Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

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Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin John Miki Project Manager Daniel Parolek Project Principal Code Update Interview March 7, 2013 05.27.08 Building Placement Build-to Line (Distance from Right of Way) Bayfront Boulevard 0' A Civic Space1/ Secondary Street 0' B Bayfront Promenade1 10' min.; 20' max.2 C Side 0' D BTL Defined by a Building Bayfront Boulevard 100% min. Secondary Street / Civic Space1 80% min.3 Bayfront Promenade1 80% min. 1The Bayfront Promenade is treated as its own frontage distinct from the Civic Space frontage within this zone. 2The BTL for the first building to receive planning department approval becomes the set BTL (must be within this range) for this zone. All subsequent buildings must match the first building's BTL. 360% min. on Block J Setback (Distance from Property Line or ROW) Rear 0' min. Lot Size Width 100' min. E Depth F North of Bayfront Blvd. 100' min. South of Bayfront Blvd. 50' min. Building Form Height Building 2 Stories min.; 4 Stories max. H Ground Floor Finish Level 6" max. I Ground Floor Ceiling 14' min. clear J Upper Floor(s) Ceiling 8' min. clear K Footprint Depth, Ground-floor Commercial Space Bayfront Boulevard 50' min. Bayfront Promenade 30' min. Secondary Street 30' min. Miscellaneous Distance between Entries To Ground Floor 50' max. All upper floors must have a primary entrance along Bayfront Blvd. Service entries may not be located on Bayfront Boulevard. Building Placement (Continued) Miscellaneous Buildings must be built to BTL along each facade within 30' of a corner. G See the Streets and Circulation Regulation Plan on page 4-3 for the determination of Primary and Secondary Streets. T5-MS: Bayfront Boulevard Main Street Standards Cont'd. 1-12 HWDMP Sub-District Amendments Opticos Design, Inc. Chapter 1: Building Form Standards Sidewalk Bayfront Boulevard Bayfront Promenade / Rear Secondary Street Civic Space BTL, ROW Line BTL, ROW Line BTL, ROW Line A C E F D B B I ROW Line Street K K K J H G G G G G G G G ROW / Property Line Build-to Line (BTL) Setback Line Building Area Key A Guide for Planners, Urban Designers, Municipalities, and Developers Form-Based Codes Daniel G. Parolek, AIA Karen Parolek Paul C. Crawford, FAICP Forewords by Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Stefanos Polyzoides

Transcript of Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

Page 1: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

Coding for a Compact and Connected AustinJohn Miki

Project Manager

Daniel Parolek

Project Principal

Code Update Interview

March 7, 2013

1

Austin, Texas

Solicitation Number: CLMP122 Comprehensive Land Development Code Revision

Opticos Design, Inc. with: Fregonese Associates | Peter J. Park | McCann Adams | Cultural Strategies

Group Solutions | Lisa Wise Consulting | RCLCO | ECONorthwest Taniguchi Architects | Kimley Horn | McGuireWoods | Urban Design Group

December 14, 2012

05.27.08

Building Placement

Build-to Line (Distance from Right of Way)Bayfront Boulevard 0' A

Civic Space1 / Secondary Street 0' B

Bayfront Promenade1 10' min.; 20' max.2 C

Side 0' D

BTL Defined by a BuildingBayfront Boulevard 100% min.Secondary Street / Civic Space1 80% min.3

Bayfront Promenade1 80% min.1 The Bayfront Promenade is treated as its own frontage distinct from the Civic Space frontage within this zone.2 The BTL for the first building to receive planning department approval becomes the set BTL (must be within this range) for this zone. All subsequent buildings must match the first building's BTL.3 60% min. on Block J

Setback (Distance from Property Line or ROW)Rear 0' min.

Lot SizeWidth 100' min. E

Depth F

North of Bayfront Blvd. 100' min.South of Bayfront Blvd. 50' min.

Building Form

HeightBuilding 2 Stories min.;

4 Stories max.H

Ground Floor Finish Level 6" max. I

Ground Floor Ceiling 14' min. clear J

Upper Floor(s) Ceiling 8' min. clear K

FootprintDepth, Ground-floor Commercial Space

Bayfront Boulevard 50' min.Bayfront Promenade 30' min.Secondary Street 30' min.

Miscellaneous Distance between Entries

To Ground Floor 50' max.All upper floors must have a primary entrance along Bayfront Blvd.Service entries may not be located on Bayfront Boulevard.

Building Placement (Continued)

MiscellaneousBuildings must be built to BTL along each facade within 30' of a corner.

G

See the Streets and Circulation Regulation Plan on page 4-3 for the determination of Primary and Secondary Streets.

T5-MS: Bayfront Boulevard Main Street Standards

Cont'd.

1-12 HWDMP Sub-District AmendmentsOpticos Design, Inc.

Chapter 1: Building Form Standards

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A Guide for Planners, Urban Designers,Municipalities, and Developers

Form-Based Codes

Daniel G. Parolek, AIA Karen Parolek Paul C. Crawford, FAICPForewords by Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Stefanos Polyzoides

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0 200' 400'

1 Acre¼ Acre

Regulating PlanFlagstaff, Arizona

October 9, 2009

© C o p y r i g h t 2 0 0 8

Opticos Des ign, Inc.

