Cognitive Discourses International Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 1 Issue 1 July 2013 Nas Publishers

7/22/2019 Cognitive Discourses International Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 1 Issue 1 July 2013 Nas Publishers

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Ifltclts

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[ffrlnoj ]jhclerjl jle A @fbjljegj ]ceey

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[rccty Jajrwj`

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Ors ]jhjsrcc Y jle Ors ]jbgy ]jegjbrnsgljl


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Cddcitnvclcss fd jl Nlstruitnflj` [jibjac nl [gysnij` Yinclics Mjsce Fl Cxp`nint Nlstruitnfl

Ytrjtcay dfr Clgjlinla Ircjtnvnty Jofla Gnagcr Yciflejry Yigff` Ytueclts >5

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Jl Copnrnij` Ytuey fl Ytrcss @cvc` jofla Qfocl Cop`fyccs jle Nts Nopjit fl Ugcnr

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Ifalntn vc Ensifurscs N ltcrljtnflj` Ou`t nensnip`n ljry Hfurlj` NYYL =9=:/:;13 Tfùoc :, N ssuc :, Hu`y =;:9 :

Drfo tgc Ecsb

QJTCY FL IFALNUNTC ENYIFS]YCY

[rfd 'Er. J Yuegjroj

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prftftypcs dfr mcnla jl nltcrensinp`nljry jpprfjig

Ugc ceuijtnflj` nopcrjtnvc fd jl nltcrecpcleclt wfrè jrc mcifonla sf i`cjr nl tgc

ceuijtnflj` cltcrprnsc tgjt trjentnflj` prfarjos jle tgcnr ifopflclt ensinp`nlcs jrc mcifonla tru`y

nltcrljtnflj`nsce Nt ircjtcs d`cxnmn`nty nl tgnlbnla jle jmn`nty tf jpprfjig jle dfrou`jtc ifalntnvc

qucstnfls tf `cje jle ecvc`fp jl nltcrensinp`nljry lctwfrb fd blfw`ceac prfeuitnfl

Nt ojy j`sf mc tgjt tgc trcle tfwjres nldusnla tgns stjtc fd onle nl j`` jspcits fd furceuijtnflj` systcos gjs prfarcssce djst tgc tjbc fdd pfnlt, nd sf tgc duturc wn`` scc nlircjsnla

nllfvjtnfl nl ceuijtnfl dfr a`fmj` nltcrecpcleclic nl j`` fd tgc rc`jtce iflvcraclt strjles

Js jl nltcrensinp`nljry hfurlj`, nt nltclsndncs tf cstjm`nsg ifgcrclt tgcfrncs, iflicptuj`

drjocwfrbs jle j mfey fd rcscjrig stuencs& `ntcrjturc tgjt ns nl tgc dfro fd pfsntnfl pjpcrs, cvjùjtnvc

rcpfrts, jle j `ft fd ftgcr jrtni`cs jttcopts tf `cantnonsc ifalntnvc ensifurscs jle enspfsntnflj`

trjlsdfrojtnfl nl tgc dncè

N gfpc tgjt nl tgc duturc tgcrc wn`` mc ofrc systcojtni stuencs jle rcscjrig fl tgc vjrnfus

strjles nl tgc ou`tnensinp`nljry `jlesijpcNl jeentnfl, ofrc nltcrensinp`nljry jle nltcr prfdcssnflj`

stuencs jle rcscjrig ns lccece tf i`jrndy tgc rc`jtnflsgnps nl tgc tgrust jrcjs

Nt ns jl jttcopt tf ojbc usc fd rcscjrig nl tgc ou`tnensinp`nljry dncè sgfuè bccp i`cjr`y nl

onle tgjt tgc prficsscs, systcos, jrtcdjits, struiturcs jle tgc pfwcr fd eyljoni dulitnflnla tgjt gjvc

mccl anvcl euc wcnagtjac nl tgc jrclj fd tgc hfurlj`

Nl aclcrj` tgc hfurlj` gjs j ifoprcgclsnvc ecsnal pjrjoctcr dfius fl `nlbnla jle

nlstruocltnla blfw`ceac mjsc, prficeurcs jle prficss dfr prfpfsntnflj` pjttcrlnla


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= Ifalntn vc Ensifurscs N ltcrljtnflj` Ou`t nen snip`n ljry Hfurlj` N YYL =9=:/:;13 Tfùoc :, Nssuc :, Hu`y =;:9

UGC YJUS]JUCE Y[FLACY

Ofgjooce Yjue [[:

jle Jscc` Jmeu` Qjgne=

Jmstrjit

Ugc tcjignla `cjrlnla cxcrinsc nl tgc gcjrt fd tgc prcsclt ceuijtnfl systco pjrtniu`jr`y jt sigff` `cvc`

jle jt gnagcr ceuijtnfl `cvc` nl aclcrj` ns stn`` lf mcttcr tgjl jl nlputprficss futput jitnvnty Nlstcje fd

gc`pnla tf cvf`vc j `cjrlnla tf `cjrl arfup tgjt jrc ulsjturjtce nl rcicptnfl, ifltrnmutnfl, ircjtnfl, nllfvjtnfl

jle igjlac, tgc tcjignla `cjrlnla prficss jle tgc ceuijtnflj` ocigjlnso ns prfeuinla j ijìu`jtce prfeuit

tgjt cjts jle vfonts wgjt ns mcnla supp`nce wntgfut gjvnla anvcl j igjlic tf blfw tgc nlarcenclts cvcl Ugns

vninfus inri`c fd ifalntnvc, jddcitnvc jle psyigfoftfr pfvcrty ifltnlucs jle vnrtuj``y sjturjtcs tgc `cjrlnla

pftcltnj` fd tgc ofst andtce spcincstgc guojls

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Nt `ffbs Arccb jle @jtnl tf oc wgcl nt ifocs tf tgc qucstnfl fd tcjignla `cjrlnla prficss jt tgc sigff``cvc`, `ct j`flc tgc gnagcr `cvc` Ojl, tgc ofst andtce fd j`` spcincs fl cjrtg ns clefwce wntg tgc djiu`ty fdrcjsflnla jle hueaoclt pfwcr Ssnla tgns djiu`ty, guojls gje mccl trjlsonttnla tgc jiiuou`jtce wnsefo fd tgcycstcrycjrs tf nts yfulacr aclcrjtnfls, efwl tgc jacs Ugc `jttcr ojec prcenitnfls fl duturc jle igjlace tgcnr

mcgjvnfr jiifrenla`y Qc usce tgc ofrc aclcrni tcro ceuijtnfl dfr tgns frajlnzce prficss N wfuè prcdcr tf

ij`` tgns snop`y sigff`nla Qc sgj`` scc gfw tgc p`nagt fd tgns trjlsonssnfl gje tjbcl efwl tgc jacs

Guojl mcnlas jrc my ljturc jle iu`turc j soj`` arfup spcincs Qc gjvc survnvce, ecspntc fur pgysnij`vu`lcrjmn`nty, my wfrbnla tfactgcr jle sf`vnla prfm`cos js j arfup Jle nt ns tgrfuag if``jmfrjtnfl lftifopctntnfltgjt wc `cjrl mcst Nl djit, ifopctntnvc `cjrlnla clvnrfloclts 'oy ojrb ns gnagcr tgjl yfur ojrb.clifurjac surdjic/`cvc` tgnlbnla, nlircjsc ens`nbc dfr sigff` jle ecircjsc mftg ircjtnvnty jle sumhcit nltcrcst[cfp`c `cjrl mcst tgrfuag nltcrjitnfls wntg ftgcrs, jle tgcsc nltcrjitnfls strclatgcl mftg ifooulnty jlenlenvneuj`s

@cjrlnla ns jmfut jitnvc`y ojbnla sclsc fd tgc wfrè jrfule us my tjbnla nl lcw nldfrojtnfl,ifopjrnla nt tf fur iurrclt ulecrstjlenla jle lcaftnjtnla ocjlnla fut fd tgfsc nltcrjitnfls Qc iflstruit furblfw`ceac tgrfuag cxpcrnclicmy efnla Ugc guojl onle ns mcttcr cqunppce tf ajtgcr nldfrojtnfl jmfut tgcwfrè my fpcrjtnla wntgnl nt tgjl my rcjenla jmfut nt, gcjrnla `citurcs fl nt, fr stueynla jmstrjit ofec`s fd nt Jle tgns prficss wfrbs ofst cddcitnvc`y wgcl nt ns sntujtce nl j ifltcxt tgjt ns jutgcltniwgcrc lcw blfw`ceacjle sbn``s wfuè jituj``y mc usce @cjrlnla ns lft sfoctgnla tgjt rcqunrcs tnoc fut drfo prfeuitnvc jitnvnty2

`cjrlnla ns jt tgc vcry gcjrt fd prfeuitnvc jitnvntyUGC SLYJUS]JUCE

Mcdfrc tgc nlvcltnfl fd tgns ceuijtnfl fr sigff`nla, cvcry cècr aclcrjtnfl pjssce fl nts prfeuits tf

tgc yfulacr aclcrjtnfl jle tgc yfulacr aclcrjtnfl jmsfrmce jle iflsuoce nt wntg zcrf trjlsonssnfl `fssCsbnofs tgus trjlsonttce dnsgnla fl nic/ifvcrce [f`jr ]canfls Urnmj`s nl Bclyjl dfrcsts `cjrlce jrigcry tgcsjoc wjy, pfttcr nl Bcrj`j irjdtce j pft wntg ecxtcrnty fd gns tcjigcr wntg sbn``du` twnst jle turl fd gns dnlacrs

rnagt tgrfuag tgc iff` i`jy Gfw cddninclt`y jle cddcitnvc`y tgc wnsefo fd j aclcrjtnfl gjs mccl trjlsonttce* Lfenrcit ifst tf sfincty, lf ifrruptnfl, lf jsscssoclt jle ocjsurcoclt, lf nl/scrvnic wfrbsgfps lf munènladfr ifulin` dfr ceuijtnfl jle rcscjrig Ugns wjs tgc ijsc wntg j`` typcs fd `cjrlnla, lft sbn`` `cjrlnla j`flcUgc pfnlt ns tgjt tgc `cjrlcrs gje j dulitnflj` iurrniuùo, wgnig wjs trjlsjitce nl j ljturj` wjy Nl tgns prficss,wgjt tgcy ul`cjrlce ns ofrc tgjl wgjt tgcy `cjrlce2 ocjlnla my, tgcrc wcrc sifpc dfr cxpjlsnfl fd blfw`ceac,sbn``s jle vjùcs Ugc `cjrlcrs tgfuagt, fmscrvce, cxpcrnocltce, prjitnice, ensifvcrce, nlvcltce jle j`tcrce tgc

stjtus quf Ofrc tgjl tgjt, tgcy wcrc `cdt j`flc nl tgc `cjrlnla prficss Gclic tgcy ul`cjrlce Nt ns tgnsul`cjrlnla fr ulsjturjtnfl, tgjt ecvc`fps, pf`nsgcs jle rcdnlcs tgc ulnquc guojl djiu`ty fd rcjsflnla jle

hueaoclt pfwcr Uruc `cjrlnla prficss gc`p ecvc`fp tgcsc pfwcrs

Ugc ulsjturjtce `cjrlcrs tgcosc`vcs ifltrnmutc tf jl cvcr cxpjlenla iurrniuùo js nt ns lft dnlntc nl ntsenoclsnfls Yuig j iurrniuùo lcvcr gnts mjib fr spn`t fvcr Nt wclt nltf tgc mrjnl2 nl tf tgc ifalntnvc, jddcitnvcjle psyigfoftfr efojnl Ugfsc aclcrjtnfls blcw, ulecrstffe, jpp`nce, jlj`yzce, cvjùjtce jle ircjtce Ugcy`cjrlce Nt wjs tgc qujltuo fd tgns ulsjturjtnfl tgjt mcaft durtgcrnla fd `cjrlnla, jmsfrptnfl fd lcw wnsefo Nltgfsc jacs, tgc ifltclt, tgc octgfe, tgc cvjùjtnfl jle tgc mcgjvnfrj` igjlacs wcrc nl pcrdcit syligrfly Ugc

: Yclnfr @citurcr, Ecpjrtoclt fd C[E, Ij`ceflnjl If``cac fd Clanlccrnla, Ousijt, Yu`tjljtc fd Fojl= ]cscjrig Yigf`jr, Bjrpjajo Slnvcrsnty, Ifnomjtfrc


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Ifalntn vc Ensifurscs N ltcrljtnflj` Ou`t nensnip`n ljry Hfurlj` NYYL =9=:/:;13 Tfùoc :, N ssuc :, Hu`y =;:9 9

`cjrlcr, tgc spflac gje clfuag ijvntncs tf jmsfrm wjtcr nt rcojnlce ulsjturjtce js cvcr js tgcrc wcrc lfafvcrloclt, lf onlnstry fd G]E, lf Zuj`nty Noprfvcoclt [rfarjoocs, lf tcxt mffbs, lf mnf`fanij` jle mfrnlaojignlc ij``ce tcjigcr lf tcsts lf tcjignla

UGC YJUS]JUCE

J ecdnlce Iflstntutnfl, j ecdnlce Afvcrloclt, Onlnstry dfr guojl rcsfuric ecvc`fpoclt, Ifulin`s dfrceuijtnfl jle rcscjrig jle , prfarjooc fd jitnfl, ZN[s, YYJs, tgfusjles fd sigff`s, djiu`tncs, tgnlbcrs,

cxpcrts, tcjigcrs, jeonlnstrjtfrs, LAFs, sy``jmus, ifursc mffbs, gjlemffbs, tcxtmffbs, i`jss tcsts, wfrbsgfps,frncltjtnfls, N eflt ulecrstjle Ef yfu6

