by
Amen Corner,
 
a
necessitated
copious
separate
introductory
chapters
were struck
Moneyers, Magistrates,
extend the descriptions
of
the
Roman
mint
This
practice
was
in
and
was
not
resumed
under
gold, silver and bronze coinages
of
Roman
in
Rome
itself.
These
date
from
moneyers
and
mints;
these
are
the
Byzantine
the legends
so
such
Museum. It is im-
his chronological
quite indepen-
that
before
March,
he
was
importance
of
to enable Count
of
Coins.
The
lasting
monument
of
his
ex-
Salis
were
struck
in
Italy
from
those
and
progress
of
magistrates of
a
few
complete
revolution
as proposed
considered
Count
de
Salis
had
not
paid
any
particular
Eepublican
the semi-libral, quad-
Central
Italy
appears
to
of
no
fixed
weight
and
Aes
Eude.
medium
of
exchange,
and
not
4-54, i-oi'i, whilst
of
Tnaking
passed by weight.
besides the
measures, but also the practice of stamping bronze for circula-
tion
which
silver coinages of the time of the kings (see below,
p.
xxxvii).
It
was the
opinion of late Koman writers that the introduction of a coinage
at
till
after
of some
a medium of
Decemvirs.
referred
applied
raw
material,
which
could
amongst more
recent numismatists.
that the laention
p: ssiblj
case
each case
Though
the
art.
iJn
n'est
pas
seulement
amene
a
cette
conclusion
mC'Uvement
des
animaux
y
sont
accennies
dins
le
sentiment
de
la
nature.
Mais
c'est
la
has
been
connected
with
the
cc'nquest
of
the
that
the
Eomans
had
to
face
tliat
aninral
in
MZ
-zitiiens,
pp.
20
any,
Eome
herself.
It
would,
with the eagle
Capua, that with the
Luceria, with the facing head
of Minerva or Bellona, and
with the reverse
as we
conceive it
introduction
of
origin under the government
date.
and
lenticular
of aes
grave,^ in
of twelve ounces,
the
system.
The
as
of the second
the Arric standard
as
the pound.^ It
possess it
weight, as it
contained so many
furnishes
a
much
of the
What was the
or was
bronze
and
were made in
the Eoman
beginning of
It was Jupiter
still Dr.
arrangement
of
the
also is not archaic
any subsequent
case
had
the
does not occur
that
this
type
which were
they established
which brought
which
laid
greatest achieve-
Owing
to
compelled
Janus
on
T.
Quinotius
Capitolinus
were brought
to Rome.
in
the
which
decreed
demonetised. These were
the tripondius or
the
decussis
to be
was made in the
is that advanced
that Dr. Haeberlin considers
grs.
(327'45
gramm.)
scruple
between
bronze
and
and
lowest
to the middle of
merit
of Eoma
the face
reduced to a
the reduced
They,
however,
Festus gives it
ounces to the
intermidiaire,
at
nous
la
rejetons
hypothese et
sent trompes}
the statements of Pliny and Festus. It is very certain
that
a
radical
denominations,
the
decussis,
too
small
for
only
fortuitous,
and
a
consequence of the coinage falling in weight, we are disposed
to
attribute
them
recoup
itself
by
the
old
relative
equivalent to
reduced to
two ounces
bp^nze
q
nit«
j^
ssible
and twpe
of denarius,
that the earliest
is
local mints,
it may
if he had
p.
xli).
The
financial
result
of
exchange
with
silver
double
its
of the denarius the
which
are
pp.
coin are at present
further attempt
was made
dodrans and the bes,
the
bes
circ.
B.C.
124
103,
but
M.
Caecilius
Metellus
the
dodrans
Museum
example
to be
during
passing
effects of
the
tribune
Carbo.
victoriatus in B.C.
of
the
reduced
standard,
For
the
same
the
money
was
as the
reduction of
at a
and
of
Victory
and
a
prow
(vol.
i.,
pp.
305,
306).
L.
its
quarter of
commerce the
of one-sixteenth
of the
denarius. By
and east
on the
the
obverse
a
portrait
p.
533),
there
is
a
large
been partially
^^ Naulochus, the custom of placing the names of the moneyers
on
the
of
gold
and
as the
adoption
at
and was
centuries
and
a
half.
In
absolutely
distinguishable
were
abandoned.
great
naval
victories
coinage,
with
a
distinct
obverse
type,
so
that
it
could be easily recognized by this feature if not always by
its size
were
excluded
the
coins, this was a necessity, and the more so since the
size
Certain
regulations
relating
to
and
on
the
and
were, however, two
quinius
of the
(vol. ii.,
Beneventum, B.C.
submission of the
her hands. It is
Picentibus
268,
though
differing
however,
^
of these is
Tullius.
from
whom
it
by
Eome
before
Blacas, and
duodecimal
one
issued
relation to each other.
systems of coinage
scruple
of
and other districts.
crisis.
It
was
in
consequence
of
this
as of four
time there is
says that the Eomans
equivalent of
the effect
(vol.
i.,
pp.
165,
189,
241).
that
of
the
Bea
similar
to
set by
Athens, with
throughout Italy. The type was
a
composite
and Metapontum,
under
Roman
seen on the
uncia, the dupondius,
The
Dioscuri was
also up
to a
are
walking
or
cantering
and
Teanum,
pp.
186,
187).
The
frequency
extended
over
Italy,
where
it
was
introduced
at
a
to have assisted
commemoration
the
coinage at
be
inferred
possibly from
in
curious
contrast
to
the
bronze
was
reduced,
which
becomes
more
marked
of
to
the
Saturn
greater
length
when
we
come
to
introduction
of
with
with
which
217,
this new
Eepublic
and
the
early
time
tion
in
silver.
29
only
a
libral as or
precisely
to
of
value,
IIS.
Its
even
more
exceptional.
As
there
are
or initials, the
there is every
reason for supposing
Papiria
D. Junius
The
issue
till
B.C.
49,
at the Roman
sestertius
inscribed
Both
these
known. It is
Cabinet
p.
37,
after the
et
inde
to
furnished
a
large
its
Campanian
origin,
with the
we meet
coin
which
was
not
marked
with
its
dinate to
by the
Though
it
grs.
as the
Illyrian drachm
appears to
was
the
as
the
continued for some
the same type
historians
of
the
Empire
gave
to
quinarius was
reinstated, but
with types
the city of Yibo
Maseri
extended
she
affairs
outside
T.
the East,
but which
brought into
of the
which
the
on the
three scruples, the
the
; was
for
money
which
was
instituted
in
B.C. 268, and which was modelled on the standard of the
Iiomano-Campanian
is of
asses. On
As,
however,
Mommsen
has
put
the
libral
suggested
that
there
existed
in
it was
which
nature. It
silver
would
successors. It is
when the
of the monarch
whom he had
^
coin
appear
to
century
by
century
This
was
on
issuing
the
aureus,
ordered
that
his
money,
the
Senate
by
determined
repossess
the
Senate
was
determined
on
all
attempts
con-
was,
how-
with
pp.
restoration
in
sacrificial
axe
and
simpulum
the supply of
metal, its
i.e. the
of
a
private
nature,
which
would
justify
the
marks on the
coinage in its
meet
with
only
representations
were
assigned
to
various
turn
was
responsible
time came when the duties connected
with
the
striking
Classes
of
exercise
distribution
amongst
the
this
the
former
being
State.
Another
peculiar
circumstance
connected
with
bear the
pp.
special
reveal
this.
Moreover,
of
did not
we
shall
show
regularly constituted body,
who formed the vic/intisexviri.
this work.
Mommsen's
view
respect-
ing
He says
towards
the end of the last Punic war, when the Eepublic was
drifting towards
an oligarchy,
that the
with the
names of
their families
of
Coimt
de
Salis's
indications on
the earliest issues of the silver money, nor on the bronze
coins
which
was
money
tantal
standard, there
are signs, in the form of symbols or initials, of an
attempt
coinages.
its
third
the lex
to develop,
weight,
bronze
tiona
points of
similarity of
81-82).^ Again,
in
the
Pitio
dates
B.C.
150-125
the
decided
Eoma
descrip-
tions
of
of
that
of
the
obverse
(vol.
i.,
pp.
184-187).
only be
the title of IIIVIR.
Frugi (B.C.
mint
the
Monevers
moneyers
Republic,
be
concluded
seem to have occurred in any
others
which
not appear, would confine
moneyers
magistracy
is
obviously
p.
51.
reverted to
some
reforms,
the
most
silver
as suddenly
as they
so
profusely
heaped
on
him
by
the
Senate,
but
way
received
the
title
of
Pater
with
full
monarchical
power.
not,
however,
abolished,
triumvir
aere,
argento,
auro
flando,
feriundo
coinage, it is
section
of
the
evident
general decree of the
superintendence
of
the
defraying
of
to
meet
with
the
coinage
e-v"ident that
the coins
the
occurrence
was to
the
chief
shows
is illustrated
M. Livius
also a continuous
tlie same
as praetor
to Sardinia
as many
same occurs
on those
of M.
Plaetorius M.
p.
483),
and
those
of
A.
Plautius
and
Cn.
Plancius
(vol.
i.,
pp.
490,
491),
attaches itself
also to
the coinage
on the
reverse (vol.
Gaulish
horsemen
which
he
had
the
sanctioned
this
special
any one it
these coins.
mentioned in detail.
departure of
of
the
arrival
of
Pompeian consuls,
not
tell
us,
nor
does
history
record,
privilege.
It
could
not
siderable
period
under
the
working
to notify to
of
gold
money.
These
the
names
nearly
from
B.C.
with
only
two
whom served under
§VI. The
and
in Italy, and
of type
and space
2
Hist.
Tom..
such times double
was greater
Eoman
custom
representing
the
distinct
composed,
viz.,
Sabines,
the praenomen
was sometimes
Confederates struck during
The names of Quintus
themselves
mainly
Etruscan
to
the
praenomina varied
but little
by
Quinctilil, or
a
strictly
rule.
Every
member
of
a
familial
within the
gens, as
Fostulus, Lepidus,
Lentulus, Metellus,
the founder, as
of pulse),
or with
cognomen (Marquardt, Privatlehen der Bomer,
Mummii
ed.
1886,
p.
13,
note
5).
value
solemn
can be compared
till
aire.
B.C.
240.
It
we first meet
'
abbreviated
monogram,
extended
C
to local issue we
(B.C.
196
not infrequent,
an abbreviated
that
form.
the
single
name,
latter
recurs
inclination towards
p.
567),
and
in
uniformity
noticeable
custom
Wames
on
coins.
often only his nomen, which
is occasionally abbreviated into
calls
Some
care
be
represented,
for
though
he seen
the
praenomen
and
nomen,
and
lastly
how-
ever,
do
not
silver and gold
century
B.C.
To
avoid
EepubUcan money
coinage.
Though
it
the
moneyers,
so
long
as
their
names
quinarius and
nature of hereditary
crests, or of
as
a
hammer
and the
the
other
with
a
entirely
displace
that
place in the
sufficient
importance
to
cause
those
of
C.
Ouriatius
of
Sextus
Pompeius
:., p.
131),
types
with
many
150
had
This
lowering the price
of corn to
had
of P. Licinius
Nerva (vol. ii.,
modifications.
in the
case of
coin,
as
earliest piece
type,
viz.,
a
change
formula
EX
S
name of RoMA was also omitted ; but
this was not the first instance,
as
it
is
absent
with
the
helmeted
head
of
Eoma,
the
other
with
of Apollo.
cases
cannot,
the same category.
There is one
with
ROMA
the
the cast coins,
or
bronze,
from
B.C. 268. On the silver it continued with the exception just mentioned till
the
end
of
space
reverse,
name.
The
next
occurrence
was
only
a
denarii
which
were
almost
the special issue
name (vol.
at
Frugi,
KoMA, when it
those
which
do
not
bear
101.^
The
and
B.C. 114.
in
been the signal
second
century B.C. the silver coinage of Eome was in a fair
way
distinctive
legend
coinage it was
continued to be
and
by the
on
the name
head of some
other di\'iiiity
91,
which
of ^L.
oppressed the AUies
position
which
of
]\Iarius
the
obverse,
and
p.
402,
pi.
xlii.
18),
allude
franchise
to
some
recent
or
contemporary
history.
contemporary
So
events
like
manner
C.
Coelius
his
crowned by
fecit
a special authority to issue coins, probably
to
triumphs of his father-in-law,
three trophies, his
victories in the
by Pompey
in B.C.
55 by
their
own
history.
Scaurus,
in B.C.
with
his
troop
of
the
Sulla. In
consisted
as
Titurius Sabinus and T. Vettius
Sabinus,
who
claimed
;
those
moneyers
proceeded
to
figure
early
moneyer,
times,
on
those
of
P.
Cornelius
Lentulus
Marcellinus
L.
Livineius
are
figured
by
their
only exceptions
the
an
individual.
From
B.C.
50
coinages,
West
a
period
hung in the
Africa
are
records
of
the
long
Caesarians.
as Augustus.
that within a few
policy
but
it
was
participated
in
ii.,
p.
330.
When
from their rare
occurrence that he
direction.
based
his
classification
Lucius
Crassus,
When the
taken
from
the
him the
Towards
the
^
those
had enlisted
in the
;
at first was
for
certain
of
the
earring,
the
the
moneyers'
compared
the
magistrates'
additional
to
did not
possess some
150
decline.
by
the
symmetry of
which
often marred
a
worth
careful
treatment,
or
they
were
beyond
Eevival
of
on
^^-
minor changes a little more in detail in chapter xi.
on
the
chronological
below,
p.
cxvii.
f.).
This
degradation
is
much
 