1285 G i lman Stree t

Berkeley, CA 94706

510 - 558 - 6957

0 200' 400'

Opticos Des ign, Inc.

2100 Milvia St, Ste 125

Berkeley, CA 94704

p: 5 1 0 . 5 5 8 . 6 9 5 7

f: 5 1 0 . 8 9 8 . 0 8 0 1

w: opticosdesign.com

Page 2: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

1A multi-disciplinary team that achieves great results

Who We Are

2

Page 3: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

Opticos Design, Inc. 3a-1

If we are honored to be selected, Opticos Design, Inc. will lead the project. Opticos first gained national recognition for their place-based approach to zoning, now called Form-Based Coding. Opticos’ Principals Karen Parolek and Daniel Parolek co-authored the first comprehensive book on the topic called, “Form-Based Codes: A Guide for Planners, Urban Designers, Municipalities, and Developers,” which was one of Planetizen’s top 10 planning books of 2008; they helped found the Form-Based Codes Institute, a zoning think tank that teaches introductory to advanced coding courses across the country. Over the past nine years, Opticos has been expanding this innovative approach to include community character-based hybrid approaches to citywide code writing and the integration of sustainability components. This work started with one of the country’s first hybrid codes, for Grass Valley, California in 2005 and more recently was used for Livermore and Kingsburg, California, Flagstaff and Mesa, Arizona, Cincinnati, Ohio, and the multi-jurisdictional code for three municipalities in Beaufort County, South Carolina. All of these projects included hard to use, out-of-date zoning codes as a

starting point, unique aspects of community character that were important to reinforce and protect, and the challenge of building support for, and the understanding of, the benefits of a major zoning and mapping change.

We have composed a team that combines national expertise with the necessary innovation and experience to create an effective, place-specific code and process, as well as local team members that will ground the process with their in-depth knowledge of the place, the people, the culture, and the politics of Austin. Fregonese Associates (FA) is on board to take both the code diagnosis and code regulations to a new level of testing using their Envision Tomorrow software. Peter Park is part of the team to utilize his in-depth knowledge as Planning Director of Milwaukee and most recently Denver where he completed a successful citywide zoning code update process. The local team will be coordinated by McCann Adams Studio (MAS), which has extensive planning and urban design experience, and will also include Cultural Strategies and Group Solutions to provide a well branded, clearly communicated and effective civic engagement strategy. This team is the perfect

TEAM’S STRUCTURECity of Austin

Household

Affordability

ECONorthwest Abe Farkas

Traffic &

Transportation Engineering

Kimley-Horn & Associates Kurt Schulte

Land

Development & Planning

Fregonese Associates

John Fregonese

RCLCO Todd La Rue

Architecture

& Visualization Services

Opticos Design Daniel Parolek

Taniguchi Architects

Alan Taniguchi

Urban Design & Landscape Architecture

Opticos Design Daniel Parolek

McCann Adams Jana McCann

Urban Planning

Opticos Design Daniel Parolek

Lisa Wise Consulting Lisa Wise

Peter Park Consulting Peter Park

McGuireWoods Dan Slone

Civil &

Environmental Engineering

Urban Design Group

Laura Toups

Project Lead

Opticos Design

Daniel Parolek, Principal Project Principal

Stefan Pellegrini, Principal Project Professional

John Miki, Associate Project Manager

Public Information

Services & Community Engagement

Cultural Strategies Armando Rayo

Group Solutions Robena Jackson

Code Outreach

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

TEAM’S STRUCTURE

3

Page 4: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. | 4

Opticos Design

1. Clients come to us for innovation

2. Winner of national design and coding

awards: CNU Charter Awards, Making

Cities Livable, Octavia Boulevard

Housing Competition

3. National thought leaders in Form-Based

Coding and Citywide Hybrid Codes

4. Winner of 2 Driehuas Form-Based

Code Awards

5. Recent Coding Efforts:

1. Cincinnati Citywide FBC

2. Beaufort County Hybrid Code

3. Flagstaff, AZ Hybrid Code

Form-Based Codes

A Guide for Planners, Urban Designers, Municipalities, and Developers

Daniel G. Parolek, AIA • Karen Parolek • Paul C. Crawford, FAICPForewords by Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Stefanos Polyzoides

Page 5: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

2 Compact and Connected Neighborhoods with Diverse Housing

3Understanding and Building Upon the DNA of Austin Neighborhoods

5

Page 6: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. | 6Beaufort County Multi-Jurisdictional Form-Based Code© 2010 Opticos Design, Inc.

