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I

CONFERENCE OBJECTIVES

ICSCPM 2018, The Second International Conference on Sustainable Construction and

Project Management, Egypt aims to bring together leading academic researchers and

Industry experts to exchange and share the state of the art of Sustainable Construction and

Project Management; Focusing on Sustainable Infrastructure and Transportation for future

cities.

The conference provides an interdisciplinary forum for researchers, practitioners and

educators to present and discuss the most recent trends, innovations, concerns and best

practices in managing construction portfolios, programs, projects, challenges encountered

and the solutions adopted in the field of sustainable Construction and Project Management.

II

CONFERENCE THEMES

1- Facility Management and Sustainable Infrastructure

2- Green Buildings and Building Information Modeling

3- Project Management

4- Sustainable Design & Construction Techniques

5- Solid Waste Management

6- Transportation Planning

III

CONFERENCE COMMITTEES

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Ass. Prof. Anwar Mahmoud

Dr. Ahmed Afify

Ass. Prof. Ghada Diaa Abdel-Hameed

Dr. Ireny Beshara

Dr. Sahar Shahat

Dr. Wafaa Mohamed

Eng. Salma Saber

Eng. Khaled Hasan

Mrs. Laila Elokaily

Mr. Mohamed El Sayed

Mr. Ahmed Abd Elaal

Public Relations Team Mr. Hazem Abou El-taher

Mr. Ahmed Rady

Mr. Moustafa Mekawy

Technical Support Team

Eng. Mahmoud Bakry

Mr. Ahmed Ezzat

Mr. Medhat Sami

Scientific Committee

Prof. Adel El Samadoni (EGYPT)

Prof. Ahmed Abdel-Rahim (USA)

Prof. Ahmed Rashed (EGYPT)

Prof. Amr Ezzat Salama (EGYPT)

Prof. Baris Salman (USA)

Prof. Emad El Beltagie (EGYPT)

Ass. Prof. Emad Elwakil (USA)

Prof. Fouad Fouad Helmy (USA)

Prof. Hesham Abd El Khalek (EGYPT)

Prof. Hesham Osman (EGYPT)

Prof. Hossam Elborombaly (EGYPT)

Prof. Ibrahim Abd El Rashid (EGYPT)

Prof. Karim EL Dash (EGYPT)

Ass. Prof. Maged Ezzat Georgy (AUSTRALIA)

Prof. Manal Abdelhamid (EGYPT)

Prof. Osama Ahmed Hosny (EGYPT)

Prof. Osama El Sayed Moselhi (CANADA)

Prof. Sam Salem (USA)

Prof. Talat Salama (USA)

Ass. Prof. Tarek Attia (EGYPT)

Prof. Zinab Salah Eldeen (EGYPT)

IV

Table of Contents Keynote Lectures:

Lecture Title / Authors Page No.

Sustainable Development

Prof. Farouk ElBaz 1

Smart Tools for Sustainable Infrastructure

Prof. Osama Moselhi 2

Simulation Modeling for Construction Projects

Prof. Simaan M. Abourizk 3

Disruptive Technologies: The Future of Construction and Infrastructure Development

Prof. Sam Salem 4

General Lectures:

Lecture Title / Authors Page No.

Public Private Partnership for Public Utilities

Eng. Atter Hannoura 5

Role of Public Private Partnerships in addressing the US Infrastructure Spending Gap

Prof. Laura J. Steinberg 6

From Connected Vehicle to Smart Cities – Are we Ready for the Next Generation

Transportation Infrastructures?

Ahmed Abdel-Rahim 7

Sustainability and Civilization Rights to Build Civilization:

Chance - Change – Challenge

Prof. Ahmed Rashed 8

Theme (1): Facility Management and Sustainable Infrastructure: Paper Code

Paper Title / Authors Page No.

SM11 DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS for ASPHALT ROADWAYS

Baris Salman, Sam Salem, Song He 9

SM17

THE CHALLENGES of MANAGING PUBLIC HOUSING PROJECT; THE

DILEMMA of OLD PROJECTS

Azza A. Sirry

10

SM25

MEASURING FINANCIAL RATIOS for REAL ESTATE COMPANIES-

CASE STUDY in EGYPT

Mina N., Andrew Victor , Atef R.

11

SM44

COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT RANKING METHODS for

WATER UTILITIES’ PERFORMANCE in EGYPT

Mohamed A. Abdelghany ,Mohamed Abdel-Monem

12

V

Paper Code Paper Title / Authors Page No.

SM55

QUALITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS for the USE of PUBLIC LANDS as ASSETS for INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING APPLICATION of DELPHI METHOD Mostafa Elnagdy, Hossam El-Borombaly, Laila Khodeir

13

Theme (2): Green Building and Building Information Modeling: Paper Code Paper Title / Authors Page No.

SM9

INNOVATIVE MATERIAL USED as COATING and REPLACEMENT of

OPC in GREEN BUILDING

Alaa A.Saleh , Waleed H. Sufe , Tarek A. Osman, Mohammed S. El-deeb,

Bahgat E. El-Anadouli

14

SM29

IMPACT of GREEN BUILDINGS on the BUILT ENVIRONMENT in

EGYPT

Noha A. Mohamed , Kareem Eldash , Mahmoud Abd El-razik

15

SM31

LEAN CONSTRUCTION for REDUCING CONSTRUCTION WASTE in the

EGYPTIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Maha A. Abo-Zaid, Ayman A. Othman

16

SM50

OPTIMIZING the SELECTION of BUILDING UPGRADES for

SUSTAINABILITY CERTIFICATION of EXISTING BUILDINGS

Moatassem Abdallaha , Khaled El-Rayes

17

SM56 BIM IMPLEMENTATION within the EGYPTIAN AEC INDUSTRY Mahmoud Othman, Emad Elbeltagi, Mohamed A. Hassan

18

Theme (3): Project Management: Paper Code


SM5

EVALUATION of CONSULTANTS STAFF in GOVERNMENTAL

HOUSING PROJECTS in EGYPT

Ahmed A. Elsaid

19

SM8

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING to CONSTRUCTION FINANCIAL RISKS in

EGYPT

Nouran A. Gad, Karim El- Dash, Mohamed Abdel Monem, Mohamed

Abdel-Hamid

20

SM20

ESTIMATING of SITE OVERHEADS for RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS in

EGYPT USING NEURAL NETWORK

Ahmed A. Bakr , Atef Ragab , Nabil A.B. Yehia

21

SM36

IRVQM; A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK for INTEGRATING RISK,

VALUE and QUALITY MANAGEMENT for CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

Ahmed M. Abdelalim

22

VI

Paper Code Paper Title / Authors Page No.

SM38

A BID MARK-UP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM for CONSTRUCTION

PROJECTS IN EGYPT Sherin Y. Ahmed, Ibrahim A. Rashid, Ibrahim M. Mahdi, Mohamed

Elmikawi

23

SM46

SELECTING OPTIMAL RISK RESPONSE STRATEGIES for COMPLEX PROJECT BY USING GENETIC ALGORITHM MODEL

Hesham A. Khalek, Sherif M. Hafez, Abdelhady Mohamed 24

SM21

PROPOSED ENHANCEMENT of VARIATION PROVISION under

EGYPTIAN LAW

Alhussien M. Altaher , Tarek H. Hamed , Nabil A.B. Yehia

25

SM42

FACTORS AFFECTING SCHEDULE DELAY and COST OVERRUN in

EGYPTIAN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Ammar Zaki, Ahmed M Abdelalim, Adel El Samadony

26

SM57

IMPACT of AGILE MANAGEMENT in OPTIMIZATION of CHANGE in

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS -A LITERATURE REVIEW

Nourhan E. Hassan, Laila Khodeir

27

SM58

CAUSES and IMPACTS of POOR COMMUNICATION in The

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Mahmoud A. Hussain, Ayman Othman, Hisham Gabr ,Tamer A. Aziz

28

SM66 RISK and QUALITY MANAGEMENT for READY MIX CONCRETE PLANTS in EGYPT Mohammed Khafaga , Enas Khattab , Ireny Beshara

29

Theme (4): Sustainable Design & Construction Techniques: Paper Code


SM7

MAINTENANCE PLANNING for PRECAST PRESTRESSED BRIDGES’ GIRDERS USING RELIABILITY TECHNIQUES Mohamed R. El-Kafoury, Ahmed S. H. Eldieb, Moheeb I. Elsaid

30

SM16

PREDICTING ENERGY CONSUMPTION for RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS USING ANN THROUGH PARAMETRIC MODELING Hossam Wefki, Emad Elbeltagi, Mohamed Mostafa

31

SM37

THE POWER of BORDER CITIES PLANNING CRITERIA AND DEMANDED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Yasmine S.E. Mustafa

32

SM43 MANAGING the ENERGY EFFIECIENCY DURING DESIGN STAGE Mahmoud M. Abd Elrazik, Rasha M. Selim, Sahar Shahat

33

SM59 SMART URBAN DESIGN in EGYPT: POTENTIALS and CHALLENGES

Lobna M. Moubarak, Lamees M. Bakeer, Ahmed Y. Rashed 34

SM64

CRISIS MANAGEMENT: A NOVEL APPROACH TOWARDS REDUCING THE IMPACT of NATURAL DISASTERS on THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT in EGYPT Mirette A. Esmat, Ayman Othman

35

VII

Theme (5): Solid Waste Management: Paper Code


SM3

BEHAVIOR of POST-TENSIONED FIBROUS LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE BEAMS MADE of NATURAL PUMICE Ayman H. Khalil, Ashraf M. Heniegal, Mohammed M. Attia

36

SM39

THE EFFECT of USING EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS (EM) , RICE

HUSK and FLY ASH in SEWAGE SLUDGE TREATMENT

Marwa M. EL-Tyieb, Safaa M. Ragheb, Rehab G. Hassan

37

SM40

EVALUATION of CONCRETE STRENGTH DUE to FLY-ASH

ADMIXTURE for BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

Talat Salama, Andrew Sharp, Hend Farouh

38

SM47

THE SHEAR BEHAVIOR of REINFORCED RECYCLED GLASS

CONCRETE BEAM

Nihal A. Taha, Alaa F. Elkashif

39

SM54

THE FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR of REINFORCED CONCERT BEAM WITH