Coilius
that
no
particular
style
was
money,
the
re-issue
of
the
as
i.,
p.
176,
note.
time was the
Eepublican coins may
engravers
were
cellence of
workmanship. Whether
they were
consisted of
upon
it,
and
vases and cups and all kinds of eating utensils in murrhine.
The display
no
attention was
the more
remarkable instances
p.
436,
pi.
xlv.
1-4),
with
the
with the flower of
over
her
series
none
excel
these
and
a
few
(head
Frugi,
with
the
head
obverse type is in
: either
the design in high
of
blows
necessary
for
44 is
the
Provinces.
In
connection
with
portraiture
in
each
best
the
the first gold
to
A,
and
by
middle
of the century is reached it has quite superseded all the other forms.
It
is
letter, which, from
is mostly limited to
Augustus)
with
occasionally
at
differentiation rising
form without
carelessness the die-engraver. On
more
(j,
cursive
(vol. ii.,
El (see below).
coins previous
(vol.
ii.,
p.
255),
and
on
those
p.
569).
Under
in
CiViS
is essentially
early. At
when the archaic
A.
Hirtius
A.U.C., and in
as
Upsae,
Hypsaeus
centuries.
Clodia (vol.
of
both
sides,
letters
is
best
struck
by
L.
Papius
and
L.
Boscius
 
die.
not
particular moneyer.
then only judge of the
extent of
at the
present time.
From the
revived
pp.
352-356,
388-390)
and
finds.
account
however, is
happens.
More
often
thought
is
to
keep
dispose
has been
scattered, if
the
Tables
of
a few
supplied
approximate
date
be
found
and to pointing
been
determined.
of which
i.,
pp.
184
f.).
assigned
after
similar
proportion
existed
for classifica-
the Social war,
uncial standard, which
of
Egnatuleius (B.C.
mentioned
Period
of
under
Fiesole
hoard
The Monte Codruzzo
individual
issues
p.
319).
fifteen moneyers
of
the
to
the
Fiesole
B.C.
87
and
86,
p.
314).
C.
Egnatuleius
Later
of
the insurrection of Lepidus, which
was
quickly
(vol. i.,
a
later
date
than
those
circumstances.
Another
is that of Eoncofreddo,
after
Finds).
Here,
not
no
less
than
6000
denarii,
seems
to
suggest
that
it may have been part of a military chest. It con-
tained
specimens
of
the
coinages
In
importance
 