July 19th, 2010

Walkable Urbanism Place Types

Up LandsLow Lands

Rura

lU

rban

Rural Crossroads

Hamlet

Village

City

Town

Different Neighborhoods Require Different Solutions

Beaufort County, South Carolina Multi-Jurisdictional Code: Place Types

Page 7: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

Creating a Form and Community Character Framework

7

Understanding (Months 1 to 8)

Listening & EducationDesign Listening Sessions

Coding 101 & Best Practices

Code Diagnosis

Project Kick-Off

Community Character & Scenario Baselines

Page 8: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. | 8

Thriving Re-Urbanization as a Goal for 42 NeighborhoodsGeographic Principles | 91

Walnut Hills

Oakley

Corryville

Roselawn

Hartwell

Northside

Carthage

Clifton

East Price Hill

Clifton Heights

College Hill

OTR Main Street

Madisonville

West EndOTR Vine Street

Mt. Washington

East Walnut Hills

West Price Hill (B)

Hyde Park

Westwood (A)North Avondale

Mt. Airy

Pleasant Ridge

Evanston (B)

West Price Hill (A) Columbia Tusculum

Kennedy Heights

O'Bryonville

Hyde Park East

Mt. Lookout

Avondale (A)Avondale (B)

Bond Hill

Evanston (A)Camp Washington

Lower Price Hill

Mt. Adams

Westwood (B)

Downtown

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µ0 0.5 1 1.5 20.25

Miles

Legend

Neighborhood Centers

Evolve

Maintain

Transform

Compact Walkable Half Mile

Cincinnati Municipal Boundary

River

St. Bernard

ElmwoodPlace

Norwood

Anderson Twp

Springfield Twp

NeighborhoodCenter

Degree of Change

Sayler Park

RIVER

HILLSID

E

OTR Main StreetOTR Vine Street

Downtown

I-71

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HW

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MP

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7TH

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Plan Cincinnati Growth Framework Map and Form-Based Code Priority Areas

Page 9: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

C . 4

Building a Solid Foundation

Documenting the DNA of Cincinnati

C i t yw ide Fo rm-Ba sed Code Cha r r e t t e : S umma r y Repo r t | C i n c i nna t i , OHOp t i co s De s i gn , I n c . © 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

Extracting the DNA to Inform the Code

9

Page 10: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

Basing Zones on Form not Uses: Protecting the Character

10

T5 Flex (T5F)

Small Footprint Urban Neighborhood Zone

Cincinnati Form-Based Code

Page 11: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

CHAPTER 4 SHAPING AUSTIN: BUILDING THE COMPLETE COMMUNITY | 103

Map Disclaimers: A comprehensive plan shall not constitute zoning regulations or establish zoning district boundaries. This product is for informational purposes and may not have been prepared for or be suitable for legal, engineering, or surveying purposes. It does

been produced by the Planning and Development Review Department for the sole purpose of geographic reference. No warranty is

Figure 4.5 Growth Concept Map

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. | 11

Centers and Activity Corridors as Priority

Page 12: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2012 Opticos Design, Inc. |

Incentivizing Missing Middle Housing: Key to Code Success

12

Missing Middle Housing: Responding to the Demand for Walkable Urban Living

By Daniel ParolekThe mismatch between current US housing stock and shifting demographics, combined with the growing demand for walkalble urban living, has been poignantly defined by recent research and publications by the likes of Christopher Nelson and Chris Leinberger and most recently by the Urban Land Institute’s publication, What’s Next: Real Estate in the New Economy. Now it is time to stop talking about the problem and start generating immediate solutions! Are you ready to be part of the solution?

Unfortunately, the solution is not as simple as adding more multi-family housing stock using the dated models/types of housing that we have been building. Rather, we need a complete paradigm shift in the way that we design, locate, regulate, and develop homes. As What’s Next states, “it’s a time to rethink and evolve, reinvent and renew.” Missing Middle housing types, such as duplexes, fourplexes, bungalow courts, mansion apartments, and live-work units, are a critical part of the solution and should be a part of every architect’s, planner’s, real estate agent’s, and developer’s arsenal.

Diagram of missing middle housing types illustrating the range of types and their location between single-family homes and mid-rise buildings

Well-designed, simple Missing Middle housing types achieve medium-density yields and provide high-quality, marketable options between the scales of single-family homes and mid-rise flats for walkable urban living. They are designed to meet the specific needs of shifting demographics and the new market demand and are a key component to a diverse neighborhood. They are classified as “missing” because very few of these housing types have been built since the early 1940’s due to regulatory constraints, the shift to auto-dependent patterns of development, and the incentivization of single-family home ownership.

The following are defining characteristics of Missing Middle housing:

A walkable context

Probably the most important characteristic of these types of housing is that they need to be built within an existing or newly created walkable urban context. Buyers or renters of these housing types are choosing to trade larger suburban housing for less space, no yard to maintain, and proximity to services and amenities such as restaurants, bars, markets, and often work. Linda Pruitt of the Cottage Company, who is building creative bungalow courts in the Seattle area, says the first thing her potential customers ask is, “What can I walk to?” So this criteria becomes very important in her selection of lots and project areas, as is it for all Missing Middle housing.

Medium density but lower perceived densities. As a starting point, these building types typically range in density from 16 dwelling units/acre (du/acre) to up to 35 du/acre, depending on the building type and lot size. It is important not to get too caught up in the density numbers when thinking about these types. Due to the small footprint of the building types and the fact that they are usually mixed with a variety of building types, even on an individual block, the perceived density is usually quite lower–they do not look like dense buildings.

