AProject Report

On

“Comparative Studies on Soft Drinks”

LikePepsi, Mirinda, Lehar,

7up, Slice, Mazza(Session 2010-11)

Subiteed To: Submitted By:Mrs. Pallavi Swami Sushmita(Lect. In Chemistry) Class XI

Roll No.

Apeejay SchoolCharkhi Dadri

VERIFICATION

The Project entitled “Comparative

Studies on Soft Drinks like Pepsi,

Mirinda, Lehar 7up, Slice, Mazza” has

been completed under my supervision

by “Ms. Sushmita” student of 11th

Class, Session 2010-2011. This work in

the project is result of student own

efforts.

Mrs. Pallavi Sawami

P.G.T. Chemistry

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express any

gratitude towards all those people who

helped me in various ways in successful

completion of the project. I also thank

our lecturer Mrs. Pallavi Swami whose

cooperation made this project work

possible, I am also thankful to our lab

assistant Mr. Sant Lal as with our is help

this project would not be a success.

Susmita

Class : XI

INDEX

Introduction 1

Aim 2

Appratus 3

Chemicals 4

Soft Drinks taken 5

Procedure 6

Observation 8

Results 17

Precautions 18

Discussions 19

Conclusions 21

INTRODUCTION

In this dynamic third world, life is full of

struggle and tension. People seem to be running

from place to place in search of their destination.

For most of them who have to remain outdoor, for

long hours, nothing is as refreshing as a bottle of

chilled soft drinks. But no one really bothers to

know what he is drinking.

In this project I am representing a detailed

stud y of different drinks which are popular in

India. I have analysed their colur, flavour, Co2,

content etc. and tried to find out whether these

soft drinks contain sucrose, glucose or C2H5OH.

AIM

To Analyse the

Composition of Various

Soft Drinks and to

Assess their suitability

for drinking.

APPARATUS USED

Few Test Tubes

Test Tube Stand

Stop Watch

Test Tube Holder

Wash Bottle

Spirit Lamp

Beakers

Bottle Opener

CHEMICALS

Alpha – Napthal

Ethyl Alcohol

Conc. Sulphuric Acid

Fehling’s Reagent

Iodine

Sodium Hydroxide

Molisch – Reagent

Soft Drinks Taken

Pepsi

Mirinda

Lehar 7up---

Slice

Maaza

PROCEDURE

1. Name the bottles in the order of drinks taken.

2. CO2 Test : Take the bottles as listed and open them

with a bottle opener. Now with the help of a stop

watch note down the time for which the

effervescence take place

3. Colors : Note down the color of each drinks in a

tabular form.

4. Flavors : Note down the flavor of each drinks by

taking a sip from each of the bottle of the soft drink.

5. Sucrose test : Take a small quantity of each drink in

different test tubes. Prepare Molisch solution which

is prepared by dissolving Alpha- Naphthol. In

alcohol addition is not

Necessary as small amount of alcohol is present in soft

drinks as determined through Etherification Test. But to

guarantee the success of the 100% alcohol is mixed with

Alpha-Naphthol and this solution to soft drinks. Also add

Sulphuric acid to test tubes, appearance of Voilet Colour

indicates sucrose.

Test for Glucose

1. FENLING’S SOLUTION TEST

This solution consists of two mixtures i.e. CuSO4+NH4OH

and sodium tartarate. Complex cupric are provided by fehling’s

solution to it. Warm these tubes in water bath. Formation of red

ppt. of cuprous oxide indicates the presence of glucose.

2. BENEDICT’S SOLUTION TEST

Taken a new set of tubes. Add small quantities of different

soft drinks to test tubes. Add small amount of benedict’s solution

to each of the test tubes. A reddish ppt is formed showing the

presence of glucose.

3. SCHIEF’S REAGENT TEST

Addition of equal amount of sciff’s reagent to test tubes

containing soft drinks gives lime colour showing presence of

glucose.

4. TOLLEN’S TEST

It is made by addition of NH4OH to AgNO3 until the

brown ppt. of silver oxide. First formed is an oxide contains

silver ions as a complex with Ammonia (Ag(NH3)2). Add

Tollen’s Reagent in each test tube containing soft drinks.

Keep these test tubes in hot water for 5 minutes and then

shake it. A mirror like ppt. forms on the inner side of the test

tube called silver mirror shows the presence of ddehyde.