be put
found
at
Cadriano,
which
is
within
a
short distance of the site of the ancient city of
Beneventum,
on
the
near
Modena
hoards
part
of
a
military
of
the
denarii
his
occupation
hoards. The specimens
a
which
finds which
point of district, Car-
near
Bologna
and
and the
these hoards
But
in
doing
Finds).
issue, whereas
specially
noted
in
the
dissertation
South
Ossolaro
of
sufficient
Eoman
mints
then
the early part
514 as against 597.
It is
Monn.
rom.,
pp.
31,
32.
battle
of
Actium.
That
of
IMP
a
number
of
Gaulish
silver pieces, which points to the circumstance that the local money
and
which contained
than
three
pieces.
Neither
of
these
hoards
Terranova
Pausania,
in
Sardinia
pieces,
about
160,
of the earliest,
time
there
were
none
of
Augustus
been
increased
if
it
had
been
the East.
Eoman coinage, and how
be
XL Cheonological View of the Coinage.
In order to preserve the sequence of the coinage of the Eoman
mint
it
was
found
necessary
to
were issued
which
have
been
are
were
Provincial
money
purely
will
be
taken
as
the
from
its
initiation
in its classification, will
The
only
pieces
it
comes
to
an
Later aes
introduced.
The
the
denarius
is
denominations
of
the
silver
type,
for reverse of
is
still
the
most
form,
takes the
P
gradually
displaces
P.
but all the
evidence of a
(vol. i.,
(vol.
i.,
p.
177).
The
reverse
types
of
coins
local
issues.
ii.,
pp.
255-261).
is
quinarii
are
given
the
same
type
as
the
the
special
issue
burial
is
assigned
to
this
period
were
discovered
at
the
the denarius, is continued.
of
which are
States
whicli
began in
local issues came
to an end
and
denarius. Mint-marks
are used
in great
variety, and
terminated some
marked
changes.
The
issue
of
is
very
rare,
pp.
B.C. 81
very
rarely
met
with
after
B.C.
64,
the types, which
B.C.
49
Italy.
At
Eome
Munatius Plancus, ia
was
also
a
in
according
to
The portraits of
some of
last
Pompeian and
generals
of
The
finds
are those of Carbonara (II), San Niccolo di Villola, Collecchio,
and
Liria.
B.C.
43
two
denominations
only,
silver.
There
is
types,
except
that
we
get
are inscribed.
we have but ore
pressed, and all the coins, gold and silver (aureus, half
-aureus and denarius),
are the issues of
(b.c.
31),
B.C.
16
of
Gaul,
which
contiuues
many for
assistance in
for
much
valuable
information
respecting
private
collections
few
discrepancies,
some
of
which
might
them
are
H. A. Gruebee.
lumps
mark
of
rndus)
or
aes
infectum.
When
used
for
currency
by
weight.
A
number
were
discovered
called
aes
signatum
(see
p.
3)
weighing from two
weighed
about
of the
a
system
on
a
fixed
speak of aes signaAum,
of defined
representations
of
animals,
custom of
Roman
point. Pliny
as ten
sheep. Fines
p.
5),
long after the introduction
p.
For
instance,
which
The
quincussis
with the bull on both faces is a good example of this money
; and
the
representation
2r387-6
gi-s.
Umbria,
in
1890
{Rivift.
It.,
1891),
weighs
20800
grs.
may
not
be
Italy,
etc.
Being of lighter weight than the piece with the bull, it may
be of
and
thus
ingots
into
Campania.
later
weighs
23796-6
grs.
It,
1891)
above
in
There is also in
the other
a short
sword
or dagger, the handle of which is in the form of
a ram's head.
who
considered
it
to
be
 
,.
weight
when
must have acquired
could have been
the
reverse,
Samwer
shape of prow
4t)i century
before
that
date,
and
in
fixing
see in the
Romans
brought
to
Rome
and
served
Foruni (Babelon, vol.
reverse
type
divinities,
and
it
is
therefore
probable
that
would
the
the denarius, which we would identify
with
1.5). In he case of the Roman colonies which adopted
the libi-al standai'd
was
probably
at
Pesaro,
it fell to
of the
continued to fall rapidly, so that when the triental or
fom-
the
of the
26S,
changes
forecastle
and
a-e.
however,
too
change
of
design
and
not
of
standard.
On
later
coins
the
to
the
libral
standard
well
that respect they resemble
and in consequence a
herself.
Pliny
before
first
surrender of Tarentum.
only
introduction
districts
silver
currency,
the
however,
still
struck
bronze
coins,
the
passing of the
of this
coinage at
of the
which
may
be
mentioned
217 were
;
are all struck.
Beonze (Sextantal Sehies).—
no
evidence
first issue of gold
the gold bullion which was in her treasury. Such an
occurrence
was
not
two occa-
sions, viz.,
when the gold ornaments which had been dedi-
cated to
money (Kohler,
also
for
for close on
effect.
The
types
struggle
the
denarius,
commercial
;
—
the
equal to
themselves
(see
below,
pp.
16,
29).^
li'or
a
Intivd.,
money,
fabric, and
the artists
who made the dies were not unacquainted with the Greek money
then
current
in
and well
denarii of
Series II.
of
and
the
but
and the
next Period.
the
sestertius,
but
before
the
striking
though
slightly
later
486—514
helmet with
visor and
ornamented with
so
we
may
consider
as of one
to
of the Latin colonies,
when the Latin
colony was founded
was
adopted
(see
p.
29).
&c., of the
The ratio
series. The
The
coins
admitted
of
being
struch
from dies, but the larger pieces continued to be cast. The
series of oast
divisions to the
the dupondius
uncia.
These
of value,
of
the
pieces the
Paris Cabinet
by
Arigoni
[Num.
Mus.
is universally
considered to
is
identified
;
the
head
of
Janus
and
Babelon has,
cast
quadrans
Similar.
Similar.
Similar ;
no
earring.''
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
R-OMA
Babelon
mention
on
it.
crested
Corinthian
helmet
and
chlamys
and twenty-sestertii
first make
marks, which
the
fly
of
the
Sempronia
cap
an
are
offices
a
separate
early period,
its fabric and the
the above
The
grs.
(5'44
gram.),
and
therefore
belongs
between
an
adze
and
was
of
which
other
districts
drachm
and
the
Mus.j
Thessaly,
p.
xx,).
in
of the bronze
where its weight
b.c.
268
at Rome
known bearing the monogram
41),
exceptional. The unique
specimen of the
The type of obverse, the head of Jupiter, was probably
copied from the semis
record
This
The
issue
of the victoriatus did not last very long, and it probably
ceased
a
few
years
after
B.C.
200,
but
passing
to which
coin the letter
kingly
as a
a club, are
sixty-sestertii
piece
with
bronze
quadrans,
and
sextans
16,
17,
and
pi.
Ixxxxi.
1).
^
The attribution of this coin to this issue is doubtful, on
account of its
below,
p.
52),
and
there
below,
p.
74).
vol.
i.,
p.
341),
whose family appears to have come originally from Ostia and D'Ailly
{op.
cif.,
p.
436)
an ancestor of the
Other denominations of this issue are the triens, quadrans, and
sextans
(D'Ailly,
op.
cit,
pi.
Ixxxiv.
5-7).
with the
similar to those of Series I. are classed to local
issue
(see
Italy,
Ixviii.,
Ixix.
and
cxii.
2).
Other
537—557
bronze,
the
issue
as
to the
uncia. The
weighing
Geminus and
from
^W
to
53 grs. to 45 grs.,
but
for in
same issue vary
denarius
; but
an
exception
was
made
in
the
asses to
the denarius.
res-
puhlica
been for that reason that the mark of
value
and
it
is
not
considerably
under
was not
537—557
of this particular
triple drop and the
piece
each metal
and of
the
to
this
issue,
but
it
is
possible
that
of
 
