Cognitive Radio Network Security

7/21/2019 Cognitive Radio Network Security

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cognitive-radio-network-security 1/34



“Cognitive Radio Communications and Networks: Principles and Practice” By A. M. Wyglinski, M. Nekovee, Y. T. Hou (Elsevier, December !!"# 2

/u)line

A )'0onomy o1 %+ securi)y )&re')s

2rim'ry user emul')ion '))'cks

By3'n)ine 1'ilures in is)ribu)e sec)rum sensing

ecuri)y vulner'bili)ies in 4EEE 5!.



“Cognitive Radio Communications and Networks: Principles and Practice” By A. M. Wyglinski, M. Nekovee, Y. T. Hou (Elsevier, December !!"# 3

4n)rouc)ion

uccess1ul eloymen) o1 %+ ne)-orks 'n )&e re'li3')ion o1)&eir bene1i)s -ill een on )&e l'cemen) o1 essen)i'lsecuri)y mec&'nisms

Emergence o1 )&e oor)unis)ic sec)rum s&'ring (/#'r'igm 'n cogni)ive r'io )ec&nology r'ises ne- securi)yimlic')ions )&') &'ve no) been s)uie reviously

+ese'rc&ers &'ve only recen)ly s)'r)e )o e0'mine )&e securi)yissues seci1ic )o %+ evices 'n ne)-orks



“Cognitive Radio Communications and Networks: Principles and Practice” By A. M. Wyglinski, M. Nekovee, Y. T. Hou (Elsevier, December !!"#

ome +ecen) 2ublic')ions on %+ecuri)y

4

• +. %&en, 6. 2'rk, 7 6. +ee, “De1ense 'g'ins) rim'ry useremul')ion '))'cks in cogni)ive r'io ne)-orks,” IEEE Journal onSelected Areas in Communications, vol. 8, no. $, 6'n. !!5.

• +. %&en, 6. 2'rk, T. Hou, 7 6. +ee, “To-'r secure is)ribu)e

sec)rum sensing in cogni)ive r'io ne)-orks,” IEEE Comm.Magaine, vol. 98, no. 9, !!5.

• . :i'o, 6. 2'rk, 'n Y. Ye, “T'mer +esis)'nce 1or o1)-'reDe1ine +'io o1)-'re,” IEEE Computer So!tware and

Applications Con!erence, 6uly !!".

• ;. Bi'n 'n 6. 2'rk, “ecuri)y <ulner'bili)ies in 4EEE 5!.,”

"ourt# International $ireless Internet Con!erence, Nov. !!5.




ome +ecen) 2ublic')ions on %+ecuri)y

• T. %l'ncy, N. =oergen, “ecuri)y in %ogni)ive +'io Ne)-orks>T&re')s 'n Mi)ig')ion,” Int%l Con!erence on Cognitive Radio&riented $ireless Networks and Communications, M'y !!5.

• T.B. Bro-n 'n A. e)&i, “2o)en)i'l cogni)ive r'io eni'l?o1?service vulner'bili)ies 'n ro)ec)ion coun)erme'sures> 'mul)i?imension'l 'n'lysis 'n 'ssessmen),” Journal o! Mo'ileNetworks and Applications, vol. $@, no. *, /c). !!5.

• A. Br'-erm'n e) 'l., “To-'rs ' 1r'u?reven)ion 1r'me-ork1or so1)-'re e1ine r'io mobile evices,” E(RASIP Journal on$ireless Comm. and Networking, vol. !!*, no. @, !!*.

• .B. Mic&'el e) 'l., “A 1r'me-ork 1or secure o-nlo' 1orso1)-'re?e1ine r'io,” IEEE Comm. Magaine, 6uly !!.

• 2. l'nig'n e) 'l., “Dyn'mic olicy en1orcemen) 1or so1)-'ree1ine r'io,” )*t# Annual Simulation S+mposium, !!*.