Qgcrc ns tgc `cjrlnla prficss6 Qgcrc ns tgc `cjrlcr6 Ugcy jrc sgjib`ce nl sy``jmus, tcxt mffbs, ojrb`nst, icrtndnijtc, prfoftnfl ru`cs, jle trntc jle dfssn`nzce cvjùjtnfl systco Ugc rcsu`t6 Ugc `cjrlcr ns sjturjtcetff cjr`y @cjrlnla ns lft cxprcssce nl cvjùjtnfl prficss, syltgcsnznla, jlj`yznla, jpp`ynla, ulecrstjlenlaQgjt ns tgcrc ns j `ntt`c mnt fd blfw`ceac jiqunsntnfl fl`y Ifltrjry tf tgc ulsjturjtce aclcrjtnfl, tgcrc ns lfsyligrfly jle gjrofly jofla ifltclt, octgfe, cvjùjtnfl jle mcgjvnfrj` igjlacs Efwl tgc aclcrjtnfls,lfw, fl`y tgc nltc``cituj` i`flnla ns gjppclnla @cjrlnla lcvcr rcsu`ts nl tgc ecvc`fpoclt jle rcdnlcoclt fd

arcjtcst guojl djiu`tncs

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CLELFUCY

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Qgcl nt ifocs tf tgc jarniu`turj` dncè, tgcy jrc cquj``y rcspflsnm`c tf ifltrnmutc jle mclcdnt tgc druntsfd jarniu`turc Qfrè Mjlb rcpfrtce tgjt jarniu`turc nl Nlenj ifltrnmutcs fl`y =:# fd Nlenjs AE[, mut nts

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suppfrt jle pffr nldrjstruiturc jt tgc `cvc` fd vn``jac, onlnoj` dnljlinj` suppfrt drfo tgc Afvt, dfr soj``djrocrs, `jib fd nrrnajtnfl djin`ntncs, clvnrflocltj` pf`ùtnfl, cxp`fntjtnfl fd ljturj` rcsfurics, uldjvfurjm`c

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IFLIC[U FD C]AFLFONIY

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jiicssce, jle igjlace.2 tgc pgysnij` clvnrfloclt 'tcopcrjturc, guonenty, `nagtnla, lfnsc, vnmrjtnfl.2 jle tgcsfinj` clvnrfloclt 'suig js tcjowfrb jle suppfrtnvc ojljacoclt. Craflfonsts iflsnecr j`` tgc pgysnij`jspcits fd j pcrsfl, suig js8 mfey snzc jle sgjpc2 dntlcss jle strclatg2 pfsturc2 tgc sclscs, cspcinj``y vnsnfl,gcjrnla jle tfuig2 jle tgc strcsscs jle strjnls fl ousi`cs, hfnlts, lcrvcs Craflfonsts j`sf iflsnecr tgc

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[gysnij` Craflfonis

Ugns efojnl ecj`s wntg tgc jljtfonij`, jltgrfpfoctrni, pgysnf`fanij` jlemnfocigjlnij` pjrjoctcrs nl stjtni jle eyljoni pgysnij` wfrb Jofla tgc ojnltfpnis jrc tgc pgysnij` pfsturcs tgjt pcfp`c jefpt wgcl tgcy jrc wfrbnla, djtnaucjle ftgcr prfm`cos jssfinjtce wntg gjle`nla pgysnij` jle ousiu`f/sbc`ctj` tjsbsjssfinjtce wntg pgysnij` cddfrts

Ifalntnvc Craflfonis

Ifalntnvc craflfonis ns j sum/ensinp`nlc fd craflfonis tgjt stuencs tgc ifalntnvcprficsscs jt wfrb wntg jl copgjsns fl jl ulecrstjlenla fd tgc sntujtnfl jle flsuppfrtnla rc`njm`c, cddcitnvc jle sjtnsdjitfry pcrdfrojlic Ugns jpprfjigjeercsscs prfm`cos suig js jttcltnfl enstrnmutnfl, ecinsnfl ojbnla, dfrojtnfl fd`cjrlnla sbn``s, usjmn`nty fd guojl/ifoputcr systcos, ifalntnvc jspcits fd ocltj``fje, strcss jle guojl crrfrs jt wfrb

Lcurfcraflfonis

Nt ns j rc`jtnvc`y lcw ecvc`fpoclt wgnig nlvf`vcs tgc jpp`nijtnfl fd ofrc nl/ecptglcurf/pgysnf`fanij` octgfes suig js mrjnl nojanla tciglnqucs Ugns jevjliceoctgfef`fay ijl mc usce dfr cvjùjtnla tgc iustfocrs prcdcrclics dfr flc fr

jlftgcr ecsnal fd guojl/ifoputcr nltcrdjics fr dfr j pjrtniu`jr vcrsnfl fdnleustrnj` prfeuits 'tgns `jttcr tjsb ns sfoctnocs rc`jtce tf tgc dncè fdlcurfojrbctnla.

Yfinj` fr Frajlnzjtnflj`Craflfonis

Ugns ecj`s wntg tgc fptnonzjtnfl fd sfinf/tciglnij` wfrb systcos, nliùenla tgcnrstruiturcs, pf`nincs jle frajlnzjtnflj` prficsscs Ugus, craflfonsts jrc fdtclnlvf`vce nltf tgc sfinj` ecsnal fd ifooulnijtnfl systcos, nltcrjitnfl rfutnlcswntgnl tgc wfrbnla arfups, tnocs jle sgndts sigceu`cs nl j ifopjly, jle ftgcrrc`jtce nssucs

YIF[C FD C]AFLFONIY

Craflfonis nl jarniu`turc wjs lfw sccl js j flc/enoclsnflj` pgclfoclfl nl rceuinla jle rcofvnlatgc rnsbs nlvf`vce nl jiicssnla tgc ojignlcs, vcgni`cs jle tgc wfrb clvnrfloclt Urjentnflj``y, craflfonis wjsiflsnecrce js wfrb eflc, nl j wfrbp`jic Ofrc rciclt`y, tgns sifpc gjs mrfjeclce, jle tgc iflicpt fd !wfrb!ojy lfw mc jpp`nce tf tgc sjtnsdjitfry ifop`ctnfl fd jly tjsb 'Mclceyb, Qffeifib jle Gjrecr, =;;>. Ugus,tgc ifop`ctnfl fd j tjsb nl jly dncè vnz jarniu`turc, tgc djrocr nltcrjits wntg tgc wfrbstjtnfl 'djro`jle.,djrocrs, ojignlcs, tff`s, vcgni`cs, djon`y, ifooulnty, jarniu`turj frajlnzjtnfls, jle tgc pf`nincs jt `jrac2 tgccddcitnvclcss fd tgcsc wfrbp`jic nltcrjitnfls ns nldùclice my ojly djitfrs mftg nlsnec jle cxtcrlj` tf tgcfrajlnsjtnfl Uf fptnonzc suig j ou`tn/djitfrnj` prficss rcqunrcs tgc jpp`nijtnfl fd jl craflfoni jpprfjig Ugccxtclt fd tgc jpp`nijtnfl fd craflfonis nl tgc dncè fd jarniu`turc sgfuè mc gf`nstni, ou`tn/enoclsnflj`, tjsb/rc`jtce jle trjlsdcrjm`c jirfss j rjlac fd vjrncty fd scttnlas dfiussnla tgc nlenvneuj` jle copfwcrnla tgco tf

ifltrnmutc dfr tgc jarniu`turj` rcvfùtnfl Ugns ou`tn/enoclsnflj` jpprfjig fd vncwnla craflfonis wjs nl `nlcwntg tgc Iflicltrni ]nlas Ofec` fd craflfonis prfpfsce my Bjf jle Gcxjafl/Ypnle`c Ofec` suaacstce myMclceyb ct j` '=;;>. Ugns jpprfjig fd craflfonis cxtcles tf igjrjitcrnsc j tnoc mjsc dfr scrnj` jlesnou`tjlcfus tjsbs, jle spjic sgjrce my ou`tnp`c stjbcgfècrs nlvf`vce nl jarniu`turc, jle gnag`nagts tgc jrcjswgcrc tgc systco ifld`nits ojy jrnsc

C]AFLFONI ]NYB DJIUF]Y

Ugcrc jrc scvcrj` igj``clacs dfr tgc stjbcgfècrs nlvf`vce nl jarniu`turc nl Nlenj LYY Djrocrs survcy

fd =;;9 mrfuagt fut ojly nssucs rc`jtnla tf soj`` jle ojranlj` djrocrs Mjsce fl tgns Yurvcy, LICSY '=;;7.sjys tgjt sfoc fd tgc aclcrj` nssucs tgjt ifldrflt ojranlj`/soj`` djrocrs js jarniu`turj`nsts jrc8 nopcrdcitojrbcts dfr nlputs&prfeuit `cjenla tf soj``cr vjùc rcj`nzjtnfls2 jmsclic fd jiicss tf ircent ojrbcts fr nopcrdcitircent ojrbcts `cjenla tf sum/fptnoj` nlvcstoclt ecinsnfls fr nlput jpp`nijtnfls2 pffr guojl rcsfuric mjsc2


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soj``cr jiicss tf suntjm`c cxtclsnfl scrvnics rcstrnitnla suntjm`c ecinsnfls rcajrenla iu`tnvjtnfl prjitnics jletciglf`fanij` blfw/gfw2 pffrcr jiicss tf pum`ni affes suig js pum`ni nrrnajtnfl, ifoojle jrcj ecvc`fpoclt,c`citrninty arnes, arcjtcr lcajtnvc cxtcrlj`ntncs drfo pffr quj`nty `jle jle wjtcr ojljacoclt, cti 'p1.

Ecv '=;:=. gjvc ensiussce icrtjnl igj``clacs djice my soj`` gfècrs nl jarniu`turc Ugfsc nliùec 8nopjit fd i`nojtc igjlac2 wjtcr prfm`cos2 rnsbs jle vu`lcrjmn`nty 'gcj`tg sgfibs8 n``lcss, nlhurncs, jiineclts,ensjmn`nty2 `jmfur ojrbct rnsb8 ojly wfrb nl nldfroj` scitfr jle gjvc gnag rnsb fd ulcop`fyoclt jleulecrcop`fyoclt2 gjrvcst rnsbs, `ndc iyi`c rnsbs, sfinj` rnsb, spcinj` rnsbs dfr vu`lcrjm`c arfups jle ifooulnty

rnsbs suig js erfuagts, d`ffes, iyi`flcs, struiturj` jehustoclt pf`nincs cti.2 `jle nssucs '`jle jle tcljliysciurnty.2 `fw `cvc` fd dfroj` ceuijtnfl jle sbn``s jle2 a`fmj`nzjtnfl igj``clacs

Qgcl wc tj`b jmfut pcrsfls wntg ensjmn`ntncs '[wEs., SLE[ '=;::. gnag`nagtce tgjt nl Nlenj, tgc[wEs tj`clt, sbn``s jle pftcltnj` ofst`y rcojnl ultjppce, ulecr/utn`nsce fr ulecr/ecvc`fpce Durtgcr, tgc

ceuijtnfl jle cop`fyoclt rjtcs dfr pcrsfls wntg ensjmn`ntncs jrc djr `fwcr tgjl tgc lfl/ensjm`ce pcrsfls Ugc

fppfrtulntncs dfr [wEs, tf cjrl ns `css jle tgcnr cxpclscs ofrc, rcsu`tnla nl tgco mcnla flc fd tgc ofrc

nopfvcrnsgce ifooulntncs nl Nlenj J`sf, SLE[ '=;::. pfnltce fut tgc mjrrncrs `nbc 'n. nljecqujtcojljacoclt nldfrojtnfl systco, 'nn. `jib fd ulnvcrsj` ecdnlntnfl nl ulecrstjlenla ensjmn`nty, 'nnn. `jib fd ectjn`cejle icltrj`nzce rcpfrtnla systco, 'nv. `jib fd trjlspjrcliy jle nldfrojtnfl sgjrnla, 'v. ulecrutn`nzjtnfl fd tgcquftj dfr [wEs nl sigcocs nliùenla hfm rcscrvjtnfls, 'vn. nopjit fd aclecr fl ensjmn`nty ns ojlndfè jle, 'vnn.

prchuenic rcojnls eccp`y comceece nl sfinj`, pf`ntnij` jle ciflfoni nlstntutnfls nl ojbnla tgc [wEs tf nlvf`vc

nl `nvc`ngffe jitnvntncs Jpjrt drfo tgcsc mjrrncrs, ftgcr mjrrncrs tgjt ojbc tgc [wEs tf jiicss tgc jarniu`turj`

jle djronla fiiupjtnfls nliùecs `jib fd mjsni blfw`ceac nl jarniu`turc jle djronla, `jib fd guojlrcsfurics nl tcjignla jle trjnlnla tgc [wEs fl vjrnfus sbn``s, nljiicssnm`c wfrb p`jic, tff`s jleojignlcrncs, `jib fd ojtcrnj` rcsfurics, ulsuppfrtnvc djon`y, ifooulnty, AFs jle sfoctnocs LAFs, `jib

fd ifldneclic nl [wEs jle, djnùrc tf rcifalnzc&necltndy&ijtcafrnzc suntjm`c hfms nl jarniu`turc jle djronla

dfr tgc [wEs J`sf, tgc ejtj pcrtjnlnla tf tgc ensjm`ce pcrsfls clajace nl jarniu`turc jle nldfroj` scitfr wjslft blfwl, wgnig jee fl tf tgc mjrrncr tf ecsnal prfarjoocs dfr sbn`` up arjejtnfl dfr tgc wfrbcrs nl tgcnldfroj` cop`fyoclt jle sc`d cop`fyoclt jle ircjtc mjibwjre jle dfrwjre `nlbjacs dfr tgcnr ciflfonijitnvntncs