,,
„
.
ing crested
with
this
symbol,
viz.,
ing winged
sjnnbol
classed
p.
71).
standard,
have
been
attributed
pi. Ixxxv.
^
Similar.
Similar.
HoMA
(below
; between
two
lines)
the
behind, S
with the
by
a
member
spear-head.
'
or. Victory
I
Dioscuri
occur
on
coins,
silver
and
With the
°
 
recorded
ivith
of B.C. 251
quailrans, and
the anchor as
65
I'.F.P,,
Lucius
Furius
Philus,
who
was
praetor
in
p.
243)
suggests
that
the
initials
Papus
(see
p.
84,
coins
with
S)
and
Matienus
the issues of
and nncia (Babelon,
Period
as
being
frequently
above
the
ounce.
Types
which
occasionally
a
caduceus
is
the
case
of
others of
obverse and
the re-
of
Eoma.
goddess,
with
a
monograms
chronological
of new denominations,
are these
last becoming
towards the
so successfully
fought by
family). A
member of
the
semis,
triens,
on
account
of
the
heavy
necklace;
province.
Mommsen
{Hist.
mon.
rom.,
t.
ii.,
p.
242)
similar
combination
T
(see
above,
p.
65).
The
in the
7W.
B.C. 217,
the
between his
holding the
reverse tyjDe of
British
Museum.
The
same
author
moneyer's monogram
—one struck
two reverse types, i.e. the Dioscuri on horseback and Diana
in
a
biga.
point
of
resemblance
between
features of Eoma are
is
Syria; or L.
coin. Until now the universal and only type of the
denarius
had
this
moneyer
mint
triumvirate.
Roma,
the
two
curls
ing chlamys
and winged
quadrans,
13).
The
Mercury.
He
gives
an
illustration
of
so does D'Ailly
p. 237,
which
style
and
the
peaked,
described
(see
above,
pp.
52),
winged
 
had
seen
in
the
did not note.
seems impossible.
have
met
with.
The
symbol
of a small bird
the National
moneyer's
nanie
wreath probably has its usual
signification,
and
refers
to
some
be coins of this
this moneyer.
In the
prow has
been accidentally
(t6.,
p.
36,
nos.
below,
He
is
the
is
figured
earring with
Quintus
Babelon
(vol.
ii.,
p.
268)
consul
p.
suggests,
a
who
was
sextans, and uncia
weights
Caecilius
Metellus,
who
consul
1896,
p.
61)
figures
a
specimen
in
his
own
collection,
Metellus
(see
below,
under
date
B.C.
124
with this
attributed
A
probable
moneyer
of
the
Similar
the boundaries
p.
285)
B is
in
the
country
Piso
and
Cn.
Domitius
if
we
have
here
moneyer
among
the Blacas Collection.
Further Spain,
this moneyer
'
CN. DOM,
victoriatus, and
coins to any particular member of the
Matiena gens is
He was,
no doubt,
at
tlie
ends,
somewhat
similar
to
that
on
earlier
denarii,
and
the
earring
and
is
not
triangular-shaped.
The
general
fabric
letter
be
mentioned
C.
Petronius,
who
differences
between
Prusias
-
p.
262)
 
ing crested Corinthian
wearing lion's skin
pp.
494,
495).
Bahrfeldt
{Num.
Zeit.,
two
one weighing
belong
to
the
above
issue,
of the
beginning of
member
The
only, and there are not
a few of
biga,
which
was
introduced
during
the
previous
reins in her left hand, and in her right a
whip with
This
latter
form
Period.
in
the
character
of
symboles
'parlants.
The
names
selecting
the
form
he
coin, and
is placed
slight
modification,
when
the
precisely
variety A,
towards the
end, and
Classification.
denarius
certain characteristics peculiar to itself, but all
three
are
connected
by
one
triple
depending from
is,
spiral-shaped.
These
Period, and
a
further
change,
biga
to
change.
type
be
679-722)
(2)
Atilius
Saranus,
at the
of the
patronymic initial
the reverse of the denarius of C. Junius and the
obverses
and
sometimes
a,
C. Junius
p.
103,
noa.
Possibly
son of C. Afranius Stellio, who was praetor B.C. 185 and a triumvii- in Btruria
two
years
later.
gens
whom coins are known.
ever,
recurs
Gr.
the
Afrania gens
occurrence
of
the
dolphin
on
B.C.
152.
Another
member
B.C.
190,
to
arrange
the
who
coins with
and
of
the
we
have
placed on
The
obverse
of
C.
Terentius
Lucanus
(p.
103)
limited to the
if
genuine, the denarii of the Horatia gens, with head of Eoma
and
COCLES
on
three specimens
Marcia
The cognomen Libo was
Atilius Saranus in bearing
reverse
the as (nd.
pp.
183,
184,
nos.
6,
'7).
the denarii
and
history.
The
same
C.
Junius
the form
(p.
91)
and
Marcus
Atilius
Saranus
(p.
92).
of
Tusculum.
On
later
to
of the moneyers
(see above,
was
oadile
B.C.
196,
praetor
B.C.
193,
p.
424)
thinks
that
C.
vol. ii.,
nomen
and
nomeii
(p.
92).
The
fabric
and
style
of
of
a
slightly
later
date
than
those
this
moneyer
and
those
following
of
A
and
A
case of
classed the
brought back
be
magister
magister
equitim
had
as
colleagues
of
r.,* horses galloping,
sometimes -nTougly
met with
on denarii
92,
the
sextantal
268
case it
Sempronius
Pitio
(p.
95)
and was found
who
was
sent
in
years later was
appointed one of
Pisani
son
of
of B.C. 170.
of
being
A
and
L
show
which came
p.
does
appear
to
Bias."
P
famous
Cornelius
Cinna,
the
have been
gens.
mentioned
in
(xxxviii.
35).
The
moneyer
of
these
of
the
Caecilia
Caecina gens
the
latter
is
mentioned
the
the
Caelia
gens
at
 
the
two
remarked that
separate
issues
they
are,
however,
known
withQ
and the monogram
L
been
struck
this
series,
consisting
earring worn by
may,
and the
*
Cornelius
Rufinus,
the
great-grandfather
the first
head
of
Venus,
whose
cult
was
specially
moncyers
formed
a,
mint-triumvirate.
1st cent, b.c;.,
Saufeius held the
but
moneyer's name
L SAF,
which is
without the
crescent,
but
which he would attribute to a later date, as it is of a
different
been
earlier,
and
who
and those of P.
to
NAT
style
and
L. Saufeius and on those
of
Plavns
which
p.
ITS,
no.
7).
horses
galloping
;
former
type,
but
and holding
a whip.
biga instead of
p. 127).
the Cupiennia
though
the
Lupiennii
axe
known.
They
the earlier
coins with
of
the
same
struck
at
Eome,
in
the
as,
the
until ch-c.
to account for this almost sudden cessation
of the issue
large supply
mostly
as
well
as
silver,
of bronze
is turned to the left, and in another it
is
encircled
by
a
There
is,
however,
a
certain
amount
and of Diana,
by
others
of
are of a general
the types of the
only form of that letter used, A and its variants
having
quite
disappeared;
L
becomes
adopted for
the bronze
was thus raised,
that the sign
under its legal weight, and
the
issue
only
for
longer
met
in
many
larger and more
series in the
moneyers' families.
II. It
The
types
a
are
larger
and more upright, the earring is either spiral-shaped or consists of two
beaded
personal
of
to
on the
obverse instead
of on
necklace
and fabric
of the
denarii now
letters
A
for
A
and
L
for
U ,
(see
a
P.
Aelius
Paetus,
a
jurist,
was
plebeian
aedile
B.C.
204,
praetor
also
B.C.
193.
Q.
Aelius
P.
f.
Q.
P.
f.
is
possible
same moneyer's
the above issue
standard,
and
would
therefore
be
from coins and from
Sparta
(Borghesi,
(Biwres
compl.,
the
Greek
word
frr,p
(a
sheep)
which
would
be
a
rebus
instances of
the type
of the
winged
helmet,
&c.,
simi-
lar
that they were
coins issued
at a
of a member
no
may
Perusia
t. xxi.,
p. 357)
are
thus
to have been
Sextus Julius
He
H9.
bearing
the
mark
of
value
assign those
C. Titinius,
the obverse
are
hybrids.
was
L.
Due de Blacas
904),
and
is
a
name of "Roma" on
taking place, not only in the types, but also in
the moneyers'
Borghesi
{loc.
cit.)
who had taken
of the
tlie
coins
Only denarii are known of this issue.
^
members of the Titinia
the
leaders
of
the
slaves
may
have
At
two issues
however,
Livy (iv.
cla.ssed
with
those
of
Flavus
(see
above,
p.
113)
and
Furius
Purpureo
(see
Coins
accepted
by
de Salis, who
moreover attributed that of
than
those
of
Flavus.
It
is
a
C.
Titinius,
Si>urilius
value
XVI,
a bunch
of grapes.
The coins
had
the denarius in
Bahrfeldt
attributing the coins of
but
he
does
XVI.
of
these
Scipio,
B.C.
189,
during
may have
the first-mentioned.
be
a
hybrid."
been satisfactorily explained.
victories of M. Aurelius
took place. Eckhel
Epirus
having
author [loc.
anonymous
coins
with
 