RECYCLED COARSE and FINE GLASS AGGREGATE

Hala A. Metawei, Dalia F. Arafa

40

SM67 APPLICATION of SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH in INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER Shakinaz T. El-Sheltawy, Maha M. El-shafei, Rasha A. Sary El-deen

41

Theme (6): Transportation Planning: Paper Code


SM12

A LIFE-CYCLE BENEFIT / COST ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK for

ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM (ATCS) DEPLOYMENTS

Xifan Chen, Sam Salem, Baris Salman

42

SM13 ASSESSING TRAFFIC EMISSIONS AROUND WORK ZONES

Sudipta Ghorai, Sam Salem, Baris Salman 43

SM18 SECURE and RELIABLE INFRASTRUCTURE to SUPPORT FUTURE CITY MOBILITY and SAFETY APPLICATIONS Axel Krings, Mohamed Mohamed, Sherif Hussein, Ahmed Abdel-Rahim

44

SM51

NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, time and COST

MINIMIZATION for BUSINESS COMMUTES

Shahryar Monghasemi, Moatassem Abdallah, Aly Tawfik, Caroline

Clevenger

45

SM61

INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: CRASH

REPORTING LIMITATIONS, CHALLENGES, and OPPORTUNITIES

Kevin Chang, Ahmed Abdel-Rahim, Shane Warmbrodt

46

SM68 CONGESTION CHARGING EVALUATION TOWARD SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Seham Hemdan, Amr M. Wahaballa, Fumitaka Kurauchi

47

Keynote Lectures

1

Development Corridor and the South Valley

Farouk Al-Baz Member of the Board of Science & Technology Advisors To His Excellency the President of

Egypt,President of the Farouk ElBaz Centre for Sustainability and Future Studies at the British University in Egypt

ABSTRACT

My book, titled "Development Corridor: Securing a Better Future for Egypt," proposed the idea underlying this project when published in 2007. One of the project's main targets is to open new economic development prospects for youth living at Egypt's south governorates and to link them as well with north Egypt and with the world as a whole. Upon my graduation from Ain Shams University in 1958, my interest began to grow towards this precious area of Egypt. Thus, after my appointment as a teacher at the geology department in Asyut University, I selected Mount Alshrouna in South West Esna to be the topic of my Master's thesis. I truly enjoyed living there in this cherished area; however, I was surprised at the few number of development projects being implemented there unlike the northern governorates. Therefore, I dedicated many of my geological researches, that were greatly supported by using space photographs, to deeply study this area. The study focused on the segment starting from the golden triangle area, that extends east of Qena and through its west plains, down to Luxour with its glorious monuments in the east and west, then moving afterwards to Esna and Edfu, then to Kom Ombo town together with its eastern and significant western plains that enjoy a soil that had been formed by an old river and also plentiful oil and gas precipitations, and then passing down to Aswan covering its splendid west plains, and finally to Toshka, given all the potential projects proposed there in the past. Indeed, opening development avenues in this valuable part of Egypt brings forward new prospects for advancement and well-being.

2

Smart Tools for Sustainable Civil Infrastructure

Osama Moselhi Professor of Engineering in the Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering at

Concordia University

ABSTRACT Efficient management of civil infrastructure systems such bridges, tunnels sewers and water distribution networks are essential to public safety and public wellbeing. These valuable assets represent major capital investments from governments and their public agencies, and therefore their value should be preserved via sustainable measures. This is particularly important in view of the deteriorating conditions of these assets and the limited budgets allocated for their maintenance and rehabilitation even in most developed countries. This keynote lecture will introduce the essential elements of asset management and focuses primarily on methods and technologies used for automated condition assessment and rating of these assets in order to provide a rational framework for optimized budget allocation. This includes recent developments that utilize ground penetration radar (GPR), infrared (IR) and digital imaging, as well as other noninvasive and nondestructive inspection tools such as half-cell potential (HCP). Image processing techniques along with pixel and feature levels data fusion methods are utilized, where possible, to provide an automated holistic multi-sensing diagnostic and condition tools. Example applications of these developed tools will be presented for condition assessment of reinforced concrete bridge decks in Canada and for sewers and water distribution networks in Canada and I another country in the Middle East. Management Plans; Work Zones; Traffic Microsimulation; Environmental Impacts; Sustainability.

3

Simulation Modeling for Construction Projects

Prof. Simaan AbouRizk Professor of Construction Engineering and Management, University of Alberta

ABSTRACT Traditional decision-making techniques that rely on professional expertise and knowledge are often unsuitable for large-scale construction projects, which are characterized by high levels of complexity and uncertainty. For over 20 years, Dr. AbouRizk and his research team have focused on advancing simulation modeling for improved project management and control of large-scale construction projects. This has resulted in the foundation of several long-standing industrial research partnerships and in the development of numerous simulation tools and strategies that have been implemented throughout the construction sector. This presentation will highlight some of these successes, demonstrating how simulation has helped construction companies in Alberta, Canada, improve risk analysis, constructability reviews, crane management, tunnel construction, and infrastructure management.

4

“Disruptive Technologies: The Future of Construction and Infrastructure Development”

Sam Salem

Department Chair and Professor, Sid and Reva Dewberry Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University

ABSTRACT Disruptive technologies introduce a very different package of attributes from mainstream technologies, which can create new markets by providing unique sets of values and ultimately overtake existing markets. While many disruptive technologies have revolutionized various aspects of the society and improved quality of life significantly for the past decades, the rate of adopting new technologies in civil engineering is suboptimal. This keynote lecture sheds light upon a number of emerging disruptive technologies that are particularly relevant to construction and infrastructure development, with concentration on large-scale additive manufacturing (AM) and virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR). This lecture will first provide definitions and background information on disruptive technologies in general, along with several examples of engineering technologies (e.g. Big Data, Internet of Things, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) that have begun to drive remarkable changes. The lecture will also focus on the technical and application aspects of AM and VR/AR technologies for construction and infrastructure development. For additive manufacturing, technical backgrounds, major industrial practitioners, and their iconic large-scale AM projects will be introduced, followed by challenges and prospects of applying AM in construction. For virtual and augmented reality technologies, this lecture will elaborate on the technical capabilities of VR/AR and their representative applications throughout the project life cycle (i.e. initiation, design, planning, construction, and maintenance and operation phases). It will also provide vision on the future research and development of VR/AR technology\ies, as well as their integration with existing management frameworks. This lecture is expected to bring an increased level of attention to the application of several disruptive technologies in construction and infrastructure development, and contribute to innovations in these areas by fostering transformative research ideas and facilitating multi-disciplinary collaborations among scholars, and between academia and industry.

General Lectures

5

Public-Private Partnerships for Public Utilities

Eng. Atter Hannoura

Director/ Public Private Partnership Central Unit, Ministry of Finance

ABSTRACT Governments around the world now understand that Public-Private Partnerships “PPPs” can be an important option to help meet infrastructure and basic service needs while contributing to a reduction in poverty. The importance of the PPP is not limited to be an important infrastructure project financing tool Off Balance Sheet, but it provides a better service provision level throughout the project period by stimulating the Privet Sector interest, capacity, Flexibility and technologies. PPP are recognized as complex and compound transactions, as it includes Design, Building, Financing, Operation, Upgrading, Maintenance and facility management for a LONG period of time … All in one contract. Having said so, and to achieve successful transaction of such nature, there are MAIN CRITERIA and METHEDOLOGY should be followed and examined, learned from failed projects which lead to reach successful PPP Transaction. My lecture will cover all the above-mentioned issues and also the Government of Egypt initiative, the PPP Law, the policy framework, the different models of the PPP, the PPP Program needs, the PPP life cycle, the PPP structure and the lessons learnt.

6

ROLE of PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS in ADDRESSING THE US

INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING GAP

Prof. Laura J. Steinberg Professor & Executive Director of the Syracuse University Infrastructure Institute

ABSTRACT

With a $2T+ spending gap for infrastructure in the US forecast for the next decade, there is great deal of interest from government and the private sector in exploring the appropriateness of P3s for major infrastructure projects in the US. This paper describes some of the successes and failures, and provides a discussion of current US trends in P3 procurement.

7

From Connected Vehicles to Smart Cities: Are We Ready for the Next Generation Transportation Infrastructure

Prof. Ahmed Abdel-Rahim

Director of NIATT & Professor Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho

ABSTRACT

With the rapid implementation of connected vehicle and smart city systems throughout the world, the surface transportation system has become dependent on an extensive network of communication and computing devices. The next generation infrastructure needs to support a transportation system that is connected, data-driven, highly automated, and rely heavily on shared on-demand electric vehicles. This next generation transportation infrastructure will require major changes to the way the transportation networks are planned, designed, maintained and operated. It will also require drastic changes in policies and regulations. In this lecture, the characteristics of the next generation transportation infrastructure will be discussed and presented. The lecture will also cover possible changes to policies, regulations, and the engineering education system that are needed to efficiently manage these quickly changing environments.

