Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of...
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![Page 1: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Coding with ASCII:compact, yet text-based 3D content
Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hilland
INRIA Sophia-Antipolis
![Page 2: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
• Motivation
• Polygon Meshes
• Coding of Indices• Position Indices + TexCoord Indices
• Quantizing & Coding of Coordinates• Positions + Texture Coordinates
• Example
• Results, Demos & Conclusion
![Page 3: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Motivation
![Page 4: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why ASCII?
• authors “like” text-based 3D formats• wide acceptance• read & modify scene with any text editor• Web3D Developer survey: “very important”
many Web3D APIs only support ASCII(rather than supporting two formats)
no binary VRML specification
![Page 5: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Why Compression?
• authors “want” compressed 3D content• faster download
• Web3D Developer survey: “very important”
• data-heavy nodes• audio
• images
• video
• geometry
• interpolators
![Page 6: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Approaches
• readable text-based format:• support only ASCII content
• exception: “standard” binary data
• VRML and its variants
• binary format:• one (or more) binary files
• automatically “protects” the content
• proprietary (Cult, Shockwave, Viewpoint ...)
![Page 7: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Compression Standards (1)
• binary compression standards:• image data: JPEG, GIF
• audio data: MP3
• movie data: MPEG
• geometry data: ? (MPEG-4/7 ??)
• interpolator data: ? (MPEG-4/7 ??)
• “read” “edit” “write” software is plentiful
![Page 8: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Compression Standards (2)
• the structure of 3D data is more complex• audio : sequence of numbers
• image : block of numbers
• video : sequence of blocks of numbers
• geometry : + positions + triangles (or polygons ?)
+ texcoords (1, 2, 3, or 8 layers ?)+ normals or smoothing groups
(?)+ colors (per-face or per-vertex ?)+ bones (1, 2 or 3 attachments ?)
![Page 9: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Download on Demand
• java-based browsers• Shout3D, Blaxxun3D, CortonaJet, Hotmedia
• provide decoder with the model.
• “light-weight” important• it has to be downloaded also
• download less was motivation to compress
• proposed decoder: >> 5381 bytes <<
![Page 10: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Polygon Meshes
![Page 11: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Polygon Meshes
• Polygon Mesh = Indexed Face Set (IFS)
• minimally :
• p positions = float [ 3p ]
• f faces with c corners = int [ f + c ]
• optionally :
• t texCoords = float [ 2t ]
• f faces with c corners = int [ f + c ]
![Page 12: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Example: “a box”
IndexedFaceSet {coord Coordinate {
point [ -1.0 1.0 -1.0 , -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 , 1.0-1.0 -1.0 , 1.0 1.0 -1.0 , -1.0 -1.0 1.0 , 1.0 -1.0 1.0, -1.0 1.0 1.0, 1.0 1.0 1.0 ]}coordIndex [ 0 1 2 3 -1 3 2 5 7 -1 1 4 5 2 -1 6 0 3 7 -1 6 4 1 0 -1 6 7 5 4 -1 ]
}
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coord (Geometry)
4
00
11 22
33
5
5
66
77
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coordIndex (Connectivity)
0 3
1 2
4
7
5
6
face0 0 1 2 3
0
2
3
5
4 1face1 3 2 5 7face2 1 4 5 2face3 6 0 3 7face4 6 4 1 0face5 6 7 5 4
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Example: “a textured box”
IndexedFaceSet {. . . . . .texCoord Coordinate {
point [ 0.4 0.5 , 0.4 0.3 , 0.6 0.3 , 0.6 0.5, 0.8 0.3 , 0.8 0.5 , 0.4 0.1 , 0.6 0.1 , 0.2 0.5 , 0.2 0.3 , 0.4 0.7 , 0.6 0.7 , 0.4 0.9 , 0.6 0.9 ]}texCoordIndex [ 0 1 2 3 -1 3 2 4 5 -1 1 6 7 2-1 10 0 3 11 -1 8 9 1 0 -1 10 11 13 12 -1 ]
}
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0.0
v
u
1.0
1.00.0
1
1
1 1
2
2 2
23
3
3 3
4
45
5
6
6
7
78
8
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
11
13
13
12
12
0
0
0
0
texCoord (Property Values)
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texCoordIndex (Property Mapping)
face0 0 1 2 3
0
2
3
5
4 10
1
2
30
0
1 1 2
2
3 3
4
5
6 7
8
9
10 11
10 11
1312
face1 3 2 4 5face2 1 6 7 2face3 10 0 3 11face4 8 9 1 0face5 10 11 13 12
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Coding of Indices (1)
Position Indices
![Page 19: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Coding Position Indices
> don’t code indices “directly” <
• Assumption:“order of position doesn’t matter”
• Approach:“change order of positions”
- code connectivity graph- enumerate positions based on traversal order- re-order accordingly
> code indices “implicitly” <
![Page 20: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Connectivity Coders