encircling the goddess
origin, and appears
T^-ar. Two personages
( sen
is
synonynioii^.
with
fortis
or
ftrevuuSf
has
been
identified
at another
with A'cnus.
therefore
ventional
form
1896, p.
CN.GELI (Bahrfeldt,
Xinn. Zeit.,
triens read
CN ,GEL
was
have
come
e.g.,
when
M.
Aufidins,
of
it
SC/EVA
not to
Lucilia,
the 2nd cent.
Curiatius
f.
Trigeminus
(p.
134).
Bahrfeldt
{X"ni.
Zeit.,
1897,
p.
4.'5,
and
two
varieties
mark of
value ahove
Tamphilus),
missions to Hannibal
reverse
slight
difl'erence
in
Roma,
on
other
denarii
of
this
ever,
*
Arna>iiug,
Yolusianus,
and
who
was
specially
worshipped
at
 
smaller and the necklace
in
more
than
variety of
Q.
C. Curiatius
denarii of the
two issues are
the same, but small differences show that there was an interval
of a few years
the letters
of the
denarii
p.
J4H1,
The
Minucia
gens,
derived from
Augur, was
Augurinus
in
commemoration
of
his
successful
the price
suffering from a grievous famine. His statue surmounted the column.
The figure
on the
Faesus, one
of the
first augurs
at the base of
the capital
p.
228).
The
has
RoMA to
of such a change.
the as with
bronze as
in
the
previous
some
special
reference
that of
the coins
denominations
of
the
bronze
of
value.
The
moneyers'
cognomen
moneyer's
name
is
omitted,
and
are still further accentuated
viz., in the form of a bunch of grapes, spiral-shaped,
or consisting of
of this Period are
of the
form
A,
and
the
substitution
of
cases to identify
of this Period
winged helmet,
winged
peaked
grapes
with
in Asia
her wearing an earring
grapes. These
characteristics are
the same time
pp.
between
type of reverse
as the semis.
Babelon (vol. i.,
variation in
the type
of reverse
fabric of the
similar to that qn the denarii of L. Minucius and
P.
Calpurnius.
may have been
placing the mark of
behind the
head of
the triens
Pabrinia
is the only
probable that
Latin army
have obtained
type of
is
similar
moneyer, M. Aburius,
ambassador
to
Masinissa
GEM,
hybrid formed of the obverse of the denarius of the
previous
moneyer,
P.
Maenius
drop
wearing lion's
the
denarius
of
Cains
and
Marcus
Aburius
are
denarii of
ing
descendant of
P. Poroius
obverse of this
p.
behind,
S
Similar.
KoMA
of the coinages
AUobroges and
The reference of
been explained.
denarii of Cn. Domitius and M. Marcius Mn. f.
(see above,
coraitia by the whole
refers to the
trial of the
of
M.
happened only
also
Cu.
Domitius
Ahenobarbus
and
Cassius forms a hybrid with the reverse of that of
M. Vargunteius
emperor.
 
v^rearing
lion's skin
;
drop
of
Y.
Dioscuri at the temple
fallen
cognomen
of
were
member is
uncertain, as
Babelon (vol. i.,
L. Caecilius Metellus
(Babelon,
coins may
be ascribed,
when in
 
issue
the
p.
79),
silver quinarius,
From the evidence of finds it seems that this new
coin
soon
put
hoards
The
principal
silver
change occurs,
except that
as was
connected
with
head
instance
occurs
joint-issues
of
M.
Caecilius
Metellus
Q.
f.,
Q.
issuing two
types for
edge
was
quite
exceptional,
as
most
of
edges plain. Amongst
Great,
of
Prom
B.C.
at the
to
the
exclusion
periods.
peculiar
to
this
species
of
; nor could
it have
been with
the object
of proving
in this manner
p.
liii.),
that
they
were
struck
at
local
purposes
outside
Italy.
Count
de
Salis,
however,
with Babelon,
for with
the
well have
process
seems the more probable one if that of the dentated
punch
be
not
consequence
it
the serrated denarii are
In the bronze
or
less
importance
: such
as
quadrans
of
the
joint
issue
of
patronymic initial, and
by the cognomen. The coinage attributed to B.C. 94 was
struck by a
most
moneyers,
qumquevirate
(see
p.
184).
union
to be noticed
Classification.—
the
resembles in
relief, and
the features
appearance
these
different
under
alteration in the standard
chief finds
been set
will
be
be
given
as
victoriati. According
to Count
de Salis's
find
C.
Poblicius
this
hoard,
Garrucci
{Scari,
1883,
burial.
The
contents
so many
specimens of
the victoriatus
was
composed
92
again
not
being
represented
known to
Count de
Salis, it
confirm
the
former's
classification
were
carefully
without
symbols
and L. Pomponius,
Eoncarolo
it was buried
Eiccia and
S. Giovanni
Incarico hoards
do to
were
(Italy,
b.c.
92)
to
B.C.
37,
for a
only
two,
The
only
under
initial
of
Marius
struck
for
to some
how-
ever,
Cloulius (see
p. 167)
in regard
to fabric,
struck
at
follows
his
name,
being
a
letter on
the mark of value as it is on the reverse.
As
p.
106,
no.
8).
Bahrfeldt
{Num.
Zeit.,
1896,
p.
112)
quinarius
has
identified
him
with T. Cloulius, a native of Terracina, who a little before
B.C.
mark of
of the
dies for
the
alphabet,
There
has
existed
hoard
{Zeit.
fiXr
Num.,
(i.e.
B.C.
134
which
different moneyers,
bearing the
the other hand, that,
whilst the denarius and the quinarius niay have been struck by
different the former,
of
those
Pozoblanco, is scarcely an argument in support
of Mommsen's
any
of
of
Carrara
with those of the censors, L. Licinius Crassus and Cu.
Domitius
Ahenobarbus,
as
such
types
of
the
denarii
place them
after those
Egnatuleius, T.
pracnomen
of
the
and Glabrio, appears
(vol. i.,
the
consul P. Kutilius Lupus. He fell in an ambush laid
by
Piso
to
obverse
an
allusion
to
aerarium
quaestores urbani, and from
changing symbol,
of the quinarius
of
style
it will
be noticed
behind
the
head
at the mint.
Antipolis,
and
Xicaea.
The
(lion.
rep.
collection.
to a local mint and to a somewhat earlier date
(see Italy,
that case, the club may relate to the head of
Hercules
semis, is
reading L .
B.C. 123,
but according
puisse en
relief, wearing
Mommaen
supposes,
B.C. 91 (Hist.
against Perseus,
I
RoMA
1st cent.
bronze coins of
the
C.
Servilius,
Sicily,
circ.
B.C.
104;
bearing the moneyer's name
the two
in this
B.C.
202.
He
in
all.
(Plutarch,
p.
229.
C.
Serveilius,
coins to
siege
of
Numantia,
and
this issue
by Count
sought for in
are :
(1)
the
presence
about B.C.
 