8

Sustainability and Civilization Rights to Build Civilization: Chance - Change – Challenge

Prof. Ahmed Yehia Rashed

Professor of Architectural Engineering Department, College of Engineering, The British University in Egypt (BUE)

Founding Director of Farouk ElBaz Centre for Sustainability and Future Studies (CSFS)

ABSTRACT The sustainability area is about balancing the need for social, economic development with the impact on the environment and the nexus between different areas such as energy, water and agriculture or access to electricity and socio-economic development. Egypt 2030 Vision for Sustainable Development is also becoming a vital topic and framework, increasingly used to define and measure impacts. Farouk ElBaz Centre for Sustainability and Future Studies at the British University as a Research and Development (R&D) Centre has emerged as an important part of the BUE’s efforts to address future sustainability. Since 2008, FECSFS organized many scientific activities international and national levels: three International conferences, five national competitions, workshops and different projects. The Results were many ideas and scenarios that assure the sustainable development dimension and participated with institutions from China, Korea, Texas US, England, Italy, Germany, Jordan, Syria, UAE, Amman, Saudi Arabia and all of the universities in Egypt and cooperated with most important institutions of Egypt such as; Engineering Syndicate, Cairo Governorate, The National Academy of Science and Technology and The Housing and Building Research Centre. With the understanding that “knowing is not enough; we must apply. Being willing is not enough; we must do” (Leonardo da Vinci), in my speech and among different studies and activities, three of these will be mentioned today to show how we could achieve sustainability: (a) Civilization Rights to build Civilization with ASRT, (b) The Green Worship House Competition with HBRC and (c) Developmental Corridor and future Generations. Finally, this will be an opportunity to invite participants to share the fourth international conference “Civilization Resilience: Chance, Challenge, Change” 2020 to understand together the capacity of a civilization to avoid failure or slowdown because of acute and chronic shocks (economic, environmental, social & institutional).

Theme (1)1Facility Management and Sustainable

Infrastructure

9

DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS FOR ASPHALT ROADWAYS

Baris Salman1, Sam Salem2, and Song He3.

1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA. Email: [email protected].

2. Chair and Professor, Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA. Email: [email protected].

3. Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA. Email: [email protected].

ABSTRACT

Innovative maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation (MRR) techniques for asphalt roadways have shown great potential in addressing problems related to aging road infrastructure with lower economic, social, and environmental impacts. However, current decision support tools for pavement treatment selection have failed to comprehensively capture the benefits of applying innovative techniques from multiple aspects. In this paper, a set of project-level decision support tools are presented to assist transportation agencies to identify the all-round most appropriate MRR techniques. These tools include a decision flowchart and a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model, in which several key factors affecting decision-making processes from technical, economic, social, and environmental aspects have been considered. The decision flowchart is developed based on the best practices of state departments of transportation with the integration of alternatives using innovative techniques. The MCDM model applies fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and is capable to evaluate both traditional techniques (e.g. hot in-place recycling and hot-mix asphalt overlay) and innovative techniques (e.g. cold in-place recycling and full depth reclamation). These decision support tools are validated by expert opinions from New York State DOT officials and demonstrated through case studies in New York to reveal their effectiveness in facilitating the agency’s decision-making. Keywords: asphalt pavement; cold in-place recycling; warm mix asphalt; intelligent compaction; full

depth reclamation; fuzzy analytical hierarchy process.

SM11

mailto:[email protected]



10

THE CHALLENGES OF MANAGING PUBLIC HOUSING PROJECT ;

THE DILEMMA OF OLD PROJECTS

Prof. Azza A. Sirry

Professor, Housing and Building National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The social housing or public housing as it is sometimes called started as an approach to provide housing units for a sector of community usually the low income groups that could not afford appropriate housing through the market mechanisms. Since the construction of public housing projects has started more than 70 years ago in many countries especially in Europe. Many housing projects have undergone social, economic and physical changes such as the loss of population and/or change in the socio-economical characteristics of occupants, as well as, physical deterioration of construction elements or functional elements. The paper studies the changes undergone by these projects, and the factors affecting these changes. The paper discusses the existing challenges these projects face and also illustrates different development management approaches to deal with these projects. The paper discusses many of the best practices of revitalization of such projects especially in Sweden, the Netherlands and Singapore. Different features of the revitalization projects such as redesign, material used, finance, participation of stakeholders and overall management are illustrated indicating lesson learned from each case study. The paper tries to find lessons learned from revitalization projects of public housing in many countries around the world and tries to give some recommendation on how to manage development and revitalization of old Egyptian public housing projects and how to enhance the design and implementation of future public housing projects to create livable places. Keywords: public housing ,management, upgrading ,rehabilitation

SM17

11

MEASURING FINANCIAL RATIOS FOR REAL ESTATE COMPANIES – CASE STUDY IN EGYPT

Mina Nabil Naseef1, Andrew Victor Fawzy2, and Atef Ragab3

1. Master’s Degree Student, Faculty of Engineering, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport

2. Master’s Degree Student, Faculty of Engineering, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport

3. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Misr university for Science and technology [email protected]

ABSTRACT Investment in real estate projects in Egypt requires high working capital at the beginning of these projects to cover the construction and other costs. The revenue from selling the produced units may be very low at the beginning of the project and doesn’t overcome this cost. This case creates an overdraft in the cash, which represents a risk type that must reflect on profit margin and finance methods. In addition, the long time period for selling the produced units in presence of the Signiant high inflation represent a major second risk to the developer which must be estimated accurately to determine the selling price and payments methods. In some cases, the unreasonable selling prices due to many reasons may delay the selling of the units which create a lot of consecutive problems related to finance bank loans, investors’ money, and others. Financial ratios as known can measure the financial health of the real estate company and show if the company’s financial situation is good or bad. The aim of this case study is to analyze and compare the financial status through two different Egyptian real estate companies (COMPANY A, Company B) during period (2012-2017). Financial analysis , (Profitability ratio, debit to equity, and other ratios) were performed based on six consecutive financial years for both companies by calculating effective financial ratios based on the financial data (Balance Sheet and Income statement) of the companies. Results have been compared to International standards ratio for similar companies. Findings state that the computed ratios are much better than international ratios. Keywords: Real Estate-Financial management-Project management-Construction management.

SM25

12

Comparison Between Two Different Ranking Methods for Water Utilities’ Performance in Egypt

Mohamed A. Abdelghany1, Mohamed Abdel-Monem2

1. Shoubra Faculty of engineering, Email: [email protected]

2. Assistant Professor, Shoubra Faculty of engineering, Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT In 2004, EWRA (Egyptian water and wastewater regulatory agency) was established by Presidential Decree No. 136/2004 to regulate, follow up, and monitor all water and wastewater-related activities in Egypt. This will be applied for both governmental or non- governmental utilities according to applicable laws. EWRA encourages water and wastewater utilities to achieve the highest level of performance and ensures continuous, high-quality, and efficient delivery of services at reasonable prices as well as satisfying consumers’ needs. Part of EWRA role is to evaluate the performance of all water utilities in Egypt. This Evaluation provides simple ranking for all national utilities according to their performance data received by AIR (Annual Information Return). This paper provides a new simple ranking method based on AIR data and using a newly developed Balanced Scorecard Model (BSC) to evaluate the overall performance of multiple utilities. Both two ranking methods (EWRA ranking and BSC Ranking) will be analyzed using two different correlation coefficient techniques to analyze their results and to determine the correlation strength between the two ranking methods. The results concluded that the two ranking methods have a positive correlation coefficient. However, the BSC ranking method provides decision makers with more intense and detailed evaluation based on twenty-five performance indicator.

SM44

13

Qualitative Risk Analysis for the Use of Public Lands as Assets for Infrastructure Financing

Application of Delphi Method

Eng. Mostafa Elnagdy1 Prof. Hossam El-borombaly2 Dr. Laila Khodeir

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Email: [email protected]

2 Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Email: [email protected]

3 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt, Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Using publicly-owned lands as assets for urban infrastructure financing considers one of the most ambitious and encouraged approaches to finance urban infrastructure since this approach would provide the needed financing to different types of infrastructure without depending on the government or on the low-income groups. This financing approach is based on obtaining revenues from private developers and high-end land owners through publicly-owned land selling or leasing to capture the increment in land value as a result of public investment in infrastructure. However, the usage of this financing approach in the Egyptian new cities had and will expose the government to many negative financial instability risks due to the current used policies. The main objective of this research is to qualitative risk analysis for the use of public lands as assets for infrastructure financing by using Delphi method to achieve consensus between a panels of experts by using a structured questionnaire. However, this questionnaire has been developed through two steps; the revision of local and international examples and the detailed analysis of Borg El-Arab new city as one of the oldest Egyptian new city. However, the city has failed to attract residents or to achieve the desirable revenues from using public land as assets. Borg El-Arab new city authority is using public lands as assets for urban infrastructure financing for about 40 years and It has been found many occurred risks based on a number of root causes that have caused many negative legal, social, financial, real estate, urban, and environmental impacts. The authors argue that the Delphi technique is a qualitative analysis method of attaining consensus on the probability and severity of the risks’ root causes in an attempt to prioritize and validate these risks in order to determine and suggest the suitable and effective risks’ responses strategies.

Keywords: Delphi Technique, Land Based Financing, Land Value Capture, Urban Infrastructure

SM55




Theme (2)2Green Building and Building Information

Modeling

14

INNOVATIVE MATERIAL USED AS CAOTING AND REPLACEMENT

OF OPC IN GREEN BUILDING

Alaa A. Saleh1, Prof. Walid H. Soufi1, Prof.Tarik A. Osman1, Prof.Mohamed S. El-Deab2, Prof.Bahgat E. El-Anadouli2

1 Housing and Building National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Geopolymer cement or high-alkali-Poly (sialate-siloxo) cement, results from an inorganic polycondensation reaction. Their unique properties which include high early strength, low shrinkage, high adhesion properties, and sulphate and corrosion resistance make them ideal for long term containment in surface disposal facilities. This study evaluates the performance of two hybrid type geopolymer composed of water cooled blast-furnace slag (WCBFS) and metakaolin (MK) as protective coatings against chloride-induced corrosion in reinforced concrete and also used to blend with Portland Cement (CEMI). Test results indicated that the blended cement paste with geopolymer produced paste that resulted in higher compressive strength than that of (CEMI). The bulk density and water absorption of blended cement paste was significantly affected by the replacement of geopolymer and its fineness. Surface coatings on concrete can provide an effective and efficient protection for both concrete and the steel embedded in it, and can enhance the long-term durability of concrete materials and concrete structures exposed to aggressive environments. Corrosion potential (Ecorr), polarization resistance (Rp) and corrosion current (Icorr) for steel embedded in geopolymer coated concrete over six months duration are reported in this paper. Linear polarization data have been collected for reference concrete and compared with coated concrete system cured in 5% NaCl solution till 6 months. Coated concrete is found to display less negative Ecorr and lowest Icorr values in this period, indicating greater resistivity to corrosion. In addition, the highest compressive strength was observed in geopolymer blended cement pastes. Keywords: geopolymer, blast-furnace slag, metakaolin, coating, reinforcement corrosion, electrochemical analysis.

