COLD WARMr. FisherUS History – 9th Grade

Origins of Cold War (Post-WWII Map)• Definition:• Causes of the Cold War

• American fear of Communism (Second Red Scare) • Russian dislike of Capitalism

• Russian fear of the atomic bomb• Felt left out during the war

• Russia’s actions in Soviet occupied Germany• Potsdam Conference: (Dealt with the punishment of Germany)

• No free elections, lim’t rights, lim’t food • Iron Curtain (Pic 1, Pic 2)

• “Barrier” created by the Soviet Union• Separated Warsaw Pact countries with NATO countries

• issue of German unification• Stalin blockades Berlin (Berlin Wall) 2 reasons

• Berlin Airlift (sent aid to East Germany by Allied Powers)

• Containment Policies (contain Communism)• Depression Dictators WWII Dictators? Communism?• Purposes:

• 1.) Influence with American ideas (Capitalism/Democracy, not Comm.)• 2.) Long-term benefits (i.e. trade)

• Truman Doctrine ($$ to Greece/Turkey)• Marshall Plan ($$ rebuilding of Europe post-WWII)

“Hotter” War – Containment Policies• China:

• The Long March• Communists (Mao Zedong) vs. Nationalists (Chiang Kai-shek)

• US supports Nationalists ($2 billion in aid), but CONTAINMENT failed• Communist victory (Zedong victor)

• Korean War (The Forgotten War – 1950-1953)• Korea ruled by Japan from 1910-WWII (forced to give back possessions)

• Peace agreement - Soviet Union obtained north, US allies to obtain South• Soviet Union and China (North Korea) vs. United States (South Korea)

• Cease-fire issued by the Soviet Union• Positive – communism contained, no nuclear weapons• Negative – broken Korea nation split in two (North and South Korea)

• Vietnam War (1959-1975)• Once part of French Empire – weakened around WWII

• Vietnamese want land rid of foreigners led by Ho Chi Minh (Communist)• North Vietnam (China, Russia) vs. South Vietnam (US and allies)• Impact:

• One of the largest antiwar movements• US loss – take a lesser role in foreign affairs

• North Vietnam victor (capture of Saigon – containment fails)• War Powers Act

• President cannot commit troops for more than sixty days

• Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) (picture)• Cuban Revolution – Communist (Fidel Castro)• US missiles in Turkey – hit anywhere in Russia• Soviets counters - missile bases in Cuba

• US issues a blockade of Cuba• Results: Missiles removed from Turkey and Cuba

“Hotter” War – Containment Policies• Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1989)

• Afghan – Islam rule but coup changed to communist rule (Comm. Ideas)• Soviets invaded Afghan. to maintain communist ruler

• Success with modern technology (helicopter vs. ground troops)• US supporting groups (mujahideen - resistance)

• Successful at beating back Soviet expansion• Al-Qaeda headed by Osama bin Laden

• Leader of the 9/11 attacks• Effects:

• Soviet's = fail• Communism contained

Effects and Ending of Cold War• End of the Soviet Union (creation of Russia)

• Soviet Union economy in shambles (went bankrupt)• Costly arms race and race to space• Failed Afghan war (“the Soviet Union’s Vietnam”)

• New leadership:• Gorbachev to rid of oppressive/communist rule• Change to capitalist econ.

• United States as #1 superpower• Fall of the Berlin War• Reunification of Germany