JA]NIS@US]J@ CESIJUNFL NL NLENJ

Jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl nl Nlenj rcojnls vnan`jlt jle rcspflsnvc tf igjlanla sicljrnf tgrfuagecvc`fpoclt fd lfvc` tciglf`fancs jle my prfoftnla prfm`co/sf`vnla blfw`ceac prfeuits Nt clvnsnflsigj``clacs tgjt jarniu`turj` scitfr ns djinla cspcinj``y dfr clsurnla dffe, lutrntnflj` jle clvnrflocltj` sciurnty

jle ns nl `ffb fut dfr cocranla efocstni jle a`fmj` fppfrtulntncs Ugc Nlenjl Ifulin` fd Jarniu`turj` ]cscjrigns jl jpcx frajlnzjtnfl nl tgc ifultry spcjrgcjenla jarniu`turj` rcscjrig, ceuijtnfl jle cxtclsnfl jitnvntncs dfr

prfeuitnvnty clgjlicoclt jle envcrsndnijtnfl fd Nlenjl jarniu`turc Nlenj gjs j vcry strfla jarniu`turj` ceuijtnflsystco nl tgc ifultry iflsnstnla fd twf Icltrj` Jarniu`turj` Slnvcrsntncs, dfrty snx Ytjtc Jarniu`turj`Slnvcrsntncs 'YJSs. jle dnvc Ljtnflj` Nlstntutcs fd Nlenjl Ifulin` fd Jarniu`turj` ]cscjrig gjvnla tgc stjtus fdEccoce tf mc Slnvcrsntncs Jofla tgc Eccoce Slnvcrsntncs, Nlenjl Jarniu`turj` ]cscjrig Nlstntutc 'NJ]N. wjscstjm`nsgce j icltury jaf jle wjs anvcl tgc stjtus fd Eccoce Slnvcrsnty nl :>37 Ugc ftgcr EccoceSlnvcrsntncs vnz, Nlenjl Tctcrnljry ]cscjrig Nlstntutc 'NT]N., Nzzjtljajr 'S[., Ljtnflj` Ejnry ]cscjrigNlstntutc 'LE]N., Bjrlj` jle Icltrj` Nlstntutc fd Dnsgcrncs Ceuijtnfl 'INDC., Ouomjn ijtcr tf quj`nty ceuijtnflnl jlnoj` sinclics, ejnry $ dnsgcry scitfrs rcspcitnvc`y Ugc YJSs jrc sprcje fvcr tgc cltnrc ifultry jle ijtcr tfG]E nl jarniu`turc jle j``nce dncès nl enddcrclt jarf/i`nojtni rcanfls Ojly fd tgcsc ulnvcrsntncs jrc rcanstcrceulecr Nlenjl Jarniu`turj` Slnvcrsntncs Jssfinjtnfl Ugc ensinp`nlcs fd Tctcrnljry oceninlc jle Dfrcstry jrcrcau`jtce my Tctcrnljry Ifulin` fd Nlenj jle Nlenjl Ifulin` fd Dfrcstry ]cscjrig jle Ceuijtnfl rcspcitnvc`y

Durtgcr, j Ljtnflj` Jijecoy fd Jarniu`turj` ]cscjrig Ojljacoclt 'LJJ]O. jt Gyecrjmje wjs cstjm`nsgcedfr djin`ntjtnla ijpjinty munènla fd tgc Ljtnflj` Jarniu`turj` ]cscjrig Yystco 'LJ]Y. nl rcscjrig jleceuijtnflj` pf`niy, p`jllnla jle ojljacoclt J`sf, tgcrc ns flc Ljtnflj` ]cscjrig Icltrc dfr Qfocl nlJarniu`turc 'L]IQJ. fijtce nl Mgumjlcswjr 'Frnssj.

Ugcsc ulnvcrsntncs jrc ofec`ce fl SY `jle arjlt ulnvcrsnty pjttcrl wntg nltcarjtnfl fd ceuijtnfl,rcscjrig jle cxtclsnfl ceuijtnfl jle gjvc ifltrnmutce j arcjt ecj` nl prfpc``nla jarniu`turj` arfwtg nl tgcifultry Qntg jmfut =43 iflstntuclt if``cacs gjvnla jmfut 93,;;; stueclt nltjbc ijpjinty, tgc Jarniu`turj`Slnvcrsntncs nopjrt ceuijtnfl nl :: ojhfr ensinp`nlcs jt ulecrarjeujtc 'Jarniu`turc, Gfrtniu`turc, Dfrcstry,Gfoc Yinclic, Jarniu`turj` Clanlccrnla, Ejnry Uciglf`fay, Dffe Uciglf`fay, Dnsgcrncs Yinclic cti,. jlejmfut >3 sumhcits jt pfst/arjeujtc `cvc` Nl gnagcr jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl, jmfut 33 # stueclts jrc drfo rurj`

mjib arfule jle fl jl jvcrjac, 94 # jrc tgc anr` stueclts Mcsnecs, tgc NNU, Bgjrjapur nopjrts ceuijtnfl nl tgc
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterinary_medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterinary_medicine


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dncè fd Jarniu`turjj` Clanlccrnla, jle jmfut :;; prnvjtc`y fwlce if``cacs, ojhfrnty fd tgco jdd`njtce tf aclcrjùlvcrsntncs wgn`c sfoc, pjrtniu`jr`y nl tgc Ytjtcs fd Ojgjrjsgtrj jle Iggjttnsajrg, jdd`njtce tf YJSs, nopjrt

gnagcr jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl tf fvcr :;;;; stueclts jllju``y 'NIJ], =;:=.

Qgcl nt ifocs tf enstjlic jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl, Lnomj`bjr, [jtn` jle Nla`c 'le. lftce tgjt j dcwFpcl Slnvcrsntncs jrc fddcrnla ceuijtnflj` prfarjoocs rc`jtce tf jarniu`turc `cjenla tf vjrnfus ecarccs Joflatgco, ^jsgwjltrjf Igjvjl Ojgjrjsgtrj Fpcl Slnvcrsnty 'ÎOFS., Ljsgnb, Ojgjrjsgtrj ns pnflccr nlenstjlic jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl prfarjoocs Jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl prfarjoocs fddcrce jt ÎOFS nliùecs :.

Icrtndnijtc ifurscs nl ajreclnla, =. Dfulejtnfl nl gfrtniu`turc sinclics, 9. Enp`foj nl drunt prfeuitnfl, 5.Enp`foj nl vcactjm`c prfeuitnfl, 3. Enp`foj nl d`frniu`turc jle `jlesijpc ajreclnla, 4. Enp`foj nl jarn/

musnlcss ojljacoclt, 1. MYi nl jarniu`turc jle gfrtniu`turc, 7. OYi nl jarniu`turj` ifooulnijtnfl,jarniu`turj` cxtclsnfl jle jarniu`turj` ecvc`fpoclt jle, >. [gE nl jarniu`turj` ifooulnijtnfl& jarniu`turj`cxtclsnfl jle jarniu`turj` ecvc`fpoclt NALFS fddcrs fl`y flc ifursc nc MUcig Jarniu`turj` Clanlccrnlajle j`` ftgcr FSs gjvc yct tf stjrt jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl

Qgcl nt ifocs tf tgc jarniu`turj` cxtclsnfl scrvnics, tgc Jarniu`turj` Cxtclsnfl Envnsnfl fd NIJ]tgrfuag tgc lctwfrbnla fd 49: Brnsgn Tnayjl Bclerjs 'BTBs. ijrry fut ojhfr jitnvntncs `nbc jsscssoclt,

rcdnlcoclt jle ecoflstrjtnfl fd tciglf`fay&prfeuits Ugcrc jrc 55 Jarniu`turj` Uciglf`fay NldfrojtnflIcltrcs 'JUNI. cstjm`nsgce ulecr NIJ] nlstntutcs jle Ytjtc Jarniu`turj` Slnvcrsntncs Ugc tgrust jrcjs fd BTBsnliùec n. jsscssoclt, rcdnlcoclt jle ecoflstrjtnfl fd tciglf`fay&prfeuits, nn. trjnlnla fd djrocrs, nnn. trjnlnlafd cxtclsnfl pcrsfllc`s nl tgc jrcjs fd tciglf`fay, nv. snla`c wnlefw ec`nvcry systco dfr tciglf`fay prfeuits,

enjalfstni scrvnics jle nldfrojtnfl tgrfuag Jarniu`turj` Uciglf`fay Nldfrojtnfl Icltrcs, v. ecvc`fpoclt fdaclecr/spcindni tciglf`fancs jle, vn. ircjtnla jwjrclcss fd noprfvce jarniu`turj` tciglf`fancs jofla tgcdjrocrs Ugc ftgcr Jarniu`turj` Ecvc`fpoclt [rfarjoocs nliùecs8 Nltclsnvc Jarniu`turj` Enstrnit [rfarjooc'NJE[., Gnag ^ncènla Tjrnctncs [rfarjooc 'G^T[., Nlstntutnfl Tn``jac @nlbjac [rfarjooc 'NT@[.,Qjtcrsgce Ecvc`fpoclt [rfarjooc 'QE[., Ljtnflj` Jarniu`turj` Uciglf`fay [rfhcit 'LJU[., JUOJ, JUNIYfinj` Hustnic jle [fvcrty j``cvnjtnfl prfarjoocs nliùecs Nltcarjtce Urnmj` Ecvc`fpoclt Jacliy 'NUEJ.,Nltcarjtce ]urj` Ecvc`fpoclt [rfarjooc 'N]E[., Ywjrlj Hjyjltgn Arjo Ywjrfhajr ^fhjlj 'YAY^., ]urj`@jle`css Cop`fyoclt Aujrjltcc [rfarjooc ']@CA[., [rnoc Onlnstcr Cop`fyoclt ^fhjlj 'IOC^., Urjnlnlafd ]urj` ^futg dfr Yc`d/Cop`fyoclt 'U]^YCO. Qfocl Ecvc`fpoclt [rfarjoocs nliùecs Ecvc`fpoclt fdQfocl jle Ignèrcl nl ]urj` Jrcjs 'EQI]J., ]jsgtrnyj Ojgn`j Bfsg ']OB., Nltcarjtce Ignè Ecvc`fpocltYigcoc 'NIEY., Ojgn`j Yjorneen ^fhjlj 'OY^. jle ojly ofrc

LJC[ ]cpfrt fd NIJ] '=;:=. lftce tgjt rcajre`css fd tgc `juejm`c ifltrnmutnfl ojec my NIJ]Jarniu`turj` Slnvcrsntncs systco tfwjres tciglf`fay aclcrjtnfl, guojl rcsfuric ecvc`fpoclt jle cxtclsnfl

ceuijtnfl, Nlenjs prcsclt gnagcr ceuijtnflj` sicljrnf ns ulecrafnla scrnfus igj``clacs fwnla tf `fw jiicss,lft occtnla quj`nty stjlejres, `fw dulenla, aclecr nlcquj`nty, lfl/ifltcopfrjry ifursc iurrniu`j jle ec`nvcryoctgfes, nlmrccenla, `jib fd djiu`ty/ifopctclic nl iuttnla ceac tciglf`fay, `jib fd nleustry jle ulnvcrsnty

pjrtlcrsgnp,Js fd lfw tgc pjic jle quj`nty fd tciglf`fay aclcrjtnfl jle guojl ijpjinty munènla nl ofst fdtgc YJSs gjvc s`jibclce fwnla ojnl`y tf nljecqujtc stjtc dulenla, ecp`ctce djiu`ty strclatg, nljecqujtc

djiu`ty ecvc`fpoclt prfarjoocs, `jib fd ifopctclic fd cxnstnla djiu`ty nl lcw jle cocranla jrcjs, cxtclsnvcnlmrccenla nl djiu`ty, `jib fd ofecrl nldrjstruiturc dfr ceuijtnfl jle rcscjrig Cstjm`nsgoclt fd lcw jlescitfrj` stjtc jarniu`turj` ulnvcrsntncs jle lcw if``cacs wntgfut ojtignla rcsfurics gjs ifopfulece tgc

prfm`co

C]AFLFONI IFO[FLCLUY NL JA]NIS@US]J@ CESIJUNFL

Ugc iurrniuùo fd jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl aclcrj``y rcp`nijtcs nltcr/ensinp`nljry frncltjtnfl fd tgcspcindni dncè Dfr cxjop`c, tgc ulecrarjeujtc ifurscs nl gfrtniu`turc nliùecs pjpcrs `nbc 8 drunt sinclic,vcactjm`c irfps, pfst gjrvcst tciglf`fay, d`frniu`turc jle `jlesijpnla, p`jlt prftcitnfl, ljturj` rcsfuricojljacoclt, mjsni sinclics jle ftgcrs `nbc jarf/dfrcstry Ugc ifopflclts nl tgcsc pjpcrs efcs lft gjvc `nlbwntg ftgcr ensinp`nlcs `nbc ciflfonis, ifooulnty rcgjmn`ntjtnfl cti, Ugc pjpcrs `nbc jarniu`turj` clanlccrnlanliùecs craflfoni ifopflclts `nbc 8 pgysnf`fanij` strcss nlenics jle tgcnr octgfes fd ocjsurcoclt,jltgrfpfoctry jle mnf/ocigjlnis, vnsnmn`nty&rcjejmn`nty fd enj`s, ecsnal fd ifltrf`s jle wfrb spjic clvc`fpc,clcray ifst fd vjrnfus jitnvntncs, pgysnf`fanij` djitfrs jddcitnla fpcrjtfrojignlc pcrdfrojlic jle pfsturjìfodfrt jle fpcrjtfr sjdcty Cvcl tgcsc craflfoni ifopflclts ef lft jeercss tgc prfm`cos fd tgc djrocrsgf`nstnij``y 'flc/enoclsnflj`. jle dfiuscs fl`y tgc wc``mcnla fd YI&YU jle wfocl djrocrs Ugc ftgcr scitnflsfd tgc sfincty `nbc yfutgs, fè jac pcfp`c, pcrsfls wntg ensjmn`ntncs, wfocl wntg ensjmn`ntncs cti, jrc lftjeercssce gf`nstnij``y


