
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Overview
• Navigating the Manual
• Core Resource Requirements
– Platforms and mediums
– Human and technical requirements
• High-level ATO Impact
– Flight schools
– Airline training providers
– Integrated programs
19 Dec 2016 23
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
On-Aeroplane ATO Impact • Approved program
• Appropriate training platform
• Qualified instructors
• SMS
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Airline Training Impact • Approved training program;
• Appropriate FSTD platforms for the training tasks, with instructor tools
• Qualified instructors
19 Dec 2016 25
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Integrated Programmes
• Example: MPL
– Phase 1 / 2
• On-Aeroplane UPRT
– Phase 3 / 4
• Multi-crew environment
• Non-type specific UPRT, and/or
• Type specific UPRT
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Collaborating to address
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Workshop
Take-home messages • A comprehensive approach to the implementation of UPRT using a mix of ground school, on-aeroplane and FSTD training is necessary
‒ It should be supported by SMEs
• In different States, the optimum mix will vary according to regional context, experience and resources
• Using inadequately qualified personnel (instructors & course developers) increases the risk of getting this wrong
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