for Triangle Meshes• Topological Surgery, Taubin et al., `97• Triangle Mesh Compression, Touma & Gotsman, `98• Cut-Border-Machine, Gumhold & Strasser, `98• Edgebreaker, Rossignac, `99
for Polygon Meshes• Face Fixer, Isenburg & Snoeyink, `00• Degree Duality Coder, Isenburg, `02• Near-Optimal Connectivity Encoding, Khodakovsky,
Alliez, Desbrun & Schröder, `02
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• region growing • encodes connectivity graph as a
sequence of labels:• one label . . . . per face• one label per hole• one label per handle• labels and fix it all together
• number of labels = number of edges• reverse decoding
Face Fixer
F4 F5
R
F3
L S E
Hn
M
![Page 22: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Face Fixer
![Page 23: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Encoding
5
9
2
0
22
25
29
78
31
43
67
98
11
8653
68
1427
77
72
91
6
![Page 24: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Encoding
F4
5
9
2
0
22
25
29
78
31
43
67
98
11
8653
68
1427
77
72
91
6
![Page 25: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Encoding
F4
F3
5
9
2
0
22
25
29
78
31
43
67
98
11
8653
68
1427
77
72
91
6
![Page 26: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Encoding
F4
F3
R
5
9
2
0
22
25
29
78
31
43
67
98
11
8653
68
1427
77
72
91
6
![Page 27: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Encoding
F4
F3F5
R
5
9
2
0
22
25
29
78
31
43
67
98
11
8653
68
1427
77
72
91
6
![Page 28: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Encoding
F4
F3F5
R
F5
5
9
2
0
22
25
29
78
31
43
67
98
11
8653
68
1427
77
72
91
6
![Page 29: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Encoding
F4
F3F5
R
F5
R
5
9
2
0
22
25
29
78
31
43
67
98
11
8653
68
1427
77
72
91
6
![Page 30: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Encoding
F4
F3F5
R
F5
R R
5
9
2
0
22
25
29
78
31
43
67
98
11
8653
68
1427
77
72
91
6
![Page 31: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Mapping Labels to ASCII
• Resulting label sequence:
F4 F3 F5R F5 R F4. . . R RF4 R . . .
R 0
L 1
S 2
E 3
M 4
F3 5
F4 6
F5 7. . .
. . .
H3 5 -1
6H4 -1
H5 7 -1
![Page 32: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Decoding
R61
4243
44
45
46
47
2627
26
25
24
23 11
12
13
14
![Page 33: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Decoding
R62
61
4243
44
45
46
47
2627
26
25
24
23 11
12
13
14
![Page 34: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Decoding
F5
63
62
61
4243
44
45
46
47
2627
26
25
24
23 11
12
13
14
![Page 35: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Decoding
F5
63
62
61
4243
44
45
46
47
2627
26
25
24
23 11
12
13
14
![Page 36: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Decoding
R 63
62
61
4243
44
45
46
47
2627
26
25
24
23 11
12
13
14
![Page 37: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Decoding
F3
6463
62
61
4243
44
45
46
47
2627
26
25
24
23 11
12
13
14
![Page 38: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Decoding
F464
63
62
61
4243
44
45
46
47
2627
26
25
24
23 11
12
13
14
![Page 39: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Decoding
6463
62
61
4243
44
45
46
47
2627
26
25
24
23 11
12
13
14
![Page 40: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Non-Manifold Meshes
cutcut
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Coding ofIndices (2)
TexCoord Indices
![Page 42: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Coding TexCoord Indices
> don’t code indices “directly” <
• Assumption:“order of texCoords doesn’t matter”
• Approach:“change order of texCoords”
- code “on top” of connectivity graph- enumerate texCoords based on traversal order - re-order accordingly
> code indices “implicitly” <
![Page 43: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Per-Corner Mappings
• “edge bits”, Gumhold & StrasserReal-time compression of triangle mesh connectivity, SIGGRAPH ‘98
• “discontinuity bits”, Taubin et al.Geometry coding and VRML, Proceedings of the IEEE ‘98
• “vertex and corner bits”, Isenburg & Snoeyink Face Fixer: Compressing Polygon Meshes with Properties, SIGGRAPH ‘00
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Vertex and Corner Bits (1)
1
12 1
2 3
12 3
4 12 3
45 1
2 34
6 5
![Page 45: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Vertex and Corner Bits (2)
211
21 3
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Vertex and Corner Bits (3)
crease vertex corner vertexsmooth vertex
smoothcorner
creasecorner
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Encoding
1
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Encoding
0
1
0
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Encoding
1
10 0
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Encoding
1
1
00 0
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Encoding
11
1
00 0
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Encoding
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Encoding