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Ifalntn vc Ensifurscs N ltcrljtnflj` Ou`t nensnip`n ljry Hfurlj` NYYL =9=:/:;13 Tfùoc :, N ssuc :, Hu`y =;:9 >

C]AFLFONI ]CYCJ]IG NL JA]NIS@US]J@ CESIJUNFL

Ynlag jle Jrfrj '=;:;. nl tgcnr stuey gnag`nagtce craflfoni nltcrvcltnfl strjtcancs dfr prcvcltnlaousiu`fsbc`ctj` ensfrecrs jofla djro wfocl Ugfsc nliùec ':. prnfrntnzjtnfl fd rcscjrigcs mjsce fl

prcvcltnfl fd djro wfocl drfo ousiu`fsbc`ctj` ensfrecrs, '=. ecvc`fpoclt fd lcw tciglf`fancs dfr wfocl dfrirntnij` dncè prfm`cos suig js gjle iuttnla fd p`jlt ojtcrnj`s, stffpce pfsturc, jle `ndtnla jle ijrrynla fd gcjvyojtcrnj`s jle, '9. dulenla jle suppfrt dfr jwjrclcss jle prcvcltnfl prfarjoocs dfr ousiu`fsbc`ctj` ensfrecrs

Nlhurncs euc tf ojignlcrncs `nbc dfeecr iuttcr, tgrcsgcr, trjitfr, trf``cy, tn``jac tff`s, gjle tff`s, juacr,ofwcr jle djro ojignlcry wjs rcpfrtce my Ofgjl jle [jtc` ':>>=. jle, Buojr, Ofgjl jle Ojgjhjl ':>>7. nlNlenj @nbcwnsc, rcscjrigcs fl prcvcltnfl fd nlhurncs mcijusc fd vjrnfus ojignlcrncs wjs ijrrnce fut nl Nlenj'ca8 Ofgjl jle [jtc`, :>>=2 Buojr ct j`, :>>7. jle rcscjrigcs my Bj`cljb ':>17.2 Dncè jle Afla ':>7;.2Yuutjrnlcl ':>>=.2 Bc`scy jle Hclbnls ':>>:.2 Fwcl jle Gultcr ':>79.2 Ynopsfl ':>75. jle2 Gustfl jle Yontg':>4>. wjs rcpfrtce nl ftgcr ifultrncs J stuey wjs tjbcl up my Ofgjlty, Mcgcrj jle Yjtjpjtgy '=;;7. tf gjvcj ifopjrjtnvc stuey fl tgc craflfonis fd djro wfocl nl pcej` tgrcsgnla wntg snla`c jle efum`c fpcrjtfrs 'L?:3. jle suaacstce ofendnijtnfls dfr durtgcr rceuitnfl fd guojl erueacry

Ousiu`fsbc`ctj` ensfrecr 'OYE. ojljacoclt ns jlftgcr nopfrtjlt c`coclt nl craflfoni rcscjrig Ntwjs rcpfrtce tgjt OYEs jrc `nbc`y tf ijusc Ec Zucrvjnls enscjsc, Urnaacr dnlacr, ]ftjtfr iudd tclenlntns,Uclfsylfvntns, ]jyljues sylerfoc jle Mjib ensjmn`nty ]cscjrigcs pcrtjnlnla wfrb rc`jtce ousiu`fsbc`ctjènsfrecrs, typcs fd wfrb ijusnla craflfoni gjzjres, pjrts fd mfey jddcitce my ousiu`fsbc`ctj` ensfrecrs 'jros,gjles, dnlacrs, lcib, mjib, wrnsts, `cas jle sgfuècrs. wcrc ijrrnce fut my tgc SY Ecpt fd @jmfr, FYGJ

'=;;;. Ugcrc jrc luocrfus typcs fd wfrb/rc`jtce ousiu`fsbc`ctj` ensfrecrs tgjt jrc rcpfrtce nl jarniu`turcUgcsc nliùec ensfrecrs fd tgc mjib jle lcib, lcrvc cltrjpoclt sylerfocs, ousiu`fsbc`ctj` ensfrecrs suig jstclfsylfvntns, tclenlntns, pcrntclenlntns, cpnifley`ntns jle lflspcindni ousi`c jle dfrcjro tclecrlcss 'Ljtnflj`Nlstntutc dfr Fiiupjtnflj` Yjdcty jle Gcj`tg/LNFYG, :>>1.

Ytuencs wntg rcdcrclic tf Jltgrfpfoctrni enoclsnfls wcrc rcpfrtce my 'Ycl ct j`, :>112 Auptj ct j`,:>792 Antc jle ^jejv, :>7>2 Dcrljlecz jle Sppuafleurn, :>>=2 ^jejv ct j`, :>>12 Ecwjlajl ct j`, =;;32[gn`np jle Ucwjrn, =;;;2 Ucwjrn jle Jn`jvjen, =;;=. Dfr cxjop`c, tgc rcscjrig my Ucwjrn, Jn`jvjen, Ecwjlajljle Ygjrjlan '=;;1. suaacstce tgc df``fwnla jltgrfpfoctrni enoclsnfls dfr ecsnalnla j trjitfr scjt tf sunt tgcnlenvneuj` lcces

Ugc trjitfr scjt gcnagt sgfuè mc ecsnalce suig tgjt tgc dfft fd tgc sgfrt `caace pcrsfl rcsts fl tgc

dfft rcst Ugc scjt gcnagt ns aclcrj``y igfscl :; oo `css tgjl tgc snttnla pfp`ntcj` gcnagt Ugc scjt ecptg

sgfuè clsurc tgjt tgc muttfibs jrc suppfrtce jle nt sgfuè mc suig tgjt nt ijl jiifoofejtc sgfrtcr

pcfp`c Dfr tgc scjt ecptg, tgrcc/dfrtg fd tgc muttfib blcc `clatg ns usce js aclcrj` aunec Ugcrcdfrc,dfr scjt gcnagt jle scjt ecptg ecsnal, j 3tg pcricltn`c vjùc gjs tf mc iflsnecrce Ugc scjt wnetg sgfuè

mc arcjtcr tgjl muttfib wnetg fd >3tg

pcricltn`c fpcrjtfr Ugc s`nagt nli`nljtnfl fd tgc scjt pjl jt tgc

drflt gc`ps tf prcvclt tgc arjeuj` s`nppjac fut fd tgc scjt Ugcrcdfrc 9 tf 3; scjt pjl jla`c sgfuè mc

prfvnece dfr trjitfr scjt Ugc mjib rcst ns prfvnece tf suppfrt tgc ùomcr rcanfl fd tgc mfey J gnag

mjib rcst prcvclt du`` ofmn`nty fd tgc jros jle sgfuècrs nl rcjr vncwnla jle gyerju`ni ifltrf` `cvcr

fpcrjtnfl Ugcrcdfrc soj`` mjib rcst wgnig suppfrts tgc 3tg ùomcr vcrtcmrj ns suntjm`c [rfvnsnfl

sgfuè mc ojec dfr dfrwjre jle mjibwjre ofvcoclt fd tgc scjt sf tgjt fpcrjtfr fd enddcrclt mfey snzcsijl mc jiifoofejtce

Ugc J`` Nlenj Iffrenljtce ]cscjrig [rfhcit 'JNI][. fl Craflfonis jle Yjdcty nl Jarniu`turc wjsstjrtce my NIJ] eurnla tgc ycjr :>>4 Ugns prfhcit wjs cjr`ncr blfwl js JNI][ fl Guojl Clanlccrnla jleYjdcty nl Jarniu`turc Ugc Iffrenljtnla Ic`` fd tgc prfhcit ns jt INJC Mgfpj` jle tgcrc jrc scvcl iffpcrjtnla

icltrcs tgfsc mcnla `fijtce jt INJC Mgfpj`, ULJS Ifnomjtfrc, FSJU Mgumjlcswjr, [JS @uegnjlj, O[SJUSejnpur, LC]NYU Lnrhu`n jle NNU Bgjrjapur Ugc `jst tgrcc icltrcs gjvc mccl stjrtce nl Fitfmcr =;;5 eurnla W[`jl Ugrcc lcw icltrcs jrc mcnla stjrtce nl WN [`jl, tgfsc mcnla jt Er MYBBT Ejpf`n, IYBG[BT [j`jopurjle IJC[GU Ajlatfb tf jeercss tgc prfeuitnvnty, ifodfrt, fiiupjtnflj` gcj`tg jle sjdcty nssucs fd jarniu`turj`wfrbcrs nl gn`` jarniu`turc jle gfrtniu`turc

Ugc ojlejtc fd tgc [rfhcit wjs tf ircjtc ejtjmjscs fl craflfoni pjrjoctcrs fd Nlenjl jarniu`turj`wfrbcrs jle tf ecvc`fp& jejpt tgc cqunpoclt& tciglf`fay& wfrb systco dfr nlircjsnla prfeuitnfl, rceuinlaerueacry jle onlnonznla jiineclts nl jarniu`turj` jle j``nce jitnvntncs tgrfuag jpp`nijtnfl fd craflfonis Ugustgc fmhcitnvcs fd tgc prfhcit wjs tf 'n. jlj`ysc djro jiineclts jle jsscss tgc ijuscs drfo jituj` jiineclt sntc, jle

p`jl strjtcancs tf onlnonzc tgcsc jiineclts2 'nn. ecsnal jle ecvc`fp sjdcty ecvnics dfr sc`citce ojignlcs, tcstnlajle stjlejrenzjtnfl jle pfpu`jrnzjtnfl nl rurj` jrcjs jle2 'nnn. if``cit jle ifopn`c jltgrfpfoctrni ejtj fl Nlenjl


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:; Ifalntn vc Ensifurscs N ltcrljtnflj` Ou`t nen snip`n ljry Hfurlj` N YYL =9=:/:;13 Tfùoc :, Nssuc :, Hu`y =;:9

jarniu`turj` wfrbcrs dfr ecsnal fd arnps, gjle`css scjts, wfrb gcnagt, wfrb spjics jle ifltrf`s nl jarniu`turjòjignlcry

Nl tgns prfhcit, tgc cqunpoclts jle tff`s `nbc dfur rfw enrcit pjeey sccecr, suajrijlc strnppcr'ectrjsgcr., arfulelut strnppcr, dcrtn`nzcr mrfjeijstcr, drunt gjrvcstcr, pcej` fpcrjtce pjeey tgrcsgcr, enjpgrjao

pcej` puop, gjle rneacr, gjlanla typc arjnl i`cjlcr, I]]N twf rfw rnic trjlsp`jltcr, I]]N dfur rfw rnictrjlsp`jltcr, ifttfl stj`b pu``cr jle, noprfvce snib`c wcrc ofendnce jle ecsnalce cspcinj``y dfr tgc wfocldjrocrs

J`sf, tgc trjnlnla prfarjoocs jle ecoflstrjtnfls fd craf rcdnlce sjdc djro tff`s, cqunpoclt jleojignlcs wjs ijrrnce fut js j pjrt fd tgns prfhcit wgnig nliùecs 8 Dnxnla fd YOT syomf`s&dùfrcsiclt stnibcrsfl trjitfr/trjn`crs dfr noprfvnla vnsnmn`nty jle tgus jvfnenla jiineclts euc tf if``nsnfl2 Ecoflstrjtnfl fdsprjynla sjdcty bnts 'djic ojsb, cyc afaa`cs, jprfls, dncè ijps, gjle a`fvcs jle auo mfft. tf djrocrs tf actdccemjib jle rceuinla cxpfsurc tf igconij`s2 Ecoflstrjtnfl fd craflfonij``y noprfvce tff`s jle cqunpoclt2Yjdcty jwjrclcss prfarjoocs fl trjitfrs jle ftgcr jarniu`turj` ojignlcs jle2 Urjnlnla prfarjoocs&ecoflstrjtnfls fd wfocl drncle`y tff`s jle cqunpoclt

Durtgcr, tgc [rfhcit if``citce nldfrojtnfl drfo vjrnfus stjtcs fl jefptnfl fd EO]J 'Jefptnfl fdEjlacrfus Ojignlc ]cau`jtnfl Jit. :>79 jle prfm`cos nl nts nop`cocltjtnfl Mjsce fl tgc dccemjib, j

prfpfsj` dfr rcvnsnfl nl EO]J :>79 gjvc mccl prcpjrce jle sclt tf iflicrlce jutgfrntncs dfr rcvnsnfl fd tgcJit J`sf, tgc nldfrojtnfl wjs if``citce drfo vjrnfus stjtc afvcrloclts fl ifopclsjtnfl prfvnsnfls jvjn`jm`c,nd jly, dfr jarniu`turj` jiineclt vnitnos nl tgcnr stjtcs Mjsce fl tgns nldfrojtnfl j ofec` prfpfsj` dfr

ifopclsjtnfl tf jarniu`turj` jiineclt vnitnos wjs prcpjrce jle scle tf icltrj` afvcrloclt jle j`` tgc stjtcafvcrloclts dfr tgcnr nldfrojtnfl jle lcicssjry jitnfl Euc tf tgcsc cddfrts, sfoc stjtcs gjvc stjrtceifopclsjtnfl sigcocs& sfinj` sciurnty sigcocs tf prfvnec mcttcr ifopclsjtnfl mclcdnts tf jarniu`turj` jiinecltvnitnos fr tgcnr djon`ncs