head and with
type as the
Cosconiua
M.
f.,
L.
Pomponius
in
one
Scaurus,
occurs
1860,
B.C.
92,
Crassus
colleagues in
coinage, not
comme censeurs,
probable that
tlie association
of
a
special
tlie
year
there
was
some
of five to
more
140,
B.C.
incest, an event
except
the tribunate of the plebs and the censorship; tribune of the
plebs
B.C.
107;
curule
aedile
public
games,
at
which
lion-fights
during
plebs
108)
70.
as
they
vary
in type somewhat from those of his colleagues in showing Roma wearing a Phrygian-shaped
helmet,
C.
being placed partly
on the obverse and partly on the reverse. Scaurus and L. Porcins
Licinus
form
X.
the
irregularities
coins of all the
moneyers of this issue,
the father of the
his chariot.
The edges of the denarii of
each moneyer are
Salis has
coins.
L. Porcius
of
the
mentioned
in
similar and other oiiices
The moneyer is only
between
the
coins
X.
ing
not
peaked
office
was
condemned
having
of its
promulgation would
local
only,
a
Fonteius
(p.
192)
at
 
as
period
of
three
years,
when
it
lighter standard—
semuncial, as
therefore
in
which
102
denarii, which were sent to Naples and were examined and described
by
as Dr. Gabrici does not mention that there were any
coins
which
92)
mentioned
hoards
attributed
extensive. With the
quinquevirate
C.
Sulpicius
C.
mints the
includes
coins
L.
Valerius
Flaccus,
and
P.
therefore
to
were similar
f. and
hoards
moreover, as coins
show
three
circumstances.
In
b.c.
91
Marcus
two main
qiice^tnres
C.
Claudius
Pulcher
(see
p.
19S).
the same time, as
places
on
the
thus
similai'ity,
and
one
another, and
by
been already noticed
relating
au increased
of this year
by a few
case
of
each
issue,
with
the
exception
of
the
and
T.
Mallius,
on
to B.C.
uncertain.
Cicero
(pro.
Font.,
3,
5)
Mn. Fonteius, the son of C. Fonteius, who was the
legate
of
the
praetor
Cn.
Ser-
vilius
at
Asculum
but
apportioning land, conducting a colony, or of the public treasury,
is
uncertain.
be
identified
with
the
quaestor
of
coins
which
ai"e
attributed
C. f. Mommsen
B.C.
him
wnth
the
above
Salis's
two
Similar.
(Nott)
Similar.
[PI.
XXX.
19.]
(Cracherode
Coll.)
coins,
as
ascertainable
from
to the consul
and
Incarico,
Roncarolo,
Pozoblanco
Taranto,
or
Cazlona.
The
bronze
of
the
brothers
of
Catana,
Amphinomus
and
Anapias,
who,
at
the
eruption
of
the
exportation
The
coinage
of
development
in
the
pieces
and
and necklace
first quaestor, then
is
contrary
to
the
cursus
of these coins about
office
viz.,
of
the
coins,
certainly
Appius
i^hey cannot
coins in the following
indicated
by
Appius
The type of
of
C.
p. 250),
Borghesi (CEuvres
compl., t.
struck circ.
that of Ricina,
to somewhat
Mallius
distribution of corn or for its sale at a low
price,
for
the
assignment
of
public
To meet this
coinage
by
be illustrated
victory
won
by
a
member
the
already been noticed. Denarii of Appius
Claudius
in
suppressing
the
Catilinarian
conspiracy,
and
supported
in
Lavinium,
the
birth-place
of
from Troy
and
said
that
when Aseanius, the son of Aeneas, some years after tried to remove
them to
struck both at
much
{Num. Zeit.,
whether
prow,
a
palm-branch
 