5




A T'0onomy o1 %+ ecuri)y T&re')s

6

C R n e t w o r k

s e c u r i t y t h r e a t s

R a d i o s o f t w a r e

s e c u r i t y t h r e a t s

S p e c t r u m a c c e s s -

r e l a t e d s e c u r i t y t h r e a t s

T h r e a t s t o i n c u m b e n t

c o e x i s t e n c e m e c h a n i s m s

T h r e a t s t o s e l f -

c o e x i s t e n c e m e c h a n i s m s

• S e c u r i t y t h r e a t s t o t h e

s o f t w a r e d o w n l o a d p r o c e s s

• S p e c t r a l “ h o n e y p o t s ”

• S e n s o r y m a n i p u l a t i o n :

- P r i m a r y u s e r e m u l a t i o n

- e o s p a t i a l m a n i p u l a t i o n

- C h a ! p o i n t a t t a c k

- S p a m p o i n t b i a s a t t a c k

• " b s t r u c t s y n c h r o n i # a t i o n o f $ P s

• T x f a l s e % s p u r i o u s i n t e r - c e l l

b e a c o n s & c o n t r o l m e s s a ' e s (

• ) x p l o i t % o b s t r u c t i n t e r - c e l l

s p e c t r u m s h a r i n ' p r o c e s s e s

• * n a u t h o r i # e d p o l i c y c h a n ' e s

• T a m p e r i n ' w % C R r e a s o n e r s

& e + ' + , S y s t e m S t r a t e ' y R e a s o n e r

P o l i c y R e a s o n e r (

• S o f t w a r e . P t h e f t

• S o f t w a r e t a m p e r i n '

• . n / e c t i o n o f f a l s e % f o r ' e d

p o l i c i e s

• . n / e c t i o n o f f a l s e % f o r ' e d

S 0 u p d a t e s

• . n / e c t i o n o f m a l i c i o u s S 0

& 1 i r u s e s (




T&e 4mor)'nce o1 Dis)inguis&ing2rim'ry Csers 1rom econ'ry Csers

ec)rum us'ge scen'rio 1or ' secon'ry user 2erioic'lly se'rc& 1or sec)rum “-&i)e s'ces” (i.e.,

1'llo- b'ns# )o )r'nsmi)receive ')'

W&en ' rim'ry user is e)ec)e in i)s sec)rum b'n

4mmei')ely v'c')e )&') b'n 'n s-i)c& )o ' v'c'n)one “ver)ic'l sec)rum s&'ring”

W&en 'no)&er secon'ry user is e)ec)e in i)ssec)rum b'n W&en )&ere 're no be))er sec)rum oor)uni)ies, i)

m'y c&oose )o s&'re )&e b'n -i)& )&e e)ec)esecon'ry user “&ori3on)'l sec)rum s&'ring”

%+ MA% ro)ocol gu'r'n)ees 1'ir resource 'lloc')ion'mong secon'ry users

7




2rim'ry Cser Emul')ion A))'cks

8




E0is)ing Tec&niue ($#> Csing EnergyDe)ec)ion )o %onuc) ec)rum ensing

Trus) moel An energy e)ec)or me'sures + energy or )&e +

)o e)ermine -&e)&er ' given c&'nnel is ile or no)

econ'ry users c'n recogni3e e'c& o)&erFs sign'ls

'n s&'re ' common ro)ocol, 'n )&ere1ore 're 'ble)o ien)i1y e'c& o)&er

41 'n unien)i1ie user is e)ec)e, i) is consiere 'rim'ry user

9




E0is)ing Tec&niue ($#> Csing EnergyDe)ec)ion )o %onuc) ec)rum ensing

2roblem> 41 ' m'licious secon'ry user)r'nsmi)s ' sign'l )&') is no) recogni3e byo)&er secon'ry users, i) -ill be ien)i1ie 's 'rim'ry user by )&e o)&er secon'ry users

4n)er1erence )o rim'ry users 2reven)s o)&er secon'ry users 1rom 'ccessing )&')

b'n

10




E0is)ing Tec&niue (#> M')c&e il)er 'n%yclos)')ion'ry e')ure De)ec)ion

Trus) moel M')c&e 1il)er 'n cyclos)')ion'ry 1e')ure e)ec)ors

're 'ble )o recogni3e )&e is)inguis&ingc&'r'c)eris)ics o1 rim'ry user sign'ls

econ'ry users c'n ien)i1y e'c& o)&erFs sign'ls 2roblem> 41 ' m'licious secon'ry user