IFLI@SENLA ]COJ]BY

J`` tgc jmfvc craflfoni rcscjrig stuencs, iurrniuùo ifopflclts jle tgc cxtclsnfl jitnvntncs fdjarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl nl Nlenj wjs dulitnflnla wntg nltcr/ensinp`nljry frncltjtnfls Ugcrc ns j lcce dfr pjrjenaosgndt drfo snla`c ensinp`nlc frncltjtnfl tf ou`tn ensinp`nljry jpprfjig Lfw tgc trcle nl jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl nsofvnla tfwjres ecvc`fpnla prfonsnla tciglf`fancs jle ojljacoclt fptnfls tf rjnsc prfeuitnvnty tf occt tgcarfwnla dffe ecojle nl j sntujtnfl fd ectcrnfrjtnla prfeuitnfl clvnrfloclt jt tgc `fwcst ifst jle tf ecvc`fpjpprfprnjtc tciglf`fancs, ircjtc rcqunrce nldrjstruiturc jle tf cvf`vc nlstntutnflj` jrrjlacoclts dfr prfeuitnfl,

pfst/gjrvcst jle ojrbctnla fd gnag/vjùc jle pcrnsgjm`c ifoofentncs jle tgcnr vjùc jeece prfeuits Jt tgc

sjoc tnoc, tgc jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl wjs tgrnvnla tf prcpjrc quj`nty guojl rcsfurics tf mcttcr ijrry fut tgcou`tnp`c tjsbs tf du`dn` tgc ecojles fd tgc jarniu`turj` sfincty Ugus, tgc tcjignla, rcscjrig jle cxtclsnfljitnvntncs fd tgc jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl sgfuè nliùec craflfoni ifopflclts wgnig jrc fd ou`tn/enoclsnflj` nlljturc dfiussnla tgc nlenvneuj` Yuig jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl wn`` occt tgc lcces fd tgc stjbcgfècrs nlvf`vce nljarniu`turc Ugc stjbcgfècrs nlvf`vce nl jarniu`turc nliùec djrocrs, djon`ncs fd tgc djrocrs, nleustrncsojludjiturnla dcrtn`nzcrs jle ojlurcs, vcgni`c ecsnalcrs, ifooulnty pcfp`c, `jle gfècrs, ojrbct, rjtnfl sgfps

'pum`ni enstrnmutnfl sgfp., djitfrncs, stueclts, rcscjrigcrs, ocltfrs, trjnlcrs, jarniu`turj` nlstntutnfls, pf`niyojbcrs, if/fpcrjtnvc mjlbs cti,

Jlyflc nlvf`vce nl jarniu`turc ojy djic igj``clacs jle jrc ensjm`ce nl flc wjy fr tgc ftgcr tf pcrdfrotgc ecsnrjm`c tjsb J`sf, tgcrc jrc scvcrj` ijscs wgcrc j pcrsfl wjs ensjm`ce mcijusc fd nlhurncs ijusce my tgcjarniu`turj` jitnvntncs Js ensjmn`nty nl mfrecr sclsc rcdcrs tf j sfinj`, pgysnij` fr ocltj` iflentnfl tgjt `nonts j

pcrsfls ofvcoclts, sclscs fr jitnvntncs, cntgcr j pcrsfl ojy mc ensjm`ce fr tgc clvnrfloclt ojy mc ensjm`ce tf

ijrry fut tgc jarniu`turj` jitnvntncs Jiifrenla tf tgc wfres fd Mjl Bn/offl '=;::. Ecvc`fpoclt ijl fl`y mcsustjnljm`c wgcl nt ns cquntjm`c, nliùsnvc jle jiicssnm`c dfr j`` Ugus tgc jarniu`turj` ceuijtnf l 'tcjignla,trjnlnla, rcscjrig jle cxtclsnfl. nl Nlenj sgfuè nliùec tgc craflfoni ifopflclts tgjt djin`ntjtc ifltnlufusecvc`fpoclt fd j`` tgc stjbcgfècrs Ugc snalndnijlic fd jpp`nijtnfl fd craflfonis nl jly wfrbp`jic ns `juejm`c,

pjrtniu`jr`y nl tgc dncè fd jarniu`turc, nts rf`c ns ifooclejm`c Ugc snalndnijlic fd jpp`ynla ou`tn/enoclsnfljòfec` fd craflfonis nl jarniu`turc pjvc wjys tf rceuic tgc pftcltnj` dfr jiineclts2 rceuics tgc pftcltnj` dfrnlhury jle n`` gcj`tg2 noprfvcs pcrdfrojlic jle prfeuitnvnty2 rceuic tgc `nbc`ngffe fd jl jiineclt2 rceuic tgc

pftcltnj` dfr n`` gcj`tg jt wfrb, suig js jigcs jle pjnls fd tgc wrnsts, sgfuècrs jle mjib2 iflsnecr tgc `jyfut fdifltrf`s jle cqunpoclt2 gc`p tf ecsnal tgc wfrbp`jic tgjt ns jiicssnm`c tf j``2 necltndy jle ulecrstjles tgc

prfm`cos fd tgc stjbcgfècrs gf`nstnij``y2 wfrbfut pfssnm`c sfùtnfls tf sf`vc jle prcvclt tgc prfm`co2 ifltrf`sjle ojljacs vjrnfus djitfrs gnlecrnla tgc wfrb prficss2 gc`p tf ecvc`fp iffpcrjtnfl jle ifooulnijtnfls

mctwccl vjrnfus arfups fd stjbcgfècrs 'mctwccl djon`y jle djrocr, djrocr jle ifooulnty, djrocr jle


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Ifalntn vc Ensifurscs N ltcrljtnflj` Ou`t nensnip`n ljry Hfurlj` NYYL =9=:/:;13 Tfùoc :, N ssuc :, Hu`y =;:9 ::

Zuj`nty Guojl ]csfurics

Cquj`nty

Nllfvjtnfls

Ciflfoni Nlecpcleclic

Jiifultjmn`nty

Ojignlc, vcgni`cs, tff` ecsnal $sjdcty[gysnij` clvnrflocltQc`djrc djin`ntncs jle rcsfuricsDjon`y $ ifooulnty iffpcrjtnflQfrb frajlnzjtnfl $ sigceu`cs[f`niy drjocwfrb cti,

[crsflj`&mnf`fanijÒcenij`Yfinf/iu`turj`Yfinf/ciflfonij`[syigf`fanij`Clvnrflocltj`

Ucjignla DfrojÙrjnlnla Nldfroj`]cscjrig Lfl/dfroj`Cxtclsnfl

jarniu`turj` frajlnzjtnfl cti,.2 necltndy suntjm`c hfms jiifrenla tf tgc lcces fd tgc nlenvneuj` djrocr jle tgc hfmojrbct2 prfvnec sbn`` trjnlnla tf tgc djrocrs2 gc`ps nl ensjmn`nty ojljacoclt2 ircjtc jle frajlnzc tgc ejtjmjsc2djin`ntjtcs tciglf`fay trjlsdcr2 dnle pfssnm`c wjys fd utn`nznla tgc `fij` rcsfurics cti, J`sf, N@F jle NCJ '=;:=.suaacstce tcl craflfoni igcibpfnlts nl jarniu`turc wgnig jrc tgc cxjop`cs fd prjitnij` craflfoni nltcrvcltnflstgjt ijl mc jigncvce jt `fw fr lf ifsts nl jarniu`turj` jle rurj` scttnlas jle jrc pjrtniu`jr`y jpp`nijm`c nlecvc`fpnla ifultrncs Ugc igcibpfnlts nliùecs :. stfrjac jle gjle`nla fd ojtcrnj`s, =. wfrbstjtnfls jle tff`s,9. ojignlc sjdcty, 5. jarniu`turj` vcgni`cs, 3. pgysnij` clvnrfloclt, 4. ifltrf` fd gjzjrefus igconij`s, 1.clvnrflocltj` prftcitnfl, 7. wc`djrc djin`ntncs, >. djon`y jle ifooulnty iffpcrjtnfl jle, wfrb frajlnzjtnfl jlewfrb sigceu`cs

Dnaurc: Nltcarjtnfl fd Craflfoni jle Ensjmn`nty Ifopflclts nl Jarniu`turj` Ceuijtnfl

Dfr cxjop`c, tgc craflfonis &jarniu`turj` clanlccrnla pjpcr fr jly ftgcr pjpcr nl jarniu`turj`

ceuijtnfl sgj`` nliùec ifopflclts `nbc, ensjmn`nty jle jarniu`turc2 rnsb djitfrs nlvf`vce nl j pjrtniu`jr hfm dfrtgc ensjm`ce djrocr2 cqunpoclt ecsnal2 ojignlc jle vcgni`c sjdcty2 fppfrtulntncs jvjn`jm`c dfr tgc ensjm`cedjrocr tf ojrbct tgc prfeuits2 rcsfurics jvjn`jm`c2 wjys jle ocjls fd frajlnznla sc`d/gc`p arfups, sccbnlasuppfrt drfo ifooulnty pcfp`c cti, Ugc nliùsnfl fd tgc craflfoni ifopflclts nl tgc iurrniuùo fdjarniu`turj` ifurscs wn`` prcpjrc tgc guojl rcsfurics tf frajlnzc tgc jarniu`turj` jitnvnty nl j wjy tf mcttcr occttgc lcces fd tgc djrocrs gf`nstnij``y wgnig nl pjrtniu`jr ecvc`fps tgcnr cxpcrtnsc nl ensjmn`nty ojljacocltOiLjojrj '=;;5. rcdcrs ensjmn`nty ojljacoclt nl jarniu`turc js tgc prficss fd sccbnla tf rceuic tgc nopjit fdensjmn`nty tf tgc du``cst pfssnm`c cxtclt Ugc dfur ojnl jpprfjigcs lftce my gcr nliùec8 :. prcvcltnfl fdensjmn`nty, wgcrc pfssnm`c, my suig ocjls js nop`cocltjtnfl fd sjdcty ocjsurcs, =. prfoftnfl fd gcj`tg jleircjtnla j gcj`tgy wfrbnla clvnrfloclt, 9. cjr`y nltcrvcltnfl wgnig nlvf`vcs noocenjtc ocjsurcs df``fwnla tgcfiiurrclic fd ensjmn`nty tf onlnonsc nts nopjit jle, 5. ijsc ojljacoclt gc`ps nl if/frenljtnla tgc rcturl fd tgc

pcrsfl nltf lfroj` `ndc jle wfrb jitnvntncs tf tgc du``cst cxtclt pfssnm`c Jpjrt drfo tgcsc ensjmn`nty ojljacocltsbn``s, tgc stueclts jle rcscjrigcr my blfwnla tgc craflfoni jle guojl djitfrs wc`` nl jevjlic sgj`` nlvf`vc nl

necltndynla hfms suntjm`c dfr j ensjm`ce djrocr, copfwcrce tf trjnl tgco tf pfsscs tgc lcicssjry sbn``s rcqunrce tfpcrdfro j hfm, ojbc tgc clvnrfloclt jiicssnm`c tf tgco, oftnvjtc tgc djon`y ocomcrs tf suppfrt tgc ensjm`cedjrocr, suaacst tgc djvfurjm`c pf`nincs cti,

Ugc sifpc fd jpp`nijtnfl fd craflfonis nl jarniu`turj` ceuijtnfl ns wnecr Ugns wn`` af j `fla wjy nlprfeuinla quj`nty guojl rcsfurics jle nl noprfvnla tgc quj`nty fd jarniu`turj` sinclic tgrfuag lcw nllfvjtnflsUgcsc wn`` nl/turl nliuìjtcs jiifultjmn`nty nl `cjrlcrs jle prfoftc tgc prnlinp`c fd cqunty wgnig ojbc tgco tfrcspcit jle vjùc envcrsnty 'Dna :.

]CDC]CLICY

Jllc, @ '=;;4. Affe [rjitnics dfr tgc Ciflfoni Nliùsnfl fd [crsfls wntg Ensjmn`ntncs nl Ecvc`fpnlaIfultrncs Dulenla Ocigjlnsos dfr Yc`d Cop`fyoclt, Gjlenijp Nltcrljtnflj`


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:= Ifalntn vc Ensifurscs N ltcrljtnflj` Ou`t nen snip`n ljry Hfurlj` N YYL =9=:/:;13 Tfùoc :, Nssuc :, Hu`y =;:9

Mjl Bn/offl '=;::. [rcdjic, Yuoojry ]cpfrt fd tgc [rfhcit @nvc`ngffe Fppfrtulntncs dfr [crsfls wntgEnsjmn`ntncs, SLE[, Lcw Ec`gn

Mclceyb, ], Qffeifib, J jle Gjrecr, J '=;;>. Ugc Gcxjafl/Ypnle`c Ofec` dfr Ceuijtnflj` Craflfonis,Qfrb, 9= '9., =91/57

Ijjs, HH, Tc`nigbfvsby, MM jle Tc`nigbfvsby, MO 'le. Guojl Djitfrs jle Craflfonis

Ecsgoubg, [T '=;::. Djrocrs Yuninecs nl Nlenj,Nlenjl Ytrcjos ]cscjrig Hfurlj`, :':., ::9/::1

Ecv, OY '=;:=. Yoj`` Djrocrs nl Nlenj 8 Igj``clacs jle Fppfrtulntncs , Nlenrj Ajlegn Nlstntutc fdEcvc`fpoclt ]cscjrig, Ouomjn, ]ctrncvce drfo gttp8&&wwwnanerjinl&ped&pum`nijtnfl&Q[/=;:=/;:5ped fl ;=;::9

Ecwjlajl, BL, [rjsjllj Buojr, AT, Yuhj, [@ jle Igfuegury, OE '=;;3. Jltrfpfoctrni Enoclsnfls fdDjro ^futg fd tgc Lfrtcgrl Cjstcrl ]canfl fd Nlenj,Nltcrljtnflj` Hfurlj` fd Nleustrnj` Craflfonis, 93,>1>/>7>