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Encoding
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Encoding
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Encoding
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Encoding
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Encoding
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Encoding
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Encoding
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Encoding
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Encoding
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Encoding
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00 0
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Encoding
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00 0
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Encoding
11
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00 0
0100 100
0111
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1 010
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Encoding
11
1
00 0
0100 100
0111
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1 010
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Quantizing & Coding of
Coordinates
![Page 69: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Quantize
• calculate bounding box• (minx, miny, minz) and (maxx, maxy maxz)
• calculate extends of bounding box• rangex = maxx – minx
• rangey = maxy – miny
• …
• quantize with longest extend getting n bits
![Page 70: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Delta Code
• coordinates are integer numbers• only write difference to last• resulting sequence has lower dispersion
there are much better schemes !!! why delta-coding ???
• simple, light-weight implementation• submission deadline was close
![Page 71: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Decoding Example
![Page 72: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
size of index arrays
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
label E Rlabel
01
![Page 73: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
0
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
Rlabel
1
2
Rlabel
![Page 74: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
3
2
01
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
Rlabel F4label
![Page 75: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
3
2
01
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
23
0
1
-11 03 2
-1
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
F4label Rlabel
![Page 76: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
4
3
2
01
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
23
0
1
-11 03 2
-1
Rlabel Rlabel
![Page 77: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
5
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
4
3
2
01
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
23
0
1
-11 03 2
-1
Rlabel F4label
![Page 78: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
5
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
4
3
2
01
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
23
0
1
-11 03 2
-1
F4label
6
8
7
5
Rlabel
4 35 0 -1
-1
![Page 79: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
4
3
2
01
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
23
0
1
-11 03 2
-1
6
8
7
5
Rlabel
4 35 0 -1
-1
Rlabel
6
5
![Page 80: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
7
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
4
3
2
01
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
23
0
1
-11 03 2
-1
6
8
7
5
4 35 0 -1
-1
Rlabel
6
5
label F5H5
![Page 81: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
3 8
label H5
hole
7
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
4
3
2
01
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
2
0
1
-11 03 2
-1
6
7
5
4 35 0 -1
-1
6
5
vertex bit indicating crease vertex
1 0
01
Rlabel
![Page 82: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
01
hole
7
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
4
3
2
01
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
2
0
1
-11 03 2
-1
6
7
5
4 35 0 -1
-1
6
5
1 0
Rlabel
4
label F3
![Page 83: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
01
hole
7
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
4
3
2
01
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
2
0
1
-11 03 2
-1
6
7
5
4 35 0 -1
-1
6
5
1 0
4
label F3
10
11
12
1 -14 7
-1
label F3
![Page 84: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
[ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • … ]
1 2 -14 3-1 51 03 2
code_words [ ] =
[ 438 3 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 -1 6 0 -1 4 5 5 0 …]
indices[ ] =
texindices[ ] =
hole
20
1
3
4
5
67
4
2
12
15
2
22
0
1 6
7
5
10
11
16
14
0
41 -14 70 -1
2 -1-12 1 2 -10 -1
01
label F3vertex bit indicating smooth vertex
1
![Page 85: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Results