SM9

15

IMPACT OF GREEN BUILDINGS ON CLIMATE IN EGYPT

Eng. Noha Ahmed Mohamed, Professor Kareem El-Dash, Dr. Mahmoud Mohamed. Abd elrazik1,

Email:[email protected]

ABSTRACT Greenhouse gases of the built environment have a great impact on global warming in Egypt. Buildings are responsible for more than 40 percent of global energy use and up 30 percent of all energy related greenhouse gases emissions. One of the most important gases that affect climate change is carbon dioxide CO2.Most of the focus on reducing carbon emissions from the built environment is to reduce the energy consumption from building energy load. However the emissions that occurred result from manufacturing, construction, operation, maintenance, and disposal of building’s materials (embodied carbon emissions) remain unregulated. In recent years countries have turned their attention to green buildings and set many standards and policies to mitigate the emissions of buildings, Therefore it’s time for Egypt to put forward a strategic plan to mitigate its carbon emissions in construction sector to achieve net zero carbon emissions in our buildings . This paper shows an evaluation of carbon emissions of selected green and conventional buildings at the operational and construction stage by measuring CO2 emissions indoor and outdoor manually during day and night to evaluate the impacts of green buildings in reducing the carbon emissions in construction sector in Egypt. Moreover, it presents a study for the role of the embodied carbon of construction materials in controlling the total carbon footprints of a building. Keywords: Green buildings, Construction, Emissions, Embodied Carbon

SM29

16

LEAN CONSTRUCTION FOR REDUCING CONSTRUCTION WASTE IN THE EGYPTIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Eng. Maha Ahmed Abo-Zaid1, Prof. Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman2

1. Graduate Student, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt, Cairo-Suez Desert Road, El-Shorouk, Cairo, Egypt. Email:

[email protected] 2. Professor of Construction and Project Management, Head of Architectural Engineering

Department, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt, Cairo-Suez Desert Road, El-Shorouk, Cairo, Egypt. Email:[email protected]

ABSTRACT Despite the positive impact of the construction industry on achieving the objectives of social and economic development of countries, it is always accompanied by different challenges in which 70% of projects are exposed to time delay, 14% of projects are exposed to cost overrun, and 10% of projects’ materials cost are wasted. According to world statistics in 2010, it was noticed that 45% of the world energy and 50% of the water have been consumed by the construction industry. Moreover, 23% of air pollution, 40% of water pollution, and 40% of generated waste are caused by construction projects. The main reason of the previous problems is the unsustainable practice used in construction projects and the inappropriate approaches of handling the different types of wastes generated during construction projects. These challenges encouraged many countries to improve their construction practices by applying Lean Principles in the construction industry which is known as Lean Construction. Lean Construction is a philosophy which aims to maximize the value delivered to the client while minimizing the associated waste of time, cost, equipment and effort. This could be achieved through employing and combining existing approaches such as Just in Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), time-based competition and concurrent engineering, to name a few. Accordingly, this paper aims to investigate the role of Lean Construction as an innovative approach for reducing waste in the Egyptian construction industry. This aim will be achieved through (1) identifying the causes, impacts and the current approach adopted for reducing construction waste, (2) presenting the results of a field study conducted by the authors to investigate the perception and application of Lean Construction towards reducing construction waste in the Egyptian construction industry, (3) finally proposing a strategy for facilitating Lean Construction implementation in construction projects in Egypt. This will help achieving the target of sustainable development strategy 2030 which aims to enhance the economic, environmental, and social conditions in Egypt. Keywords: Waste reduction, Construction projects, Lean construction, Sustainable development.

SM31

17

OPTIMIZING THE SELECTION OF BUILDING UPGRADES FOR SUSTAINABILITY CERTIFICATION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS

Dr. Moatassem Abdallah1 and Dr. Khaled El-Rayes2

1 Civil Engineering Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA

2 Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, USA

ABSTRACT Existing buildings are often in urgent need for upgrading to improve their performance in terms of energy and water consumption, as well as carbon emissions. Building owners and operators often allocate budgets to upgrade their buildings and they always seek identification of building upgrades to improve performance of their buildings and achieve green certification. This paper presents the development of an optimization model that is capable of identifying building upgrades to achieve green certification for existing buildings. While several green certification programs are currently available for existing buildings, this paper focuses on Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system for existing buildings. The optimization model is developed in three main steps, including model formulation step that focuses on model decision variables, objective function, and constraints; computational step that focuses on selecting optimization algorithm and implementing the model calculations; and evaluation step that focuses on testing and refining the model performance. A case study of an existing building is used to demonstrate the model capabilities. The optimization model was able to identify the optimal selection of buildings upgrades to achieve LEED certification for existing buildings with minimum upgrade budget or maximize the sustainability of the building within a specified budget. The optimization model is expected to support decision makers, building owners, and operators to identify optimal selection of upgrades to improve performance of existing buildings and achieve sustainability certification programs. Keywords: Building Upgrades, LEED Rating System, Optimization, Limited Upgrade Budget

SM50

18

BIM IMPELEMENTATION WITHIN THE EGYPTIAN AEC INDUSTRY

Mahmoud Othman1, Emad Elbeltagi2, Mohamed Abdel Shakour Hassan3

1. Master's Degree Student, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport.

2. Prof. of Constr. Mgmt., Dept. of Struct. Engrg., Mansoura Univ., Mansoura, 35516 Egypt. Email: [email protected]

3. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Constr. and building, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport.

ABSTRACT The construction industry is one of the most important sector where the Egyptian economy is based on to grow. This sector is facing many problems related to projects’ stockholders including owners, engineers, architects and contractors. The fragmented nature of the industry is the main reason for the unavailability and non-utilization of project information. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the latest technologies that introduces magnificent solutions to the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Many stockholders such as engineers and contractors have recommended the adoption of BIM technique in Egypt. This paper pointed out the important keys for successful adoption and implementation of BIM including the awareness of BIM framework, different levels and stages of BIM. It is difficult to achieve a full BIM adoption or implementation over project lifecycle without understanding BIM characteristics. The objective of this study is to assess the current awareness of BIM technology in the Egyptian construction industry. The study gathered information via a web-based survey from 42 Egyptian architects, engineers and contractors. The findings indicate that a significant proportion of respondents have not familiar or little with understanding the concept of BIM. In addition, the usage was found to be very low. Based on the results, a general roadmap is developed to extend BIM adoption through the Egyptian construction industry. It is expected that this roadmap would lead to more generic adoption and implementation of BIM in Egypt. Keywords: Building Information Modeling (BIM), Framework, AEC, Adoption, Implementation.

SM56

Theme (3)3Project Management

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19

EVALUATION OF CONSULTANT'S STAFF IN GOVERNMENTAL HOUSING PROJECTS IN EGYPT

Dr. Ahmed A. Elsaid

Lecturer, Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC), Egypt. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The Egyptian construction consultants are facing increasing challenges due to rigorous competition from foreign consultants. These challenges imply the need for control consultant staff costs and make more precise estimates for number of consultant staff in housing projects in Egypt. Consultant's staff are main cost items that should be accurately estimated during the initial project phases. Currently, there is no formal method for estimating the required Consultant's staff in housing projects in Egypt. This leads to inaccurate estimates of project costs in addition to understaffing or overstaffing during construction. The main objective of this study is to put standard rates of the most suitable size of supervision Consultant's staff in governmental housing projects in Egypt. Data from 21 recent construction projects of housing projects was collected to evaluate the average rates of consultant's staff and Predict Consultant's staff for housing projects. Egyptian construction owners can use these results as a base for evaluation consultant's staff number and cost in housing projects in Egypt. Keywords: Evaluation; Consultant's staff; Housing projects; Egypt.

SM5

Email:%[email protected]

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20

Factors Contributing to Construction Financial Risks in Egypt

Nouran A. Gad 1, Mohamed Abdel-Monem2, Karim El-Dash 3, Mohamed Abdel-Hameed2

1 Teaching Assistant, Faculty of Engineering at 6 October University,), 2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Banha University,

3 Professor at Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Banha University

ABSTRACT Financial risks are main factors that affect the construction industry in Egypt. Over the past 10 years, the cost of construction building increased drastically. Considering that construction projects are unique having variable duration and cost; the risk management process became very important. This paper focuses on identifying different categories of financial risks in Egyptian construction projects. Identification of these risks has been done through a questionnaire carried out with professionals in the construction industry. Initially, financial risks have been identified and categorized into three categories: Market Risks (FMR), Credit Risks (FCR), and Operational Risks

(FOR). Initial risk analysis of collected questionnaire results determined the most critical financial

risks affecting Egyptian construction projects. Keywords: Risk, construction projects, financial risk factors

SM8

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21

ESTIMATING OF SITE OVERHEADS FOR RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS IN EGYPT USING NEURAL NETWORK

Ahmed A. Bakr1, Atef A. Ragab2, Nabil A.B. Yehia3

1. MSc. Student, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University 2. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Misr University for Science and technology

3. Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Real estate industry has continued to prosper over the past 7 years in Egypt despite the hard-economic conditions, and the currency liberalization followed by a high inflation rate. As such, construction companies and contractors need to enhance the accuracy of the budget to achieve the targeted profit. The budget cost includes two types of cost, which is the direct cost and the general costs. The last one composed of two types of costs as Home overheads and site overheads. The home overheads are not associated to a certain project, site overheads are the expenses associated to a certain project but not to a certain work package. The main objective of this research is to establish a neural network model for residential projects to predict the percentage of the site overheads of the direct cost. This will contribute to enhance the estimate process and budget. Information related to main factors, and its weights affecting site overhead percentage were identified by experts through a structured questionnaire based on calculated sample size. In addition, cost data for 55 different projects in the past seven years was collected with different conditions of company class, direct cost, project duration, project location, contract type, and type of company ownership. These data were used as data base for the learning process of the neural network. The best model developed consists of six input neurons, two hidden layers with six and five neurons respectively, and one output layer representing the site overhead percentage. Keywords: Residential Projects, Egypt, Cost Estimate, Artificial Intelligence, Site Overheads,

Artificial Neural Network.