Dcrljlecz, HJ jle Sppuafleurn, BA ':>>=. Jltgrfpfoctry fd Yfutg Nlenjl Nleustrnj` Qfrbojl,Craflfonis, 93 '::., :9>9/:9>7

Dncè, QC jle Afla, Y/D ':>7;. Jarniu`turj` Ojignlcry Yjdcty nl Ignlj, [jpcr prcscltce jt tgc :>7=Yuoocr Occtnla, JYJC, [jpcr Lf 7=/3;;1

Antc, @[ jle ^jejv, MA ':>7>. Jltrfpfoctrni Yurvcy dfr Jarniu`turj` Ojignlcry Ecsnal, Jpp`nceCraflfonis, =; '9., :>:/:>4

Auptj, [B, Ygjroj, J[ jle Auptj, O@ ':>79. Jltgrfpfoctrni Yurvcy fd Nlenj Djro Qfrbcrs,Jarniu`turj` Ocigjlnzjtnfl nl Jsnj, Jdrnij jle @jtnl Jocrnij, :4 ':., =1/9;

Gustfl, JD jle Yontg, I ':>4>. Djro Jiineclts nl Yjsbjtigcwjl Ijljenjl Ocenij` Jssfinjtnfl Hfurlj`,:;;, 145/14>

NIJ] '=;::. Tnsnfl Efiuoclt =;9;, Nlenjl Ifulin` fd Jarniu`turj` ]cscjrig, Lcw Ec`gn, ]ctrncvce drfowwwnijrfranl fl ;=;::9

NIJ] '=;:=. Ljtnflj` Jarniu`turj` Ceuijtnfl [rfhcit Erjdt Efiuoclt, Ceuijtnfl Envnsnfl, NIJ], LcwEc`gn

NCJ '=;;;. Nltcrljtnflj` Craflfonis Jssfinjtnfl8 Urncllnj` rcpfrt, Yjltj Oflnij, IJ 8 NCJ [rcss

N@F jle NCJ '=;:=. Craflfonis Igcibpfnlts nl Jarniu`turc 8 [rjitnij` jle cjsy/tf/nop`coclt sfùtnfls dfrnoprfvnla sjdcty, gcj`tg jle wfrbnla iflentnfls nl jarniu`turc, Nltcrljtnflj` @jmfr Fddnic, Aclcvj

NLEA>;/rcv= '=;;1. Slecrstjlenla Craflfonis jt Qfrb/@cjd`ct, Gcj`tg jle Yjdcty Cxciutnvc Mffbs, p =

Bj`cljb, J, Afrefl, Y@, On``cr, YG, Arccr, ]M jle Arjgjo, Q[ ':>17. [fwcr Ujbc/fdd Nlhurncs,Hfurlj`fd Urjuoj, :9, 113/17=

Bjf, GY] ':>14. Fl Ceuijtnflj` Craflfonis,Craflfonis, :> '4., 441/43:

Bc`scy, UQ jle Hclbnls, [@ ':>>:. Djro Urjitfrs jle Ojlejtfry ]f``/fvcr [rftcitnfl ]ctrfdnt 8 [ftcltnjÌfsts fd tgc [f`niy nl Lcw ^frb, Jocrnijl Hfurlj` fd [um`ni Gcj`tg, 7:, >=:/>=9

Buojr, J, Ofgjl, E jle Ojgjhjl, [ ':>>7. Ytuencs fl Urjitfr rc`jtce nlhurncs nl Lfrtgcrl Nlenj, Jiineclt

Jlj`ysns jle [rcvcltnfl, 9;, 39/4;Buojr, B, Tjragcsc, O jle Ofgjl, E 'le. Cqunpoclt rc`jtce Nlhurncs nl Jarniu`turc8 Jl Nltcrljtnflj`

[crspcitnvc

OiLjojrj, H '=;;5. ensjmn`nty nl Djro Gfuscgfès, ]ctrncvce drfo wwwfjsnsafvnc fl ;=;::9

Ofgjl, E jle [jtc`, ] ':>>=. Ecsnal fd Yjdcr Jarniu`turj` Cqunpoclt8 Jpp`nijtnfl fd Craflfonis jleCpneconf`fay,Nltcrljtnflj` Hfurlj` fd Nleustrnj` Craflfonis, :;, 9;:/9;>

Ofgjlty, YB, Mcgcrj, MB jle Yjtjpjtgy, AI '=;;7. Craflfonis fd Djro Qfocl nl Ojluj` [jeeyUgrcsgnla,Jarniu`turj` Clanlccrnla Nltcrljtnflj` 8 Ugc INA] C Hfurlj`, Ojlusirnpt OCY ;7 ;;=, W
http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/WP-2012-014.pdfhttp://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/WP-2012-014.pdfhttp://www.icar.org.in/http://www.oasis.gov.ie/http://www.oasis.gov.ie/http://www.icar.org.in/http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/WP-2012-014.pdfhttp://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/WP-2012-014.pdf


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Ifalntn vc Ensifurscs N ltcrljtnflj` Ou`t nensnip`n ljry Hfurlj` NYYL =9=:/:;13 Tfùoc :, N ssuc :, Hu`y =;:9 :9

Lnomj`bjr, YJ, [jtn`, TE jle Nla`c, [F 'le. Enstjlic Jarniu`turj` Ceuijtnfl 8 [crspcitnvcs nlJarniu`turj` Ecvc`fpoclt nl Nlenj

LNFYG ':>>1.Ousiu`fsbc`ctj` Ensfrecrs jle Qfrbp`jic Djitfrs, Inlinlljtn 'FG., [um Lf >1/::5

FYGJ '=;;;.Craflfonis 8 Ugc Ytuey fd Qfrb, Fiiupjtnflj` Yjdcty jle Gcj`tg Jeonlnstrjtnfl FYGJ 9:=3,SY Ecpt fd @jmfr

Fwcl, AO jle Gultcr, JAO ':>79. J Yurvcy fd Urjitfr Fvcrturlnla Jiineclts nl tgc Slntce Bnlaefo,

Hfurlj` fd Fiiupjtnflj` Jiineclts, 3, :73/:>9

[gn`np, AY jle Ucwjrn, TB '=;;;. Jltgrfpfoctry fd Nlenjl Dcoj`c Jarniu`turj` Qfrbcrs jle Nop`nijtnfl flUff` Ecsnal,Jarniu`turj` Ocigjlnzjtnfl nl Jsnj, Jdrnij jle @jtnl Jocrnij, 9: ':.,[p 49/44

Ycl, ]L, Lja, [B jle ]jy, AA ':>11. Yfoc Jltgrfpfoctry fd tgc [cfp`c fd Cjstcrl Nlenj, Hfurlj` fdNlenjl Jltgrfpf`fanij` Yfincty, :=, =;:/=;7

Ynopsfl, YA ':>75. Djro Ojignlcry Nlhurncs,Hfurlj` fd Urjuoj, =5, :3;/:3=

Ynlag, Y jle Jrfrj, ] '=;:;. Nltcrvcltnfl dfr prcvcltnla Ousiu`fsbc`ctj` Ensfrecrs jofla Djro Qfocl,Hfurlj` fd Jarniu`turj` Yinclic, :'=., 4:/1:

Yuutjrnlcl, H ':>>=. Urjitfr Jiineclts jle tgcnr [rcvcltnfl, Nltcrljtnflj` Hfurlj` fd Nleustrnj` Craflfonis,:;, 9=:/=>

Ucwjrn, T, Jn`jvjen, ], Ecwjlajl, B jle Ygjrjlan, Y '=;;1. ]jtnflj`nzce Ejtjmjsc fd Nlenjl Jarniu`turj`Qfrbcrs dfr Cqunpoclt Ecsnal,Jarniu`turj` Clanlccrnla Nltcrljtnflj`8 tgc INA] C Hfurlj`, OjlusirnptOCY ;3 ;;5, NW

Ucwjrn, TB jle Jn`jvjen, ] '=;;=. Craflfoni Ejtjmjsc dfr Clanlccrnla Ecsnal fd Jarniu`turj` Ojiignlcs,Dnlj` ]cpfrt, Jl Je/gfi [rfhcit Ypflsfrce my Nlenjl Ifulin` fd Jarniu`turj` ]cscjrig, Lcw Ec`gn

Uwc`dtg Dnvc ^cjr [`jl '=;:=/:1. Uwc`dtg Dnvc ^cjr [`jl ]cpfrt fd tgc Qfrbnla Arfup fl Jarniu `turj`]cscjrig jle Ceuijtnfl, Tfùoc, :, [`jllnla Ifoonssnfl, Afvt fd Nlenj, Fitfmcr =;::

SLE[ '=;::. Yuoojry ]cpfrt fd tgc [rfhcit @nvc`ngffe Fppfrtulntncs dfr [crsfls wntg Ensjmn`ntncs , SLE[,Lcw Ec`gn

Spejtc '=;;4. Jar/jmn`ntncs [rfhcit Gc`ps Djrocrs wntg Ensjmn`ntncs Yuiicces nl Jarniu`turc, Nlstntutc flGuojl Ecvc`fpoclt jle Ensjmn`nty, Slnvcrsnty fd Acfranj

Qnibcls, IE jle Gf``jles, HA '=;;;. Clanlccrnla [syigf`fay jle Guojl [crdfrojlic '9re ce. SppcrYjee`c ]nvcr, LH 8 [rcltnic/Gj``

^jejv, ], Ucwjrn, TB jle [rjsje, L ':>>1. Jltgrfpfoctrni Ejtj fd Nlenjl Djro Qfrbcrs / J Ofeu`cJlj`ysns,Jpp`nce Craflfonis, =7 ':., 4>/1:

JMFSU UGC JSUGF]

[ffrlnoj ]jhclerjl '[ffrlnoj, ].

[ffrlnoj, ] ene gcr [gE fl coftnflj` nltc``naclic, fiiupjtnflj` strcss jle hfm sjtnsdjitnfl fd spcinj`ceuijtnfl tcjigcrs jle nlvcstnajtce tgc tcjigcr trjnlnla prfarjoocs nl Lfrwjy wntg spcinj` rcdcrclictf nliùsnvc ceuijtnfl nl gcr pfst efitfrj` rcscjrig dulece my tgc ]cscjrig Ifulin` fd Lfrwjy ulecrâaerjsn` Arjlt =;::/:= Gcr rcscjrig jrcj dfiuscs fl tcjigcr ceuijtnfl pjrtniu`jr`y dfiusnla fl

prfdcssnflj` ecvc`fpoclt fd stueclt tcjigcrs, tcjigcrs jle tcjigcr ceuijtfrsA @fbjljegj ]ceey ']ceey, A @.

]ceey, A@ ns j [rfdcssfr jle Ecjl fd tgc Yigff` fd Ceuijtnfl jle G]E, Erjvnenjl Slnvcrsnty, NlenjGc ns j`sf j Ifooflwcj`tg Jijeconi Ytjdd Dc``fwsgnp jwjrecc twnic ':>>1 jle =;:=. jle vnsntceEcpjrtoclt fd Ceuijtnfl, Slnvcrsnty fd Qj`cs, Ywjlscj tf pursuc tgc ceuijtnfl fd ignèrcl wntgspcinj` lcces jle, tgc Ecpjrtoclt fd Gcj`tg jle @ndc Yinclics, Ifvcltry Slnvcrsnty tf cxp`frc tgcensjmn`nty stuencs prfarjoocs nl tgc ulnvcrsntncs fd SB Gns jrcj fd spcinj`nzjtnfl nliùecs ceuijtnfl,jeu`t ceuijtnfl, nliùsnvc ceuijtnfl jle ensjmn`nty stuencs

((((((


21/242

:5 Ifalntn vc Ensifurscs N ltcrljtnflj` Ou`t nen snip`n ljry Hfurlj` N YYL =9=:/:;13 Tfùoc :, Nssuc :, Hu`y =;:9

ENYJMN@NU^ JLE DJ]ONLA NL NLENJ8

[]FM@COY JLE []FY[CIUY

Er A @fbjljegj ]ceey:

jle Er ] Tnhjyj Jlurjegj=

Jmstrjit

Djronla fdtcl ns `nstce js flc fd tgc ofst strcssdu` jle gjzjrefus fiiupjtnfls, yct ofst djrocrs sjy

tgcy wfuèlt trjec nt dfr jly ftgcr hfm Nl scvcrj` ifultrncs tgc djtj` jiineclt rjtc nl jarniu`turc ns efum`c tgc

jvcrjac dfr j`` ftgcr nleustrncs Qfocl nl jarniu`turc, `nbc ojly ftgcr rurj` wfrbcrs, gjvc j gnag nlineclic fd

nlhurncs jle enscjscs jle jrc nlsuddninclt`y rcjigce my gcj`tg scrvnics 'N@F, =;;;. Cxpfsurc tf pcstninecs jleftgcr jarfigconij`s iflstntutcs j ojhfr fiiupjtnflj` rnsb wgnig ojy rcsu`t nl pfnsflnla jle ecjtg jle, nl

icrtjnl ijscs, wfrb/rc`jtce ijlicr, rcprfeuitnvc nopjnroclts jle pcrojlclt ensjmn`nty 'Irnsp ct j`, :>>72Gur`cy ct j`, :>>7.