![Page 86: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
“fish” sceneShape {
appearance Appearance {material Material {
modulateTextureWithDiffuse truediffuseColor 1 1 1
}texture ImageTexture {
url fish.jpg}
}geometry IndexedFaceSet {
coord Coordinate {point [ -0.0715 4.7609 6.3930 -0.0715 ... -0.4479 -4.5153 4.5304 ]
}coordIndex [ 7 6 209 204 -1 4 217 210 … 4577 -1 4577 4223 4222 -1 ]texCoord TextureCoordinate {
point [ 0.3735 0.9441 0.3289 0.9315 … 0.2666 0.4990 0.1082 ]}texCoordIndex [ 0 1 2 3 -1 4 5 6 7 -1 8 … 4311 -1 4311 4293 4683 -1 ]
}}
![Page 87: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
“fish” sceneShape {
appearance Appearance {material Material {
modulateTextureWithDiffuse truediffuseColor 1 1 1
}texture ImageTexture {
url fish.jpg}
}geometry IndexedFaceSet {
coord Coordinate {point [ -0.0715 4.7609 6.3930 -0.0715 ... -0.4479 -4.5153 4.5304 ]
}coordIndex [ 7 6 209 204 -1 4 217 210 … 4577 -1 4577 4223 4222 -1 ]texCoord TextureCoordinate {
point [ 0.3735 0.9441 0.3289 0.9315 … 0.2666 0.4990 0.1082 ]}texCoordIndex [ 0 1 2 3 -1 4 5 6 7 -1 8 … 4311 -1 4311 4293 4683 -1 ]
}}
CodedIndexedFaceSet
code [ 24045 3 0 3 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 … 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 6 0 0 0 0 2 ]
![Page 88: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
lossless-coded “fish” sceneShape {
appearance Appearance {material Material {
modulateTextureWithDiffuse truediffuseColor 1 1 1
}texture ImageTexture {
url fish.jpg}
}geometry CodedIndexedFaceSet {
coord Coordinate {point [ -0.1195 -2.0148 ... -4.5153 4.5304 -0.4689 -4.4092 4.4136 ]
}texCoord TextureCoordinate {
point [ 0.0150 0.5031 … 0.2549 0.3889 0.2581 0.3825 0.2520 ]}code [ 24045 3 0 3 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 … 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 6 0 0 0 0 2 ]
}}
pos 4.884e-3tex 3.8234e-3
![Page 89: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
lossy-coded “fish” sceneShape {
appearance Appearance {material Material {
modulateTextureWithDiffuse truediffuseColor 1 1 1
}texture ImageTexture {
url fish.jpg}
}geometry CodedIndexedFaceSet {
coord Coordinate {point [ -2 -4 -1 -3 -3 0 -4 -47 ... 37 4 -21 24 -0.4689 -4.4092 4.4136 ]
}texCoord TextureCoordinate {
point [ 0 0 0 0 0 -4 0 1 … -1 -1 0 0 0 -1 5 3 -4 0 2 2 0.3825 0.2520 ]}code [ 24045 3 0 3 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 … 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 6 0 0 0 0 2 ]
pos 4.884e-3tex 3.8234e-3
}}
![Page 90: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
lion 441.6 201.646 % 66.215 %wolf 183.1 84.546 % 29.416 %
raptor 199.8 100.750 % 34.917 %fish 122.9 55.445 % 22.819 %
snake 312.3 138.144 % 34.811 %horse 266.4 124.347 % 40.915 %
cat 267.3 128.448 % 39.915 %dog 186.2 87.347 % 34.619 %
Results: Dense Scenes
model plain coded quantized
![Page 91: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
--- 29895IFS 1836461 %
Results: Sparse Scene
33 indexed face sets
5 position interpolators
27 orientation interpolators
file size of “swing.wrl.gz” in bytes
31 %
66 %
IFS, OI, PI 1299643 %
20564899344 %
Only Indexed Face Sets
![Page 92: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Demos
![Page 93: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Demos
• Shout3D ASCII coder : > local web <
• Various Scenes• Swing (static) > local web <
• Swing (animated) > local web <
• Fish > local web <
• Lion > local web <
• Snake > local web <
http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/asciicoder/
![Page 94: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Conclusion
• geometry coding for ASCII formats• compressed, but not binary
• authors not forced to change habits
• VRML / X3D geometry compression• long wanted feature (`96)
• VRML-CBF proposal refused (`98)
• BF call for proposals unanswered (`00)
• Conformance: ASCII BINARY
![Page 95: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Current Work
• “Arithmetic ASCII” (nearly) as compact as a compressed
binary format straight-forward mapping to binary no compromise on binary compression
rates same decoding algorithm for binary and
ASCII version of a node good for rapid prototyping / proof-of-concept
![Page 96: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Acknowledgements
• Paul Isaacs for telling me
“… no, we don’t have geometrycompression because the Shout3D API does not support binary input …”
• Curious Labs & Shout3D for the models
• ARC TéléGeo of INRIA Sophia-Antipolis for partial funding
![Page 97: Coding with ASCII: compact, yet text-based 3D content Martin Isenburg Jack Snoeyink University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103022/56649d6d5503460f94a4da4f/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Thank You.
http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/asciicoder/