A combination of these types gets a neighborhood to a minimum average of 16 du/acre. This is important because this is generally used as a threshold at which an environment becomes transit-supportive and main streets with neighborhood-serving, walkable retail and services become viable.

Small footprint and blended densities: As mentioned above, a common characteristic of these housing types are small- to medium-sized building footprints. The largest of these types, the mansion apartment or side-by-side duplex, may have a typical main body width of about 40-50ft, which is very comparable to a large estate home. This makes them ideal for urban infill, even in older neighborhoods that were originally developed as single-family but have been designated to evolve with slightly higher intensities. As a good example, a courtyard housing

Page 13: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

Responding to the Demand for Multi-Generational Housing

Main Unit

Street Fronting Porch

Unit 2

Unit 3(Above Garage)

Garage

Shared Courtyard

Flex Space: Parking/

Courtyard

Multi-Generational HouseOpticos Design, Inc.

© Opticos Design, Inc. 2012

Page 14: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

3 Preserving Neighborhood Character

3

Knowing the “Stories” and Completing Them

14

Page 15: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

Understanding Existing Character & Stories Behind Code

15Livermore, CA Development Code Update: Driehaus Form-Based Code Winner

Page 16: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

Illustrating What is Allowed by the Current Code

16Livermore, CA Development Code Update: Driehaus Form-Based Code Winner

Page 17: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

Writing a Code to Ensure a Happier Ending to the Story

17Livermore, CA Development Code Update: Driehaus Form-Based Code Winner

Page 18: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. | 18

Creating an Effective Tool for Regulating Corridors

Page 19: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

Transitions into Neighborhoods from Corridors

19

Page 20: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Max.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Max.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

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1

2

3

4

Max.

1

2

3

4

Max.

1

2

3

4

Max.

1

2

3

4

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6

7

8

9

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2

3

4

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6

7

8

9

10

Max.

1

2

3

4

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6

7

8

9

10

Max.

1

2

3

4

Max.

1

2

3

4

Max.

1

2

3

4

Max.

ROW / Property Line Building ROW / Property Line BuildingKey Key

C. High-Rise/Mid-Rise Buildings in T5MSF/T5N

Front/Side Street Setback

Floors 6+ 10' min.

Side Setback

Abutting T6/T5/T4

Floors 1-5 0' min.

Floors 6-8 10' min.

Floors 9+ 30' min.

Abutting T3

Floors 1-5 10' min.

Floors 6-8 20' min.

Floors 9+ 30' min.

Rear Setback

Abutting T6/T5/T4

Floors 1-5 10' min.

Floors 6-8 20' min.

Floors 9+ 30' min.

Abutting T3

Floors 1-2 10' min.

Floors 3-5 20' min.

Floors 6+ 30' min.

N

O

P

Q

O

P

Q

O

P

Q

R

S

T

D. Mid-Rise Buildings in T4MS

Front/Side Street Setback

Floors 4+ 10' min.

Side Setback

Floors 1-3 0' min.

Floors 4+ 10' min.

Rear Setback

Abutting T6/T5/T4

Floors 1-3 10' min.

Floors 4+ 20' min.

Abutting T3

Floors 1-2 10' min.

Floor 3 20' min.

Floors 4+ 30' min.

U

V

W

V

W

X

Y

Z

Fron

t/Si

de S

tree

t

Fron

t/Si

de S

tree

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r

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/Rea

r

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r

N

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Q

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Z

Y

W

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59-31

Chapter 59: Building Type StandardsFinal Draft: April 2012

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

Transitions into Neighborhoods from Corridors

20

Page 21: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

Multi-Day Workshops to Vet Concepts and Scenarios

21

Summary of Major Meetings and Outreach Opportunities

Presentation for Approval of Annotated Outline and Cartoon of Code to CC (June 2014)

Committee

Branding & Webpage Goes Live

Multi-Day Public WorkshopCommittee

Multi-Day Public Workshop

Page 22: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

4 Environmental Protection

3

Context-Based Sustainability

22

Page 23: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

South 23rd Street

Incorporating sustainability in ancillary unit design2012 APA National Conference-Los Angeles, CA © 2012 Opticos Design, Inc. |

