Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product...
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Transcript of Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product...
![Page 1: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, 2nd Ed.
Chapter 2
![Page 2: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mind and Brain
• Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps as an emergent property of these processes.
• Dualism holds that the mind is an immaterial entity that exists independently of the brain, perhaps with interactions between the two.
![Page 3: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Functional Neuroanatomy
• CNS includes 1 trillion neurons (1012) with about 1,000 trillion synaptic connections (1015).
• A single neuron in the brain may receive as many as 10,000 synaptic connections with other neurons.
• Massive parallel processing.
![Page 4: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Brain Structures and Functions
• Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of cerebral cortex—perception, behavior, and cognition.
• Brainstem (hindbrain and midbrain) and forebrain or diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)—homeostasis and basic life support mechanisms.
• Limbic system (cingulate gyrus, fornix, hippocampus and related structures)—emotional responses and cognitive functions of learning and memory.
![Page 6: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Brain Structures and Functions
• Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of cerebral cortex—perception, behavior, and cognition.
• Brainstem (hindbrain and midbrain) and forebrain or diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)—homeostasis and basic life support mechanisms.
• Limbic system (cingulate gyrus, fornix, hippocampus and related structures)—emotional responses and cognitive functions of learning and memory.
![Page 8: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Brain Structures and Functions
• Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of cerebral cortex—perception, behavior, and cognition.
• Brainstem (hindbrain and midbrain) and forebrain or diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)—homeostasis and basic life support mechanisms.
• Limbic system (cingulate gyrus, fornix, hippocampus and related structures)—emotional responses and cognitive functions of learning and memory.
![Page 9: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Visual Consciousness
• A critical periods for cortical development in cats show that primary visual cortex is necessary for visual consciousness.
• Blindsight in humans: Damage to primary visual cortex eliminates visual consciousness but a second pathway allows accurate discrimination.
![Page 10: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience
• Lesions and double dissociations
• Electrophysiology—EEG and ERP
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
• Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
![Page 12: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062719/56649ec65503460f94bd1402/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
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Connectionist Models
• Composed of input, output, and hidden layers of simplistic neurons .
• Sigmoid activation function mimics all or none response of real neurons for extreme input values.
• Connection weights represent the knowledge state of the network.
• Back-propagation of error adjusts weights.
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