Cold War Away From Home
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Transcript of Cold War Away From Home
Cold War Conflicts
US vs. USSR
Orig
ins Tensions begin to
develop during WWII when the Communist USSR and Democratic US become suspicious of what the other is up to.
Bret
ton
Woo
ds
Syst
em
1. Set up by Roosevelt to discuss global issues
a. Included all nations but the Axis powers
2. Created a number of organizationsa. World Bank- help rebuild and develop economies
b. International Monetary Fund (IMF)- help prevent trade deficitsc. US Dollar created as the
world’s reserve currencyd. Gold standard created
3. Germany is divided into four zones: British French American USSR
The
Unite
d Na
tions 1. April 25, 1945: 50
nations gather together to create this peacekeeping body2. Becomes an arena for
the two superpowers
Pres
iden
t Tru
man
1. Becomes president after the sudden death of FDR2. Honest and had a
willingness to make tough decisions
Pots
dam
Co
nfer
ence
1. First test of Truman as a diplomat2. Big Three present:
US, GB, and USSR3. US wanted new world
order4. USSR wanted controlling interest in Eastern Europea. Stalin creates satellite nations
Euro
pe D
ivide
d1. Western Europe:
Democratic2. Eastern Europe: Communist bloca. The “iron curtain”- represents the division of
Europe
Cold
War
in
Euro
pe
A conflict between the US and USSR in which neither nation directly confronts the other on the battlefield.
Cont
ainm
ent &
Th
e Iro
n Cu
rtain
1. Truman’s foreign policy becomes the US taking measures to prevent any extension of Communist rule to other countries2. Iron Curtain- the barrier
that isolated Soviet controlled Eastern European countries from Western Europe
Trum
an D
octri
ne
“it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”
a. So…aid those countries
trying to resist being controlled by communism
The
Mars
hall
Plan
1. Created to help the nations of Western Europe recover from the war by the US giving aid to those nations that needed it.
The
Berli
n Ai
rlift
1. Stalin sees opportunity to take the western held region of Berlin by creating a blockade
2. The city had only enough
food for 5 weeks3. US and GB respond by
sending planes every few minutes for 327 days
with enough supplies to help the trapped citizens
4. By 1949, Stalin had lifted the blockade
NATO
Allia
nce
1. 12 member group that was created to combat Soviet aggression
2. Becomes a defensive military alliance that includes:a. Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Canada, and the
United States
The
Col
d W
ar
Heat
s Up
(Asia
)
1. China becomes a Communist nationa. Nationalists vs. Communistb. Chiang Kai-Shek vs. Mao
Zedong2. Civil war develops after WWIIa. Eventually Mao and the
Communists push the Nationalist onto the island of Taiwan.
b. This nation is recognized by the US
Korean War
1. At end of WWII Japanese
troops surrendered on the
Korean Peninsula to both
US and Soviet troops.
2. The dividing line for who to
surrender to was the 38˚
parallel
Two
Natio
ns
Deve
lop
3. Republic of Korea (South Korea)- US zone, led by Syngman Rhee, capital in Seoul
4. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea)- Soviet zone, led by Kim Il Sung, capital in Pyongyang
Surp
rise
Atta
ck!!
5. June 1950: North Korea invades South Korea and begins the Korean War6. SK petitions UN for
help, vote passes, Truman sends troops into SK.7. Troops headed by
General Douglas MacArthur
US Fi
ghts
in
Kore
a1. MacArthur’s Counterattack
a. Used tanks, heavy artillery,
and fresh troops in an amphibious attack that pushes the troops all the way to the Chinese border
Chin
ese
Resp
ond 1. Chinese join the war
on the side of North Korea2. Push UN troops back
to 38˚ parallel
Atta
ck C
hina
!?1. MacArthur suggests
attacking China2. Rejected but troops do push to parallel
3. Creates a stalemate
MacA
rthur
vs.
Trum
an
1. Disagreed over the invasion of China
2. As a result of continued “sabotage” Truman fires MacArthur3. Then presents arguments to Congress to support
his stand on continued peace with China
Stalemate it is
1. Peace comes in 1951:
a. Cease-fire line at 38th
b. DMZ created
2. Leads to change from
Democrat to Republican
President and
3. Hunt for ‘communist’
Americans
Chan
ges i
n Po
licy
1. Shift from focus on political pressure to military pressurea. Expands European containment policies to Asiab. Developed SEATO
(Southeast Asia Treaty Organization)c. Sending aid to French
forces fighting in Vietnam