T3: Sustainability Overlay to Inform Form-Based Code

16

Flow through treatment planter

Lot Treament Rain Garden

No External Hose BibsNo Irrigation Except by Rain Barrel or Reused Water

Urban Farming

Compost Bins

Strategic Shading

Passive Heating fromSouth-Facing Glazing-CrossVentilation Cools as Needed

In!ltration Where Sub-Surfaces Allow It

Shield Winter Winds from the Northwest in Outdoor spaces

Greenway as aStormwater CaputreConveyance & Treatment Feature

Solar LightingAlong Greenway

Utilize Summer Winds from the Southeast toPassively Cool Buildings

Tuesday, April 24, 2012Richmond Livable Corridors 71

Sustainability and Urban Agriculture in Different Contexts

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. | 23

D

E

A

C

G

J

K

I

C

D

A E

G

I

D

E

A

C

G

J

K

I

Page 24: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

5 Household Affordability

3

Preserving Diverse Neighborhoods

24

Page 25: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

1. Make entitlement process quicker and

more predictable

2. Encourage “affordable by design”

housing/lot types

3. Remove barriers for compatible infill

4. Incentivize small buildings for

compatibility and feasibility

5. Incentivize small units to enable

residents to build equity

6. Rethink open space requirements in

walkable urban areas

7. Reduce on site parking requirements 

8. Do not require guest parking

9. Encourage detaching parking cost from

units 25

Ways to Integrate Affordable Housing into a Code

Update image

Refine list

Page 26: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

Only $23,000 Household Income Needed to Qualify

20 dwelling units/acre

Richmond Livable Corridors: Richmond, CA

Page 27: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. | 27

Utilizing Envision Tomorrow to Assess Affordability

Page 28: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

6 Creating a Clear, User Friendly Code

3

Usability as a Primary Focus

28

Page 29: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

Chapter 10-10

Chapter 10-20

Chapter 10-30

Chapter 10-40

Chapter 10-50

Chapter 10-60

Chapter 10-70

Chapter 10-80

Chapter 10-90

Appendices

the architectural vernacular ,md DNA that FlagstafPs residents and visitors value. The macro-scale analysis also became a valuable tool to discuss the future fi'amework of the city within the regional phuUling process that was also in progTess.

Once the focus area was established, a detailed micro-scale analysis was completed by city staff and vohmteers. The aim was to gain a more fine-grained tmderstanding of the selected area ,md to calibrate the mban-to-rural U'ansect for F lagstaff.

T his review and analysis led to the de-telll1ination dlat the new code would be a hybrid one using dle sU'ucture of a form-based code as dle framework while seam-lessly incorporating conventional Euclidean zarung tools. One of dle challenges was to determine if the supplemental regulations, which apply to dle conventional zoning ar-eas, would also need to apply to d1e form-based code areas.

A d10rough assessment of dle supple-mental st,mdards such as parking, lighting, landscaping, and specific uses was completed to ensme dlat d1at d1ey would not compro-ITllse the form-based code. It was fmmd d1at

28 I Planning February 2012

ANALYZING THE TABLE OF CONTENTS Preamble

Title, Pu rpose, and Ju risdiction

Includes an explanation of Flagstaff's different types of places, an introduction to the urban-to-rural transect, and an overview of what a FBC is, and how to use the code.

Establishes the purpose of the code and its authority under state law.

Administration, Procedures, and Enforcement Includes all proced ures for the application of the code.

General to All General requirements that might apply to all zones citywide, including heritage preservation, affordable housing, and site planning design standards.

Specific to Zones Includes overl ay, non-transect, and transect zones, and the standards and uses specific to each zone.

Supplemental to Zones Specific su pplementary regulations, including building types, frontage types, landscaping, sign, resou rce protection, outdoor light ing, and parking standards.

Specific to Thoroughfares Establishes standards for thoroughfare design applicable only in the transect zones.

Specifi c to Civic Spaces Establishes standards for the design of civic spaces applicable in transect and non-transect zones.

Definitions and Terms and Uses

Maps

many of these standards are effective in sub-urban areas but are less applicable in existing or intended urban areas where form-based codes would apply.

USING A NEW CODE FRAMEWORK Considerable thought went into creating a new table of contents for a hybrid code d1at carefully wove together dle two systems of zoning germane to Flagstaff. To achieve dus goal, the table of contents uses a form-based code fi'amework with certain components (as defined by dle Form-Based Codes 11-stitute) defining d1e primaty sections of d1e document. Tlus orgaIuzation is what makes d1e F lagstaff hybrid code so different. Un-Like other hybrid approaches in wluch d1e FBC is all exception widun an otherwise conventional zorling code fi'amework, the Flagstaff code defaul ts to waLkable urbanism and makes drivable suburban development the exception. It is also sU'uctured fi'OI11 d1e broad to dle specific, as explained in the table above.

Because of d1e hybrid form of d1e code, Chapter 10-50, Supplemental to Zones, took special attention. Each of the regulations in

The terms defined in the code, illustrated as needed.

Includes all maps referenced in the code.

Not adopted into the code, the appendices provide useful supplementary information.

dus section were carefully studied and it was detemuned whether they would apply just to d1e U'ansect zone aI'eas, just d1e non-U'ansect zone areas, or both to ensure d1ese standards did not compronuse dle FBC intent.

The m·ban-to-ll.lral u'ansect was d1e or-ganizing principle chosen for the FEC, wid1 T6 being d1e highest zone that appLies to d1e downtown core. Due to d1e complexi ties of applying d1e u'ansect zones to bod1 exist-ing developed areas and greenfield devel-opment, d1e T3 and T4 u'ansect zones are broken down into T3N.l, T3N.2, T4N.l, andT4N.2.

The T3N.l and T4N.l desigmtions ap-ply primarily to existing areas, d1e T3N.2 and T4N.2 to new neighborhoods. In ad-dition, an "open" classification was added to some U'ansect zones, for example T4N.2-0, to define dle areas where d1e same physi-cal form was intended in a T4N.2 zone, but where a more open or fl exible range of uses are allowed.

This definition is appropriate in areas where mLxeduse main sU'eets u'ansition into neighborhoods. m this application, primar-ily because of Arizona's Proposition 207

• •

How one city overhauled its zoning code while combining form-based and conventional elements.