)r'nsmi)s sign'ls )&') emul')e )&ec&'r'c)eris)ics o1 rim'ry user sign'ls, i) -ill beien)i1ie 's ' rim'ry user by )&e o)&er

secon'ry users 4n)er1erence )o rim'ry users

2reven)s o)&er secon'ry users 1rom 'ccessing )&')b'n

11




E0is)ing Tec&niue (@#> Guie) 2erio1or ec)rum ensing

Trus) moel De1ine ' “uie) erio” )&') 'll secon'ry users s)o

)r'nsmission. 4) is eic')e 1or sec)rum sensing.

Any user e)ec)e in )&e uie) erio (using energy

e)ec)or, m')c&e 1il)er or cyclos)')ion'ry 1e')uree)ec)or# is ' rim'ry user

2roblem> 41 ' m'licious secon'ry user )r'nsmi)ssign'ls in )&e uie) erio, i) -ill be ien)i1ie 's' rim'ry user by )&e o)&er secon'ry users 4n)er1erence )o rim'ry users

2reven)s o)&er secon'ry users 1rom 'ccessing )&')b'n

12




T&e Disru)ive E11ec)s o1 2rim'ry CserEmul')ion A))'cks

13

Malicious PUE attacksSelfish PUE attacks




Tr'nsmi))er <eri1ic')ion 1or ec)rumensing

Tr'nsmi))er veri1ic')ion 1or sec)rum sensing iscomose o1 )&ree rocesses>

<eri1ic')ion o1 sign'l c&'r'c)eris)ics

Me'suremen) o1 receive sign'l energy level

oc'li3')ion o1 )&e sign'l source

14




A lo-c&'r) o1 )r'nsmi))er veri1ic')ion

15




%&'llenges in 2T oc'li3')ion

2rim'ry sign'l )r'nsmi))er (2T# loc'li3')ion is morec&'llenging )&'n )&e s)'n'r loc'li3')ion roblem ue )o )-ore'sons

No moi1ic')ion s&oul be m'e )o rim'ry users )o'ccommo')e )&e DA o1 license sec)rum. T&is

reuiremen) e0clues )&e ossibili)y o1 using ' loc'li3')ionro)ocol )&') involves )&e in)er'c)ion be)-een ' rim'ryuser 'n )&e loc'li3')ion evice(s#.

2T loc'li3')ion roblem is ' non?in)er'c)iveloc'li3')ion roblem

W&en ' receiver is loc'li3e, one oes no) nee )o consier)&e e0is)ence o1 o)&er receivers. Ho-ever, )&e e0is)ence o1mul)ile )r'nsmi))ers m'y ' i11icul)y )o )r'nsmi))erloc'li3')ion

16




A solu)ion )o 2T oc'li3')ion

M'gni)ue o1 'n + v'lue )yic'lly ecre'ses 's )&e is)'ncebe)-een )&e sign'l )r'nsmi))er 'n )&e receiver incre'ses

41 one is 'ble )o collec) ' su11icien) number o1 +me'suremen)s 1rom ' grou o1 receivers sre' )&roug&ou) 'l'rge ne)-ork, )&e loc')ion -i)& )&e e'k + v'lue is likely )o

be )&e loc')ion o1 ' )r'nsmi))er.

Av'n)'ge o1 )&is )ec&niue is )-o1ol,

/bvi')es moi1ic')ion o1 rim'ry users 'n

uor)s loc'li3ing mul)ile )r'nsmi))ers )&') )r'nsmi)sign'ls simul)'neously

17




By3'n)ine 1'ilures in is)ribu)esec)rum sensing

%'use o1 By3'n)ine 1'ilures in is)ribu)e sec)rumsensing (D#

M'l1unc)ioning sensing )ermin'ls

ec)rum sensing ')' 1'lsi1ic')ion (D# '))'cks

A m'licious secon'ry user in)en)ion'lly sens 1'lsi1ie loc'lsec)rum sensing reor)s )o )&e ')' collec)or in 'n '))em) )oc'use )&e ')' collec)or )o m'ke incorrec) sec)rum sensingecisions