Rose,
32).
few
p. 427)
says that
married
the
that he served in Spain. This moneyer must not be
confused
struck denarii
ii.,
p.
213,
no.
1),
of
the
Memmia
gens.
These
last
coins
issues (see It.4lt,
Gallus, but
,
of
the
plebs
25, 117)
the
much
more
C.
his
(sacris
faciundis).
Blacas
(Mommsen,
Hist.
man.
rom.,
t.
ii.,
his denarii
P
and
P
letters
1.
would connect
conveyed the consul,
no record of
so general a character that it is not possible to
connect
in
1.;
which it was
striking
of
from
this
p. 405)
to identify-
to
the
reverse
type
scarcely possible
not
scarce.
There
obverse
type
Cicero
{De
Fin.,
ii.
20)
there was not
against
Hirtuleius.
The absence
any special
p.
379)
their presence in
hoards.
in
horse
is
evidently
of
the
uncial
B.C.
104,
we
learn
Latin letter starts from
from the end
is
bore
it.
Mommsen
{Hint.
mon.
which,
however,
is
evidently
in
the
the
which assumptions are improbable.
The type of reverse
member of
P.
Servilius
Rullus,
L.
attributed the as
tribune
(Mommsen,
p. 390).
B.C.
to
1.
of
Eoma,
A
A
(Blacas
Coll.)
letter
on
reverse
1725
61-9
JR
'75
Bust
of
Ceres
1.,
slightly
bronze known
collection.
The
triquetra
212,
ancient
times.
From
of Verres.
The name
of L.
Jnscript.
colonization carried out
moneyer, and the
12)
mentions
better known, may
Cassia
gens,
and Lucius Cassius
and the smallness of the Han to the denarii of
L. Julius
Bala
are
probably
hoards.
the
or
was
otherwise
on the obverse
C.
Allius
passed
(see
above,
Carbo, by
which the
which
de
Salis
E
•
during
this
Period
are
mentioned in the last Period,
are
extended, and in one instance only is the head of
Eoma
found
on
the
as the mark
of the same
those of
few of
exception,
continued,
and
its
uncia
bearing
a
The
usual
adhered
to
p.
251).
This
is
the
first
instance
of
an
money,
(near Florence), Puscaldo
Sesia
The
Zannoni
[Dei
2110 specimens. There
symbols, it is one of the
most
represented. It contained
with the
Marcius
money
the
of
that it was connected
the
that town called
666—668
L. Oalpurnius Piso
Sabinus.
It
been
amongst
those
or retained
for himself.
Cingoli
district,
each issue
which
n. (B.C.
Galeria
(b.c
87),
and
L. Eubrius
Sesia and
used a number of mint-marks of great variety, especially L.
Calpurnius
Piso
Frugi,
very
in the Social War, to supply
the metal for
the public treasury (Mommsen,
two
moneyers
we
were
Silanus
who
was
different
obverse
types,
94 the
triumvirs of
the mint,
M. Caecilius
needs
C.
cognomen
Silanus,
and
it may
,
by D. Junius
temple
to
of
a
(vol. ii.,
and wearing necklace
hair tied behind
another issue,
Pausa,
under
Frugi,
the
colleague
Jlartiuetti
at
Copenhagen
(Bahrfeldt,
Num.
Zeit.,
;
which he signs
leave
monogram
\/i
right
of
and
the praetorship, B.C.
sestertius (see
p. 280),
which he
coins,
denarii,
except that
on a few rare pieces of the first denoniinatiou it is
turned
horseman-type
the classification
as
numbers, then
used,
number, viz.,
thus,
I-
similar
to
no.
1859 ;
be-
hind,
number
I
on reverse
L PISO
FR.VGI below
on reverse
Seeies
I.
82),
letter
[PI. xxxiv.
Lex
Plautia
Itipirid,
B.C.
89,
and
before
e.g.
81,
during
01-
immediately
after
B.C.
88,
yet
as
others
moneyers'
names
of
a
few
years
later,
it
time,
may
and the
of the
to prosecute
Cornelius Cinna
to Campania,
Pome,
they probably
coins
of
all
three
ordinary
moneyers, but none of those of the special ones. Owing to this
circumstance
this
way
that
the
by
Q.
all
the
bear special
Q.
Titius.
2
Nothing
beyond what
Gaulish
Mercury,
the
type
occurring
on
Gaulish
copper
bound with ivy-wreath
a
star,
dolphin,
Janus
^
probable that these
other
was
consul
B.C.
43,
and
II.
the
quadriga
hand, and spear and
which
her
Italy,
at
Metapontum,
convey any
letters
(Greek
and
Roman),
of this
beyond what we learn
coins of L.
of date
of Type
^
strikes
denarii
with
numbers,
or
letters.
family,
the
rape
Tarpeia.
Luna
into
Tarpeia
met
Et sihi tinrjuendas
ensued.
possible
that
he
acted
fore
next series
all the
Memmius,
tlie
of
(see above,
p. 20 ).
life
of
Caius
Memmius.
quaestor in
Mommsen
{Biat.
Pompey,
Babelon (vol. ii.,
Bithynia,
B.C.
51).
Owing
in
Spain,
and
that
they
issued
5),
however,
only
states
that
of
the
quaestorship,
as
they
occurred
in
the
about B.C. 86.
same
father,
L.
Memmius,
favoured
tlie
Marian
party,
his
sous
special
coinage,
since
the
legend
EX .
S ,
C
C.
Memmius
after-
wards
joined
Cn.
later
moneyers, Cn.
Cornelius Lentulus
and L.
exti-aordinary moneyers only issued
both
occurred a little
after
B.C.
82,
p.
435)
exile, and
the appointment
of Lentulus
been caused
necklace
member
of
and
Romagnano
Sesia
hoards
(see
Tables
semuncial
standard.
Denarii
Romagnano
quinarius, and
colleagues at
the mint.
I
DOS
in the
later,
Roscius, who
shortly after the
burial
must
have
taken
of
Denominatioks
and
Types.
—The
silver coins continue
value,
but as the types of most of these coins are
the same as those with
the moneyers'
A
legend (see
It is possible that some of the bronze coins without
moneyers' names already described
The quinarius
the of
Oassius
which time
the
title
very
those
curious
According
in
B.C.
84
triumvirate of
the mint.
In the
the order
struck
a
distinct
The
names.
During
this
the nomen or cognomen,
one
case
that
letters
variation
in
the
reading
the
moneyers,
that
few,
if
any,
data
are
supplied
from
318
COINAGE
OP
KOME
Eome,
and its effect was soon apparent, not only in the increase
in the number
soon
felt,
particularly
when
required
empowered
to
issue
control of the
which
he
Macedon, and
under these
conditions, the
appearance
his own name only,
Q.,
showing
L.
with
Sertorius,
the
emblems
of
the
all
propraetor,
C.
Valerius
Flaccus,
which
are
attributed
that
correspondingly
later
military
coins
5,000
pieces,
as
whether
present
represented
the
following
served,
and
some
are
and of
C. Valerius
Flaccus, propraetor in Gaul B.C. 82. The date of the burial of
this
hoard
may
therefore
be
coins
decided
of an exceptional
coins of
C. Liciniiis
Macer and
coins of
between
C.
Licinius
Macer,
C.
As we shall show, Mn. Fonteius and
L. Julius Bursio may
-
at a slightly earlier date, and which Count de Salis
has
a destructive
of
moneyer
B.C. 91 (see
afterwards in
the two issues were
identifying the moneyer of B.C.
85 with the
show
any
a year or
the legend
The
similarity
coins of
the colleague
near
his
goat
The caps of
birth-place of the Fonteia
thick
formal
ringlets,
but
loose
one officina^
of C. Vibius
occurrence,
as
to
(see
p.
320),
{circ. B.C.
pp.
157,
219)
coin.
I
coin.
[Eicoio,
Mon.
fam.
rom.,
tav.
reins
in
1.,
at Turin,
contemporary
without the name
Bignami
at
Paris,
(Catalogo,
p.
92,
no.
51),
with
AV
below,
and
As
these
standard they
quinarius, render
it fairly
certain that
Moreover,
no
less
of
his coins in good condition were met with in the Monte
Codruzzo
hoard,
together
with
•
claimed
its
City
(Roma)
(thirty
-one)
in
the
gens.
In
the
inscriptions
the
letters
G
and
C
OCVL,
and
not
OGVL,
only
occurs.
A
is
also
given
as
A
or
A.
could
claim
a
separate
issue
The mint-
names
on the
names
hoard
there
were
of
in
fixing
the
approximate
date
of finds.
always
occurs on the obverse, when given in conjunction with those of
his
chief
member
of
Crepusia
who, in n.c.
being extended
(see
musical
contest
between
Apollo
was attended with such disastrous consequences to the latter. It
is
difficult
to
moneyer
except,
name
of
Marsyas
tribune,
{in
shield,
and
as
(Cavedoni,
Ulysses leaning on a
172
Mamilius Limetanus is
to have
been
a
cognomen
of
the
based
form
On
a
rock
or
hill
a
togate
figure
but shortly
B.C.
presence
;
assigned to a slightly
of
Eporedia,
which
was
founded
;
used as mint-marks
I
XXXIII
number
1;
arrival
Marian party.
hoard, but
that
unearthed
at
Carrara.
might be supposed
that the dies
authorized
by
of the reverse,
special largesse
Sulla and
Sulla,
who
considered
himself
the Greeks, and in
80,
on
the
East
in
his
name,
(see
coins
issued with the
sanction of tbe
issued
them
to
the
case of bronze money,
period.
In
B.C.
82,
in
Ossero
(Istria).
80
these
hoards
happened
at
a
house
on
a
roadway
have been in the
1860,
p.
203)
indicates
amongst
those
attributes {ih.,
vol. ii.,
head
Q.
Antonius
Balbus,
C.
Norbanus,
Q.
however, are
G.
Tar-
Garrara
large and
similar circumstances.
hoard, the
with
the
exception
of
of
San Miniato
Savignano
occurred in
any of
the previously
not all at one
and
Frasoarolo hoard therefore
1876
containing
the
dell' Inst.
There
were
also
and
Q.
Caecilius
date
of
in
itself
consisted
of
list of
type.
of the second
mint, which
of
C.
Annius
Luscus
but
not
later
a very rare
seven, the rest all
mint were those
were
silver coins, all
scoperto
ad
1901,
Bahrfeldt
latest pieces
C.
Annius
82),
may be
of
which
could
not
have
extended
only
a
few,
and
even
in
fabric not
place
of the
lion reminds
r.,
wearing
diadem,
earring,
and
necklace,
hair
long ;
this year are
Those of the latter are of a special issue as
they bear
the letters
Codruzzo,
seven
hoards
attributed
to the
previous year,
been
pipe (no.
head
Nero,
who
praetor who had
which were
differed in patina
been struck as early
Monte Godruzzo,
issue
by
somewhat
less skilful hand. In this instance it refers to the Sabine origin
of
the
Claudia
gens.
The
into Rome
by the
took
any
notice
of
her.
Varro
of
Diana
had
come
from
The
reverse
type
and Hasdrubal in Italy, for which he received a triumph
(Hor.,
runs
from
I
conditions
prevailed
at
the
mint
during
Volteius,
a
friend
of
L.
Caecilius