By Roger E. Eastman, AICP, with Daniel Parolek and Lisa Wise

LAGSTAFF, ARIZONA, entered an exclusive club in

November. It is now one of the few cities in the U.S.

that have adopted a hybrid zoning ordinance with

both fom1-based components and conventional Eu-

clidean elements as part of a complete code rewrite.

"Simplified, streamlined, predictable" raved an edito-

rial in the Arizona Daily Sun while praising both the

code and the process used to adopt it. Getting the

new code adopted wasn't easy, but many city residents

think the effort will be repaid in a more efficient, more equitable, and

easier-to-use zoning system. The adoption of the new zoning code

also caps off a successful public engagement process that has changed

the generally negative perception of city plaImers.

TIME FOR AN UPDATE An im.portant first step in approaching a new code W,1S differentiating between what Clu'istopher Leinberger caBs "walkable ur-ban" areas from "drivable suburb,m" areas (Tbe Option ofUrbrl7Zism, Island Press, 2008). By making this distinction, Flagstaff could apply a form-based code in the walkable areas of the city wIllie genera By leaving the existing conventional code in place in the drivable suburban areas.

Thus, a new u'ansect-based hybrid code resulted that defaults to promoting and al-lowing for walkable urbanism wIllie seam-lessly incorporating refined yet otherwise conventional Euclidean zoning tools for the drivable suburban areas. Because the regula-tions for the two different types of areas are not muddled together, the form-based code could be kept intact-and development op-poruU1ities could emerge in a manner con-sistent with the city's general plan.

Flagstaff (pop. 62,000), at an elevation of about 7,000 feet, is the regional hub of northern Arizona. Established as a stop on the early u'anscontinental railway in 1882 and later Route 66 and Interstate 40, Flag-staff quickly grew as a logging and ranching town, and as a gateway for tourists visiting the Grand Canyon and other national parks and monuments. Residents appreciate the natural beauty of the area and enjoy outdoor pursuits such as hiking, skiing, hunting, fish-ing, and camping.

T he downtown and oldest neighbor-hoods were plmmed with sm,111 blocks and lots, and today are valued for their historic buildings and inherently walkable urban character. Typical of many American cities, Flagstaffs urban form changed after vVorld vVar IT as auto-oriented suburban develop-ments were' added to tile periphelY of tile city. Until recently Flagstaffs zoning ordi-nances have actively promoted tllese drive-able suburbml development patterns.

The need for a comprehensive update of tile city's land development code had been apparent for some time as developers, con-u'actors, desigll professionals, and residents complained about tile code's complexity and inconsistency. Some even blamed tile CLllll-

bersome namre of tile code for conu'ibuting to the high cost of development and tile fail -ure of big projects and economic develop-ment opporuU1ities.

American Planning Association 25

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. | 29

Usability Starts with a Well-Thought-Out TOC

Page 30: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

Instructions TitleCode

Quick Code Guide: Building-Scale Projects

1

2

Step

1703-1-3City of Cincinnati Form-Based Code Public Review Draft: 9/21/12

1703-1.40 Overview and Guide to the Cincinnati Form-Based Code

Find the transect zone for your parcel

Maps

Comply with the standards speci!c to your zone

1703-2Speci!c to Transect Zones

3Choose and comply with the standards speci!c to your building type

1703-3Speci!c to Building Types

4Choose and comply with the standards speci!c to your frontage type

1703-4Speci!c to Frontage Types

5Comply with the standards general to all transect zones

1703-5Supplemental to Transect Zones

6Follow the procedures and comply with the requirements for permit application

1703-9Administration and Procedures

7

If you want to subdivide your property, follow the procedures and comply with the requirements in Subdivision

Subdivision and Land Development

© 2012 Opticos Design, Inc. | 30

Usability and Graphic Clarity Throughout the Code

NBEAVER

ST

NLEROUX

ST

NSAN

FRANCISCO

ST

W BIRCH AVE

W ASPEN AVE

W CHERRY AVE

NHUMPHREYS

ST

SBEAVER

ST

E CHERRY AVE

NKENDRICK

ST

NAGASSI Z

ST

E BIRCH AVE

W SANTA FE AVE

W PHOENIX AVE

W DALE AVE

E ASPEN AVE

E DALE AVE

SMIKES

PIKE

E COTTAGE AVE

E PHOENIX AVE

W COTTAGE AVE

Page 31: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

© 2013 Opticos Design, Inc. |

10-40.40.080

10-74 Flagstaff Zoning Code

T4 Neighborhood 2 (T4N.2) Standards

D. Building Placement

Setback (Distance from ROW/Property Line)

Front1 5' min.; 12' max.

Front facade within area 50% min.

Side Street/Civic Space 10' min.; 15' max.

Side2 3' min.

Rear 3' min.

Front 20' min.

Side 0' min.; 3' max.

Rear 3' min.1 Setback may match an existing adjacent building as

follows. The building may be set to align with the facade

of the frontmost immediately adjacent property, for a

width no greater than that of the adjacent property's

facade that encroaches into the minimum setback.2No side setback required between townhouse and/or

live/work building types.