18




D A))'cks

19




Moeling o1 D 's ' 'r'llel 1usionne)-ork

We c'n moel )&e D roblem 's ' 'r'llel 1usionne)-ork

20




D')' 1usion 'lgori)&ms 1or D

Decision 1usion

B'yesi'n e)ec)ion

Neym'n?2e'rson )es)

Weig&)e seuen)i'l rob'bili)y r')io )es) (W2+T#

21




/er')ing Environmen) o1 5!. Ne)-orks

23

TV transmitters

WRANBase Station

Wirelessmicrophones

Wirelessmicrophones

WRANBase Station

: CPE (Consumer Premise Equipment)

: WRAN Base Station

Typical ~33km

Max. 100km

Incumbent services:• TV broacast services• Part !" evices (#ire$ess microp%ones)




2HY?'yer uor) 1or %oe0is)ence

T-o?s)'ge sec)rum sensing in uie) erios (G2s#

's) sensing s)'ge> ' uick 'n simle e)ec)ion )ec&niue,e.g., energy e)ec)ion.

ine sensing s)'ge> me'suremen)s 1rom 1's) sensing

e)ermine )&e nee 'n ur')ion o1 1ine sensing s)'ge. ync&roni3')ion o1 overl'ing BsF G2s

24

BS1

BS2

Time

BS3

Fast sensing 802.22 TransmissionFine sensing

Cannel !etection Time

Fast sensing Fine sensing














%ogni)ive MA% (%MA%# 'yer($#

T-o )yes con)rol mess'ges

M'n'gemen) mess'ges> in)r'?cell m'n'gemen)

Be'cons> in)er?cell coorin')ion

4n)er?cell sync&roni3')ion

r'me o11se) is con)'ine in be'con 'ylo' T&e receiver B er1orms 1r'me sliing )o sync&roni3e -i)&

)&e )r'nsmi))er B.

25




%ogni)ive MA% (%MA%# 'yer(# 4n)er?B yn'mic resource s&'ring

Neee -&en Go o1 'mi))e service -orklo' c'nno) bes')is1ie

5!. rescribes non?e0clusive 7 e0clusive sec)rum s&'ring

/n?em'n sec)rum con)en)ion (/D%# ro)ocol elec) ' )'rge) c&'nnel )o con)en

E'c& B selec)s ' %&'nnel %on)en)ion Number (%%N# 1romI!,$ J.

B -i)& ' gre')er %%N -ins )&e 'ir?-ise con)en)ionroceure.

B -ins )&e c&'nnel i1 i) -ins 'll 'ir?-ise con)en)ionroceures -i)& 'll co?c&'nnel Bs.

4n)er?cell be'cons use )o c'rry ou) /D%

26




%ogni)ive MA% (%MA%# 'yer(@#

2ro)ec)ion o1 2'r) K9 evices (-ireless micro&ones#

%l'ss A solu)ion

A se'r')e be'con evice eloye

Tr'nsmi) s&or) -ireless micro&one be'cons (WMB#

Cse WMBs )o no)i1y colloc')e 5!. cells 'bou) oer')iono1 2'r) K9 evices

%l'ss B solu)ion

A seci'l )ye o1 %2E is eloye

%l'ss B %2Es e)ec) 2'r) K9

evice oer')ions 'n no)i1yo)&er 5!. sys)ems

27

WRAN

Base Station

WirelessMIC

Class B CPE




/vervie- o1 5!.Fs ecuri)y ubl'yer

5!. securi)y subl'yer rovies con1ien)i'li)y, 'u)&en)ic')ion 'nin)egri)y services 1or in)r'?cell m'n'gemen) mess'ges