SM20

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22

IRVQM; A Conceptual Framework for Integrating Risk, Value and Quality Management for Construction Project Management

Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Abdelalim

Lecturer of Construction Project Management, Faculty of Engineering at Mataria, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt, P.O. Box 11718; E. Mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT There is an obvious synergy between minimizing risk, maximizing value and enhancing the performance in a project or program. Risk Management (RM) and Value Management (VM) are extensively investigated to derive the best practice methodologies and to increase benefits in project management. In Parallel, Quality Management; QM, is proven to overlap the processes of RM and VM as it aims eventually to realize the requirements of the client or stakeholders. While there are some approaches highlight the links between RM and VM or RM and QM separately, there is no triple linking approach yet. The aim of the present research is to develop a conceptual Triple link between all of them. The research aimed at enhancing the benefits of integrating Risk Management, Value management and Quality Management in a single study process denoted as an Integrated Risk, Value and Quality Management (IRVQM). In order to identify the linking approach used in merging the three processes together, a procedural process mapping is introduced for the early stages of project development as well as a case study of applying the proposed approach on a mega project was introduced. The proposed approach would assist clients in utilizing resources more effectively in addition to time and cost saving. Keywords: Risk Management, Value Management, Quality Management, Integrated Approach.

SM36

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23

A Bid Mark-up Decision Support System for Construction Projects in Egypt

ENG. Sherin Y. Ahmed1, P.D.E. Ibrahim Abdel Rashid2, P.D.E. Ibrahim M. Mahdi3, P.D.E.

Mohamed Elmikawi4

1. Ph.D. student, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University. Cairo, Egypt.

Email: [email protected] 2. Professor, Construction Dep., Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.


3. Professor, Construction Dep., Faculty of Engineering Future University, Cairo, Egypt.


4. Assistant professor, Construction Dep., Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egyp, Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT A bid markup decision in construction projects is a complex adaptive process performed by contractor in pre-tender stage. Therefore, it requires significant experience and market knowledge. Due to the economic reform initiatives lately undertaken by the Egyptian government coupled with the ambitious development programs of infrastructure and the development of several new cities, there are new variables that add to the complexity of this process. These variables include high inflation, currency exchange changes, economic instability, removal of subsidies (utilities, fuel, etc.) & compressed construction deadlines.

The objective of this paper is to develop a decision support system (DSS) to optimize bid markup decision, which accounts for the added complexities and balances between probabilities of winning a real estate residential building tender and obtaining a reasonable profit for contractor. Thus, factors impacting the decision process are identified and evaluated using Delphi technique. Analyzed with step with regression statistical technique to generate high impact factors. Finally, developing a decision support system approach using the analytic network process (ANP).

The main finding of developing the decision support system of optimum markup ratio is the Priorities of significant factors, which include need to work, future value of money, project complexity, contingency fluctuation, the risk involving owing contract, economic environment and competitive market. The result of this study improves and assess contractor’s ability to enhance their documentation system and estimating process to deal with various bidding evaluation conditions. Keywords: bid Markup, Decision support system, Fluctuation, Delphi, Competitive tender, ANP.

SM38



mailto:[email protected].

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24

SELECTING OPTIMAL RISK RESPONSE STRATEGIES FOR COMPLEX PROJECT BY USING GENETIC ALGORITHM MODEL

Hesham Abdelkhalek, Sherif M. Hafez, Abdelhady Mohamed*

Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Egypt. *Corresponding author, M.Sc. Candidate, Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Project Risk Management (PRM) is a crucial activity in project management. Usually PRM plans deal with identifying, assessing and planning adequate responses to risks. The main problem is that there are many types of response strategies, and the Project Manager (PM) must be able to select the optimal portfolio taking into consideration the tight budget for implementing risk responses. Most of the existing methods consider only the effect of the risk response giving no attention to the savings or the costs of these responses. This paper proposes an optimization model for selecting Risk Response Strategies (RRSs) considering the Savings to Cost Ratio (SCR) of strategies, risk interdependences and the expected damage of the risk. The proposed model provides PMs with improved insights on risks and risk interdependences under complexity and help them design more effective response strategies. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is developed to optimize the RRSs and the allocation of budget reserves dedicated to the risk management. In order to illustrate the utility of the proposed model, a real-life example project is presented, and the results are compared with literature researches. Keywords: Project Risk Management (PRM), Complexity, Risk Response Strategy (RRS),

Optimization, Savings to Cost Ratio (SCR), Genetic algorithm (GA).

SM46

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25

PROPOSED ENHANCEMENT of VARIATION PROVISION under

EGYPTIAN LAW

Alhussein M. Altaher Abdalla1, Tarek H. Hamed 2, Nabil A.B. Yehia 3,

1MSc. Student, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University 2 Lecturer, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University

3 Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Email: [email protected]

Abstract

This research is to identify some shortcomings of the way the Egyptian Law (EL) views, deals, and handles one of the major sources of disputes in the construction industry; variations. This study will also propose several recommendations to the law and regulations set and imposed by the Egyptian Civil Law (ECL) and The Egyptian Law of Tenders (ELT). These recommendations are based upon the identified drawbacks in the EL, preformed surveys and comparisons between different laws in other countries. The researcher believes if his recommendations are implemented it would be a step ahead to help reduce disputes and claims arising from variations of the works, in order to create a healthy business environment for both employers and contractors, where fairness can prevail.

Keywords: Variation, Change, Egyptian Law, Egyptian Civil Code, Egyptian Law of Tender, FIDIC, Administrative Contract.

SM21


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26

Factors Affecting Schedule Delay and Cost Overrun in Egyptian

Construction Projects

Ammar Zaki1; Ahmad M Abd Elalim2 and Adel EL Samadony3

1. Teaching Assistant, Construction Building Engineering Dept, Arab Academy for Science

and Technology (AAST), E-mail: [email protected] 2. Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, Helwan Univ., El Mataria Branch, Cairo

E-mail: [email protected] 3. Professor of Civil Engineering, Helwan Univ., El Mataria Branch, Cairo

E-mail:[email protected] ABSTRACT The construction industry is considered as one of the most dynamic sectors for economic development and growth in the World. It is common for most construction projects in Egypt not to meet deadlines and under projected budget costs. This practice could affect the improvement of the construction industry in Egypt as well as lead many construction companies to encounter financial problems. The aim of this study is to assess the main factors influencing schedule delays and overrunning costs in the Egyptian construction industry. A literature review was conducted to compile a list of delay and cost overruns causes that was purged based on appropriateness to Egypt in nine semi structured interviews. A questionnaire survey of 26 factors which affect schedule delays and also 22 factors affecting cost overrun identified from interviews is developed and distributed among a sample of the construction practitioners. The study revealed that the top five factors causing time overruns are “high labour productivity”, “sufficient data collection and survey before design”, “high Labour motivation and morale”,” regular cash flow during construction”, and “delivery of material on time”. The study also illustrated that the top five factors causing cost overruns are “rework”, “fluctuation in money exchange rate”, “escalation of material price”, “additional work at owner’s request”, and “high transportation costs”. Based on the study findings, some recommendations are given to control time and cost overruns in the Egyptian construction Industry. Keywords: Schedule Delay, Cost Overrun, RII, Construction Projects Management, Owner, Consultant, Contractor; IBM SPSS Statistics (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).

SM42

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27

Impact of Agile Management on the Optimization of

Change in Construction Projects: A Literature Review

Eng. Nourhan Ehab Hassan1 Dr. Laila Khodeir2

1 Senior Candidate, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, British University In Egypt,

Cairo, Egypt, Email: [email protected]

2 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University,

British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt, Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Change is neither the major trade that is faced every day nor the cleverest outcome that is attained, it’s only about the concept of responding to change. In the construction industry, changes should be dealt with from the initial phase until the project’s closing stage. Some of the changes are unpredictable and unexpected, which might lead to negative impact on the project. PMBOK 6th Edition has introduced a new appendix chapter concerning changes and their importance on the management plan and stakeholders as well, where Project management is considered as one of the most mindsets that fuel frenzy the whole construction and architecture sector. However, many approaches have been initiated lately in project management that results in changes acquiring a debate for years. One of these trends that has initiated is “agile project management” which is a project management approach that is said to keep a backlog, break projects into short term cycles and integrating the customers’ involvement during the project. The main issue is that agile still trickle the gap that stakeholders in construction projects always ask for changes which may lead to negative impacts on the project success. Thus, this paper aims to identify the impact of application of agile management on optimizing changes in construction projects. In order to achieve this research, a comprehensive literature review method was followed, which discuss how agile manifesto approach is being implemented in the construction stating the practices and principles used. Conclusively, finding of this research helps to identify the impact of applying Agile management on optimization of architecture and construction projects change. The value of this paper goes for the success of architecture and construction projects in responding to change while obtaining the utmost satisfaction of the stakeholders. This paper recommends integrating agile project management with traditional Project Management by applying various forms of strategies and methods being employed for better efficiency of projects.

