Codex Alimentarius (1)
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Transcript of Codex Alimentarius (1)
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Codex Alimentarius
International
Food Law or Food Code
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Codex Commission
Developed Codex in 1962
Subsidiary of Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO), United Nations(UN)and World Health Organization (WHO)
Joint venture between FAO and WHO toformulate internationally accepted foodsafety standardsfor protection of humanhealth and to ensure fair trade practices
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Codex Alimentarius
Impacted quality and safety of world food supply
Upgraded standards for manufacturing,
processing, safety and quality throughout world Increased international trade 800% since 1962
Contributes to lowering of trade barriers and
protectionism
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Purpose of the Codex Alimentarius
To protect consumer health and
economic interests and to securefair trade practices in the food
industry
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Codex Commission
Coordination of all food standards
Initiation and supervision of draft
standards Finalization of food standards
Publication of standards worldwide
Amend standards in face of newtechnology
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Harmonization of
International Trade
Differences in food laws and standards
developed independently can causebarriers to trade between nations
Often disguised as health or safety
measures but really designed to protectlocal farm products or consumer
misconceptions (Genetic modifications)
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Economic Impact Statements
Required since 1979
Member nations required to declare possible
economic impacts of their standards while in draftform
Designed to help prevent trade barriers
GATT / NAFTA
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Codex Alimentarius
Ensures that products complying with Codexstandards can be bought and sold on theinternational market without compromisinghealth or interests of consumers
Codex standards ensure product is safeinternationally
Review of member laws based ininternationally acceptedscientific andtechnological standards
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Food under the
Codex:
anysubstance, whether processed, partlyprocessed or raw, which is intendedfor human
consumption and includes drink, chewinggumand anysubstance which has been usedin the manufacture, preparation or treatment offood but does notinclude cosmetics, tobacco
or substances used solelyas drugs
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Structure of Codex Commission
Inter-governmental body
Open to all UN member nations
Currently 165 members (98% of world) Executive Committee oversees Commission
activities (Chair, 3 vice chairs and 7others)
Secretariatoversees Executive CommitteeLocated at FAO in Rome
Corresponds with member states re: standards
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Codex Committees
Commodities Committees Fats and Oils
General Subject Committees
Food Additives
Regional Committees Intra-regional matters and trade
Regional Coordinating CommitteesAfrica, Europe, South West Pacific,
Latin America, Caribbean, Near East, North America
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Codex Legal Tools:
Codex Standards
Codes of Practices Guidelines and Recommendations
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Codex Standards
Food requirements intended to provideconsumers with a sound, wholesome food
product free from adulteration, correctlylabeledandpresented.
Explicitly quantifies and specifies inacceptable form, exactly what is consideredto be in compliancewith regards to certaincommodities
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Codes of Practice
Advisory textissued to all members
Designed to assist members in achievingpurposes of Codex
Individual members decide how to use code
Typically describe hygiene requirements Adequate / Acceptable
Considered checklist of requirements forenforcement authorities (JurisdictionalPrerequisites)
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Guidelines and Recommendations
Basic tool usedto help member nations inelaboration of their standards to conform to Codex
Not bindingbut accepted worldwide
Very useful to developing countries
Example: Code of Ethics for International Trade inFood
Commission can make guidelines quasi-binding
i.e. SPS Agreement guidelines
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Codex Standards
Use HACCP in development of standards
Flexible enough to allow member incorporatethem into existing legislation
Strive for international consensus
Now incorporate risk analysismethods
8 step procedure to pass a standardReviewed twice by CAC, twice by member and twice by
government and other interested parties
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Food Additives under the Codex:
Codex General Standard for Food Additives
any substance not normally consumed as a food
on its ownand normally constituting a typical food
ingredient, whether or not it has any nutritional value, the
intentionaladditional of which to food for a
technological purpose in the manufacturing..or may
reasonably be expected to resultin it or itsbyproductsbecoming a component of or otherwise
affecting the characteristics of such foods
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Food Labeling Under the Codex
Codex General Standard for the Labeling
of Prepackaged Foods
Recognized labeling as important to bothobjectives of Codex
Label = any tag, brand, mark, pictorial or
other descriptive matter, written, printed,stenciled to a container of a food
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Food Labeling Under Codex
Alimentarius
Codex General Guidelines on Claims
Codex General Guidelines of NutritionalLabelingNot mandatory unless make nutrition claim
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Food Labeling Requirements under
Codex Alimentarius
Name of the food
List of ingredients (in descending order)
Net content and drained weight
Name and address of manufacturer
Country of origin
Lot identification
Date marking and storage instructions Instructions for use
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Acceptance
Member nation must formally accept Codexstandard
Types of acceptance:Full Acceptance:
Product distributed freely under standard name ifcomplies with Codex standard
Acceptance with specified variations: Product distributed freely only if complies with standard
and variation
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Acceptance
Target Acceptance
Conforming product distributed freely but standard not accepted
until certain date
Free Distribution Replaced Target Acceptance
Free distribution of conforming products so long as complies with
national standard
Non Acceptance Country refuses to accept standard in any form and indicates
whether or not it will allow free distribution of Codex products
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Enforcement of Codex Standards
Codex regulation not binding until adopted bymember.
Member ratification of Codex standards ismandatory
Violation would then be violation of themember countrys national law and
punishment accordingly
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Codex Summary
Codex Alimentarius is designed to ensureinternational acceptancein terms of quality andeconomic interest of consumer and to ensure fairtrade practices
Standards based on scientific principlessuch asHACCP
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