Miscellaneous

street or courtyard façade.

individual entries.

A

B

C

D

E. Building Form3

Height

Stories 4 Stories max.

40' max.

52' max.

2 Stories max.

18' max.

28' max.

Ground Floor Finish Level 18" min. above

sidewalk

Ground Floor Ceiling 9' min. clear

Upper Floor(s) Ceiling 8' min. clear3 See Division

additional building form regulations.

Footprint

space along primary street

frontage

30' min.

Lot Coverage 80% max.

Miscellaneous

E

F

G

H

Street

Building Setback Line

Building Area

Facade Area

Key

Street

D

Side

Str

eet

H

GAmin.

Amax.

Bmin.

Bmax.

C

F

E

Our Codes Have Become the Benchmark for Usability

31

10-40.40.080

10-74 Flagstaff Zoning Code

T4 Neighborhood 2 (T4N.2) Standards

D. Building Placement

Setback (Distance from ROW/Property Line)

Front1 5' min.; 12' max.

Front facade within area 50% min.

Side Street/Civic Space 10' min.; 15' max.

Side2 3' min.

Rear 3' min.

Front 20' min.

Side 0' min.; 3' max.

Rear 3' min.1 Setback may match an existing adjacent building as

follows. The building may be set to align with the facade

of the frontmost immediately adjacent property, for a

width no greater than that of the adjacent property's

facade that encroaches into the minimum setback.2No side setback required between townhouse and/or

live/work building types.

Miscellaneous

street or courtyard façade.

individual entries.

A

B

C

D

E. Building Form3

Height

Stories 4 Stories max.

40' max.

52' max.

2 Stories max.

18' max.

28' max.

Ground Floor Finish Level 18" min. above

sidewalk

Ground Floor Ceiling 9' min. clear

Upper Floor(s) Ceiling 8' min. clear3 See Division

additional building form regulations.

Footprint

space along primary street

frontage

30' min.

Lot Coverage 80% max.

Miscellaneous

E

F

G

H

Street

Building Setback Line

Building Area

Facade Area

Key

Street

D

Side

Str

eet

H

GAmin.

Amax.

Bmin.

Bmax.

C

F

E

10-40.40.080

10-74 Flagstaff Zoning Code

T4 Neighborhood 2 (T4N.2) Standards

D. Building Placement

Setback (Distance from ROW/Property Line)

Front1 5' min.; 12' max.

Front facade within area 50% min.

Side Street/Civic Space 10' min.; 15' max.

Side2 3' min.

Rear 3' min.

Front 20' min.

Side 0' min.; 3' max.

Rear 3' min.1 Setback may match an existing adjacent building as

follows. The building may be set to align with the facade

of the frontmost immediately adjacent property, for a

width no greater than that of the adjacent property's

facade that encroaches into the minimum setback.2No side setback required between townhouse and/or

live/work building types.

Miscellaneous

street or courtyard façade.

individual entries.

A

B

C

D

E. Building Form3

Height

Stories 4 Stories max.

40' max.

52' max.

2 Stories max.

18' max.

28' max.

Ground Floor Finish Level 18" min. above

sidewalk

Ground Floor Ceiling 9' min. clear

Upper Floor(s) Ceiling 8' min. clear3 See Division

additional building form regulations.

Footprint

space along primary street

frontage

30' min.

Lot Coverage 80% max.

Miscellaneous

E

F

G

H

Street

Building Setback Line

Building Area

Facade Area

Key

Street

D

Side

Str

eet

H

GAmin.

Amax.

Bmin.

Bmax.

C

F

E

Page 32: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

7 Welcome and Celebrate Austin’s Diversity

3Armando Rayo, Cultural Strategies

Connect, Equip, Mobilize

32

Page 33: Coding for a Compact and Connected Austin

TEAM CAPABILITIES

MARKETING & ADVERTISING

• Research & Insights

• Brand Development

• Media Planning/Buying

• Custom Content

• Creative

PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT

• Research & Assessment

• Community Relations

• Earned Media Placement

• Stakeholder Outreach

INTERACTIVE & SOCIAL MEDIA

• Platform Development

• Strategy & Implementation

• Campaign Management

• Analytics Reporting

• SEO & SEM

PUBLIC RELATIONS

• Communications Plans

• Advocacy & Professional Relations

• Campaign Management

Cultural Strategies is a marketing and communications firm that provides cultural insights, effective marketing concepts, and public engagement strategies that resonate with a multi-cultural America.

“Beyond outreach,

engagement includes people in the process.”

CertificationsInternational Association for Public Participation (IAP2)

City of Austin Certified Minority-Owned Business Enterprise (MBE)

Public InvolvementCommunity-based Research Community Events

Related Projects

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ARMANDO RAYO

Expertise: Community Engagement & Social Innovation

DIANE MILLER

Expertise: Civic Engagement & Community Planning Management

ROBENA JACKSON

Expertise: Public Involvement & Communications

MARK YZNAGA

Expertise: Public Policy Development & Community Decision-making

TEAM PROFILE

Project Involvement:

• Airport Boulevard Form-Based Code Transportation Study

• Central Health - Dove Springs

• United Way – Hands on Central Texas

• Austin Independent School District

Project Involvement:

• Imagine Austin

• Envision Central Texas

• IAP2 Practitioner

• Congress for New Urbanism

Project Involvement:

• Imagine Austin

• CAMPO

• Capital Metro

• Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority

• Austin Water Utility

Project Involvement:

• Imagine Austin

• Envision Central Texas

• Create Austin

The Cultural Strategies Engagement Team for the Land Development Code represents a collaboration of public engagement experts with deep connections to Austin.