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28

CAUSES AND IMPACTS OF POOR COMMUNICATION IN THE

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Arch. Mahmoud A. Hussain1, Prof. Ayman A. E. Othman2, Prof. Hisham S. Gabr3 and Assoc. Prof. Tamer Abdel Aziz4

1Architectural Engineer, RAD Architects, Cairo, Egypt, Email: [email protected]

2 Professor of Construction and Project Management, Head of Architectural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt, Cairo-Suez Desert Road, El-

Shorouk, Cairo, Egypt. Email: [email protected] 3 Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, School of Sciences and Engineering, The

American University in Cairo. Email [email protected] 4 Associate Professor at Architecture Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza,

Cairo, Egypt. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The construction industry is a risky and complex business. Due to its nature, it consists of a various types of stakeholders characterized with different objectives, skills, cultures, values and professions. This requires effective communication management between the different stakeholders to facilitate their interaction and ensure the delivery of successful projects. Communication is a process that involves the transfer of information between parties and it is directly affects the project’s success. Poor communication can result in project failure especially in severe cases where the problem is left unsolved. Managers and organizations operating in the construction industry are required to understand the causes and impacts of poor communication and take the necessary actions to improve the communication process in their projects. This research aims to identify and analyse the causes and impacts of poor communication in the construction industry. This aim was achieved through a research methodology based on literature review and case study. The research identified 30 causes and 20 impacts of poor communication in construction projects. A case study of the Kuwait University, College of Business is presented to show the poor communication problem that can occur in construction projects and some solutions that were undertaken by stakeholders. Keywords: Construction Industry, Communication, Poor Communication, Causes, Impacts, Stakeholders.

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RISK AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT FOR READY MIX CONCRETE PLANTS IN EGYPT

Mohammed Khafaga 1 , Enas Khattab 2 and Ireny Beshara3

1. Professor – Building Material and Quality Control Research Institute, Housing and Building National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. E-mail : [email protected]

2. Associate Professor–Building Material and Quality Control Research Institute, Housing and Building National Research Center, Dokki,Giza, Egypt. E-mail :

[email protected] 3. Lecturer - Construction and Project Management Research Institute, Housing and Building

National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Quality, time and cost are the main factors for the success in any construction projects, The use of ready mix concrete for the construction projects will reduce the time with a little variation in cost, But there isn’t enough quality control in the ready mix concrete (RMC) due to various reasons. Such reasons are identified in order to increase the preference of the RMC among people. This paper aims first in standardization of the quality of the concrete produced in the RMC plants. A checklist is developed by Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC) members with the participation of the authors for evaluating RMC plants to make sure that it is conforming with the ready mix concrete standards in order to be accredited to be used in Egypt. A sample of thirty plants are audited to reveal the problems in controlling and management of RMC plants. This paper also aims to find out the most critical risk in RMC plants by using failure mode and effective analysis technique (FMEA). This technique helps to identify failure factors in production process of concrete and give corrective actions for improvement. The plants chosen are in different locations and having different class grade. Analysis of data revealed that the most critical failure mode are: Not Keeping Records/ Checklists / Certificates, Incorrect mix design, Lack of technical experts, Breakdown of equipments, Improper maintenance of machines, and Improper working practices. Finally, some remedial measures for identified potential failures are suggested and total quality system is presented. Keywords: Ready Mix Concrete Plants, Check List, Failure Mode and Effective Analysis Technique

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Theme (4)4Sustainable Design & Construction

Techniques

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30

MAINTENANCE PLANNING FOR PRECAST PRESTRESSED

BRIDGES’ GIRDERS USING RELIABILITY TECHNIQUES

Mohamed R. El-Kafoury1, Ahmed S. Hassan Eldieb2, Moheeb I. Elsaid3 1 PhD, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University; [email protected] 2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University; [email protected]

3 Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University; [email protected]

ABSTRACT Authorities in Egypt are continuously trying to solve the evergrowing traffic problem in Cairo. One of the main solutions is solving interchanges and crossings by constructing bridges. The need for fast project completion made authorities approve the precast prestressed girders as the dominant structural system for new bridges. Building a bridge is an important investment decision that requires a large equity to accomplish. Preserving bridges performance and extending their life time not only assure maximum revenue for the initial capital, but also eliminates the risk of traffic rerouting for emergency repairs or even disasterous failures. In Egypt, researchers efforts towards establishing a complete bridges management system are continuously faced by the absence of a complete database, sufficient budgets, inspection teams or a well-organized performance monitoring system. Bridges are in continuous process of deterioration with many bridges beyond their life expectance. Recently, Reliability-based design codes, such as the american AASHTO LRFD, are developed by calculating load and resistance factors that consistently achieve a predefined targeted reliability. Managerial applications of this concept is introduced by calculating the reliaiblity index of the precast beams for shear and moment modes, setting a target reliability for its capacity and analysing the performance profiles complete with the required preventive maintenances timing and effect. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new feasable managerial approach that does not require extra resources, includes complete reliability based maintenance plan that helps preserving newly constructed bridges in Egypt. This is finally demonstrated by a case study for saft el laban new bridge Keywords: Reliability, Maintenance planning, Life cycle analysis, Bridges Management.

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PREDICTING ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS USING ANN THROUGH PARAMETRIC MODELLING

Dr. Hossam Wefki 1, Prof. Dr. Emad Elbeltagi 2, and Dr. Mohamed Mostafa 3.

1. Assistant Professor of Construction Management, Civil Dept. The British University in Egypt, Email: [email protected]

2. Professor of Construction Management, Structural Dept. Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, Email: [email protected]

3. Assistant Professor, Civil Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Qena, Al-Azhar University, Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Building energy modelling (BEM) is one of the most essential tools for sustainable buildings design. The most significant decisions concerning building energy performance are made during the early design stages. The key problem being that designers still do not recognize the benefits of applying this research area due to the interoperability between building modelling and energy simulation engine. This paper discusses a methodology for improved prediction of building energy usage by integrating parametric modeling and artificial neural network. The proposed methodology is used to mitigate technical barriers while automating and integrating commercially available tools into a workflow from a parametric model to building energy simulation. Parametric modeling (Rhino/Grasshopper) is used to create multiple design options with randomly input variables, and then each design option is simulated to calculate energy consumption using EnergyPlus. The simulated-based ANN model is then developed using the datasets resulting from parametric energy simulations. Keywords: Energy Consumption, Simulations, Parametric Analysis, EnergyPlus, ANN

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32

THE POWER OF BORDER CITIES: PLANNING CRITERIA AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Eng. Yasmine S. El-Ashaby.

Engineer, Housing and Building National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Most countries consist of a capital city which is the "the core area", and other cities which include border cities. Indeed, border cities often play two roles that contradict each other at the same time; they constitute a city's structure and identity, but they are also often known as hinterlands and are often marginalized. Even though they have a significant role in politics and national security, but their power should not be shrunken to just that. These types of cities have a special nature related to its culture, economic, social aspects. Moreover, they have many elements that can support their development, nonetheless, there are also difficulties and challenges faced that and hinder development in such these cities, such as institutional cooperation and weak basic infrastructure. It is worthwhile to find solutions to these problems, as border cities can be of great value to its country. This paper will illustrate the standards of planning and managing border cities and how to overcome obstacles in order to achieve a sustainable and stable development.

Keywords: Regional planning, borderlands, border cities, sustainable development, spatial planning, border cities' problems.

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MANAGING THE ENERGY EFFIECIENCY DURING DESIGN STAGE

Mahmoud Mohamed. Abd elrazik1, Rasha M. Selim1, Sahar Shahat2

1. Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC), Giza, Egypt. Email: [email protected].

2. Lecturer of Construction Project Management, Housing and Building National Research Center, Dokky- Giza, Egypt.

ABSTRACT Energy is one of categories that have a great effect on achieving sustainable building because of its environmental and economic impact; especially when integrated in early stages of the project. Therefore, it is important to identify the inputs and outputs of implementation phases of energy efficiency during project life cycle. In addition, the optimized design cannot work alone without a monitoring system to support the users to enhance their behavior towards reducing energy consumption and improving the quality of the building’s performance; especially when most of the architects don’t take into consideration energy consumption aspects. In this paper Building Information Modeling (BIM) in cooperation with Building Energy Modeling (BEM) tools will be used to optimize the best design and manage a lot of data for efficient energy implementation; This paper will develop the framework for managing the Energy Efficiency for a sustainable building using BIM to help users to have a defined methodology with identified inputs and outputs over stages of building life cycle; starting by design and ending with operation and maintenance phase. The developed theoretical framework will be validated using case study of administrative building. Keywords: Sustainability, Information Modeling, Energy, Simulation.

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34

SMART URBAN DESIGN IN EGYPT: POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES

Lobna M. Moubarak1, Lamees M. Bakeer1 ¹Architectural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,

Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt Emails: [email protected] (Corresponding author)[email protected]

Ahmed Y. Rashed2,3

2Architecture Department, British University, Egypt 3 Founding Director of Farouk ElBaz Centre for Sustainability and Future Studies (FECSFS)


ABSTRACT

Concepts and methodologies for creating a smart city are as diverse as cities themselves. Some approaches for developing a smart urban area are technology-oriented, while others give the priority to the social aspects. These approaches put cities on a more sustainable and resilient path because smart urban design promotes social and technological innovations and link existing infrastructures taking into account the expected population growth and their new needs. Developing new forms of governance and public participation, effective and efficient use of land, resources and funds are the major objectives of smart urban design. In Egypt, the current development of information and communication technology (ICT) can enable new kinds of thinking regarding development of urban areas, allow a larger set of input data and much wider resources for assessment and can prevent or reduce central decision-making. Currently, smart solutions in urban design are not widely used in Egypt. There is a big demand for raising public awareness of smart techniques and their benefits for quality of life. The smart city agendas should have a central place in urban development projects. Although those projects need huge investments, they can contribute in making areas such as heritage areas and universities campuses more attractive and usable with focus on future generations' demands. This research paper addresses the concept of smart urban design in terms of its benefits, dimensions, and aims. Additionally, this paper investigates the available opportunities for applying smart approaches of urban design in Egypt. On the other hand, challenges such as the need for investment and expenditure to improve energy efficiency, modernize infrastructure, and create high quality living environment have been clarified. It is concluded that each area should have its smart agenda which puts the human factor at its core. Currently, there are various potentials for applying smart governance in Egypt such as; electronic gate of Egyptian government, smart cards system, new administrative capital city as a future smart city, Egypt's ICT 2030 strategy, establishment of communication and ICT corporations, establishment of smart villages, and training programs for people with disabilities. The number of high educated citizens, internet users, mobile phone users, ICT trainers and trainees, e government users is obviously increasing which reflects a great possibility for transforming to smart community.