Metellus,
p.
522)
gives
them
coins of L.
from
was
tribune
committed
during
his
in the
with the
gens, but it may
of
Juno
i.
29).
In
this
instance,
not very
that
occurred
in
the
Hev-Szamos
hoard.
There
was
only
one
B.C.
69,
of some
contemporaneous,
and
that
these
moueyers
narrow limits
They were
struck shortly before the
Liber are
and
those
with
the
Satrienus (B.C.
p.
392).
M.
78,
that he
had as
colleague L. Caasius, and, moreover, that his issue was at least partly a special one.
Mommsen (Hist.
of
Jupiter
and
a
representation
of
his
September
ludi Pleheii,
whose
and
Ceres
in
a
Liber,
and
with
struck
till
Salis
has
tied into a
helmet is
ing
most ancient,
kings.
The
cognomen
would,
therefore,
but
as
they
were
their striking
of the
Cluentius
in
B.C.
69
(Cicero,
pro
Ixv.,
182).
This
is
the
only
member
behind,
Trio
and
ordinary moneyer, the latter
present
writers. An
the middle of the
sun and moon
are a
names
were
not
unusual
at
of Neptune and the Genius on the dolphin are evidently
intended to
assigned
the
coinages
of
;
of
of Palestrina.
We may
gather from this evidence that as no denarii classed to a later date
than
B.C.
;
in those
the date
to
Rome
till
after
crushing
above
mentioned
by
Cicero.
The
explain,
and
MAXSVMVS
for
MAXIMVS
n.
light,
the
frequent
reference
to
two
The
Eo-natia
gens
the independence of their country, aud
now
that
discord
was
at
an
end,
Very little is known of the Farsuleia gens, though it
was
of
ancient
coins.
his
appointment
probably
Farsuleius Mensor,
has been
about his
v.,
p.
212)
90),
and
which
or the Genius of the Roman
people,
inviting
enter
her
chariot.
some
member
of
and that they illustrate Sulla's famous letter to the Senate
after the
Marian
party.
The
head
of
Libertas
on
of the
Numidian campaign. This
evidence
of
mentioned by
quaestor-
Plaetorius were
Frascarolo,
a fleur
fabric, however,
of Juno Moneta
to those
unusual
at
of
this
is
also
possible
Frascarolo
coins as
special one,
near
Caesena,
in
The
moneyer
resided till
B.C. 58.
out
in
and was
struck coins
;
of the
Rome, and those of the latter
from
were
doomed
to
destruction
(Smith,
Biog.
of
Q.
Pomponius
There is
a certain
the
obverse
only
member
at some
a
somewhat
earlier
date,
of the moneyer probably took an active part. As the
reverse type
of
Q.
Crepereius,
(see
p.
was
hoards
Compito
(Prov.
appear
to
have
been
there were no great military
movements. In
of classification.
we
and style, and on
remote times are recorded
we meet
employed
freely,
the extent of an
from
well
illustrated
in
During
the
only
twenty-eight
shows
three,
exercised
seems
to
be
more than
a year. Though on two occasions only, viz., in B.C. 72 and
71,
the
yet there is
joint-issue
of
the
names,
and it occurs
the
the
continued
at
in the
lower
relief
found that
hoards,
of a
ment. The hoard is therefore
not
circulation at
earthenware vessel, and were
recent
pieces
in
the
hoard.
T. Cloulius,
;
is
about
the
date
fixed
by
Mr.
Baxter.
At
in
1810
a
by
were
date
latest pieces were
50),
assigned by Count
the denarius of Caesar
hoard may therefore be put
to the end of B.C. 50 or to the beginning of B.C.
49,
and
contain any of the coins which
are attributed to
before the arrival of Caesar, it was
the
property
of
a
rich
The
burial
be
attributed
to
this
circumstance.
ing r.
of precisely the
quite
himself
Q.
legate
in
49,
consul
B.C.
47.
After
the
families,
but
during
Clusinm.
an allusion
intended
to
convey
the
a
more
probable
explanation
foundation of the
took part in the
suggested that one
inserted into the
Hev-Szamos hoard after
a
grandson
of
the
consul
of
the
rewarded
the Manius Aquillius,
to
circ.
B.C.
90,
and
are
classed
to
a
local
mint
(see
Italy,
circ.
B.C.
90).
circ. B.C. 14 (Babelon,
B.C.
54,
the
of
the
a joint-coinage the
of
work
fabric
with
types
This
new
^
Paullus Lepidus, the colleague of L. Scribonius Libo at the
mint,
is
was
exiled
with
coins
at circ. e.g. 54. The above coins belong to the
separate
issue
of
Paullus
Lepidus,
L.
of
days. The
;
whom
he
subsequently
34,
having
Mark
rej)resented
on
coius
from
Galba
mark,
(CAIUS HOSIDIUS CAII
consists of the obvers of the denarius of the former,
and
is
occurrence of the
p. 416).
Greek
vs.
This
and
his
other
on the obverse
the
conquest
wearing
the
following
issues
as
Lower Rhine
between
Caesar
and
Pumpey.
He
was
killed in B.C. 43 in the first of the battles in
the neighbourhood
^
us to
her most
dwelt
there.
to her
earlier
than
either
was noticeable in the
the
B.C. 64
(see below,
himself
IIIVIR
have had colleagues
were,
-
attributed, was the
accuser, in B.C.
war B.C.
quindecimviri,
an
Sibylline
books,
virtue
of
sacred rites
M'hich those
Diana,
to
p.
180).
The
torque
70,
office
that
he
issued
this
special
coinage,
B.C.
space of
a year
or two.
It would
mi.«government in Spain
B.C.
68,
when
D.
Matriuius,
Plaminius
51 he was condemned, but it is not known for
what offence
20,
8).
In B.C. 44 we find him a neighbour of Atticus the
philosopher
a
variety
and for some
his
office
had the
of
and
he
of the
conjectural.
Portuna,
and
he
Fortana Felix
Q.
temple
which
was
dedicated
to
Portuna.
reverse holds,
wood or other materials,
at the time of the
celebration
Floreales,
precisely
an ear of
have
occurred
about
occasion,
Libo,
of the
curule aediles.
the
last
one.
It
only
remains
moneyer,
Q.
Pompouiua
Musa.
the statues
of Hercules and of the nine Muses, which M. Fulvius Xoliilidr
placed in the
during
his
censorship
in B.C. 179. He is said to have adorned the temple with paintings and statues, which
he had
in
B.C.
189.
the
other
types,
i.e.,
of a
diiferent form.
hair is
the ear,
Fortuna
of
Type
II.
their various attributes
voice, sings
and accompanies
open
Poetry,
stands
in
a
which
and plectrum in r.
a
Fust.
ii.
643
f.
f.
Frugi
(see
p.
446),
and
the
on those
evident
that
M. Aemilius Lepidus,
(see Coinage
provinces
in
B.C.
42,
Lepidus
received
Africa,
(see
The
B.C. 6.5 refer to events connected with
the of two of
B.C.
187,
wlio
is
said
to
have
served
in
the
arniy
i.
1)
ho^f'jniinteremit,
Capiiolio
stafuo
coins
may
be
the
statue
referred
for that of Roma,
infant
sovereign,
youngest of
the ambassadors, he seems to have enjoyed the most power and
influence,
and
accordingly,
ancient writers speak of him alone as the ttUor of the Egyptian king.
It
was
not
head
of
Alexandria
and it
is
only
necessary
to
draw attention to the duplication of the consonant, XS for X,
in
the
legend
ALEXSANDREA,
Similar
forms
of
orthography
have
been
met
with
is attributed
to circ.
the
in B.C. 63, and in B.C. 58 he was
appointed
moneyer.
his father-in-law,
thirty he
ii.,p.
-iHo),
and
his
of
as. The
character, and
haphazard.
on reverse
Similar to
3654;
C-P
ISO
hind
head
of
and
symbol
gallop-
3654
Naked horseman
fillet
i
C
465
No.
Weight
^^f^^
and
Size
M
-7
3779
Similar
CriSO. L
torch in 1. hand;
with jewels
and throughout there
Eomau Kepublic.
To the
type,
throughout a similarity
of the hair,
and
of
last being usually like a cross.
Frequently, too, in the case of male
heads,
of contemporary men, but
of M.
who held
Publicius Malleolus.
with their
reverse may
reference
to
somewhat
warriors
Sufenas, who was
tribune of the
C.
Cato
50,
Sufenas
was
appointed
propraetor
was appointed one of
63
of
Sextus
Nonius,
Yictoriae
SuUanae
of Roma crowned
p.
487),
more
holding
helmet,
but
all
of Saturn is
those
former is
must have been nearly
B.C.
89,
taking
of
Jerusalem,
which
occurred
history of this
in
the
type,
attributed to the
goddess
had
a
famous
of
Aphrodite
was
built
(Doct. num.
three, by Augustus.
couches,
was
first
Mommsen
(Hist.
mon.
rom.,
t.
ii.,
of the
to
Asia.
B.C.
58,
curule
colleague. In
failed to
: that
and was issued during
their joint aedileship in
pp.
489-492)
name,
YPSAE
and
HYPSAE,
Cavedoni. The precise
cit.,
p.
491)
a
little
later,
to Rome in
year
received
a
do
not
include
the
name
of
C.
Plautius
Venue,
that of
identified
with
P.
Fonteius,
was
scarcely
twenty
years
of
was consul B.C.
was
ordinary and a special one :
the
former
struck
of the senate-house
partisans
of
Pompey
Yesta on Type II. to that
of Concordia
on the
the same
Of Type I.,
resembles
167 conducted
13.]
Coll.)
Similar.
(Cracherode
Coll.]
Similar.
receiying
the votes, and on the other, the tabella or voting tablet,
inscribed with the letters
not in an
urn, as shown
which
r HYPSAEVS
AED CVR-
curule aedileship
period when
vol.
i.,
p.
21).
he struck
of his earlier
colleague, Marcus
previously
witnessed
to meet the
on the
of
those
of
Q.
Caepio
Brutus
a
laurel-branch
branch,
and
only
de Salis are those
Marcius, the fourth
king of Rome,
as found
already been noticed as
instances in
not
nominative
case.
A
M. Licinius Crassus Dives, the
triumvir,
Mesopotamia,
and on his
censorships of his father, B.c
65,
and
the
Eqiiites
-was
one
of
the
p. 512)
gives the
55,
evidently
connected
the
type
with
of
his
coins.
during
his
of
Finds).
on account of which
subject Pompey is said to have had engraved on his
seal (Dion Cass.,
circumstance
to
Roman
people
in
B.C.
63,
and
which
he
was
authorized
to
40).
It
quaestorship,
received
the
submission
of
King
Porapey
in
Asia,
connected
with
of Aristobulus.
Babelon (Rev.
Bacchus," i.e. the high priest of the temple of Jerusalem,
who
was
no
other
may have
sovereign, or may have been a petty Syrian
prince,
and
that
he
actually
would be
that he
are known.
types
may
appear
the year of the consulship of
M.
of
those of Mn. .Acilius
of
held