2;M (2riv'cy ;ey M'n'gemen)# ro)ocol

Enc'sul')ion ro)ocol

4) 1'ils )o ro)ec) in)er?cell be'cons use in coe0is)ence mec&'nisms

28

%MA% mec&'nismsro)ec)e by

5!.Fs securi)ysubl'yer




ecuri)y <ulner'bili)ies in 4n)er?%ell%oe0is)ence Mec&'nisms

4n)er?cell be'cons 're no) ro)ec)e by 5!.Fssecuri)y subl'yerL

Be'con 'lsi1ic')ion (B# '))'ck

T-o )yes o1 B '))'cks

T0 o1 1'lse1orge in)er?cell be'cons )o isru) sec)rum con)en)ion rocesses

Ne)-ork )&roug&u) ro

in)er1ere -i)& in)er?cell sync&roni3')ion Cnermine )&e 'ccur'cy o1 sec)rum sensing

@!




Disru)ing 4n)er?cell ec)rum %on)en)ion

/bec)ive o1 B '))'cks

Disru) sel1?coe0is)ence mec&'nisms (sec)rum con)en)ion rocesses#

A))'ck me)&o

orge in)er?cell be'cons -i)& 'rbi)r'rily l'rge %%N v'lue(e.g., selec) %%N 1rom I$ , $ J, -&ere O $#

T0 be'cons )&') con)'in l'rge %%N )o neig&boring Bs 4m'c) o1 B '))'cks

egi)im')e vic)im Bs lose )&e )'rge) c&'nnels.

Dro in ne)-ork )&roug&u)

31

, O $

imul')ion l'you) 'n resul)s




4n)er1ering -i)& 4n)er?cell ync&roni3')ion

/bec)ive o1 B '))'ck

Cnermine e11ic'cy o1 incumben) coe0is)ence mec&'nism (sec)rumsensing#

A))'ck me)&o

orge in)er?cell be'cons -i)& surious r'me /11se)

4m'c) o1 B '))'ck <ic)im B er1orms 1r'me sliing 'ccoring )o )&e surious r'me /11se),

-&ic& c'uses 'sync&rony o1 G2s.

Async&rony c'uses sel1?in)er1erence )&') egr'es 'ccur'cy o1 sec)rumsensing uring G2s.

4m'c) on mise)ec)ion rob'bili)y (1or energy e)ec)or#

An incumben) sign'l is e)ec)e i1 - r (es)im')e +0 sign'l o-er, - , isgre')er )&'n )&res&ol r #.

Cner B '))'cks, sel1?in)er1erence in G2s c'uses )&e )&res&ol )o incre'se)o ' l'rger v'lue, r ..

Miss e)ec)ion rob'bili)y incre'ses by

32

*

*Pr( ) ( )r

Y r

r Y r f x dx< < = ∫




%oun)erme'sures

To )&-'r) )&e 1orgery o1 in)er?cell be'cons, 'n in)er?cell keym'n'gemen) sc&eme is neee

C)ili3e )&e b'ck&'ul in1r's)ruc)ure )&') connec)s mul)ile cells

Emloy ' is)ribu)e key m'n'gemen) sc&eme

@@

5!. b'ck&'ulin1r's)ruc)ure



“Cognitive Radio Communications and Networks: Principles and Practice” By A M Wyglinski M Nekovee Y T Hou (Elsevier December !!"# 34

%&')er $* umm'ry

Emergence o1 )&e oor)unis)ic sec)rum s&'ring (/#'r'igm 'n cogni)ive r'io )ec&nology r'ises ne-securi)y imlic')ions )&') &'ve no) been s)uiereviously

/ne coun)erme'sure 1or rim'ry user emul')ion '))'cks is)r'nsmi))er veri1ic')ionP i) is comose o1 @ rocesses>

<eri1ic')ion o1 sign'l c&'r'c)eris)ics

Me'suremen) o1 receive sign'l energy level

oc'li3')ion o1 )&e sign'l source

We c'n moel )&e is)ribu)e sec)rum sensing roblem's ' 'r'llel 1usion ne)-ork )o e'l -i)& By3'n)ine 1'ilures

4EEE 5!. is vulner'ble )o '))'cks bec'use i)s in)er?cellbe'cons 're no) ro)ec)e

Cognitive Radio Network Security

Documents

Transcript of Cognitive Radio Network Security