Keywords: Smart city, Smart Urban Design (SUD), Information and computer technology (ICT)

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CRISIS MANAGEMENT: A NOVEL APPROACH TOWARDS REDUCING THE IMPACT OF NATURAL DISASTERS ON THE

BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN EGYPT

Mirette A. Esmat¹ and Ayman A. E. Othman² 1. Senior Student, Architectural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, The British

University in Egypt, Cairo-Suez Desert Road, El-Shorouk, Cairo, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected]

2. Professor of Construction and Project Management, Head of Architectural Engineering

Department, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt, Cairo-Suez Desert Road, El-Shorouk, Cairo, Egypt. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to investigate the fundamental role of crisis management as a novel approach towards reducing the impacts of natural disasters on the built environment in Egypt, through the recognition of the vital role of crisis management and the fundamentals pillars that need certain levels of action to produce a recommended resolution for a more resilient tactics, and further instigate proactive outcomes. The collaborative approach of implementing crisis management within design would maximize the role of architects on affecting the way communities respond to disasters while ensuring a level of trust and safety in the structures. Predominantly in developing countries where the communities, buildings, and infrastructure are most vulnerable and susceptible to immense damage, the need for a well-defined crisis management framework has proven to eliminate the negative aspects, reduce the degree of loss and could be further adopted as a reference for future disaster prevention and sustainable development. The conventional approaches towards sustainable development have neglected the recognition of disasters as hazard that needs planning for, specifically in disaster-prone areas and within old settlements, however, the flexibility available due to the nature of managing disasters introduces the opportunity to situate effective responsibility prior to, during and after the impact, proposing multiple opportunities for applicable change. Therefore, this paper attempts to achieve a solution for the inflicted damage caused by disasters on the built environment by proposing properly developed guidelines to be adhered by, and further implemented within the respective affiliations; from local authorities, decision makers, crisis managers and the design realm such as ADFs in Egypt, while being suitable and flexible enough for utilization by other developing countries with similar geographical characteristics, which are the main aspect for dictating the category of impact. Keywords: crisis management, disaster risk reduction, natural disasters, the built environment, developing countries, Egypt, architectural design firms (ADFs).

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Theme (5)5Solid Waste Management

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Behavior of post-tensioned fibrous lightweight concrete beams

made of natural pumice

Ayman H. H. Khalil1, Ashraf M. A. Heniegal2 and, Mohammed Mahmoud Attia3

1Professor, Ain Shams University, Egypt, [email protected] 2 Professor, Suez University, Egypt, [email protected]

3 Assistant Lecturer, Suez University, Egypt, [email protected]

Abstract High self-weight and reducing ductility of prestressed concrete members are the most problems that face prestressed concrete members application. One of the defects that face producing of lightweight aggregate concrete is weakness and brittleness of lightweight aggregate. Adding short discrete steel fibers (St) play an important role in improving mechanical properties of concrete. This paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical program to study the behavior of post-tensioned lightweight concrete beams with different volume fractions of discrete steel fibers and a partial prestressing ratio (PPR). The volume fractions of steel fibers were 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of concrete volume, and the PPR were 60%, 80%, 85% and 90%. Nine post-tensioned lightweight simple beams with dimensions of 200x350x2500 mm and a clear span of 2250 mm were tested under static bending load until failure. All beams have 75% pumice lightweight coarse aggregate instead of natural aggregate by volume. It was found that the crack distribution, width and spacing were improved in fibrous beams. Moreover, steel fibers lightweight concrete beams exhibited more ductility and energy absorption behavior. On the other hand, increasing PPR percentage controls crack initiation and decreased ductility.

Key words: Post-tensioned, Partial prestressing ratio, Steel fibers, Energy absorption, Ductility indices, Pumice lightweight aggregate, Lightweight concrete.

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THE EFFECT OF USING EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS (EM), RICE HUSK and FLYASH IN SEWAGE SLUDGE

TREATMENT

Marwa M. EL-Tyieb, Safaa M. Ragheb and Rehab G. Hassan

Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Housing and Building National Research Center, 87 El-Tahreer St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. Box 1770 Cairo.

ABSTRACT Sewage sludge is a worldwid waste produced in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) that constitutes a major environmental and health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the enhancement of the performance of treatment process of sewage sludge using rice husk, fly ash and EM. The sludge used was collected from El-berka wastewater treatment plant in El Sallam district, Cairo, Egypt. The bench scale was monitored for five stages operation over 20 days of operation for each stage to choose the most suitable ratio of the agriculture residues (rice husk) , industrial residues ( fly ash) and EM1 could be mixed with sludge. Different ratios of rice husk , fly ash and EM1 were applied to sewage sludge in the bench scale. The bench scale was 5 liters reactors with working volume of 3 liters. The results showed that a reduction of COD, and total VSS up to 73.4%, and 73.2% respectively were achieved at 10 % rice husk , 5 % fly ash and 1:200 EM1 mixing ratio which was the most suitable ratio based on COD, and total VSS destruction percentage. Keywords: Sewage Sludge, Treatment, COD,VSS, Rice Husk,Fly Ash, EM.

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EVALUATION OF CONCRETE STRENGTH DUE TO FLY-ASH

ADMIXTURE FOR BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

Dr. Talat Salama1, Mr. Andrew Sharp2 ,Dr. Hend Farouh3

Professor, Central Connecticut State University, Connecticut, USA Email: [email protected]

Senior Project Manager, Nosal Builders Inc., Connecticut, USA Professor, Housing and Building National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

ABSTRACT When a bridge has reached the end of its useful life, its strength is significantly lowered and it will require extensive rehabilitation or full replacement. Modern bridges are now designed to last 75 - 100 years. However, achieving these goals can dramatically increase the cost of construction and maintenance. Bridges that were constructed in Connecticut in the 1950’s and 1960’s were designed with a life expectancy of approximately 50 years. To date these bridges that are still in place have exceeded this life expectancy by as much as 14 years. Over time, the concrete used in bridge construction will develop cracks that allow water to permeate the concrete structures carrying chlorides and other harmful materials within the concrete that accelerate the deterioration process, hence reducing the overall strength of the structure. Efforts are being made to experiment with alternative construction methods and materials to help increase the strength of these structures without dramatically increasing the cost of maintenance. One such approach is the use of stronger concrete mix designs using fly-ash in which designers increase the useful life of the bridge and decrease the total life-cycle cost of the bridge. This research project was performed to justify the use of adding Class “C” fly ash as an admixture in structural concrete to increase the strength of each design mix. The research also showed the limited benefits to concrete strength of using Class “F” fly ash as an admixture. Keywords: Concrete, Materials, Fly-Ash.

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THE SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED RECYCLED GLASS CONCRETE BEAM

Dr. Nihal A. Taha, Dr. Alaa F. Elkashif

Associate Professor, Housing and Building National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt Email: [email protected]

Lecturer, Housing and Building National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Sustainable Construction meets the requirements of new era for housing, working environments and infrastructure sustainable buildings have become necessary for securing long-term environmental, economic and social viability. The buildings in developed countries consumes a lot of energy over their lifetime including (raw material production, construction, operation, and maintenance). The use of glass aggregate considered as environmentally friendly alternative to recycle the glass waste to reduce the consumption of natural resources. This experimental research aims to investigate the effect of using glass aggregate as a partial replacement of coarse and fine aggregate characterizing the shear performance of reinforced concrete beam with varying ratios of glass waste replacement with content (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) as a coarse aggregate and (10%and 30%) as a fine aggregate to determine if the recycled waste glass can be used in a structural member. The experimental results showed that, using waste glass as coarse aggregate gives reasonable shear values up to 20%. While using fine glass aggregate replacement not preferable.

Keywords: shear, behavior, beam, recycled glass, structural, concrete.

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THE FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCERT BEAM WITH RECYCLED COARSE AND FINE GLASS AGGREGATE

Dr. Hala Abdel Rahman Metawei1, Dr. Dalia Fawzy Arafa2

1. Associate Professor, Housing and Building National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

Email: [email protected] 2. Lecturer, Housing and Building National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt


ABSTRACT This study aims at investigating properties and flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams made with varying glass aggregate (coarse and fine). The coarse glass contents are (10,20,30%) of the overall volume of the aggregate, the fine glass content are (10,30%) of the overall volume of the aggregate. The use of glass aggregates as an environ mentally friendly alternative to dumping it as waste reduces the consumption of natural resources and requires the space needed for dumping grounds. Fresh concrete was tested for workability and Hardened concrete was tested for compressive strength. Six beams were tested in flexure. The control sample one consists of normal strength concrete grade 25 containing 100% natural sand and coarse aggregate. Samples two, three, and four have 10, 20 and 30% of coarse glass aggregate by volume of natural coarse aggregate. Sample five and six have 10 and 30% of fine glass aggregate by volume of natural fine aggregate. Results from investigation showed that the incorporation of coarse aggregate improve the flexural performance of beams, while fine glass aggregate leads to loss of flexural performance. Keywords: Flexural strength, beam, coarse glass, fine glass.

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41

APPLICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH IN INDUSTRIAL

WASTEWATER

Prof. Shakinaz T. El-Sheltawy 1, Prof. Maha M. El-shafei 2, Dr. Rasha A. SaryEl-deen2

1Department of Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, Cairo University 2 Sanitary and Environmental Institute, Housing and Building National Research Center

[email protected]: -E

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research is proposing of new materials using wastes as production starting materials, such as sewage sludge as carbonaceous in nature and rich in organic material. In addition, sludge incineration could help to stabilize and reduce the volume of sewage sludge. Adsorption has shown to be an alternative method for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. In batch process, the effect of environmental condition such as, adsorbate concentration (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L) was studied to evaluate the removal efficiency of SSA. Also, agitation speed (60, 150,200 and 250 rpm), temperature (40, 50, 60 °C) and contact time (10, 20, 30, 60, 110 and 180 min) on the removal of Cu2+ were investigated. The optimized experimental conditions were used for the removal of copper ions from wastewater obtained from El-Sewedy cables industry. Experimental investigations indicated that, at low concentration of 25 mg/L and high speed of 250 rpm, the removal efficiency of Cu +2 by SSA reached 98% with the SSA dosage equal or higher than 3 g/100mL. Adsorption isotherm studies indicated that Langmuir model described the experimental data well with R2 values greater than 0.994.This study showed the ability of SSA for copper ions removal from industrial wastewater.