5. TEST FOR ALCOHOL

Take small quantities of soft drinks in test tubes and

add acetic acid (CH3COOH) to each of the test tube. Also

add a small quantity of Conc. H2SO4 warm it, a fruity smells

confirms the presence of ethanol.

NOTE: Iodoform test id not effective, as quantity of

C2H5OH is negligible in soft drinks. Moreover other

constituents hinders the test.

Observation table no. 1

(Time for which Gas Was Evolved)

S.No. Name of the Soft Drink

Time Taken

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Pepsi

Lehar 7UP

Mirinda

Slice

Maaza

8 Seconds

6 Seconds

5 Seconds

3 Seconds

No Gas Evolved

Observation table no. 2(Color and Flavor of different soft drinks)

Sr. No. Name of the Soft Drink

Color Flavor

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Pepsi

Lehar7UP

Mirinda

Slice

Maaza

Brown

Lime

Orange

Mango

Yellow

Alcoholic

Lemon

Orange

Mango

Fruit Juice

Observation table no. 3(Surose Test by the addition of Alpha-

Naphthal)

S. No.

Name of the Soft Drink

Colour Flavour

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Pepsi

Lehar7UP

Mirinda

Slice

Maaza

Violet

Violet

Violet

Violet

Violet

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Observation table no. 4(Glucose test by Fehling’s Solution)

RCHO +2CU2 + 5OH = RCOO + Cu2O + 3H2O (Red Pdt.)

S. No.

Name of the Soft Drink

Color Flavor

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Pepsi

Lehar7UP

Mirinda

Slice

Maaza

Red

Red

Red

Red

Red

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Observation table no. 5(Ethanol Test by Esterification)

S. No.

Name of the Soft Drink

Color Flavor

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Pepsi

Lehar7UP

Mirinda

Slice

Maaza

Violet

Violet

Violet

Violet

Odourless

Present

Present

Present

Present

Absent

Observation table no. 6(Confirmatory Test for CO2)

(The gas evolved from each bottle was passed through lime water.)

Experiment Observation Inference1. The colourless and

odourless gas evoled

with brisk efferves-

cence was passed

through lime water

2. Pss the gas through

solution of MgSO4

The lime water turns milky

CO2 + Ca(OH)2

CaCO3+ H2O

Co2/3 +MgSO4

MgCO3 +SO2/4

(While ppt.)

Confirms the presence of

gas evoled as CO2 this test

also confirms the presence

of carbon-ate anions.

Presence of CO 2/3

RESULTS

1. The CO2 contents under pressure was in order

Pepsi, Lehar7Up, Mirinda, Slice.

There was corbondioxide in Maaza.

2. Sucrose is present in all the drinks.

3. Glucose is also present in all the drinks in the order :

Slice, Mirinda, Lehar 7Up, Pepsi

4. Ethanol is present in all the drink in the order of

Peopsi, Lehar 7UP, Mirinda, Slice,

There was ethanol in Maaza.

Precautions

1. The test Tube should be numbered in this experiment.

2. The test tubes should be thoroughly cleaned after each

experiment so that there is no contamination of the

chemicals.

3. The bottle should not be shaken before opening.. This

will result in effervescence for carbondioxide evolution

for shorter interval.

4. Colour and flavour should be noted carefully

DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS

From the above experiment we conclude thet all soft drinks

have certain amount of glucose, sucrose and ethy1 alcohal

besides some CO2 ges under pressure expcept the Fruit Juice.

These drinks do not contain fruit juice but artificially

flavoured, synthetic dies, flavours, preservations emulsifiers and

antifoaming agents are used for special efforts and effects. It is

not possible to detect all the contents of the drinks as it

commercially secret and because of limited equipments.

Excessive intake of soft drinks has been found to wholesome

nutritional feeds from the diet. According to Dr. Charles best

discoverer of Insuloin, over indulgence no nutrition and

diminish the appetite foe nutrious feeds. This leads to liver

damage and may end up in serious condsequences and cirrhosis

of liver.

There is enough evidence that Cola drinks contain caffeine in

varying enough amount to cause abdominal hyperactive

behaviours in children. The caffeine has been linked to

addiction, heart disease, behaviour problems and birth effects.

So, Cola drinks are injurious to our Health.

Bibliography

The various books consulted during the completion of the

project are:

1. Physical Chemistry

By Puri and Sharma

2. Practical Chemistry

By S.K. Kundra

3. Laboratory Manual Chemistry

By B. Sharma

4. Compressive Chemistry

By Yadav, Khanna and Kapila Verma