Ugns pjpcr c`jmfrjtc`y ecj`s wntg tgc ocjlnla fd ensjmn`nty, prfm`cos nlvf`vce nl djronla `nbc2

prfeuitnfl rnsb, ojrbctnla rnsb, dnljlinj` rnsb, fècr cqunpoclts jle ojignlcrncs, rnsb fd guojl rcsfurics, `jibfd gcj`tg jle ensjmn`nty nlsurjlic cti Mjrrncrs djice my djrocrs wntg ensjmn`ntncs nliùec `jib fd nldfrojtnfl fl

cddcitnvc wfrbsntc jiifoofejtnfl, ciflfoni iflstrjnlts rcsu`tnla drfo `jib fd wjac/`fss, nsf`jtnfl drfo lccece

scrvnics, `jib fd prfdcssnflj`s trjnlce fl gfw tf gc`p pcfp`c jiifoofejtc tgcnr ensjmn`ntncs nl jl jarniu`turj`

fiiupjtnfl, `jib fd dnljlinj` rcsfurics tf pjy dfr lccece gcj`tg ijrc scrvnics, jle lcajtnvc jttntuec jofla

prfdcssnflj`s nl tgc ocenij`, rcgjmn`ntjtnfl, jle jarniu`turc/rc`jtce nleustrncs jmfut tgc jmn`nty fd jarniu`turj`wfrbcrs wntg ensjmn`ntncs tf ifltnluc nl j gnag/rnsb pgysnij``y ecojlenla fiiupjtnfl wcrc gnag`nagtce gcrc Ugcjutgfrs j`sf ensiusscs tgc drcquclt gjzjres nl jarniu`turc tgjt `cjes tf ou`tnp`c drjiturcs, `jicrjtnfls jle

trjuojtni joputjtnfls cti euc tf ojignlcrncs suig js trjitfrs, truibs jle gjrvcstcrs, jle iuttnla jle pncrinla

tff`s2 gjzjrefus igconij`s `nbc pcstninecs, dcrtn`nzcrs, jltnmnftnis, `nvcstfib $ vctcrnljrnjl prfeuits jle j`sf

sfoc tfxni fr j``craclni jaclts Ugc pjpcr j`sf dfiusce fl tgc ocjls fd ensjmn`nty ojljacoclt dfr djrocrs wntg

ensjmn`ntncs suig js2 wjys fd onlnonznla sjdcty rnsbs, usc fd affe jarniu`turj` prjitnics, suppfrt fd&tf tgc

lcnagmfrs, gcj`tg jle ensjmn`nty nlsurjlic, sfinj` sciurnty systco, suppfrtnvc scrvnics, rcgjmn`ntjtnfl icltcrs,

jarniu`turc cxtclsnfl prfarjoocs cti Dnlj``y, tgc jutgfrs ifliùece wntg sfoc suaacstnfls nl tcros fd

Jarn iu`turc jle J``n ce Djronla, Gfrtn iu`turc,Jlnoj` Gusmjlery jle ]c`jtce Jitnvntn cs, D nsgcrn cs, Dfrcstryjle Ljtu rj` ]csfurics jle2Ftgcr Jitnvntncssuntjm`c dfr ensjm`ce djrocrs Jarniu`turc jle J``nce Djronla

suig js2 Mctc` `cjvcs, Irfp iu`tnvjtnfl, Gjrvcstnla rnic, Arfwnla vcactjm`cs, Ousgrffo iu`tnvjtnfl, Flnfl

dncès, [jeey iu`tnvjtnfl, Nrrnajtnfl cti2 Gfrtniu`turc nlvf`vnla Ajreclnla 'd`fwcrs, drunts, vcactjm`cs.,

Lurscrncs, Ijrnla fd p`jlts jle d`fwcrs,Iut d`fwcrs, Yc``nla fd drunts, vcactjm`cs, d`fwcrs, cti2 Jlnoj`Gusmjlery jle ]c`jtce Jitnvntncs `nbcIjtt`c rcjrnla fr ijrnla dfr ifws jle muddj`fcs, Euib jle ignibcl rcjrnla

dfr caas, [na djronla, [fu`try djronla, Zujn` rjnsnla dfr caas, Yn`b wfro rjnsnla fr Ycrniu`turc cti2 Dnsgcrncs

nliùenlaJqujiu`turc, Irjm djronla, Dnsgnla / ijtdnsg drfo rnvcr, Fttcr rjnsnla, Oussc`s djronla, Ygrnop

djronla cti2 Dfrcstry jle Ljturj` ]csfurics `nbcMrffo prfeuitnfl, Gjlenirjdt drfo pjò trccs, Gjt ojbnla

drfo dfrcst jle ljturj` prfeuits, Qcjvnla cti jle2 Ftgcr Jitnvntncs `nbcMjsbctry, I`ftgnla prfeuitnfl, Djroojignlcry rcpjnr, Gjlenirjdts, Nliclsc stnib prfeuitnfl, Ojt wcjvnla, Enstrnmutnfl fd dnlnsgce affes, D`fwcr

ojbnla, cti

NLU]FESIUNFL

Jarniu`turc scitfr ns vntj` dfr tgc dffe jle lutrntnflj` sciurnty fd tgc ljtnfl Ugc scitfr rcojnls tgcprnlinpj` sfuric fd `nvc`ngffe dfr ofrc tgjl 37# fd tgc Nlenjl pfpu`jtnfl tgfuag nts ifltrnmutnfl tf tgc ljtnfljÀE[ gjs eci`nlce tf :5=# euc tf gnag arfwtg cxpcrnclice nl nleustrncs jle scrvnic scitfrs Ifopjrce tf ftgcr

ifultrncs, Nlenj djics j arcjtcr igj``clac, snlic wntg fl`y =9# sgjrc nl wfrès tftj` `jle jrcj nt gjs tf clsurcdffe sciurnty fd nts pfpu`jtnfl wgnig ns jmfut :13# fd wfrè pfpu`jtnfl 'Jlluj` ]cpfrt, =;:;/::. J`sf, tgcdfrwjre jle mjibwjre `nlbjac cddcits fd jarniu`turc arfwtg nlircjsc tgc nlifoc nl tgc lfl/jarniu`turc scitfrUgc arfwtg fd sfoc ifoocrinj` irfps gjs snalndnijlt pftcltnj` dfr prfoftnla cxpfrts fd jarniu`turjìfoofentncs jle mrnlanla jmfut djstcr ecvc`fpoclt fd jarf/mjsce nleustrncs Ugus jarniu`turc lft fl`yifltrnmutcs tf fvcrj`` arfwtg fd tgc ciflfoy mut j`sf rceuics pfvcrty my prfvnenla cop`fyoclt jle dffesciurnty tf tgc ojhfrnty fd tgc pfpu`jtnfl nl tgc ifultry jle tgus nt ns tgc ofst nliùsnvc arfwtg scitfrs fd tgcNlenjl ciflfoy Ugc :=tg Dnvc ^cjr [`jl Jpprfjig [jpcr j`sf nlenijtcs tgjt jarniu`turj` ecvc`fpoclt ns jlnopfrtjlt ifopflclt fd djstcr, ofrc nliùsnvc sustjnljm`c arfwtg jpprfjig 'Ojgclerj Ecv, =;::.

: [rfdcssfr jle Gcje, Ecpt fd Ceuijtnfl, Yigff` fd Ceuijtnfl jle G]E, Erjvnenjl Slnvcrsnty, Buppjo3:1 5=4, J[ Ytjtc= [fst Efitfrj` Dc``fw, Ecpt fd Ceuijtnfl, Yigff` fd Ceuijtnfl jle G]E, Erjvnenjl Slnvcrsnty, Buppjo3:1 5=4, J[ Ytjtc
http://d/Delhi%20Seminar%20Folder/New%20Folder/Impact%20of%20pesticides%20use%20in%20agriculture%20%20their%20benefits%20and%20hazards.htm%23CIT0028http://d/Delhi%20Seminar%20Folder/New%20Folder/Impact%20of%20pesticides%20use%20in%20agriculture%20%20their%20benefits%20and%20hazards.htm%23CIT0058http://d/Delhi%20Seminar%20Folder/New%20Folder/Impact%20of%20pesticides%20use%20in%20agriculture%20%20their%20benefits%20and%20hazards.htm%23CIT0058http://d/Delhi%20Seminar%20Folder/New%20Folder/Impact%20of%20pesticides%20use%20in%20agriculture%20%20their%20benefits%20and%20hazards.htm%23CIT0028


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Ugc ecdnlntnfl fd jarniu`turc ns fdtcl aclcrj` jle noprcinsc, jle ojy nliùec flc fr ofrc fd tgcdf``fwnla jitnvntncs8

Un``jac fd tgc sfn`, iu`tnvjtnfl jle gjrvcstnla2

@nvcstfib rcjrnla2

Mrccenla fd ftgcr jlnoj`s 'pfu`try, jpniu`turc, dnsg djronla.2

Ojludjiturc fd jlnoj` gusmjlery prfeuits2

Ycces jle p`jlts prfeuitnfl2

Dfrcstry wfrb jle dfrcst iflscrvjtnfl2

[rnojry prficssnla fd jarniu`turj` prfeuits cti

Jl cstnojtce :9 mn``nfl wfrbcrs jrc clajace nl jarniu`turj` prfeuitnfl wfrèwnec Ugns rcprcsclts gj`dfd tgc tftj` wfrè `jmfur dfric Fl`y ># fd jarniu`turj` wfrbcrs jrc nl nleustrnj`nzce ifultrncs Jòfst 4;# fdtgco jrc nl ecvc`fpnla ifultrncs J arcjt ojhfrnty fd jarniu`turj` wfrbcrs jrc dfule nl Jsnj, wgnig ns tgc ofsteclsc`y pfpu`jtce rcanfl fd tgc wfrè, wntg ofrc tgjl 5;# fd tgc wfrè!s jarniu`turj` pfpu`jtnfl iflicltrjtce nlIgnlj jle ofrc tgjl =;# nl Nlenj Jarniu`turj` wfrb nlvf`vcs ou`tnp`c tjsbs jle ou`tnp`c `fijtnfls, mftg fl jejn`y jle scjsflj` mjsns Yfoc fd tgc spcindni dcjturcs fd jarniu`turj` wfrb wgnig ectcronlc wfrbnla iflentnflsjrc8

Ugc djit tgjt ofst fd tgc tjsbs jrc ijrrnce fut nl tgc fpcl jnr, cxpfsnla tgc wfrbcrs tf i`nojtniiflentnfls

Ugc scjsflj` ljturc fd tgc wfrb jle tgc uracliy fd icrtjnl tjsbs nl spcindni pcrnfes

Ugc vjrncty fd tjsbs tf mc pcrdfroce my tgc sjoc pcrsfl

Ugc typc fd wfrbnla pfsturcs jle tgc `clatg fd tgc tjsbs pcrdfroce

Ugc ifltjit wntg jlnoj`s jle p`jlts, tgus cxpfsnla wfrbcrs tf mntcs, pfnsflnla, nldcitnfls, pjrjsntnienscjscs, j``crancs jle ftgcr gcj`tg prfm`cos

Ugc usc fd igconij`s jle mnf`fanij` prfeuits

Ugc iflsnecrjm`c enstjlics mctwccl wfrbcrs! `nvnla qujrtcrs jle wfrbp`jics 'N@F, =;;;.

Jarniu`turc ns flc fd tgc ofst gjzjrefus fiiupjtnfls wfrèwnec Nl scvcrj` ifultrncs tgc djtj` jiinecltrjtc nl jarniu`turc ns efum`c tgc jvcrjac dfr j`` ftgcr nleustrncs Jiifrenla tf N@F cstnojtcs, wfrbcrs suddcr =3;on``nfl jiineclts cvcry ycjr Fut fd j tftj` fd 993,;;; djtj` wfrbp`jic jiineclts wfrèwnec, tgcrc jrc sfoc:1;,;;; ecjtgs jofla jarniu`turj` wfrbcrs Ugc nltclsnvc usc fd ojignlcry jle fd pcstninecs jle ftgcrjarfigconij`s gjs rjnsce tgc rnsbs Ojignlcry suig js trjitfrs jle gjrvcstcrs gjs tgc gnagcst drcqucliy jledjtj`nty rjtcs fd nlhury Jvjn`jm`c ejtj drfo ecvc`fpnla ifultrncs sgfws tgjt tgcrc gjs mccl jl nlircjsc nl tgcjiineclt rjtc nl jarniu`turc Yuig jiineclts fiiur ojnl`y jofla onarjlts jle ejn`y wfrbcrs, js wc`` js wfocljle ignèrcl wgfsc luomcrs nl wjace `jmfur jrc iflstjlt`y rnsnla Cxpfsurc tf pcstninecs jle ftgcrjarfigconij`s iflstntutcs j ojhfr fiiupjtnflj` rnsb wgnig ojy rcsu`t nl pfnsflnla jle ecjtg jle, nl icrtjnlijscs, wfrb/rc`jtce ijlicr, rcprfeuitnvc nopjnroclts jle pcrojlclt ensjmn`nty

Qfocl nl jarniu`turc, `nbc ojly ftgcr rurj` wfrbcrs, gjvc j gnag nlineclic fd nlhurncs jle enscjscs jlejrc nlsuddninclt`y rcjigce my gcj`tg scrvnics Ofst fd tgco gjvc prjitnij``y lf ceuijtnfl, trjnlnla fr jiicss tfnldfrojtnfl fl tgc rnsbs nlvf`vce nl tgcnr wfrb Cxpfsurc tf pffr wfrbnla iflentnfls gjs scrnfus rcpcriussnflsfl prcaljliy, jle ijl wfrscl pjtgf`fancs mrfuagt fl my fè jac Ugc rnsb fd onsijrrnjacs, prcojturc ec`nvcrncsjle spfltjlcfus jmfrtnfls gjs mccl enrcit`y rc`jtce tf wfrb nl arcclgfuscs onirfi`nojtcs jle cxpfsurc tf

pcstninecs Gcjvy wfrb eurnla irfp iu`tnvjtnfl jle gjrvcstnla ns drcquclt Yfoc stuencs gjvc sgfwl tgjttrjentnflj` dcoj`c tjsbs, suig js sfwnla fut, pnibnla fut, jle i`cjrnla, nop`ncs j snalndnijlt wfrb`fje,

pjrtniu`jr`y mcijusc tgcy jrc lft jssnstce my ocigjlnij` ocjls eurnla nrrnajtnfl, rneanla jle djronla Qgclsuig tjsbs nlvf`vc ojignlcry gjle`nla, tgcy jrc trjentnflj``y ulecrtjbcl my oj`c wfrbcrs Ijrrynla `fjes ns flcfd tgc ojhfr igfrcs fd rurj` wfocl/wfrbcrs nl ecvc`fpnla ifultrncs Ugcy ijl spcle fvcr =; gfurs j wccb fltrnps if``citnla wjtcr, dnrcwffe, `julery jle `nvcstfib, tclenla jle ojrbctnla affes jle ijrrynla wcnagts fdofrc tgjl 93 ba fl tgcnr gcjes jle mjibs fvcr iflsnecrjm`c enstjlics Ijrrynla gcjvy `fjes ijl ijusc scrnfusousiu`fsbc`ctj` ensfrecrs, suig js igrflni mjib pjnl, igcst pjnl jle onsijrrnjacs