Keywords: Industrial Wastewater, Copper ions, SSA, Adsorption, Langmuir model.

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Theme (6)6Transportation Planning

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42

A LIFE-CYCLE BENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK FOR

ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM (ATCS) DEPLOYMENTS

Dr. Xifan Chen1, Dr. Sam Salem2, and Dr. Baris Salman3 1AECO Strategic Implementation Manager, Microdesk, New York, New York, USA

Email: [email protected] 2 Department Chair and Professor, Sid and Reva Dewberry Department of Civil, Environmental and

Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA, [email protected] 3 Professor of Practice, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Syracuse University,

Syracuse, New York, USA, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

An Adaptive Traffic Control System (ATCS) is an advanced traffic signal control system that updates traffic signal timing in an automated way to stabilize and smoothen traffic. The rapid technological developments and regional disparities significantly influence the results of Life Cycle Cost Analyses on current and potential ATCS practices. Increasing concerns over the impacts of transportation systems and the potential improvements through life cycle assessment (LCA) studies are urging decision makers to consider the impacts of ATCS deployments from a more comprehensive perspective. Therefore, it is important to examine updated cost and benefits data for the entire life cycle of ATCS deployments in order to develop Benefit/Cost Analysis (BCA) frameworks. In this paper, application of a high-level Benefit/Cost (B/C) Analysis framework to ATCS deployments is presented. The framework was first tested on Ramp Metering Systems in a previous study and its application in ATCS deployments presents promising results. The framework is composed of three main components: 1) Life Cycle Cost Analysis; 2) Analysis of benefits achieved through travel time savings; and 3) Analysis of benefits achieved through reductions in energy consumption. A theoretical case study is used to demonstrate the application of the framework. It is anticipated that the proposed framework can improve higher level decision making procedures of transportation agencies concerning ATCS deployments.

Keywords: Life Cycle Cost Analysis; Adaptive Traffic Control System; Benefit/Cost Analysis; Life Cycle Assessment; Travel Time Savings; Fuel Consumption Savings

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NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, TIME AND COST

MINIMIZATION FOR BUSINESS COMMUTES

Shahryar Monghasemi 1, Moatassem Abdallah 1, Aly Tawfik 2, and Caroline Clevenger 1

1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Colorado Denver Email: [email protected]

2. Department of Civil and Geomatics Engineering, California State University, Fresno

ABSTRACT The transportation sector is reported to generate the largest GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions in the United Stated at 28% as compared to other sectors, including electricity, agriculture, industry, and commercial and residential. Significant portion of the transportation emissions come from drive-alone commute mode, which was reported to be the predominant commute mode in the US with 76.3% of the total traveled miles in 2016. This highlights the importance of identifying solutions that would reduce the drive-alone mode to decrease the transportation related emissions. Accordingly, optimized solutions that provide individualized commute plans and comply with commuter needs and preferences are required to meet this vital goal. To this end, a Business Commute Optimization System (BCOS) is developed, which consists of a Geographical Information System (GIS) and a multi-objective optimization model. The developed system is capable of identifying optimal tradeoff solutions among two important transportation objectives: (1) minimizing total commute footp0-rint costs, and (2) minimizing total commute times. The GIS component of the system measures the travel attributes across all the commute modes for every commuter, including the travel time, distance, cost, and GHG and air pollution emissions. The optimization model is designed to be fed with the GIS outputs to identify optimal commute plans for employees in a business to simultaneously minimize the aforementioned objectives. The developed optimization model is capable of considering commuter preferences, including departure and arrival times, and flexibility of travel duration. A case study of 24 students at University of Colorado Denver is used to evaluate and verify the performance of the developed system. The results of the case study show that commute footprint costs can be reduced in the student community by up to 43%, while minimizing total commute time of students. Keywords: Business Commute, Multi-Modal Transportation Planning, Multi-Objective Optimization,

Geographical Information System (GIS), Transportation Emissions

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INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: CRASH REPORTING LIMITATIONS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES

Dr. Kevin Chang1, Dr. Ahmed Abdel-Rahim2, Shane Warmbrodt3

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho,

Moscow, Idaho, 83844-0901, USA, Email: [email protected] 2 Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow,

Idaho,83844-090, USA, Email: [email protected] 3 Research Assistant, National Institute for Advanced Transportation Technology, University of

Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Crash reporting is an integral part of any transportation infrastructure safety management system. This study examined the effectiveness and accuracy of the crash reporting process across three states in the Pacific Northwest. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with law enforcement professionals familiar with crash data collection and its reporting process. Based on these interviews, a regional survey was developed and administered to officers in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The results indicated that opportunities exist to improve both the crash report form and officer training practices. As an example, officers from the same agency may apply different classifications for identical crash scenarios. Neighboring states use different data collection methods or forms that do not follow recommended Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria (MMUCC) guidelines. For these reasons, further standardization of crash report forms and streamlined training programs are recommended so that crash data can be compiled and comprehensively analyzed to accurately and consistently capture real-world events. Keywords: traffic crashes, safety management, transportation infrastructures, crash reporting

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ASSESSING TRAFFIC EMISSIONS AROUND WORK ZONES

Dr. Sudipta Ghorai1, Dr. Sam Salem2, and Dr. Baris Salman3

1Former Graduate Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA, [email protected]

2 Department Chair and Professor, Sid and Reva Dewberry Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA, [email protected] 3Professor of Practice, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Syracuse University,

Syracuse, New York, USA, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Various sources have documented that the greenhouse gas emissions caused by congestion and traffic delays have increased drastically over the past few decades. In many instances, pavement maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation (MRR) activities can be seen as major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions due to traffic disruptions associated with work zones. Static emission factor models (SEFD) are generally used to predict emissions in work-zones. These models calculate emissions based on average operation conditions (e.g. average speed and type of vehicles). These models produce accurate results for large scale planning studies, however, they are not suitable for analyzing instantaneous changes in traffic, such as acceleration, deceleration, idling, cruising, and queuing in a work zone. This study endeavors to address this gap by proposing an integrated traffic micro-simulation emission model, which can capture the effects of disruption in vehicle operations at the micro level, and can provide an accurate prediction of traffic impacts and emissions for work zones. Software program, INTEGRATION, was used to model a real-life work zone traffic scenario and traffic emissions around the area. The program is capable of computing vehicle emissions such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide for different vehicle categories. Capabilities of the program are demonstrated by presenting the changes in emissions levels for a couple of pavement rehabilitation techniques. Keywords: Pavement MRR; Emission Models; Traffic Management Plans; Work Zones; Traffic

Microsimulation; Environmental Impacts; Sustainability.

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CONGESTION CHARGING EVALUATION TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Seham Hemdan1, Amr M. Wahaballa2, Fumitaka Kurauchi3

1 PhD Student, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan 2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, 81542, Egypt

2 Visiting Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan 3 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT Charging urban roads is an effective traffic control strategy toward congestion reduction. Various charging strategies can be implemented and their effect should be evaluated to determine the proper one to implement. Recent studies showed that the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) is a promising tool to assess traffic control impacts on the transportation network. Existing studies on congestion charging using MFD have relied on a low-scattered MFD. However, MFD hysteresis may exist in real-world conditions (multiple flows may be observed for a given value of density, and the flows during the onset of congestion differ significantly from those during the dissipation of congestion). In such case, evaluations based on idealized MFD curves may provide improper results. This paper evaluated the effect of congestion charging strategies on a multimodal network performance using MFD hysteresis. A multi-agent transport simulation framework is utilized to forecast the traffic conditions under different link-based congestion charging strategies. Moreover, the charging value is optimized to keep the average network density under a predefined critical density. It is found that that considering the hysteresis transitions points in determining charging duration provides a reasonable efficiency in congestion reduction with higher travel time savings than the previous relevant studies. These results may provide recommendations that are helpful for implementing elaborated traffic control schemes. Keywords: Congestion charging, MFD hysteresis, MATSim, Multimodal, Network performance.

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SECURE AND RELIABLE INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT

FUTURE CITY MOBILITY AND SAFETY APPLICATIONS

4Rahim-Abdel, Dr. Ahmed 3, Dr. Sherif Hussein2, Dr. Mohamed Mohamed1Dr. Axel Krings

1 Professor; Department of Computer Science, University of Idaho; Moscow, Idaho, USA Email: [email protected]

2 Lecturer; Computer Engineering Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt Email: [email protected]

3 Lecturer; Computer Engineering Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt Email: [email protected]

4 Professor; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho; Moscow, Idaho, USA Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The implementation and integration of smart city, autonomous vehicles, and connected vehicle applications in future cities will depend on extensive communication of computing devices. Many of the smart city safety and mobility applications are based on vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure data exchanges between different devices through wireless communication. Therefore, they may be subjected to the full spectrum of security concerns associated with wireless networks that are susceptible to different types of attacks. Furthermore, since they operate in a critical infrastructure, where failure of applications could result in injury and loss of life, reliability is crucial. The deployment of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) requires well-defined technologies in order to ensure safe, resilient, and reliable system operation. In this paper we first introduce the underlying technologies associated with VANET that can be used in future cities. Second, we address security challenges and attacks ranging from simple denial of service of communication to sophisticated attacks, and discuss mitigation strategies against such attacks. Keywords: Secure Infrastructures, connected-vehicles, safety, mobility, future city

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