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Build relationships thatinvite participation and grow social capital

Develop and share toolkits and messaging collateral with campaign ambassadors

Provide stakeholders pathways that move people to action

Relevance• Understand culture, traditions and history

• Understand an individual’s and community’s aspirations, needs and wants

• Honor, respect and be authentic

Engagement• Utilize culturally relevant messages and

approaches

• Build meaningful connections

• Reflect people’s concerns

• Interact and include community members in the process

• Create Ambassadors

• Engage, not just outreach

Commitment• Be intentional and committed to the long haul

• Show up frequently and when it matters

• Collaborate with multi-cultural organizations and groups

• Equip people with skills, knowledge and abilities

• Utilize community members as leaders

ENGAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

VALUES

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Goals• Listen to the community, provide education and identify issues.

– Code 101 and Best Practices

– Design Listening Sessions

– Education Sessions

– Listening Sessions

Deliverables• Code 101 and Best Practices Documents

• Public Participation Plan

• Preliminary “Listening to the Community” Report

• Final “Listening to the Community” Report

PEER-TO-PEER• Ambassador Development• Advocate Recruitment• Education & Dialogue Sessions• Community Potlucks• Visioning Workshops

AUDIENCE IDENTIFICATION• Cultural Segmentation• Socio-economic• Affinity Associations• Leaders (Formal/Informal)• Grassroots• Geospatial Analysis

MESSAGING & BRANDING• Brand Identity Development• Campaign Toolkit• Survey Instruments• Web Presence• Spanish Transcreations

MEDIA• Social Media• Earned & Paid• E-blasts• Neighborhood Newsletters• Partnerships

RESEARCH• In-depth Interviews• Focus Groups• Intercept Interviews• Surveys Online/Offline• Polling

Approach:• Reposition Land Development Code messaging into a “Quality of Life”

discussion

• Build community in the process

Proposed Tactics:• Listening Sessions

• Education Sessions

• Small-group discussions

• Implement engaging visual communication materials that resonate with

audiences

• Community Chats/Platicas

• Develop Ambassador Program

• Text Message Polling

• Develop Advocate Program for Community-based organizations, schools,

and faith-based groups

• Develop photo and video series that documents the community’s visions

LAND DEVELOPMENT CODE: PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT

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Task: Include under-represented groups in city planning initiative - Latinos, African American, and Asian, faith-based groups and minority-owned businesses.

Campaign Assets: Identity development, website, You tube

Methodology: Video series, photovoice, small group discussions, visioning workshop, stakeholder meetings

PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: AIRPORT BOULEVARD FORM-BASED CODE

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Task: Create a health movement in Houston on behalf of 10 community health centers

Campaign Assets: Brand development, website, collateral, leadership presentations and education, online tools, earned media

Methodology: Research, messaging, ambassador training, advocate recruitment, community engagement, partnership development

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: HEALTHCARE

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8 Efficient & Effective Service Delivery

3Peter Park: Assessing Capacity, Citywide Mapping, Better City and Better Planning

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Aerial Imagery

Parcel Boundaries

Building Outlines

Field Grid

Assessing Capacity

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Citywide Mapping

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Citywide Mapping

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Building Consensus and Ownership

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Denver City Council President Chris Nevitt Neighborhood Mapping Session

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Alameda Station/Denver Design District

Better Code=Better City & Better Planning

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New Zoning MapAlameda Station Area Plan Recommendations

Better Code=Better City & Better Planning

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Summary of Major Meetings and Outreach Opportunities

Understanding (Months 1 to 8)

Exploring (Months 9 to 23)

Implementing (Months 24 to 32)

Administrative Draft (Internal Draft)

Initial Draft (First Public Draft)

Revised Initial Draft (Second Public Draft)

Adoption Draft (First Adoption Draft)

Revised Adoption Draft (Final Adoption Draft)

Listening & EducationDesign Listening Sessions

Education Sessions

Listening Sessions

Coding 101 & Best Practices

Code Diagnosis

Community Character & Scenario Baselines

Annotated Outline

Style Sheet, Code Template & Cartoon of Code Document

Re-Assessment of Scope of Work

Project Kick-Off

Mapping

Scenario Testing & Community Character

Code Adoption

Training & Informational Materials

New Land Development Code

In Use

Presentation for Approval of Annotated Outline and Cartoon of Code to CC (June 2014)

Presentation of Adoption Draft to Steering Committee

Presentation for Adoption of the Land Development Code to CC

Branding & Webpage Goes Live

Multi-Day Public Workshop

Public Presentation Introducing Team

Multi-Day Public Workshop

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