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:4 Ifalntn vc Ensifurscs N ltcrljtnflj` Ou`t nen snip`n ljry Hfurlj` N YYL =9=:/:;13 Tfùoc :, Nssuc :, Hu`y =;:9

Qfocl rcprcsclt flc fd tgc iruinj` ecvc`fpoclt dfric nl tgc wfrè Js pcr tgc Qfrè Ciflfoni[rfdn`c, tgcy dfro 3;# fd tgc Qfrès [fpu`jtnfl, ifltrnmutc 4;# wfrbnla dfric, ojbnla uptf 9;# fd tgc

fddninj` `jmfur dfric jle ifltrnmutc 3;# nl tgc dffe prfeuitnfl 'DJF. Jt tgc gfoc drflt, lcjr`y 75# fd j``ciflfonij``y jitnvc wfocl nl Nlenj jrc clajace nl jarniu`turc jle j``nce jitnvntncs Jarniu`turc cop`fys 5&3tg fdj`` ciflfonij``y jitnvc wfocl2 tgcy ojbc :&9

refd tgc jarniu`turc `jmfur dfric jle 57# sc`d/cop`fyce djrocrs

Ugcrc jrc 13 on``nfl wfocl js jajnlst :3 on``nfl ocl nl ejnrynla, tgc luomcr fd wfocl clajace nl jlnoj`gusmjlery jiifults dfr =; on``nfl 'js jajnlst :3 on``nfl ocl.

Jiifrenla tf tgc `jtcst N@F cstnojtcs, jt `cjst =3; on``nfl ignèrcl mctwccl 3 jle :5 ycjrs fd jac wfrbnl ecvc`fpnla ifultrncs Jòfst gj`d fd tgcsc ignèrcl wfrb fl j du``/tnoc mjsns Ugc pjrtninpjtnfl rjtc fdignèrcl nl ciflfoni jitnvntncs ns ouig gnagcr nl rurj` jrcjs tgjl nl urmjl icltcrs ]urj` ignèrcl, pjrtniu`jr`yanr`s, tcle tf stjrt wfrbnla jt jl cjr`y jac Ofst ignèrcl wfrb scvcl ejys j wccb jle jrc pjne `css tgjl tgc

prcvjn`nla rjtcs nl tgcnr `fij`ntncs Ugcy wfrb `fla gfurs, jle j vcry gnag prfpfrtnfl fd tgcsc ignèrcl jrc nlhurcejt wfrbCxpfsurc tf pffr wfrbnla iflentnfls gjs scrnfus rcpcriussnfls fl ignèrcl!s arfwtg, ecvc`fpoclt jlegcj`tg Ugc ofst ifoofl nlhurncs nliùec8 iuts jle wfules, cyc nldcitnfls, sbnl prfm`cos, dcvcr, jle gcjejigcs

ijusce my cxicssnvc gcjt fr my cxpfsurc tf pcstninecs wgn`c wfrbnla nl jarniu`turj` dncès Ugcsc nlhurncs ojy`cjvc tgc djrocrs wntg pjrtnj` fr pcrojlclt ensjmn`ntncs

OCJLNLA FD ENYJMN@NU^

Jly stuey fl ensjmn`nty gjs tf ecj` wntg tgc igj``clacs fd ecdnlnla jle ocjsurnla ensjmn`nty mcijuscenddcrclt iflicptuj` ofec`s gjvc mccl ecvc`fpce tf ecdnlc ensjmn`nty Nl tgc ocenij` ofec`, ensjmn`nty ns

iflsnecrce tf mc j prfm`co fd tgc nlenvneuj` tgjt ns enrcit`y ijusce my j enscjsc, jl nlhury fr ftgcr gcj`tgiflentnfls, jle tgjt rcqunrcs ocenij` ijrc nl tgc dfro fd trcjtoclt jle rcgjmn`ntjtnfl Jl nlenvneuj` wntg jlynopjnroclt ns iflsnecrce ensjm`ce, nrrcspcitnvc fd wgctgcr tgc pcrsfl cxpcrnclics `nontjtnfls nl gns fr gcr `ndcjitnvntncs euc tf tgc nopjnroclt, wgcrc nopjnroclt ns tgc tcro usce dfr jl nlenvneuj`s iflentnfl 'ca ecjd,

m`nle. Nl ifltrjst, tgc sfinj` ofec` iflsnecrs ensjmn`nty purc`y js j sfinj` iflstruit Ensjmn`nty ns lft tgc jttrnmutcfd jl nlenvneuj`2 rjtgcr nt ns ircjtce my tgc sfinj` clvnrfloclt jle rcqunrcs sfinj` igjlac Jl nlenvneuj` wntgnopjnroclt ojy lft mc jm`c tf dnle wfrb lft mcijusc fd gns fr gcr nljmn`nty tf wfrb pcr sc, mut js j rcsu`t fdnljiicssnmn`nty fd wfrb p`jics fr ensirnonljtnfl 'Ontrj jle Yjomjoffrtgn, =;;4.

J tgnre ofec` fd nltcrcst ns tgc Nltcrljtnflj` I`jssndnijtnfl fd Dulitnflnla, Ensjmn`nty jle Gcj`tg 'NID.ecvc`fpce my tgc Qfrè Gcj`tg Frajlnzjtnfl Iflicptuj``y, NID ns prcscltce js jl nltcarjtnfl fd tgc ocenij`jle tgc sfinj` ofec`s 'QGF, =;;:. Nl tgns ofec`, ensjmn`nty ns jl uomrc``j tcro, wgnig nliùecs nopjnroclts,jitnvnty `nontjtnfls 'ca `nontjtnfl nl wj`bnla. jle pjrtninpjtnfl rcstrnitnfls 'ca rcstrnitnfls nl rcoulcrjtnvc

cop`fyoclt. Ugus ensjmn`nty ns j ifop`cx pgclfoclfl, rcd`citnla jl nltcrjitnfl mctwccl dcjturcs fd j pcrsflsmfey jle tgc sfincty nl wgnig gc fr sgc `nvcs

Ugc Iflvcltnfl fl tgc ]nagts fd [crsfls wntg Ensjmn`ntncs '=;;4., tgc dnrst `caj``y mnlenla ensjmn`ntyspcindni guojl rnagts iflvcltnfl, jefptce my tgc Slntce Ljtnfls anvcs twf ecsirnptnfls fd ensjmn`nty Ugc[rcjom`c tf tgc Iflvcltnfl stjtcs tgjt Ensjmn`nty rcsu`ts drfo tgc nltcrjitnfl mctwccl pcrsfls wntgnopjnroclts jle jttntuenlj` jle clvnrflocltj` mjrrncrs tgjt gnlecr tgcnr du`` jle cddcitnvc pjrtninpjtnfl nl

sfincty fl jl cquj` mjsns wntg ftgcrsJajnl nt copgjsnzcs tgjt [crsfls wntg ensjmn`ntncs nliùec tgfsc wgfgjvc `fla tcro pgysnij`, ocltj`, nltc``cituj` fr sclsfry nopjnroclts wgnig nl nltcrjitnfl wntg vjrnfus mjrrncrsojy gnlecr tgcnr du`` jle cddcitnvc pjrtninpjtnfl nl sfincty fl jl cquj` mjsns wntg ftgcrs Mftg tgc cxprcssnflsrcd`cit j sgndt drfo j ocenij` ofec` tf sfinj` ofec` fd ensjmn`nty

Nl Nlenj, enddcrclt ecdnlntnfls fd ensjmn`nty iflentnfls gjvc mccl nltrfeuice dfr vjrnfus purpfscs,csscltnj``y df``fwnla tgc ocenij` ofec` jle, js suig, tgcy gjvc mccl mjsce fl vjrnfus irntcrnj fd jsicrtjnlnla

jmlfroj`nty fr pjtgf`fani iflentnfls fd pcrsfls Nl jmsclic fd j iflicptuj` drjocwfrb mjsce fl tgc sfinjòfec` nl tgc Nlenjl ifltcxt, lf stjlejrenzjtnfl dfr cvjùjtnla ensjmn`nty jirfss octgfes gjs mccl jigncvce Nlifoofl pjr`jlic, enddcrclt tcros suig js ensjm`ce, gjlenijppce, irnpp`ce, pgysnij``y igj``clace, jrc usce nltcr/igjlacjm`y, nlenijtnla lftnicjm`y tgc copgjsns fl pjtgf`fani iflentnfls


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]NYBY NLTF@TCE NL DJ]ONLA

Djrocrs gjvc tf pcrdfro j wnec rjlac fd tjsbs ulecr vjrynla iflentnfls nl tgc ifursc fd j typnij`wfrbnla ejy, jle jirfss tgc scjsfls Nt!s pgysnij``y tfuag wfrb, fdtcl ulecrtjbcl j`flc, wntg sfoc dfrics lftulecr tgc djrocr!s ifltrf` `nbc wcjtgcr, fr tgc mcgjvnfur fd jlnoj`s Djro wfrb ns fdtcl ulecrtjbcl jt !rusg!tnocs, wgcrc tgc wfrb suig js gjrvcstnla fr sgcjrnla ijl!t mc ec`jyce wntgfut `fss fd nlifoc Ugcrc!s j gnag uscfd ifop`cx ojignlcry wntg ofvnla pjrts Nd tgc djon`y gfoc ns aclcrj``y `fijtce fl tgc djro, wgnig ojy ocjlignèrcl jle vnsntfrs jrc j`sf p`jice jt rnsb Djronla nlvf`vcs ojly rnsbs `nbc 'Hfjllj Arccl, le.2

n [rfeuitnfl rnsbwgnig nliùecs wcjtgcr, pcsts, cqunpoclt mrcjbefwls, jle jlytgnla c`sc tgjt enrcit`yjddcit tgc qujltnty jle quj`nty fd prfeuitnfl

nn Ojrbctnla rnsbrcsu`ts drfo ulicrtjnlty nl tgc ojrbct dfr tgc prfeuit, dfr cxjop`c ulicrtjnlty jmfut tgcprnic fr `fss fd j ojrbct flc ns cxpcitnla tf sc`` tf

nnn Dnljlinj` rnsbrc`jtcs tf flcs jmn`nty tf pjy tgc djros ijsg fm`najtnfls nl j tnoc`y ojllcr jle prftcit frarfw flcs cqunty Nt ns i`fsc`y tnce tf prfeuitnfl jle ojrbctnla rnsb jle j`sf nliùecs tgc rnsb fd nld`jtnfl

jle igjlacs nl nltcrcst rjtcs

nv Fècr cqunpoclt jle djin`ntncs ijrry jeentnflj` rnsbs, nliùenla sjdcty rnsbs Nd cqunpoclt ns lft bcpt nlcxic``clt rcpjnr, mrcjbefwls jrc ofrc drcquclt Fè wnrnla jle fvcr`fjece inriunts nlircjscs tgc rnsb fddnrc Ugc rnsb fd if``jpsc fd j mjrl ulecr gcjvy rjnl nlircjscs wntg jac, pffr ecsnal fr ejojac drfocvcryejy fpcrjtnfls Ugns j`sf puts stfrce cqunpoclt fr gfusce `nvcstfib jt rnsb

v Guojl rcsfurics rnsb nlvf`vcs ecjtg, ensjmn`nty jle ensjarccoclt, wgcrcnl, j soj`` djro ns gnag`yrc`njlt upfl tgc fpcrjtfr jle djon`y dfr nts wfrbdfric, tgcsc nlineclts ijl gjvc j guac nopjit fl tgcvnjmn`nty fd tgc musnlcss Ugc nopjit fd ecjtg jle envfric&scpjrjtnfl jrc fmvnfus J ensjmn`nty, cvcl sgfrttcro, `cjvcs tgc djro wntgfut j vntj` ocomcr fd tgc tcjo Ugc rcifvcrnla djrocr lcces tgc sciurnty fdblfwnla wgctgcr tgc musnlcss ijl ifltnluc wgn`c gc fr sgc du``y rcifvcrs jle djon`y musnlcsscs jrc

pjrtniu`jr`y vu`lcrjm`c tf tgc nopjits fd scrnfus ensjarccoclts Ugc mrcjbup fd j djon`y djro pjrtlcrsgnpijl gjvc mftg dnljlinj` jle pcrsflj` iflscquclics tgjt jrc dc`t dfr j `fla tnoc

vn @nontce wfrbdfric ns jlftgcr rnsb djitfr wgcrc ofst soj`` djros rc`y jòfst cltnrc`y fl djon`y ocomcrsdfr `jmfr jle ojljacoclt Qntg sf dcw pcfp`c efnla sf ouig, j ensjmn`nty, ensjarccoclt, fr ecjtg nl tgcdjon`y ijl cjsn`y oc

Cognitive Discourses International Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 1 Issue 1 July 2013 Nas Publishers

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Transcript of Cognitive Discourses International Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 1 Issue 1 July 2013 Nas Publishers